what is the official retirement age, according to the us government?

Taken together, the two sources best illustrate in order to administer the affairs of distant regions, rulers used local administrative institutions of the following aspects of political authority in the period circa 600 bce to 600 ce. The correct option is B.

Some of the most important world belief systems emerged between 600 BCE and 600 CE. Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism were just a few of the influential philosophical movements that emerged in ancient China during the Era of Warring States. As some of the rulers (some of whom were regarded as divine) used religion, along with military and legal institutions, to justify their rule and ensure its continuation, religious and political authority frequently merged.

The Jewish-Babylonian War between the Kingdom of Judah and Babylonia starts in 601 BC. The Greco-Punic Wars begin in 600 BC when Greeks from Phocaea establish Marseille after defeating the Carthaginians in a naval conflict. The Satrapy of Armenia is established in 600 BC. Capua is founded in 600 BC. The correct option is B.

The question is incomplete, complete question will be "Taken together, the two sources best illustrate which of the following aspects of political authority in the period circa 600 B.C.E.-600 C.E.?

(A)Rulers claimed to rule by virtue of having the approval and support of the gods.

(B) Rulers used local administrative institutions to manage the affairs of far-flung regions.

(C) Rulers relied on the consent of the governed to prevent religious conflicts.

(D)Rulers’ ability to set policies and resolve conflicts was limited by existing legal codes and precedents."

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Every vehicle operated on state roadways must be covered by insurance through a company that is authorized to do business in the state.

This insurance coverage is mandated to ensure that drivers are financially responsible in case of accidents or damage caused to others. The minimum insurance coverage required varies by state, but typically includes liability coverage, which covers the cost of damages or injuries caused by the insured driver to others. Some states may also require additional coverage such as personal injury protection or uninsured motorist coverage. It is important for drivers to obtain the required insurance coverage to avoid legal and financial consequences, such as fines, license suspension, or even lawsuits.

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Acts as leader of departments within the executive branch called by Cabinet Secretaries.

The heads of departments within the executive branch are generally called as the cabinet secretaries or simply secretaries. These individuals are appointed by the President of the United States and are responsible for overseeing and managing their respective departments, which include agencies, bureaus, and other offices that are part of the federal government. There are currently 15 Cabinet-level departments in the United States government, each led by a Secretary who is responsible for implementing the policies and programs of the President and Congress within their specific area of responsibility.

Therefore, the cabinet secretaries or simply secretaries are the people who leads the departments within the executive branch.

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It was in 2015 that the dominant idea about resilience was that communities are responsible for child resilience.

The dominant idea about resilience was that it is a process of adaptation that occurs within the context of a community. This includes supportive relationships, safe and nurturing environments, and access to resources. It also states the importance of social and environmental conditions in the development of child resilience. By providing the necessary resources and support, communities can play an important role in helping children develop the skills, knowledge, and confidence necessary to cope with challenges and setbacks. Through this children can develop resilience and the ability to bounce back from adversity.

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William Sheldon's attempt to link physical appearance to delinquency was highly controversial and has been largely discredited by modern research.

Sheldon believed that there would be differences between the somatotypes (body types) of delinquents and non-delinquents, and he identified three somatotypes: Endomorph, Mesomorph, and Ectomorph. He claimed that individuals with mesomorphic body structures were more likely to be delinquent because he believed body structure influenced an individual's temperament, and mesomorphs were more aggressive and assertive than other body types. However, modern research has not found a significant link between body type and criminal behavior, and many researchers have criticized Sheldon's methods and conclusions as biased and unscientific.

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State legislatures define offenses and set punishments for their states and authorize local governing bodies to enact ordinances defining minor offenses and setting penalties.

An ordinance is a local law, passed by a city, county, or other local government body.

Ordinances usually address minor issues such as noise control, zoning, street parking, and other issues of local concern. These ordinances define offenses and set punishments that are usually less severe than those set by state legislatures.

Furthermore, local governing bodies may also be authorized to pass ordinances that can be enforced within their jurisdiction. This allows them to define minor offenses and set penalties, allowing them to maintain order within their local area.

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The Supreme Court's decision in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) strengthened the constitutional principle of judicial review.

In this landmark case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) , Chief Justice John Marshall and the Supreme Court held that the Court has the power to declare acts of Congress as unconstitutional. This decision established the principle of judicial review in this case , which is the power of the federal courts to determine the constitutionality of laws and executive actions.

By establishing the principle of judicial review, the Supreme Court upheld  its authority as an equal branch of government and established an important control and check on the power of the other branches. This decision also helped to establish the role of the Supreme Court as the final arbiter of constitutional questions in the United States.

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"Two possible strategies that the government could have put into place to ensure greater accountability within their ranks during the pandemic are-

1. Government needed to offer transparency

2. issue a state of emergency."

Various actions were taken by the Central Ministries along with States/UTs in terms of strengthened community surveil-lance, quarantine facilities, isolation wards, adequate PPEs, trained man-power, rapid response teams for manage-ment of pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic sent shock waves through the world economy & set off the biggest world economic crisis in more than a century. The crisis led to a striking rise in inequality within & across countries.

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Answer:

Individualizing evidence is evidence that can be linked to a specific person or thing, such as DNA or fingerprints. Associative evidence is evidence that does not have a direct link to a specific person or thing, but can be used to make connections or draw inferences, such as a witness testimony or surveillance footage. The main difference is that individualizing evidence can provide more direct and conclusive proof of a person's involvement, while associative evidence requires more interpretation and analysis to draw conclusions.

Explanation:

They serve within the civilian government to protect citizens and enforce laws, while the military is a separate institution tasked with defending the nation against external threats. The implications of this difference for using a quasi-military style of policing are that police must act within the bounds of the laws they are enforcing as well as abide by citizens' rights, while military forces operate with fewer restrictions when they are engaged in warfare.

There are two ways in which the police are distinct from the military: their function and their structure. Functions:While the police are responsible for maintaining law and order within the country, the military is responsible for protecting it from external threats. The police's primary goal is to maintain social order by upholding the law and assisting citizens.

The military's goal is to protect the country's security, sovereignty, and integrity by combating external threats. Structure: The police have a decentralised organisational structure, while the military has a centralized structure. Police organizations are localized, meaning they have authority within their own jurisdictions, such as towns, counties, or cities. The military, on the other hand, is a centrally organized organization with power and authority that spans the entire country. Implications:

The quasi-military policing style entails a greater focus on maintaining order and imposing discipline, which may result in the militarisation of policing, which can be problematic in a democratic society. The following are some of the implications of using a quasi-military policing style: Increased risk of violence: The militarization of the police has been linked to an increased risk of violence and aggression against civilians.

The use of military tactics and equipment by the police is often seen as hostile and intimidating by the community it serves.Lack of accountability: The militarization of the police can result in a lack of accountability for their actions. When the police are given a lot of power and authority, they can become difficult to control or manage, resulting in a lack of accountability for their actions. Undermines democracy:

A militarized police force has the potential to undermine democracy. A democracy relies on a police force that is fair, equitable, and accountable to its citizens. When the police become militarized, they become less accountable to the public, making it more difficult for the government to ensure that they are acting in the public's best interests.

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A collection of legal documents known as California real estate disclosure forms gives details regarding the state of a property that is up for sale or lease in the state of California.

According to California law, sellers are only required to report existing flaws; they are not required to look for further issues or hire a professional inspector to look over the property.

The Required Disclosure or Mandatory Disclosure clause outlines the conditions under which a party may divulge private information when forced to do so by a court or other government entity.

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Question:

What California real estate disclosure forms are required to be filled out by sellers and/or their agents when selling a residential property, and what information do they typically include?

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the oblique effect. (B)

The oblique effect is the phenomena that humans have more trouble perceiving stimuli that aren't straight up and down or side to side. The oblique effect is a phenomenon in perception science in which vertical and horizontal orientations are more quickly and accurately detected than oblique orientations.(B)

he oblique effect has been shown to be sensitive to many factors, including task, age, and visual experience. However, the origin of the oblique effect remains unknown.

In neuroscience, the oblique effect is described as the over-representation of vertical and horizontal orientations and a decrease in response to oblique orientations in cortical neurons.

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The sanction imposed on adjudicated delinquents in order to prevent them from continuing to commit delinquent acts in the future is probation.

Probation is defined as the court-ordered conditional release of a convicted offender who, by obeying specific conditions of behavior, can avoid imprisonment. The primary objective of probation is to assist in the rehabilitation of the delinquent while also safeguarding society by enforcing court orders.

Probation allows the offender to live and work in the community while adhering to certain conditions. The conditions of probation are typically tailored to the offender's circumstances and the severity of the offense.

A probationer who violates the conditions of probation, such as by committing a new offense or failing to report to the probation officer, may have his or her probation revoked and be incarcerated. The objective of probation is to keep delinquents out of jail and to encourage them to reintegrate into society as responsible members.

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Values are important and not just abstract concepts for these men who argue that concepts such as individual freedom and democracy are so important, they are worth fighting for.

Individual freedom and democracy are two important factors of human society and are often the basis for how a society organizes itself and governs its people. Individual freedom gives people the right to decide for themselves to make choices without interference while democracy is a form of government in which the people have the right to choose their own leaders and make decisions about how their society is run. Hence these men wanted to argue that individuals must be willing to fight for these principles in order to ensure that their society is just, fair, and equal.

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complete question: For jake and Tyron, U.S. army veterans, _______ are not just abstract concepts. These men argue that concepts such as individual freedom and democracy are so important, they are worth fighting for.

The decision in Miranda v. Arizona required the police to read suspects their Miranda warnings when a suspect is in custody and prior to questioning.

The Miranda warnings are a set of statements that inform a suspect of their constitutional rights, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.

The purpose of these warnings is to ensure that suspects understand their rights and to protect them from self-incrimination during custodial interrogations.

Failure to read Miranda warnings to a suspect prior to questioning can result in the suppression of any statements or confessions made during the interrogation in court.

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Answer:

When conducting a scene assessment, several important components and considerations should be taken into account, including safety, preservation of evidence, documentation, interviews, reconstruction, analysis, and collaboration. Thorough attention to detail, effective communication, and a commitment to preserving evidence and reconstructing the events that occurred are essential for a successful investigation.

Explanation:

When conducting a scene assessment, there are several components to consider in order to ensure a thorough and accurate investigation. Although every crime scene is unique, the following are some of the most important components and considerations:

Safety: The safety of all individuals involved in the investigation should be the top priority. This includes law enforcement officers, first responders, and any potential witnesses. The scene should be secured, and any potential hazards should be identified and addressed.

Preservation of evidence: All potential evidence should be identified and preserved. This includes physical evidence such as fingerprints, DNA, and trace evidence, as well as any potential digital evidence such as surveillance footage or electronic communication records.

Documentation: Detailed documentation of the scene is essential in order to accurately reconstruct the events that occurred. This includes taking photographs, sketching the layout of the scene, and taking detailed notes.

Interviews: Any potential witnesses or individuals with information related to the crime should be interviewed. This can help to provide additional information and context to the investigation.

Reconstruction: The scene should be reconstructed in order to determine how the crime occurred. This can involve examining the physical evidence and interviewing witnesses in order to develop a clear timeline of events.

Analysis: All evidence and information gathered at the scene should be analyzed in order to determine potential suspects and motives. This can involve reviewing surveillance footage, conducting background checks on potential suspects, and collaborating with other law enforcement agencies.

Collaboration: Effective collaboration between all parties involved in the investigation is essential in order to ensure a thorough and accurate investigation. This can involve working with other law enforcement agencies, forensic specialists, and prosecutors.

Overall, conducting a thorough scene assessment involves careful attention to detail, effective communication and collaboration, and a commitment to preserving evidence and reconstructing the events that occurred.

A successful scene assessment at a crime scene is fundamentally based on three components - preservation of the scene, documentation, and evidence collection. Other factors like type of crime, time, location, witnesses, and environmental conditions are also considered. Every crime scene is unique requiring a distinctive assessment approach, albeit the basic components stay consistent.

Conducting a scene assessment at a crime scene is a meticulous and deliberate process that requires a systematic approach. The primary components considered when doing a scene assessment include the preservation of the crime scene, thorough documentation, and evidence collection.

Preservation of the crime scene is crucial to avoid contamination or loss of evidence. This may involve cordoning off the area and controlling who has access to the crime scene. Documentation plays a central role in a scene assessment. This can include photographs, sketches, and detailed notes about the condition of the scene and the positions of evidence. Evidence collection involves identifying, recording, marking, packaging, and transporting evidence to preserve its integrity for lab analysis and possibly, use in court proceedings.

Apart from these core components, a scene assessment also takes into account other factors such as the time of the crime, location, any witnesses, type of crime committed, and environmental conditions. Each crime scene is unique, and as such, requires a unique approach for its assessment, but the components remain fundamentally consistent across all investigations.

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Highlighting and underlining are great tools for emphasizing certain points in written material. In this instance, additional reasons outlined to support the lifelong tenure of a federal judge/judge can be emphasized by highlighting or underlining them.

The lifelong tenure of a federal judge/judge is an important concept in the United States justice system. There are a number of reasons why it is beneficial to keep a federal judge in place for their entire career, including experience, consistency, and continuity. The experience a judge gains through decades of decisions helps them to better understand the relevant laws, precedents, and the people appearing before them.

Additionally, consistency in the federal courts helps to provide equal justice for all. A judge who is consistent in their decisions and rulings provides a greater level of security for those subject to their court. The continuity of judicial personnel ensures that the decisions made in the courtroom are uniform and consistent. All of these factors come together to create a more effective and efficient justice system. Highlighting and underlining these reasons in written material is an excellent way to ensure they are properly emphasized.

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The given statement "prisons are violent mainly because they house large numbers of people who disobey social norms." is true because of diversity of inmates with varied criminal backgrounds in penitentiaries.

Due to the diversity of inmates with different criminal histories in prisons, prison violence occurs frequently. Inmate on inmate, inmate on guard (and vice versa), and self-inflicted are the three distinct types of attacks.

These carveouts undermine the impact of otherwise well-designed policies because more than 40% of those incarcerated and detained are there for "violent" offenses. Physical violence is the most prevalent type of violence in the prison system. Sexual violence is another prevalent type of violence in this setting.

In addition to adding to their trauma and exposure to violence, it also reinforces their disadvantage and fuels more crime and social harm. Additionally, the prison does very little to address the root causes of crime in communities.

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Later, Cad has second thoughts and files a lawsuit against Zed to recover his car. A court would likely direct Cad to request equitable relief when the law is unable to provide a monetary judgment.

A lawsuit is a legal action in which a person sues another person or entity to resolve a dispute. When one person files a lawsuit against another, it means that they believe they have been harmed by that person, and they are seeking legal remedies to hold the other person responsible for the damages.

This usually takes the form of a monetary award. The following are the most frequent forms of relief sought in civil litigation: Compensatory damages are damages awarded to the plaintiff to reimburse them for the actual financial loss incurred as a result of the defendant's misconduct. The main goal is to compensate the victim and restore them to the same position they were in before the wrongdoing occurred.

Punitive damages are monetary awards paid by a defendant to a plaintiff to punish them for outrageous or harmful behavior. They are not awarded in every case and are used to deter future similar behavior.  Equitable relief: A court directs a person to do something, refrain from doing something, or change the way they are behaving.

This type of relief is normally used when the law is unable to provide a monetary judgment, and a court directs a party to seek equitable relief. Therefore, in the given case, A court would likely direct Cad to request equitable relief when the law is unable to provide a monetary judgment.

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True. In 2020, former Nissan Motor Co. Chairman Carlos Ghosn was sentenced to more than four years in prison and ordered to pay a $6.5 million fine for financial misconduct during his time leading the company.

Ghosn was accused of underreporting his compensation and misusing company funds for personal gain.

The case against Ghosn was a high-profile example of corporate leaders being held accountable for their actions, and it drew attention to the growing trend of increased enforcement of corporate governance laws around the world. The case also highlighted the importance of transparency and accountability in corporate leadership, and the need for companies to have strong systems in place to detect and prevent financial misconduct.

Overall, the case against Ghosn is a powerful reminder that corporate directors and officers can face serious consequences for their actions, including jail time, fines, and damage to their reputations. This underscores the importance of strong corporate governance practices and a culture of ethical behavior throughout organizations at all levels.

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The four sources of law in the US legal system are constitutional law, statutory law, administrative law, and common law.

constitutional law- The term "constitutional law" describes the body of legislation derived from the US Constitution. It lays out fundamental rights establishes the governing structure and principles and serves as the foundation for additional legislation.

Statutory Law: At the federal, state and local levels legislative bodies enact statutes. These laws which deal with issues like criminal offenses, civil rights, taxation and regulations are passed through the legislative process.

Administrative Law: Administrative agencies enact administrative laws in order to carry out and uphold statutory laws. To regulate particular businesses, occupations or areas of public interest, these agencies have the power to issue rules, regulations and directives.

Common Law: The legal precepts and precedents established by judicial decisions are referred to as common law. It is used in situations where there is no specific statute or regulation and is based on judicial interpretations of statutory and constitutional law. The accumulation of legal precedents over time is how common law develops.

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Yes, Ministers who fail to answer questions in Parliament will face a public reprimand in the House.

The federal court system in the United States is responsible for interpreting and enforcing federal laws and the US Constitution.

It is composed of various levels of courts, including district courts, appellate courts, and the Supreme Court. The federal court system has exclusive jurisdiction over certain types of cases, meaning that only federal courts can hear and decide these cases. However, there are some types of cases that do not fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal courts.

One type of case that does not fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal courts is state law cases. State law cases involve legal disputes that arise under state law and are generally heard in state courts. Examples of state law cases include contract disputes, family law matters, and criminal cases involving violations of state law.

Another type of case that does not fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal courts is cases involving small claims. Small claims courts are state courts that handle disputes involving small amounts of money, usually under $5,000. These courts are designed to be accessible to individuals who cannot afford to hire an attorney and are generally less formal than other courts.

Cases involving violations of local ordinances and zoning laws also generally fall under the jurisdiction of state or local courts, rather than federal courts. These cases involve disputes over issues such as property use, building codes, and noise violations.

In summary, while the federal court system has exclusive jurisdiction over many types of cases, including cases involving federal law, constitutional issues, and disputes between states, there are certain types of cases that fall outside of its jurisdiction. State law cases, small claims cases, and cases involving violations of local ordinances and zoning laws are typically heard in state or local courts.

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The defendant in a product liability case based on strict liability could argue that the user was careless or misused the product to limit the dollar amount of the damages awarded to the plaintiff. Hence, Option c is the correct.

Product liability is a legal term used to describe the liability of manufacturers and sellers for injuries caused by a product's design, production, and marketing. There are three theories under which a plaintiff can bring a product liability lawsuit: negligence, breach of warranty, and strict liability.

In a product liability case based on strict liability, the defendant might claim that the plaintiff was careless or misused the product. This can be argued to reduce the amount of damages awarded to the plaintiff.

Strict liability is a legal doctrine that imposes liability on a party without requiring proof of fault. In product liability cases, it means that a manufacturer or seller is strictly liable for any injuries caused by a defective product, regardless of whether they were negligent or not.

Hence, Option c is the correct.

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True because According to Heckscher and Ohlin, each country has certain resources, such as land, labor, and capital, that are used in the production of goods and services.

These resources are known as a country’s endowments. This theory suggests that a country has a comparative advantage in producing goods and services that require a relatively larger amount of a particular resource.

For example, if a country has a large amount of land, it can have a comparative advantage in producing goods that require a lot of land (e.g. agricultural goods).

Similarly, if a country has a large amount of labor, it can have a comparative advantage in producing goods that require a lot of labor (e.g. manufactured goods).

The concept of endowments and comparative advantage helps explain why certain countries specialize in certain types of production.

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The rapid growth of urban areas has resulted in many challenges, one of which is the increasing proximity between people and wild animals.

As cities expand and new suburbs are built, they often encroach on the habitats of wild animals. As a result, animals such as deer, coyotes, and raccoons are often found living in close proximity to humans. This can be particularly problematic for both people and animals. Wild animals can be a threat to human safety, particularly if they become aggressive or attack humans. On the other hand, people can also be a threat to wild animals, either intentionally or unintentionally.

For example, they may kill animals that they perceive as pests or encroach on their habitats. Moreover, the increasing proximity between people and wild animals can also increase the spread of diseases. Overall, it is crucial for policymakers to find ways to balance the needs of humans and wild animals in urban areas to minimize potential conflicts and protect both groups.

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The extent that a gas will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas in accordance with henry's law.

The pressure over the solutions at a given temperature directly correlates to the solubility of gas in liquid. Henry's law, which is mathematically expressed as m=KP, states that this is the case. The mass of the gas dissolved in the solvent at this point is denoted by the symbol m. K is the Henry law constant, and P is the pressure at which the gas and solvent are in equilibrium.

The quantity of dissolved gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid, according to Henry's law, which is a gas law. Henry's law constant is the name of the proportionality constant.

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The political ideology being appealed to by President Johnson in the Great Society speech is liberalism.

President Johnson's speech promoting the "Great Society" is appealing to a political ideology of liberalism. Liberalism is a political philosophy that emphasizes individual freedom, equality, and social justice, and advocates for government intervention to promote these values.

In the context of the Great Society, Johnson's speech outlines a vision for a society in which all citizens have access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, and where poverty and discrimination are eliminated.

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The missing part of the question references the Great Society speech by President Johnson.

Authority often provides both permission to do something as well as providing guidance and limitations on how it should be done. - True

The power that is acknowledged as legitimate is called authority. The authority to issue and carry out commands. The faculty is in charge of making choices and carrying them out. Those who have earned the right to do so may exercise authority. Authority may give both approval and direction over what should be done.

Individuals or organizations frequently get permission to carry out certain duties or make specific choices, but they are also required to abide by specific rules or restrictions when doing so. Any principal who is a party to the transaction papers has the necessary power and authority to execute and deliver them, as well as to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby to be carried out by that principle.

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