Name five types of evidence that support the theory of evolution. Write one sentence for each, explaining why it demonstrates evidence. (10 points)

The five evidences that support the theory of evolution are: Fossils, Anatomy, Embryology, Molecular Biology (or Biochemistry), and Biogeography.

Fossils show the physical change in a species over time, suggesting evidence for evolution. For an example, we can trace the origins of dolphins and whales all the way to a four-legged, dog-like hoofed mammal from about 50 mya. These mammals were fish eaters and so decided to spend a lot of time in the water. In fact, they spent so much time in the water, that in a few million years, they evolved a longer body and webbed feet. Then another few million years passed and they swapped their webbed feet for flippers and swapped their tail of a fin. Eventually, we get a fish-like mammal that once walked on land.

For anatomy, or structures, there's three types of structure comparisons: Homologous structures, Vestigial structures, and Analogous structures (or Convergent Evolution). Homologous structures show similarities between the structures between species, but serve different purposes. For an example, all mammals share common features within their arms, such as having 5 fingers. However, they serve different purposes, from whale fins for swimming, to bat wings for flying, to human hands for grabbing and for using tools.

Vestigial structures were structures that once served a purpose and have been reduced in size/power to the point where it's useless. For an example, large theropods such as the T. Rex spent so much time evolving more jaw muscles and biting power, that they sacrificed their arm muscles for such power. This explains why their arms were so short.

Another example would be ratites, flightless birds such as ostriches, emus, and cassowaries (penguins and kakapos are from a different group). They spent so much time evolving powerful legs as well as evolving in size, that there was no need to fly when they could just run with their improved legs. And also the fact that they're too heavy to even fly anyways.

Analogous structures is the similar functions of structures between species, but have separately evolved these functions. For an example, the wings from insects, birds, bats, and pterosaurs are very similar in shape and can be used to fly, but they've evolved separately. For an example, birds use feathers to fly while bats and pterosaurs use/used (pterosaurs are extinct) membrane between their bones to fly. Although they do have strikingly similar evolutionary histories, with their ancestors starting off as tree dwellers, they've evolved their flight abilities separately during different earth periods.

Embryology is evidence for evolution by using embryos from different species to suggest a common ancestor. For an example, we can prove that we're more related to whales than to fish by using embryos. The fish embryo will evolve gills while the embryos of humans and whales will not, since we do not breath by extracting oxygen from water.

Molecular biology is a more recent way of providing evidence for evolution. By taking the DNA from cells from different species, we can get an estimate of how related one species is to another. The more similar amino acid sequences are between species, the more recent their common ancestor is. For an example, by comparing amino acid sequences between humans and chimpanzees, we get an estimated amount that we once shared a common ancestor seven million years ago. Without molecular biology, we would still be digging for fossils to find that number.

Biogeography is the geographic distribution of species on earth that can be explained by evolution. For an example, we can tell that Australia separated first from Pangea rather than Asia or North America since Australia doesn't have bears while the Asia and North America do, with China having pandas and North America having brown and black bears. And also with the fact that Australia is the only continent with monotremes (egg-laying mammals like the platypus).

Similar to biogeography, there's also direct observation, which is evolution that has happened in our own eyes. An example would be the underground London mosquito. Mosquitoes usually target birds like pigeons. But after an underground tunnel was built in London, some mosquitoes managed to get inside and instead of birds, they targeted, mice, rats, and of course, humans. After only a few hundred years, a mosquito from the underground tried to mate with another mosquito from land and they could not, simply because they were different species. This shows that their new choice of feeding on mammalian blood has actually altered their DNA and created a new species, during the existence of humanity!

what is photosynthesis?​

A car burns gasoline as it moves down the road. Which energy transformation
is the car performing?
A. Kinetic energy to chemical energy and light energy
B. Potential energy to sound energy and nuclear energy
C. Chemical energy to kinetic energy and thermal energy
D. Thermal energy to kinetic energy and nuclear energy

Which would make for a weak claim?
• a blog cited as the source
• a large sample size
• clear variables and controls
• multiple trials

Frequently, a group of related species will each have a unique courtship ritual that must be performed correctly for both partners to be willing to mate. Such a ritual constitutes a ________ ________ reproductive barrier. Group of answer choices

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Question
Use the text to identify the sentences with evidence that matches the claim.

Claim 1 --> Tropical rainforests contain more biodiversity than all other biomes.

1) Biodiversity refers to the total number of different species of all kinds living in an area.

2) Tropical rainforests have many of the climate characteristics that organisms of different species need to grow, such as warm temperatures, plenty of rain, and many food sources.

3) There are large amounts of daily sunlight, which provides a great deal of energy to a variety of rainforest organisms.

4) Surprisingly, rain forest soil is very poor.

5) Due to the large amounts of rainfall, nutrients are leached out of the soil quickly.

6) Warm temperatures cause dead organisms to decay quickly, and the nutrients are then used by many different plants.


1, 2, 5
1, 2, 5

1, 3, 4
1, 3, 4

2, 3, 6
2, 3, 6

1, 4, 5

What causes an ionic bond to form between sodium and chlorine?

ASAP Determine whether the statement is true or false and why. “We have discovered a series of humanoid fossils that are similar to humans, but not human. Each of these humanoid species dates to a different period in time becoming more human-like the closer to the present they are, showing a clear evolution into humans.”
A. False, it should read “We have discovered no series of humanoid fossils that are similar to humans, showing a clear lack of any transitional fossils as evidence of human evolution”
B. True
C. False, it should read “We have discovered a series of humanoid fossils that are similar to humans, but not human. Each of these humanoid species dates to a different period in time becoming less human-like the closer to the present they are, showing a clear evolution away from humans.”
D. False, it should read “We have discovered a series of humanoid fossils that are similar to humans, but not human. Each of these humanoid species dates to the same period in time, showing that many human-like species existed at once, but all went extinct.”

The teacher was unaware of the difference between suspension feeding and predation. The teacher thought that providing live copepods (2 mm long) and feeder fish (2 cm long) would satisfy the dietary needs of all of the organisms. Consequently, which two organisms would have been among the first to starve to death (assuming they lack photosynthetic endosymbionts)

The celiac ganglion ________. Group of answer choices is located near the base of the superior mesenteric artery arises from the greater splanchnic nerve projects postganglionic fibers that innervate the small intestine and the kidney and urinary bladder arises from the lesser splanchnic nerve arises from the lumbar splanchnic nerve

How can evidence from an experiment be explained in relationship to the hypothesis?
• as a prediction
• as a question
• as an inference
• as a conclusion

Structure of DNA:
Question 6
What is the function of DNA?
Select one:

To encode instructions for traits.


To help the cell move.


To store energy for the cell.


To protect the cell.

When many nucleotides link together, they form a biomolecule responsible for storing genetic information called a
Group of answer choices

protein.

nucleic acid.

retinal.

carbohydrate.

Which statements describe the synapse? Select all that apply.

It carries information through electrical impulses to the cell body.
It is part of the neuron.
It ensures that information travels in one direction only.
It carries information through chemical impulses to the cell body.
It is the gap between neurons.
It ensures that information travels in multiple directions.

Help!!!! Give a simple overview of the process of photosynthesis.

3. Which of the following most accurately represents the various feeding relationships within an ecosystem?
O A. A biomass pyramid
O B. A food chain
O C. A feeding diagram
OD. A food web

which of the following describes the function of nucleic acids?

perfect 2 minute speech on deforstation

The founder effect occurs when Multiple Choice large groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves. small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves. many members of a population die, resulting in a great loss of genetic diversity. many members of a population reproduce causing too much genetic diversity within the population. small groups of individuals leave their home population and join established settlements, and mating with natives.

ASAP
When you become too cold, your hypothalamus will signal what parts of your body to raise the temperature?
A. Muscles and kidneys
B. Skin and pancreas
C. Muscles and skin
D. Kidneys and lungs

list and explain the advantages of 5 farming systems
​

Which process allows a bacterium to take DNA from its environment and add it to its own genome?

Which of the following statements about active transport is true?

Molecules move down the concentration gradient.

ATP is not required to move molecules through the membrane.

ATP is formed as molecules pass through protein channels.

It results in a higher concentration of molecules on one side of the membrane.

Elodea is a plant that lives in water. Like all plants, elodea can make its own food through
process called photosynthesis. Oxygen gas is also produced during photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis can only happen in the presence of light. To measure the rate of
photosynthesis, a piece of elodea can be placed in an inverted test tube filled with a
sodium bicarbonate solution. Oxygen gas produced by photosynthesis will collect at the
top of the test tube.
A student has designed an experiment using elodea plants. The experimental setup is
shown in Figure 1-4
Which of the setups would serve as the control of the experiment?
Bucket
Lamp
Flashlight High
Natural
Elodea
Sodium
bicarbonate
solution

If the results of an experiment are considered valid they will? A. Give the same nontestable results B. Give The same outcome when repeated C. Give different outcomes in different parts of the world D. give different results from repeated by different scientist

An ecosystem experiences a loss of denitrifying prokaryotes. Will this loss affect the health of the ecosystem?

Which of the following is true of living things that have prokaryotic cells when compared to living things that have eukaryotic cells?
They have many types of organelles.
They are types of plants.
O They are always larger than eukaryotic organisms.
They are always unicellular.

For the numbered steps below, select the option that places them in the correct order. 1) The ribosome binds to the mRNA and uses tRNAs to translate mRNA into the corresponding amino acid polypeptide sequence. 2) The spliceosome removes introns. 3) The primary structure of the polypeptide chain undergoes hierarchical foldings to form the tertiary structure. 4) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of a gene and initiates transcription.

what is tissue A called? ​

Which of the following is the primary method of controlling citrus canker?


quarantine and destruction of infected plants

treatment with fungicides

genetic modification of plant stock

treatment with herbicides

Which molecules in your body do
not contain carbon atoms?
Genes, which are made of DNA
Proteins
Sugars
Water