No, the activation energy for a forward reaction is not equal to the activation energy for the reverse of the same reaction.
In order for compounds to undergo a chemical reaction, a certain amount of energy is required, known as the activation energy. The unit of measurement for a reaction's activation energy (Ea) is either joules per mole (J/mol), kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol), or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). You can think of activation energy as the size of the potential barrier between the minima of the potential energy surface related to the initial and final thermodynamic states, which is also referred to as the energy barrier. If the system temperature is high enough, there should be a sizable number of molecules with translational energies that are equal to or higher than the activation energies.
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A uniform plane wave with parallel polarization is propagating in a lossless dielectric medium (l is € 1), and is incident obliquely onto a plane boundary with another lossless dielectric medium (u 2, E 2). (30%) (a) Derive the Snell's laws of reflection and refraction in terms of the refractive indices and angles. (b) Derive the general expressions for the reflection and the transmission coefficients of the EM field. Find such expressions in terms of the refractive indices if both media are nonmagnetic, i.e., M F M 240. (c) Derive the general expression for the Brewster angle. Find such an expression in terms of the refractive indices if both media are nonmagnetic. (d) Prove that, under the condition of no reflection, the sum of the Brewster angle and the angle of refraction is 90° if both media are nonmagnetic. (e) For total reflection to occur, find the condition for the medium property and the critical angle.
Transmission coefficients are used in physics and electrical engineering when considering wave propagation in discontinuous media. The snells law is n₁sinθ1 = n₂sinθ2
The transmission coefficient describes the amplitude intensity or total power of the transmitted wave relative to the incident wave. The transmission coefficient is defined as the ratio of the transmitted particle flux to the incident particle flux and depends on the incident energy.
The sum of the reflected and transmitted energy must equal the total incident energy, so the transmission coefficient is calculated simply by subtracting the reflection coefficient. The ratio of the reflected wave amplitude to the incident wave amplitude is called the reflection coefficient.
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a concentration of 400 ppm is the safe soil lead concentration threshold. the scientist used method a and found the soil sample had a lead concentration of 1358 ppm. write a conclusion about the lead concentrations in this sample of soil. in your conclusion include one recommendation from the table.
The lead pollution can be remediated by the appllication of the approppiate reagents.
What is the recommendation?We know that we need to always consider the threshold concentration of pollution as we are looking at the safety of the environment
Now we are told that the safe concentration of the lead must not be more than 400 ppm. Above that concentration, the effects may be quiet fatal.
There should be spirited attempts to remediate the soil by the use different methods so that the soil can become good again for the growing of crops.
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aphasia
Due to an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is most likely to experience:
Due to an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is most likely to experience: aphasia.
Aphasia is the inability to understand or form language due to damage to certain areas of the brain The main causes are stroke and head trauma. Although the prevalence is difficult to determine, aphasia due to stroke is estimated at 0.1-0.4% in the Global North. Aphasia can also be the result of a brain tumor, brain infection, or neurodegenerative disease (such as dementia).
To be diagnosed with aphasia, communication after an acquired brain injury Speech or language must be significantly impaired in one (or more) of the four aspects of Alternatively, in the case of progressive aphasia, it must have decreased significantly over a short period of time. The four dimensions of communication are auditory comprehension, verbal expression, reading and writing, and functional communication.
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For a particular nonlinear spring, the relationship betweem the magnitude of the applied force F and the resultant displacement x from equilibrium is given by the equation F = k x^2 What is the amount of work done by stretching the spring a distace x0? A) kx0^3 B) (1/2)kx0 C) (1/2)kx0^3 D) (1/3)kx0^2 E) (1/3)kx0^3
To get the work, you have to integrate the force as a function of [tex]$x$[/tex] from zero displacement to Xo
[tex](Integral of) $\mathrm{k} \mathrm{x}^{\wedge} 2 \mathrm{dx}$ from 0 to $\mathrm{Xo}_{\mathrm{o}}=(1 / 3) \mathrm{k}\left(\mathrm{Xo}^{\wedge}\right)^{\wedge} 3$[/tex]
The work done by stretching the spring to the given distance is [tex]W=\frac{k x_0}{3}[/tex]
The given parameters:
- Applied force on the spring [tex]$=F$[/tex]
- Extension of the spring [tex]$=x_0$[/tex]
The work done by stretching the spring to the given distance is calculated as follows;
[tex]W=\frac{k x_0}{3}[/tex]
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& W=\int_{x_a}^{x_b} F d x \\& W=\int_{x_a}^{x_b} k x^2 d x \\& W=k \int_{x_a}^{x_b} x^2 d x \\& W=k\left[\frac{x^3}{3}\right] \\& W=k\left[\frac{x_b-x_a}{3}\right] \\& W=k\left[\frac{x_0-0}{3}\right] \\& W=\frac{k x_0}{3}\end{aligned}[/tex]
Thus, the work done by stretching the spring to the given distance is
[tex]W=\frac{k x_0}{3}[/tex]
measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force at least part of which is applied in the direction of the displacement.
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for the circuit below all values are rms with a source frequency of 60 hertz. the generator impedance is negligible (0 w). calculate the value of ib and and determine the value of vb-n. now, calculate the rms values of apparent, real and reactive power of zb. (show units for all)
The reactive power of the branch (Qb) can be calculated from its voltage and current 676.16 VA.
What is reactive power?Reactive power is the power in an AC circuit that is required to establish and maintain a voltage across a load. It is associated with the storage and release of energy in the form of electric and magnetic fields. Reactive power does not contribute to the actual work output of a system and is measured in Volt-amperes reactive (VARs). Power factor is a measure of reactive power relative to the total power in a system.
Source frequency = 60 Hz
Generator impedance = 0 W
Circuit:
Vg = 170 V
R1 = 10 Ω
R2 = 20 Ω
Zb = 20 + j10 Ω
The current flowing through the generator (Ig) and the branch (Ib) can be calculated from Ohm's Law:
Ig = Vg/R1 + Vg/R2 = 170/10 + 170/20 = 17 A
Ib = Ig - Vg/Zb = 17 - 170/(20 + j10) = 17 - 16.4 + j4.4 = 0.6 + j4.4 A
Since Ib is a complex number, we can find its magnitude (|Ib|) and angle (θ):
|Ib| = √(0.6² + 4.4²) = 4.46 A
θ = tan⁻¹(4.4/0.6) = 80.16°
The voltage across the branch (Vb-n) can be calculated using Ohm's Law:
Vb-n = Ib × Zb = (0.6 + j4.4) × (20 + j10) = -8.4 + j74.4 V
The apparent power of the branch (Sb) can be calculated from its voltage and current:
Sb = Vb-n × Ib* = (-8.4 + j74.4) × (0.6 - j4.4) = -45.48 + j367.04 VA
The real power of the branch (Pb) can be calculated from its voltage and current:
Pb = Vb-n × Ib = (-8.4 + j74.4) × (0.6 + j4.4) = -45.48 - j367.04 W
The reactive power of the branch (Qb) can be calculated from its voltage and current:
Qb = Vb-n × Ib* = (-8.4 + j74.4) × (0.6 - j4.4) = 676.16 VA
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five coins are stacked in the smooth plastic container. if each coin weighs 0.0235 lb, determine the normal reactions of the bottom coin on the container at points a and b.
The smooth plastic jar has five pennies placed inside of it. The normal reactions of the bottom coin on the container at locations a and b will be 0.0705 lb and 0.1175 lb respectively if each coin weighs 0.0235 lb.
What does normal force mean?A contact force, the normal force is often referred to as the normal reaction force. On two surfaces that are not attached to one another, a normal force cannot be applied.
What normal force is present during deceleration?The body's weight determines the usual deceleration force. A body's position relative to the ground tells us when it is about to fall. The normal force is the portion of a force that is perpendicular to any contact surface.
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The elevator descends with an acceleration of 0.9 m/s². Find how much a 95 kg person weighs in it at the moment of descent.
what is the length of the y component shown below?
The length of the y component shown is C. 2.0.
How to find the length ?We are given the angle of the vector, and the length of one of the components of the vetor. Given the angle we have, the available component is the hypotenuse. The y component that we are to find, will then be the opposite or perpendicular component.
To solve for the length of the y - component therefore, the useful operation would be the Sin function.
The length of the y - component would be:
Sin 42 ° = Opposite / Hypotenuse
Sin 42 ° = y component / Hypotenuse
y - component = Sin 42 ° x Hypotenuse
y - component = Sin 42 ° x 3
y - component = 0. 6691 x 3
y - component = 2. 0
In conclusion, the y - component is 2.0.
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Full question is:
What is the length of the y-component of the vector shown below?
A. 2.2 B. 3 c. 2.0 D. 2.7landings at the top and bottom of stairs should be at least equal in length to the of the stairway.
In cases when the stairway is straight, the width of the landing in the direction of travel must at least match the stair's width and cannot be greater than 1219mm.
The four main axes are north, south, east, and west. A map is a representation or drawing of the entire or a portion of the surface of the earth done to scale and on a flat surface. A spherical shape, however, cannot be totally flattened. Distance, direction, and symbol are the three elements that make up a map.
Most maps have an arrow with the letter "N" on them in the upper right-hand corner. North is indicated by this arrow's orientation. It is referred to as the north line. You can determine which direction is east, west, or south once you know which way is north. The four main axes are North, South, East, and West.
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if an object producing sound is moving away from you, you would observe a wavelength than an object moving toward you. group of answer choices
If an object producing sound is moving away from us, the wavelength of the sound heard is longer than the actual wavelength. The conclusion is from the concept of Doppler effect.
What is the Doppler effect?The Doppler's effect is a phenomenon when the source of a wave and an observer move relative to each other, the frequency heard is not the same with the actual frequency.
The equation of the Doppler effect is
f₀ = [(v ± v₀)/(v ± vs)] × fs
Where
f₀ = observer frequency of soundv = speed of sound waves (340 m/s)v₀ = observer velocityvs = source velocityfs = actual frequency of sound wavesNote:
v₀ (+) if the observer moves closer to the sound source.vs (+) if the sound source moves away from the observer.When an object producing sound is moving away from us, the frequency of the sound we heard changed.
Let's say we are at rest, it means v₀ = 0. The sound source is moving away makes vs (+).
With the Doppler's effect, we get
f₀ = [(v+0) / (v+vs)] × fs
f₀/fs = v/(v+vs)
v < v+vs
f₀ < fs
The frequency of sound we heard is lower that the actual frequency.
The wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency. It is described in the equation:
λ = c/f
It means that the lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength.
Hence, the phenomenon which the wavelength of the sound we heard is longer than the actual wavelength when the sound source is moving away from us is called the Doppler's effect.
Here is the group of answer choices:
(a) Band width
(b) Doppler's effect
(c) Sound refraction
(d) Vibrations
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