Answer:
Journal entries are given below
Explanation:
Journal Entries
Requirement A: Issuance of the bonds on January 31, 2016.
Debit Credit
Cash (w) $9,600,000
Discount on bonds payable $400,000
Bonds payable $10,000,000
Working
Cash = 10,000,000*0.96 = $9,600,000
Discount on bonds payable = 10,000,000*0.04 = $400,000
Requirement B: The semiannual interest payment and amortization of bond discount on July 31, 2016.
Debit Credit
Interest expense $390,000
Cash (w) $350,000
Discount on bonds payable (w) $40,000
Working
Cash = 10,000,000x 0.07 x 6/12 = $350,000
Discount on bonds payable = 400000/(5months*2) = $40,000
Requirement C: The interest accrual and discount amortization on December 31, 2016.
Debit Credit
Interest expense $325,000
Cash (w) $291,666.67
Discount on bonds payable (w) $33333.33
Working
Cash = 10,000,000x 0.07 x 5months/12months = 291,666.67
Discount on bonds payable = 400,000/(5*2)*5/6 = 33,333.33
If you were on the Federal Reserve Board and you were concerned only with reducing high unemployment, you would implement_____________ monetary policy with a focus.
a. Short-term
b. Long-term
c. Contractionary
d. Expansionary
Answer: Expansionary; Short-term
Explanation:
If you were on the Federal Reserve Board and you were concerned only with reducing high unemployment, you would implement an expansionary monetary policy with a short-term focus.
Expansionary monetary policy has the effect of putting more money into the economy. As there is now more money in the economy, the expectation is that there will be more consumption spending as well as investment. More consumption because people have more money and more investment because interest rates reduce when there is an increased money supply. As there is now more investment as well as the need to satiate the increased demand, more companies can expand and employ people thereby reducing unemployment.
This should however be done with a short term view because expansionary monetary policy will lead to higher inflation in the longer term making business operations less profitable.
A publishing company sells 1,250,000 copies of certain books each year. It costs the company $1 to store each book for a year. Each time it must print additional copies, it costs the company $250 to set up the presses. How many books should the company produce during each printing in order to minimize its total storage and setup costs
Answer:
The Company should produce 25,000 books
Explanation:
The production size that minimizes total storage and setup costs is known as the optimum batch size.
Optimum batch size = √(2 × Annual Production Demand × Set up Cost) / Storage Cost per unit
= √ (2 × 1,250,000 × $250) / $1
= 25,000 books
Conclusion :
The Company should produce 25,000 books during each printing in order to minimize its total storage and setup costs.
Turnbull Co. has a target capital structure of 58% debt, 6% preferred stock, and 36% common equity. It has a before-tax cost of debt of 8.2%, and its cost of preferred stock is 9.3%. If Turnbull can raise all of its equity capital from retained earnings, its cost of common equity will be 12.4%. However, if it is necessary to raise new common equity, it will carry a cost of 14.2%. If its current tax rate is 40%, how much higher will Turnbull’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) be if it has to raise additional common equity capital by issuing new common stock instead of raising the funds through retained earnings? (Note: Round your intermediate calculations to two decimal places.)
Answer:
Turnbull's weighted average cost of capital will be higher by 0.65% if it has to raise additional common equity capital.
Explanation:
By combining the WACC formula and retained earnings cost of capital,we will arrive at;
WACC = Debt W × after tax cost of debt + Preferred stock weight × cost of capital + Equity W × Cost of capital
= 58% × 4.92% + 6% × 9.3% + 36% × 12.4%
= 2.85% + 0.56% + 4.46%
= 7.87%
Also, using the same WACC formula and using common equity cost of capital, , we will arrive at the below;
WACC = Debt W × after tax cost of debt + preferred stock weight × cost of capital + Equity W × cost of capital
= 58% × 4.92% + 6% × 9.3% + 36% × 14.2%
= 2.85% + 0.56% + 5.11%
= 8.52%
Therefore, increase cost using common equity over retained earnings is [ 8.52% - 7.87%]
= 0.65%
N.B we arrived at 4.92% for after tax by;
Pre tax 8.2%
Current tax rate 40%
= Pre tax × ( 1 - cost of debt)
= 8.2% × ( 1 - 40%)
= 8.2% × 0.6%
= 4.92%
A stock has had returns of 12 percent, 19 percent, 21 percent, −12 percent, 26 percent, and −5 percent over the last six years. What are the arithmetic and geometric average returns for the stock? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answer:
Average rate of return= 10.17 %
Geometric return = 9.23%
Explanation:
Geometric average return
This is compounded annual rate of return which is used to measure the performance of an asset over a certain number of years. It helps to measure the return generated by an investment taking into account the volatility .
Unlike the arithmetic average the geometric average gives an idea of the real rate taking into account of volatility
The formula below
Geometric Return =(1+r1) (1+r2) ...... (1+rn)^1/n
Geometric Average return =
(1.12× 1.19× 1.21× 0.88× 1.26× 0.95)^(1/6) - 1 =0.09233168
Geometric return =0.0923 × 100= 9.23%
Geometric return = 9.23%
Average rate of return
The average return is the sum of the returns over the years dividend by the Numbers of returns
Average return = sum of return / No of returns
(12% + 19% + 21% + (12%) + 26% + (5%))/6 =10.17 %
Average rate of return= 10.17 %
Geometric return = 9.23%
f covered interest arbitrage opportunities do not exist, Group of answer choices interest rate parity holds. interest rate parity does not hold. interest rate parity holds, and arbitragers will be able to make risk-free profits. arbitragers will be able to make risk-free profits. interest rate parity does not hold, and arbitragers will be able to make risk-free profits.
Answer: interest rate parity holds
Explanation:
Covered interest arbitrage is a trading strategy that is used by an investor when the person whereby takes advantage of the differences in interest rate between two nations and invest in the currency that brings higher value.
If covered interest arbitrage opportunities do not exist, it simply means that interest rate parity holds.
Maxwell Feed & Seed is considering a project that has the following cash flow data. What is the project's IRR? Note that a project's projected IRR can be less than the WACC (and even negative), in which case it will be rejected.
Answer:
13.31%
Explanation:
some information is missing:
Year Cash flows
0 −$1,100
1 $450
2 $470
3 $490
the easiest way to calculate the IRR is by using a financial calculator, IRR = 13.31%
but if we don't have one at hand, the IRR is the discount rate at which a project's NPV = 0
1,100 = 450/(1 + r) + 470/(1 + r)² + 490/(1 + r)³
to simplify the formula we must use trial and error:
since we already know the real IRR, I will start with a close number like 10%
1,100 = 450/(1 + 0.1) + 470/(1 + 0.1)² + 490/(1 + 0.1)³
1,100 = 409.09 + 388.43 + 368.14
1,100 ≠ 1,165.66
since the NPV is still positive, we must increase the discount rate. following the example we can use 12%
1,100 = 450/(1 + 0.12) + 470/(1 + 0.12)² + 490/(1 + 0.12)³
1,100 = 401.79 + 374.68 + 348.77
1,100 ≠ 1,125.24
we must increase the discount rate even more to 13%
1,100 = 450/(1 + 0.13) + 470/(1 + 0.13)² + 490/(1 + 0.13)³
1,100 = 398.23 + 368.08 + 339.59
1,100 ≠ 1,105.90
we keep increasing the discount rate to 14%
1,100 = 450/(1 + 0.14) + 470/(1 + 0.14)² + 490/(1 + 0.14)³
1,100 = 394.74 + 361.65 + 330.74
1,100 ≠ 1,087.13
since now the NPV is negative, the discount rate must be between 13-14%
we continue this way until we finally reach 13.31%
Welcome Inc. is a global Internet company that offers country-specific variations of its sites, keeping in mind the linguistic and religious differences between the countries. Welcome Inc. is most likely doing this to:
Answer:
reduce its cultural distance from the other countries
Explanation:
In this scenario, Welcome Inc. is most likely doing this to reduce its cultural distance from the other countries. Cultural distance refers to the differences in cultural values amongst countries, organizations, and stakeholders. In this case, Welcome Inc is trying to reduce this by making sure that they adjust their products and services to best accommodate these specific cultural differences in each country. In doing so they gain more loyal customers and increase their profits in each country which they do business in.
Oriole Company uses flexible budgets. At normal capacity of 15000 units, budgeted manufacturing overhead is $120000 variable and $360000 fixed. If Oriole had actual overhead costs of $483000 for 18000 units produced, what is the difference between actual and budgeted costs
Answer:
$21,000 favorable
Explanation:
Given the above information,
Variable overhead rate = $120,000 / 15 units
= $8
Overhead variance = Real - Allocated
= $483,000 - (8 × 18,000 + $360,000 )
= $483,000 - $504,000
= $21,000 favorable
Why do we need to deduct gain on sale of plant assets from net income to arrive at net cash flow from operating activities
Answer:
The money received from the sale of assets is included in the net cash flows from investing activities, that is why you must adjust net income by eliminating any gain or loss resulting from these transactions.
Explanation:
E.g. net income = $50,000, and it includes a gain of $5,000 resulting from the sale of a truck. The truck had a book value of $15,000, but was sold at $20,000.
Net cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $50,000
Adjustments to net income:
- Gain on sale of asset ($5,000)
Net cash flow provided by operating activities $45,000
Net cash flows from investing activities:
Sale of truck $20,000
Net cash flow provided by investing activities $20,000
A pension fund manager is considering three mutual funds. The first is a stock fund, the second is a long-term government and corporate bond fund, and the third is a T-bill money market fund that yields a sure rate of 5.5%. The probability distributions of the risky funds are: Expected Return Standard Deviation Stock fund (S) 15 % 32 % Bond fund (B) 9 % 23 % The correlation between the fund returns is 0.15. What is the Sharpe ratio of the best feasible CAL?
Answer:
0.296875
Explanation:
Given the following :
Probability distribution of risky funds :
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - stock fund(S) - - bond fund(B)
Expected return - - - 15% - - - - - - - - - - 9%
Std - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32% - - - - - - - - - - 23%
Correlation between funds return = 0.15
Sure rate = 5.5%
To calculate the Sharpe ratio we use the formula :
Sharpe Ratio = (Expected Return of Investment - Risk Free Rate) / Standard Deviation of excess return of investment
For the stock fund :
Expected return = 15%
Risk free rate = market sure rate = 5.5%
Standard deviation = 32%
Sharpe ratio of stock fund :
(15% - 5.5%) / 32%
= 9.5% / 32%
= 0.296875
For Bond fund :
Expected return = 9%
Risk free rate = market sure rate = 5.5%
Standard deviation = 23%
Sharpe ratio of bond fund :
(9% - 5.5%) / 23%
= 3.5% / 23%
= 0.1521739
Therefore the Sharpe ratio of the best feasible CAL is the higher of the two ratios which is 0.296875
You haven't been able to spend much time talking with your team lately, but your workload should be back to normal soon. When you checked in with your team today, several associates joked about being surprised to see you.
Assuming all option are possible, what would you be most and least likely to do?
Answer and Explanation:
I would most likely do this:
Explain the issue to the team and praise them for their work in my absence. I would let them know there would be more time soon. It is very essential to praise and appreciate these efforts by the associates since I have been absent for a while and do not know what efforts they have been putting in.
I would be least likely to:
Talk to the manager to explain this situation or propose that my some of my commitments are eased for me to have more time with my team
On the statement of cash flows, the cash flows from operating activities section would include a. receipts from the issuance of common stock b. payments for cash dividends c. payment for interest on short-term notes payable d. payments for the purchase of investments
Answer:
c. payment for interest on short-term notes payable
Explanation:
Cash flow statement shows positive and negative cash flows that result from activities of a business. It is divided into 3 parts: cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from investing activities, cash flow from financing activities.
Cash flows form operations involves cash flows from regular business activities. A positive change in assets represents an outflow and a negative change in liability represents an inflow.
Items considered under operating activities include inventory, accounts receivable, accrued revenue, accounts payable, and tax liabilities.
Payment for interest on short-term notes payable is a account payable item, so it is included in cash flow from operations
Harver company currently produces component RX5 for its sole product. The current cost per unit to manufacture the required 58000 units of RX5 follows. Direct materials and direct labor are 100% variable. Overhead is 70% fixed. An outside supplier has offered to supply the 58000 units of RX5 for 18.50 per unit. determine the total incremental cost making 58000 units of Rx5. Determine the total incremental cost of buying 58000 units of RX5. Should the company make or buy RX%
Answer:
Decision = Make
Explanation:
The incremental cost to buy and the incremental cost to make can be calculated as follows
DATA
Direct material = $4 (100% variable)
Direct labor = $8 (100% variable)
Overhead = $9 ( 70% fixed)
Total cost per unit = $21
Offered price = $18.5 per unit
Total units = 58,000
Solution
Incremental cost of making
Direct material ( 58,000 x $4) = $232,000
Direct labor (58,000 x $8) = $464,000
Overhead ( 58,000 x $9 x 30%) = $156,600
Total cost = $825,600
Incremental cost of buying
Total cost = No. of units x offered price
Total cost = 58,000 x $18.5
Total cost = $1,073,000
Decision: The company should make the product as the total cost to buy is $247,400 higher than the cost to make.
Florida Curtain Works is in the process of preparing its budget for next year. Cost of goods sold has been estimated at 60% of sales. Fabric purchases and payments are to be made during the month preceding the month of sale. Wages are estimated at 20% of sales and are paid during the month of sale. Other operating costs amounting to 25% of sales are to be paid in the month following the month of sales. Sales revenue is forecasted as follows:
Month Sales
February $440,000
March $450,000
April $480,000
May $500,000
June $510,000
What is the amount of fabric purchases during the month of March?
a. $480,000.
b. $336,000.
c. $288,000.
d. $300,000.
Answer:
Florida Curtain Works
1. Fabric purchases during the month of March:
c. $288,000.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Month Sales Cost of Sales Purchases Wages Others
February $440,000 $264,000 $270,000 $88,000
March $450,000 270,000 288,000 90,000 $110,000
April $480,000 288,000 300,000 96,000 112,500
May $500,000 300,000 306,000 100,000 120,000
June $510,000 306,000 102,000 125,000
b) Florida Curtain Works can prepare its budget for the next year by estimating the cost of goods to be sold, the purchases and payments for Fabric during the month based on trade terms, and the wages and other expenses to incur. The budget helps its management to plan, prepare, exert efforts toward achieving the set targets, and analyze actual performance against budget.
The percent change in nominal gross domestic product (GDP) minus the percent change in price level equals
Answer:
Real GDP
Explanation:
Nominal GDP less percent change in price levels equals to real GDP
Nominal GDP is GDP calculated using current year prices
Real GDP is GDP using base year prices. it has been adjusted for inflation.
Gross domestic product is the total sum of final goods and services produced in an economy within a given period which is usually a year
whatis the general termfor resources used by a business to produce good or services referred to as
Answer:
Factors of Production
How are the three economic conditions (Growing, Stable, and Declining) called in the Decision Table?
Decision Alternatives
States of Nature
Pay-off
None of the above
Answer:
The anwer for your question is decision alternatives
A share of stock is now selling for $110. It will pay a dividend of $8 per share at the end of the year. Its beta is 1. What do investors expect the stock to sell for at the end of the year? Assume the risk-free rate is 4% and the expected rate of return on the market is 15%. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Expected selling price $
Answer:
P1 = 118.5474 rounded off to $118.55
Explanation:
To calculate the price of the stock at the end of the year or P1, we first need to determine the required rate of return on the stock and the growth rate in dividends.
The required rate of return can be found using the CAPM equation. The formula for required rate of return under CAPM is,
r = rRF + Beta * (rM - rRF)
Where,
rRF is the risk free raterM is the return on marketr = 0.04 + 1 * (0.15 - 0.04)
r = 0.15 or 15%
Now we assume that the stock is a constant growth stock which means that the growth in dividends is expected to be constant throughout. The price of such a stock is found using the constant growth model of DDM. The formula for price today under the constant growth model is,
P0 = D1 / (r - g)
Where,
P0 is price todayD1 is expected dividend for the next periodg is the growth rate in dividendsPlugging in the available variables, g is,
110 = 8 / (0.15 - g)
110* (0.15 - g) = 8
16.5 - 110g = 8
g = (8 - 16.5) / -110
g = 0.077272 or 7.7272% rounded off to 7.73%
So to calculate the price at the end of the year or P1, we will use D2.
P1 = 8 * (1+0.0773) / (0.15 - 0.0773)
P1 = 118.5474 rounded off to $118.55
Classify the following as a population or sample:
a. Two chimpanzees chosen to carry out genetic research.
b. Statistics 201 is a course taught at a university. Professor Rauch has taught nearly 1,500 students in the course over the past 5 years. You would like to know the average grade for the course.
c. Weather reports for each day of a month in a city for a study on that city's weather during that particular month.
d. To find how many books are published in one week by a famous publishing company.
e. To test a new drug produced by a biotech company.
f. To find the number of men and women working in an IT company with 600 people.
g. To estimate the average salary of doctors in California.
Answer:
Classification as Population or Sample
a. Sample
b. Population
c. Population
d. Population
e. Sample
f. Population
g. Population
Explanation:
The population defines the whole group, while the sample is a part of the population. This means that the sample is less than the population. In statistical research, it is not always possible to study the whole population, unless it is not large. Most times, only the sample is studied and conclusions are then drawn about the population size based on the characteristics discovered about the sample size.
As the assistant to the CFO of Johnstone Inc., you must estimate its cost of common equity. You have been provided with the following data: D 0 = $0.80; P 0 = $22.50; and g = 8.00% (constant). Based on the DCF approach, what is the cost of common from reinvested earnings?
Answer:
The cost of common equity from reinvested earnings is 11.84%
Explanation:
The constant growth model of DDM or DCF approach is used to calculate the price of a stock today whose dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate forever. The model values the stock based on the present value of the expected future dividends form the stock.
The formula for price today under this model is,
P0 = D0 * (1+g) / (r - g)
Where,
P0 is price todayD0 is the dividend todayr is the cost of equityg is the growth rate in dividendsPlugging in the available values for all the variables, we can calculate the r or cost of common equity to be,
22.5 = 0.8 * (1+0.08) / (r - 0.08)
22.5 * (r - 0.08) = 0.864
22.5r - 1.8 = 0.864
22.5r = 0.864 + 1.8
r = 2.664 / 22.5
r = 0.1184 or 11.84%
A registered representative ("rr") is an MFP of a municipal securities firm that is an underwriter for that municipal issuer. The MFP volunteers his time to the election campaign of a candidate for mayor of the issuer by offering to host a reception. The "rr," who is entitled to vote in the election, does not make a contribution to the elected official’s campaign, but does pay $300 of "out of pocket" expenses for the cost of the reception. Which statement is TRUE?
Answer:
The $300 of out of pocket expense exceeds the MSRB political contribution limit and will result in the municipal securities firm being banned as an underwriter for that issuer for 2 years.
Explanation:
The municipal securities firm is is underwriter for municipal issuer. The volunteers have paid $300 out of pocket but they are not entitled to make contribution to the campaign. This will result the firm being banned for two years as an underwriter for the issuer.
The IMF policies that accompany most IMF loans are typically: Multiple Choice expansionary in the short run. procyclical in the long run. contractionary in the long run. contractionary in the short run.
Answer:
contractionary in the long run
Explanation:
contractionary fiscal policy reduces spending and raises taxes. it contract the economy by reducing the amount of money that is available for businesses and for people to spend. it could reduce government expenditure or increase taxes or in other times do both. useful during inflation
A security company offers to provide CCTV coverage for a parking garage for ten years for an initial payment of $45,000 and additional payments of $25,000 per year. What is the equivalent annual annuity of this deal, given a cost of capital of 4%?
Answer:
Equivalent Annual Annuity =$30,548.09
Explanation:
The equivalent annuity is the annual cash cash flows that is the same in value to the present value of the total cost associated with providing the CCTV coverage.
Equivalent Annual Annuity = Total PV of cost /Annuity factor
To determine the total prsent value of cost associated with CCTV would sum the present value of the additional payment for 10 years and the initial cost.
Initial cost - 45,000
Additional payment = 25,000
PV of additional payment = A× 1-(1+r)^(-n)/r
= 25,000 × 1- 1.04^(-10)/0.04 = 202,772.39
Total PV of cost = 202,772.39 + 45,000 = 247,772.39
Total PV of cost = 247,772.39
Equivalent Annual Annuity = Total PV of cost /Annuity factor
Annuity factor = 1-(1+r)^(-n)/r = ( 1- 1.04^(-10)/0.04) = 8.1109
Equivalent Annual Annuity =247,772.39 /8.1109 = 30,548.09
Equivalent Annual Annuity =$30,548.09
Though not specifically cited in the producer's contract, the producer is expected to telephone prospects on the insurer's behalf to arrange sales appointments. This is an example of what kind of producer authority?
Answer:
Implied authority
Explanation:
Implied authority defines an authority with respect to agent that involves jurisdiction to perform the acts so that the objectives of the organization could be achieved. Also, it is a binding contract on other person behalf or company
Therefore according to the given situation, this is an example of implied authority
Farmer Brown’s total cost curve is a. increasing at an increasing rate. b. increasing at a decreasing rate. c. increasing at a constant rate. d. decreasing.
The question is incomplete:
If Farmer Brown plants no seeds on his farm, he gets no harvest. If he plants 1 bag of seeds, he gets 5 bushels of wheat. If he plants 2 bags, he gets 9 bushels. If he plants 3 bags, he gets 12 bushels. A bag of seeds costs $120, and seeds are his only cost.
Farmer Brown's total-cost curve is
a. increasing at an increasing rate.
b. increasing at a decreasing rate.
c. increasing at a constant rate.
d. decreasing.
Answer:
a. increasing at an increasing rate.
Explanation:
To determine the answer, you can create a graph with the information given hich is attached.
You can see that the curve is increasing and because of that you can eliminate option d that is decreasing. Then, you have to consider that increasing at a constant rate would show an straight line which is not the case. Also, increasing at a decreasing rate would show a decreasing slope which is not what you see in the graph. Because of that, the answer is that Farmer Brown’s total cost curve is increasing at an increasing rate because the graphs shows an increasing slope.
As assistant to the CFO of Boulder Inc., you must estimate the Year 1 cash flow for a project with the following data:
Sales revenues $13,000
Depreciation $4,000
Other operating costs $6,000
Tax rate 35.0%
What is the Year 1 cash flow?
a. $6,962
b. $5,950
c. $7,438
d. $5,177
e. $7,378
Answer:
$5,950
Explanation:
Boulder incorporation reported the following data for year 1
Sales revenue= $13,000
Depreciation= $4,000
Other operating costs= $6,000
Tax rate= 35%
The first step is to calculate the EBIT
= sales revenue-operating costs-depreciation
= $13,000-$6,000-$4,000
= $3,000
Therefore, the cash flow for year 1 can be calculated as follows
= 3,000×35/100
= 3,000×0.35
= 1,050
= 3,000-1,050
= 1,950
Cash flow= 4,000+1,950
= $5,950
Hence the cash flow for year 1 is $5,950
Suppose a period of continuous political instability leads to people to believe that the economy will slide into a deep recession. As a result, people become more likely to accept ________ money in exchange for goods and services.
A. Flat
B. Commodity
U.S. Dollars are an example of _____ money.
A. Flat
B. Commodity
Answer:
The answer is:
1. Commodity
2. Fiat
Explanation:
We have two questions here.
First, the answer is commodity money. Commodity money is the type of money whose value are tied to the commodity it is made up of. This is used as a medium of exchange when the value of money falls totally (during inflation or hyperinflation.) Examples of commodity money can be gold, cocoa,copper etc.
Second question. The answer is fiat money. Fiat money is the currency issued by the national government of a country through The Fed(in US) or Central banks (in most countries).
The fiat money in US is the US dollar, for Nigeria is Nigerian naira etc. It is a legal tender in those countries.
Joe-Bob wants to buy a car and will need to take out a loan in order to make the purchase. His current monthly income is $3,500 per month. His mortgage payment is $900 per month, and his student loan payment is $350 per month. Note: You do not need to take taxes into consideration for this journal.
a. According to the affordability formulas given, can he afford to take out another loan?
b. When should he follow the affordability formulas?
c. In what cases should he not?
d. How could taking out the car loan impact his other priorities?
Answer:
A) according to the affordability formula Joe-Bob can take out another loan because his DTI is 36%
B) He should follow the affordability formula when he wants to take out loans
C) He should not follow DTI if he isn't taking out loans
D) Taking out a loan will negatively impact his other priorities if his DTI is very high or greater than 100%
Explanation:
using the affordability formula
The debt to income ratio = [tex]\frac{total debt}{gross income}[/tex]
total debt = mortgage payment + loan repayment = $900 + $350
= $1250
gross income = $3500
hence debt to income ratio = 1250 / 3500 = 0.3571 = 35.7%
A) according to the affordability formula Joe-Bob can take out another loan because his DTI is 36%
B) He should follow the affordability formula when he wants to take out loans
C) He should not follow DTI if he isn't taking out loans
D) Taking out a loan will negatively impact his other priorities if his DTI is very high or greater than 100%
a. According to the affordability formulas, Joe-Bob cannot afford to take out a car loan. His current DTI without the auto loan is almost 36%.
b. Joe-Bob should follow the affordability formulas to guide his decisions in taking a new loan.
c. Joe-Bob does not need to follow the affordability formulas when his debt to income ratio (DTI) is far below 36%. He can also avoid the affordability formulas when he has the prospect of increasing his monthly income.
d. If Joe-Bob takes out the car loan despite his poor rating on the affordability formulas, he may not afford to pay his bills for necessities.
Thus, Joe-Bob should not take on more loans now until he improves his income. An automobile will require routine maintenance and some repairs, including fuelling.
Data and Calculations:
Current monthly income = $3,500
Monthly mortgage payment = $900
Monthly student loan payment = $350
Total current debts = $1,250 ($900 + $350)
The Affordability Formula (Current Debt Payment to Income Ratio) =
35.7% ($1,250/$3,500 x 100)
The Affordability Rule states that Joe-Bob should not spend more than 36% of his monthly income repaying loans.
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Compare and contrast the following forms of business organization: sole proprietorship,general partnership,limited liability company,and corporation as to ease of formation,liability of owners,management,and tax implications.
Answer:
Find the explanation below.
Explanation:
1. Sole Proprietorship is owned by a single person or a married couple.
a. Ease of formation: This business is very easy to form because owners are not required to have legal documentation for the business to begin operation.
b. Liability of Owners: Owners are personally liable for the success or failure of the business. This means that they bear the cost of whatever debt or losses that are incurred in the business and can be sued for it.
c. Management: The owner makes all the management decisions that could affect the business. He sets the time when his business can be run as well as the prices for his products.
d. Tax Implications: They fill out Schedule C where they calculate the profit and loss from their business. They declare their income in Standard Form 1040 and they are subject to Self-employment tax.
2. General Partnership is a business agreement between to or more owners.
a. Ease of Formation: It is quite easy to start this business because little or no legal documentation is required to kick-start the business.
b. Liability: All partners are liable for debts and losses incurred in the business.
c. Management Decisions: The management decisions are made by the general partners. This affords them a measure of flexibility.
d. Tax implications: Income tax is not paid rather, a separate tax return form is filed.
3. Limited Liability Company: These business entities are run by two or more business partners.
a. Ease of Formation: It is relatively easy to form because it is governed by state rules and regulations which must be adhered to by the business owners.
b. Liability: There is a limited liability as just the business assets can be withheld when there is a legal battle. Personal assets of partners can not be withheld.
c. Management Decisions: There could be a member-managed LLC where members make decisions in the business or a manager-managed LLC one or two non-members are employed to manage the business and make business decisions therein.
d. Taxation: Taxation is done once and profits realized are passed through to the personal income taxes of the members.
4. Corporations are set up by a group of businesspeople.
a. Ease of Formation: They are not easy to form as proper documentation which is governed by state laws must be adhered to.
b. Liability: There is a limited liability as shareholders are not held accountable for the debts and losses of the corporation.
c. Management: There are directors of the corporation who are elected by the shareholders, They make decisions for the corporation. Business officers are also appointed.
d. Tax Implications: There are lots of taxation requirements for which the corporation might seek advice from a taxation advisor to prevent double taxation.
The GoT cups are a fast seller and you need to ensure that you have enough rolls of paper to fulfill demand. The first stage in the process is to determine the total cost of the current inventory ordering model. Given the following information, how many rolls should they order to minimize costs?H: $1.75 per unitD: 500 rolls per monthQ: 100 units ordered at a timeS: $25 per order
Answer:
EOQ = 414 rolls
Explanation:
In order to calculate the number of orders to minimize the cost, we should calculate that by using the Economic order quantity model.
DATA
Holding cost = $1.75/unit
Annual demand = 500 rolls x 12 = 6000 rolls
Ordering cost = $25
Formula
EOQ =[tex]\sqrt{\frac{2Cod}{Ch} }[/tex]
Where
Co = ordering cost
D = Annual demand
Ch = Holding cost
Solution
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2(6000)(25)}{1.75} }[/tex]
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{300000}{1.75} }[/tex]
EOQ = 414 rolls
They should order 414 rolls to minimize the cost.
Answer:
119 units
Explanation:
The economic order quantity is the minimum amount of inventory that a seller must keep to demand and lower the holding cost. The ordering cost is $25 per order. Holding cost is $1.75 per unit. The total demand is 500 units per month. The economic order quantity that will minimize the cost of the GoT cups is
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2*Demand*ordering cost}{Holding cost} }[/tex]
EOQ is 119 units.
