Wood is the most commonly used biofuel aroud the world.
In contrast to other renewable energy sources, biomass may be directly transformed into liquid fuels, or "biofuels," to assist meet the need for transportation fuel. Ethanol and biodiesel, which both belong to the first generation of biofuel technology, are the two most popular types of biofuels now in use.
Most people agree that corn is the king of ethanol-based biofuels. Similar to the process used to make beer, sugar-rich grain is converted into ethanol. The kernels are crushed, then combined with yeast and warm water. To make ethanol, the mixture is fermented by the yeast.
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describe the structure of the stomach and indicate changes in the basic alimentary canal structure that aid its digestive function.]
The following describes the stomach's structure: Your stomach's interior lining is called mucosa. Small ridges can be seen in the mucosa of an empty stomach.
The ridges and mucosa flatten and enlarge when your stomach is full. The submucosa is made up of nerve cells, lymphatic vessels, connective tissue, and blood and blood vessels. The mucosa is encased and safeguarded by it.
The main stomach muscle is called the muscularis externa. In order to digest food, its three layers contract and relax. Your stomach's serosa is a layer of membrane. The GI tract's different components each aid in the digestion and passage of food and liquids through the body. Your body absorbs nutrients and water when you're digesting food. Then, through your large intestine, you eliminate the leftovers of digestion.
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many viruses are host specific meaning they only infect a certain type of host. most viruses only infect certain types of cells within tissues. this specificity is called
Most viruses only infect certain types of cells within tissues. This specificity is called tissue tropism.
What is Tissue Tropism?Tissue tropism is defined as the range of cells and tissues of a host which favor the growth of a particular pathogen like virus, bacterium, or parasite. Some bacteria and viruses have a broad tissue tropism which can infect many types of cells and tissues while others can primarily infect one tissue.
It is the ability of a given pathogen to infect a specific location. Organ or tissue tropism defined as the ability of a given pathogen to infect a specific organ or set of organs.
Recognition of the cell surface receptor by the virus particle that determines the host range and tropism of cell and tissue infection is the first step in the virus replication cycle.
Thus, most viruses only infect certain types of cells within tissues. This specificity is called tissue tropism.
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Broadly speaking, how accurate are predictions of an individual’s various characteristics based on their genome sequence?
Answer:
Highly accurate, since the genotype controls the phenotype Not accurate at all, because many traits are complex and because there are unknowns about the environment any individual has been exposed to Somewhere in-between "highly accurate"
Explanation:
do. you think there should be rules or guidelines to determine who gets to use technologies that. change dna or organisms
yes, there should be rules or guidelines to determine who gets to use technologies that change DNA of organisms.
What is the effect of gene editing?Human embryo gene editing may lead to a better knowledge of illness and novel, non-modifying therapies. We might be able to learn more about the causes of disease by studying gene-edited embryonic stem cell lines that either cause or protect against illness.
The Pros of Gene Editing:
Tackling and Defeating DiseasesExtend Lifespan. Growth In Food Production and Its Quality Pest Resilient Crops.The Cons of Gene Editing:
Ethical Dilemma. Safety Concerns.Human genome editing technologies can be used on somatic cells (non-heritable), germ line cells (not for reproduction), and germ line cells (for reproduction).
Application of somatic human genome editing, including in vivo editing, has already been done, for example, to treat HIV and sickle-cell disease. Germ-line gene editing should be prohibited due to the serious dangers it poses to future generations, the weak medical justifications for it, the way it will only serve to exacerbate already existing inequalities and foster new forms of discrimination, the way it will undermine international agreements and the public's confidence in responsible science.
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suppose that the genome of an organism is 23% adenine (a). what should be true about the organism's genome?
If an organism's genome has 23% adenine and 23% thymine, then this is true. DNA, commonly referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid, is a biological molecule that is utilized by living cells to store genetic information.
Four nucleotides—adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine—combine to form DNA's structural building blocks. DNA is a molecule of information. Any organism's DNA should include a 1:1 ratio of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
According to Erwin Chargaff, the proportions of adenine and guanine, or A-T and G-C, correspondingly, to thymine and cytosine, respectively, are comparable in DNA. The DNA of every species and organism should have an adequate proportion of guanine and cytosine as well as adenine and thymine, according to Chargaff's requirements.
This means that if an organism's genome has 23% adenine (A), it must also include 23% thymine (T).
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Which type of inheritance is described here? a mutation in one gene results in heart problems, blurred vision and the inability to digest milk.
A mutation in one gene results in heart problems, blurred vision and the inability to digest milk is Pleiotropy which one gene results in heart problems, blurred vision and the inability to digest milk. Sex-linked traits can be described as a gene on chromosome 2 in mice that can cause males to lose hair earlier than females.
Pleiotropy refers to the expression of multiple traits by a single gene. These expressed features may or may not be related. Pleitropy was first noticed by the geneticist Gregor Mendel, who is known for his famous studies with pea plants. Mendel noticed that the color of a plant's flower (white or purple) was always related to the color of the leaf axil (the area on a plant stem consisting of the angle between the leaf and the top of the stem) and the seed coat.
The study of pleitropic genes is important to genetics because it helps us understand how certain traits are associated with genetic diseases. Pleitropy can be spoken of in different forms: gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, selection pleiotropy, and antagonistic pleiotropy.
This is a condition where one gene in the chromosome affects several traits of the organism. An example of a sex-biased trait is female mice having more hair than males.
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Which of the following statements about viruses with envelopes and viruses without envelopes is true?
a. Viruses with envelopes have two phospholipid bilayer membranes directly surrounding their genome, viruses without envelopes do not have phospholipid membrane
b. Viruses without envelopes have / protein capsid surrounding their genome and then only a single phospholipid layer (not a bilayer)
c. Viruses envelopes have their genetic material enclosed by a layer made only of phospholipids.
d. Both types of viruses have a capsid and phospholipid bilayer membrane; what makes them different from one another is the envelope' created by the different proteins in their respective bilayers.
e. none of the above
a. Viruses with envelopes have two phospholipid bilayer membranes directly surrounding their genome, viruses without envelopes do not have phospholipid membrane
Viruses are composed of two main components: the viral genome (which can be RNA or DNA) and the virus-coded protein capsid that surrounds the genome.
If the virus particle contains only these two elements, it is called a non-enveloped virus. If the virus particle contains an extra lipid bilayer membrane surrounding the protein capsid, it’s called an enveloped virus.
The enveloped viruses are more virulent in nature since they cause cell lysis. Whereas the enveloped ones just enter a protein capsule by fusing with the host cell's lipid bilayer membrane. This makes them less virulent.
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neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic axon terminals into the synaptic cleft by which mechanism?
The neurotransmitters are contained in synaptic vesicles, which are later exocytotically released into the synaptic cleft.
Neurotransmitters mediate neuronal connections with their target tissues throughout the synaptic transmission process (neurotransmission).Nerve terminals create neurotransmitters, which are then released into the synaptic cleft.Neurotransmitters then bind to receptor proteins in the target tissue's cellular membrane. The target tissue that was stimulated, inhibited, or functionally altered in some other way. Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, serotonin, and histamine are a few of the most important neurotransmitters among the more than 40 found in the human nervous system.Your body cannot operate without chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. They are responsible for transporting chemical "messages" from one neuron (nerve cell) to the subsequent target cell. The following target cell may be a gland, muscle, or another nerve cell.Refer here to know more about synaptic:
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what is the role of sequences of three nucleotides in the genetic code? . what is the role of sequences of three nucleotides in the genetic code? . code for one or more bases in mrna signal the end of dna synthesis code for amino acids signal the start of rna synthesis signal the start of dna synthesis
Answer & Explanation:
In the genetic code, sequences of three nucleotides, called codons, serve as the code for amino acids. Each codon represents a specific amino acid, and when these codons are read in the correct order, they specify the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Codons also have other roles in the genetic code, such as signaling the start and end of transcription and translation. For example, the codon AUG signals the start of transcription, while the codon UAG signals the end of translation.
Comprehension work: The nerve endings in your skin can tell you if something is hot or cold. They can also feel if something is hurting you.
Question: Describe two ways in which you show sensitivity.
(best and most informative answer gets brainliets :)
Answer:
1. When touching something hot, such as a hair straightener or a stove your body will react by making you feel pain or a burning sensation making you react by moving your hand/etc.
2. When you fall and sprain/break your wrist/arm/etc your body will tell you something is wrong by feeling pain, discomfort, swelling, etc.
although they occupy less than 1% of the global ocean floor, coral reefs are habitat for more than 50% of marine life. question 17 options: true false
True, although they occupy less than 1% of the global ocean floor, coral reefs are habitat for more than 50% of marine life.
Coral reefs are an undeniably vital a part of the sea. even though these ecosystems most effective occupy zero.01% of the ocean floor, they guide 25% of all marine lifestyles, imparting important habitat for a myriad of fish and invertebrate species.
The style of species residing on a coral reef is greater than in some other shallow-water marine surroundings, making reefs one of the maximum various ecosystems on the planet. protecting less than one percentage of the sea floor, coral reefs assist an predicted 25 percent of all acknowledged marine species.
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What happens to energy at the top of the food web?
Answer:
At the top of the food web, energy is lost as heat through the process of metabolism. The energy that is contained within the food that an organism consumes is used to power the organism's life processes, such as movement, growth, and reproduction. Some of this energy is also used to maintain the organism's body temperature, and the rest is lost as heat. In this way, energy is passed from one organism to another as it moves up the food web, with each organism taking in energy from the organism below it and losing some of that energy as heat. At the top of the food web, there is a relatively small number of organisms, and therefore the amount of energy that is available to them is limited. As a result, top predators tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, which helps them to conserve energy.
The food web in an ecosystem is a network of interconnected food chains that demonstrates the relationships between species' sources of nutrition.
Species classified as apex predators, which are typically carnivorous animals that prey on other animals, are found at the top of the food chain. These species are crucial in controlling the populations of other species in the ecosystem and preserving the stability of the food chain. The energy that travels down the food chain is ultimately produced by the sun and transformed by plants into chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis.
Energy moves up the food chain and is eventually ingested by apex predators as plants are consumed by herbivores and herbivores are digested by carnivores. When apex predators perish, their energy is subsequently transferred back into the ecosystem through the process of decomposition, which disintegrates their corpses and replenishes the environment with nutrients.
In this way, the energy that moves through the food web is continuously utilized and recycled, ensuring the ecosystem's sustained health and balance.
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the linking together of many molecules of glucose will likely produce in the formation of what?
Answer:
When many glucose molecules are linked together in a long chain, molecules called polysaccharides are formed
polysaccharides (many sugars)
what makes carbohydrates
Answer:
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio
a chemical called endogenous pyrogens may be released from lymphocytes that are responding to a pathogen. what does this compound cause? multiple choice fever activation of nk cells antibody production inflammation
This compound causes fever. Option A.
The main function of the thymus is to train specialized white blood cells called T lymphocytes or T cells. White blood cells migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus. Lymphocytes mature and become specialized T cells in the thymus and are bound by specific antibodies that the immune system produces against them.
Lymphatic occlusion is the blockage of lymphatic vessels that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body and allow immune cells to reach where they are needed. Blockage of lymphatic vessels can cause lymphedema, which is swelling due to blockage of the lymphatic system. Antigens are foreign substances that can provoke an immune response in the body.
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How would you describe the difference in the motion of the skier from when he starts at the top of the slope to when he is halfway down the hill?
A skier starts at the top of a hill with of potential energy. At the bottom of the hill, she has only of kinetic energy, this is the difference in the motion of the skier from when he starts at the top of the slope to when he is halfway down the hill.
What is potential energy?Potential energy is a type of stored energy that depends on the interactions of various system elements. The potential energy of a spring rises when it is compressed or expanded. If a steel ball is lifted above the ground as opposed to falling to the ground, it has higher potential energy.
Any item that is raised from rest has an energy that may be released at a later time; for this reason, it is referred to as potential energy.
Examples include elevating an item, stretching a spring, and using a battery. The two major forms of energy are potential and kinetic.
Potential energy is lost and kinetic energy, or the energy of motion, is acquired as the skier starts the ascent down the slope. The skier increases speed as he loses height.
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true or false? parasympathetic rebound occurs as a result of decreased levels of epinephrine secreted from the adrenal medulla.
True. parasympathetic rebound occurs as a result of decreased levels of epinephrine secreted from the adrenal medulla.
The parasympathetic nervous system's delayed (over-)reaction is known as parasympathetic rebound. Throughout intense and/or chronic stress the contrary sympathetic nervous system through the use of the hormones cortisol and catecholamines (like adrenaline) represses the parasympathetic actions.
The sympathetic nervous system generates and conveys yin energy by relaxing the operating of affiliated organs. Acetylcholine from the adrenal medulla stimulates the release of adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, and noradrenaline, also known as norepinephrine.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE) are released into the bloodstream by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine in the bloodstream stimulates breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and vasoconstriction, as well as widening bronchioles in the lungs. More blood is directed to the muscles, heart, and other vital organs as a result of these changes.
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the n u r s e knows that which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid volume and osmolality? a. liver b. kidneys c. blood vessels d. heart
The kidneys are responsible for maintaining and regulating volume and osmolality.
By adjusting the quantity of sodium and water ejected, the kidneys, in coordination with neurological and endocrine input, control the volume and osmolality of the extracellular fluid. By continuously filtering the blood, the kidneys control the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. This is essential to keep the volume and make-up of osmolality extracellular fluid consistent. This is generally done through modifying salt and water reabsorption, the methods of which vary depending on the segment of the nephron. kidneys adjusting the quantity of sodium and water ejected, the extracellular fluid's volume and osmolality are controlled.
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Diatoms are one of the most common types of phytoplankton in marine habitats. Like plants, diatoms contain chlorophyll and produce glucose from which of the following? Select all that apply.
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide
- ATP
- Water
- Sunlight
- Glucose
Carbon dioxide and the sun In maritime settings, diatoms are among the most prevalent phytoplankton species. Chlorophyll and glucose are both found in diatoms, much like in plants.
The right answer is D and B.
What makes glucose and has chlorophyll in it?Chlorophyll and other pigments that are light-sensitive and absorb solar energy are found in photosynthetic cells. Such cells have the capacity to transform solar energy into organic molecules with high energy content, such glucose, in the presence of carbon dioxide.
Which of the following provides the energy required for respiration and the energy accumulated during photosynthesis?During photosynthesis, plants employ light energy to create food molecules, and during cellular respiration, they get energy from the bonds of these food molecules.
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an anatomy student dissecting a cadaver notices a cranial nerve extending to the thoracic region. what specific cranial nerve is observed?
The cranial nerve CN X (Vagus nerve) is observable.
The vagus nerve (CN X) is the longest of the cranial nerves and the only one that exits the head and neck region. The vagus nerve travels into the thoracic and abdominal cavities, supplying visceral organs with parasympathetic supply.
A network of cranial nerves transmits electrical signals from your brain to various parts of your neck, head, and torso. These signals assist you in smelling, tasting, hearing, and moving your facial muscles. The cranial nerves start at the back of your head. They are an important component of your nervous system.
The cranial nerves are a group of 12 paired nerves located in the back of the brain. Cranial nerves transmit electrical signals from your brain to your face, neck, and torso. Your cranial nerves assist you in tasting, smelling, hearing, and feeling sensations. They also assist you in making facial expressions, blinking your eyes, and moving your tongue.
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What creates the boundaries for the distribution of a trait within a population?
The variation and distribution of traits in a population depend on genetic and environmental factors.
Different traits can be introduced into an organism by genetic variations that alter gene activity or protein function. If a trait is beneficial and aids an individual's survival and reproduction, the genetic variation is more likely to be passed down to the next generation.
Mutations create new alleles over time, resulting in genetic diversity. Mixing alleles from parents results in new allele combinations in their children. Bacteria and other organisms that can clone themselves can pass on alleles to each other.
Each genotype in a population has a different fitness for that specific environment. In other words, certain genotypes will be preferred, and people with those genotypes will continue to reproduce. Other genotypes will be discouraged: people with those genotypes are less likely to reproduce.
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Phytochemicals are found in all protein-rich foods, including chicken, eggs, and fish.a. Trueb. False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
using information from the morgan's experiments, what fruit flies (genotypes and phenotypes) would you mate to determine the sequence of the body-color, wing-size, and eye-color genes on the chromosome?
6%. Recessive homozygote with vestiges of wings and purple eyes, wild type (heterozygous for regular wings and red eyes).
Morgan concluded that this eye colour gene is found on the X and that there is no comparable locus on the Chromosome 7 since the recessive trait—white eyes—was manifested only in men in the F2 generation. A fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster's sex is identified in the manner described below: When XX and XY chromosomes are combined, a female is produced.6%. Recessive homozygote with vestiges of wings and purple eyes, wild type (heterozygous for regular wings and red eyes). Due to the distance between A and B, 50% of the children produced by crossover will have recombinant phenotypes. The significant production of recombinants suggests that the genetics are not related, according to the data. For the F2 plants, there are 50 each of the blue-round and white-oval recombinants and 450 each of the blue-oval and white-round parentals.
(In another cross, a wild-type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body color and red eyes) is mated with a black fruit fly with purple eyes. The offspring are as follows: wild type, 721; black-purple, 751; gray-purple, 49; black-red, 45. What is the recombination frequency between these genes for body color and eye color? Using information from problem 4, what fruit flies (genotypes and phenotypes) would you mate to determine the sequence of the body-color, wing-size, and eye-color genes on the chromosome?)
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how many of these mutations are conservative, in the sense that an arg codon is changed to a functionally similar lys codon? express your answer as an integer.
Three nucleotide bases called codons are used to encode an amino acid or signal at the start or finish of protein production. An amino acid is represented in the genetic code by 3 nucleotides, whereas there are only 4 bases.
Proteins are constructed from a set of 20 amino acids in a variety of configurations. For every four nucleotides and 20 amino acids, there are 64 potential codon configurations, provided that at least three bases are present.
Given the genetic code's degeneracy, numerous codons encoding the same amino acid are not required because the genetic code carries more information. As there are three base pairs each codon and three DNA base pairs every base pair, there are nine potential substitutions for each DNA base pair.
for arginine, including 6 codons 6×9= 54
∴ There could be 54 mutations for the 6 arginine codons.
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what is a temporary postponement or reduction of payments when you are experiencing financial difficulty called?
Forbearance is the phrase used to describe the temporary deferral of debt payments, usually for a mortgage or school loan.
What is forbearance?Instead of putting a borrower at risk of foreclosure or default, a lender may provide a borrower forbearance, which is a temporary delay of loan payments. The borrower and the lender bargain over the details of a forbearance arrangement.
What are the Guidelines for Requesting Forbearance?To request a deferment on their mortgages or student loans, borrowers can get in touch with their lenders or loan servicers. They will often need to provide evidence of a need to defer payments, such as financial hardship brought on by a serious illness or loss of employment. Lenders have a lot of freedom when selecting whether or not to grant assistance and how much, when forbearance agreements are negotiated. Successful borrowers are more likely to have a history of timely payments.
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what is the primary substance contained in the inorganic portion of bone tissue? magnesium magnesium calcium phosphate calcium phosphate collagen collagen iron
Collagen is the primary substance contained in the inorganic portion of bone tissue
The primary structural protein in the extracellular matrix that makes up the many connective tissues of the body is collagen. It makes up between 25% and 35% of the protein in a mammal's entire body and is the basic building block of connective tissue. The collagen helix, a triple helix of an extended fibril made of amino acids, is what makes up collagen. It is mostly present in connective tissue, which includes skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and bones.
The main crystalline hydroxyapatite component of the inorganic component is: [Ca3(PO4)2] 3Ca(OH) 2. Type I collagen, which makes up more than 90% of the organic component of bone, has more than 30 different proteins.
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The variability in marine salinity between habitats does not impact the fish living there.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
T
F
The variability in marine salinity between habitats does not impact the fish living there. The given statement is true.
What is the variability in marine salinity?
The variability in marine salinity between habitats will have an impact on the fish living there as the change in the salt level can affect fish life cycle. It depends on the salt tolerance levels of fish. Fishes which adapt to the change salt conditions will survive.
Since water is generally shallow, photosynthetic processes are possible for marine life which attracts more organisms to their primary food sources. Since the land is near shallow waters, discharges of nutrients from the soil.
Therefore, The variability in marine salinity between habitats does not impact the fish living there. The given statement is true.
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which pathophysiologic event is associated woth left ventricular failure when te renin angiotensin aldosterone system is activated
Vasoconstriction is the pathophysiologic event that is associated woth left ventricular failure when te renin angiotensin aldosterone system is activated.
Early in the course of heart failure, the RAAS is engaged as a compensatory mechanism, but as the condition worsens, it takes on a harmful function and is in charge of the elevated preload and afterload that characterise clinical heart failure syndrome.
The narrowing (constriction) of blood arteries by tiny muscles in their walls is known as vasoconstriction. As blood arteries close, blood flow is slowed or stopped. Vasoconstriction can range from mild to severe. It might be brought on by a sickness, medication, or psychological issues.
To keep your blood flowing normally and prevent your body from being too chilly, vasoconstriction is necessary. When necessary, it can also cause a rise in blood pressure. Some drugs mimic your body's natural impulses to restrict your blood vessels.
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Krebs, digestive and respiratory system 40 points!!!!!
One molecule of glucose and two molecules of ATP are the reactants of glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration (adenosine triphosphate). The energy needed for the reaction to happen is provided by the ATP molecules.
What particular byproducts result from the process of glycolysis?Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis under aerobic conditions, and lactate under anaerobic conditions. In order to create more energy, pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle.
What is the name of the glycolysis process?Glycolysis is the initial phase of cellular respiration, which occurs in all living things. During aerobic respiration, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle. As fermentation comes after glycolysis, a small quantity of ATP is created by the cells in the absence of oxygen.
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6.) How is "lock and key" used to describe the action of enzymes? (1 point)
Enzymes are able to create gaps in cell walls that allow reactants to enter cells.
Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the reactants, like a key in a lock.
Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the products, like a key in a lock.
Enzymes are able to create gaps in cell walls that allow products to leave cells.
Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the reactants, like a key in a lock used to describe the action of enzymes.
What are the features of enzymes?Enzymes are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies. They build some substances and break others down.
Moreover, enzymes are proteins comprised of amino acids linked together in one or more polypeptide chains. This sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is called the primary structure.
All biological reactions within human cells depend on enzymes. Their power as catalysts enables biological reactions to occur usually in milliseconds.
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