Answers
Answer:
see the photo
Explanation:
it was the answer
Related Questions
Which of the following processes have a ΔS < 0? Which of the following processes have a ΔS < 0? carbon dioxide(g) → carbon dioxide(s) water freezes propanol (g, at 555 K) → propanol (g, at 400 K) methyl alcohol condenses All of the above processes have a ΔS < 0.
Answers
Answer:
All of the above processes have a ΔS < 0.
Explanation:
ΔS represents change in entropy of a system. Entropy refers to the degree of disorderliness of a system.
The question requests us to identify the process that has a negative change of entropy.
carbon dioxide(g) → carbon dioxide(s)
There is a change in state from gas to solid. Solid particles are more ordered than gas particles so this is a negative change in entropy.
water freezes
There is a change in state from liquid to solid. Solid particles are more ordered than liquid particles so this is a negative change in entropy.
propanol (g, at 555 K) → propanol (g, at 400 K)
Temperature is directly proportional to entropy, this means higher temperature leads t higher entropy.
This reaction highlights a drop in temperature which means a negative change in entropy.
methyl alcohol condenses
Condensation is the change in state from gas to liquid. Liquid particles are more ordered than gas particles so this is a negative change in entropy.
g Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. A researcher took 2.592 g of a certain compound containing only carbon and hydrogen and burned it completely in pure oxygen. All the carbon was changed to 7.851 g of CO2, and all the hydrogen was changed to 4.018 g of H2O . What is the empirical formula of the original compound
Answers
Answer:
Empirical formula is: C₂H₅
Explanation:
The chemical equation of burning of a compound that conatins only Carbon and Hydrogen is:
CₓHₙ + O₂ → XCO₂ + n/2H₂O
That means the moles of CO₂ produced are the moles of Carbon in the compound and moles of hydrogen are twice moles of water. Empirical formula is the simplest ratio between moles of each element in the compound. Thus, finding molse of C and moles of H we can find empirical formula:
Moles C and H:
Moles C = Moles CO₂:
7.851g CO₂ ₓ (1mol / 44g) = 0.1784 moles CO₂ = Moles C
Moles H = 2 Moles H₂O
4.018g H₂O ₓ (1mol / 18.01g) = 0.2231 * 2 = 0.4417 moles H
Ratio C:H
The ratio between moles of hydrogen and moles of Carbon are:
0.4417 moles H / 0.1784 moles C = 2.5
That means there are 2.5 moles of H per mole of Carbon. As empirical formula must be given only in whole numbers,
Empirical formula is: C₂H₅A 50.0 L cylinder of oxygen gas is stored at 150. atm. What volume would the oxygen gas occupy if the cylinder were opened into a hot air balloon (completely deflated) until the final pressure is 735 torr
Answers
Answer:
THE VOLUME OF THE OXYGEN GAS AFTER DEFLATION TILL A PRESSURE OF 735 TORR IS ATTAINED IS 7836.99 L
Explanation:
Using Boyle's law,
P1V1 = P2V2
P1 = 150 atm
V1 = 50 L
P2 = 735 Torr
V2 = unknown
We must first convert the pressures into the same SI unit for easy calculation
1torr = 1/760 atm
So converting 735 torr to atm; we have:
1 torr = 1/ 760 atm
735 torr = 735 * 1 / 760 atm
= 0.967 atm
In other words, P2 = 0.957 atm
So rearranging the formula by making V2 the subject of the equation, we have:
V2 = P1 V1 / P2
V2 = 150 * 50 / 0.957
V2 = 7836.99 L
The volume of the oxygen cylinder after deflation to a final pressure of 735 torr or 0.967 atm pressure is 7836.99 L.
What is the energy of a photon of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 963.5 nm? (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J · s
Answers
Answer:
[tex]E=2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that,
The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is 963.5 nm.
We need to find the energy of a photon with this wavelength.
The formula used to find the energy of a photon is given by :
[tex]E=\dfrac{hc}{\lambda}\\\\E=\dfrac{6.63\times 10^{-34}\times 3\times 10^8}{963.5\times 10^{-9}}\\\\E=2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex]
So, the energy of a photon is [tex]2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J[/tex].
Pentanone was treated with excess sodium cyanide in HCl (aq) followed by hydrogen gas has over Pd. This produced:________
A. 2-amino-1-hexanol
B. 1-amino-2-methylpentan-2-ol
C. 1-cyano-1-pentanol
D. 2-aminomethylpentan-1-ol
Answers
Answer:
B. 1-amino-2-methylpentan-2-ol
Explanation:
In this case, the first step, we have the attack of the nucleophile cyanide ([tex] CN^-[/tex] produced by sodium cyanide to the carbon on the carbonyl group (C=O) producing a negative charge in the oxygen.
Then HCl protonates the molecule to produce a cyanohydrin. This cyanohydrin can be reduced by the action of hydrogen gas ([tex]H_2[/tex]) in the presence of a catalyst ([tex]Pd[/tex]), producing an amino group. With this in mind, the final molecule is: 1-amino-2-methylpentan-2-ol.
See figure 1 to further explanations
I hope it helps!
Two elements represents by the letter Q and R atomic number 9 and 12 respectively.
1. Write the electronic configuration of R
2. To what group does Q belongs to in the periodic table
3. Write the formula of the compound formed when Q combines with R
Answers
Answer:
The two elements with atomic number 9 and 12 are represented by letter Q and R respectively, where Q represents fluorine atom and R represents magnesium atom.
1. Electronic configuration of R that is magnesium (atomic number 12) is:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
2. Q represents fluorine atom, which belongs to group 17 in periodic table that is the most reactive and lightest member of the group.
3. Q and R that is fluorine and magnesium combinely form magnesium fluoride or MgF2.
When balancing redox reactions under basic conditions in aqueous solution, the first step is to:________.
a. balance oxygen
b. balance hydrogen
c. balance the reaction as though under acidic conditions
d. none of the above
Answers
Answer:
When balancing redox reactions under basic conditions in aqueous solution, the first step is to balance oxygen.
Explanation:
Oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions are those in which an electron transfer occurs between the reagents. An electron transfer implies that there is a change in the number of oxidation between the reagents and the products.
The gain of electrons is called reduction and the loss of electrons oxidation. That is to say, there is oxidation whenever an atom or group of atoms loses electrons (or increases its positive charges) and in the reduction an atom or group of atoms gains electrons, increasing its negative charges or decreasing the positive ones.
The oxidation and reduction half-reactions, in a basic medium, adjust the oxygens and hydrogens as follows:
In the member of the half-reaction that presents excess oxygen, you add as many water molecules as there are too many oxygen. Then, in the opposite member, the necessary hydroxyl ions are added to fully adjust the half-reaction. Normally, twice as many hydroxyl ions, OH-, are required as water molecules have previously been added.
In short, you first adjust the oxygens with OH-, then you adjust the H with H₂O, and finally you adjust the charge with e-
So, when balancing redox reactions under basic conditions in aqueous solution, the first step is to balance oxygen.
Answer:
c. balance the reaction as though under acidic conditions
Explanation:
When balancing redox reactions under basic conditions, a good technique is to first balance the reaction as though under acidic conditions. We then adjust the result to reflect the basic conditions.
what volume in liters of carbon monoxide will be required to produce 18.9 L of nitrogen in the reaction below
2co(g) + 2no(g) -> n2(g) + 2co2(g)
Answers
Answer:
37.8 L OF CARBON MONOXIDE IS REQUIRED TO PRODUCE 18.9 L OF NITROGEN.
Explanation:
Equation for the reaction:
2 CO + 2 NO ------> N2 + 2 CO2
2 moles of carbon monoxide reacts with 2 moles of NO to form 1 mole of nitrogen
At standard temperature and pressure, 1 mole of a gas contains 22.4 dm3 volume.
So therefore, we can say:
2 * 22.4 L of CO produces 22.4 L of N2
44.8 L of CO produces 22.4 L of N2
Since, 18.9 L of Nitrogen is produced, the volume of CO needed is:
44.8 L of CO = 22.4 L of N
x L = 18.9 L
x L = 18.9 * 44.8 / 22.4
x L = 18.9 * 2
x = 37.8 L
The volume of Carbon monoxide required to produce 18.9 L of N2 is 37.8 L
Answer:
37.8
Explanation:
In a reversible reaction, the endothermic reaction absorbs ____________ the exothermic reaction releases. A. less energy than B. None of these, endothermic reactions release energy C. the same amount of energy as D. more energy than
Answers
Answer: C. the same amount of energy as
Explanation:
A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction where the reactants form products that, in turn, react together to give the reactants back.
Reversible reactions will reach an equilibrium point where the concentrations of the reactants and products will no longer change.
[tex]A+B\rightleftharpoons C+D[/tex]
Thus if forward reaction is exothermic i.e. the heat is released , the backward reaction will be endothermic i.e. the heat is absorbed and in same amount.
The amount of energy released will be equal and opposite in sign to the energy absorbed in that reaction.
Answer:
C.) the same amount of energy as
Explanation:
I got it correct on founders edtell
Calculate the energy required to heat of 1.50 kg silver from -7.8 C to 15.0 C . Assume the specific heat capacity of silver under these conditions is .0235 J*g^-1*K^-1 . Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Answers
Answer:
804 J
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Mass of silver (m): 1.50 kgInitial temperature: -7.8 °CFinal temperature: 15.0 °CSpecific heat capacity of silver (c): 0.0235J·g⁻¹K⁻¹Step 2: Calculate the energy required (Q)
We will use the following expression.
Q = c × m × ΔT
Q = 0.0235J·g⁻¹K⁻¹ × (1.50 × 10³g) × [15.0°C-(-7.8°C)]
Q = 804 J
What volume (in mL) needs to be added to 69.6 mL of 0.0887 M MgF2 solution to make a 0.0224 M MgF2 solution
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is 206 ml.
Explanation:
Based on the given information, the molarity or M₁ of MgF₂ solution is 0.0887 M, the molarity or M₂ of the final solution given is 0.0224 M. The initial volume of V₁ of the solution is 69.6 ml, for finding the final volume of V₂ of the solution, the formula to be used is,
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
Now putting the values in the formula we get,
0.0887 × 69.6 = 0.0224 M × V₂
V₂ = 0.0887 × 69.6 / 0.0224
V₂ = 275.6 ml
Therefore, the volume in ml added to the initial volume of 69.6 ml to make the molarity of the solution 0.0224 will be,
= 275.6 ml - 69.6 ml = 206 ml
Assuming 100% dissociation, which of the following compounds is listed incorrectly with its van't Hoff factor i? Al2(SO4)3, i = 4 NH4NO3, i = 2 Mg(NO3)2, i = 3 Na2SO4, i = 3 Sucrose, i = 1
Answers
Answer:
- Aluminium sulfate Al2(SO4)3 dissociates in two aluminium ions and three sulfate ions, therefore, van't Hoff factor is 5 (incorrect).
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since the van't Hoff factor is related with the species that result from the ionization of a chemical compound, we can see that that
- Aluminium sulfate Al2(SO4)3 dissociates in two aluminium ions and three sulfate ions, therefore, van't Hoff factor is 5 (incorrect).
- Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 dissociates in one ammonium ions and one nitrate ion, therefore, van't Hoff factor is 2 (correct).
- Sodium sulfate Na2SO4 dissociates in two sodium ions and one sulfate, therefore, van't Hoff factor is 3 (correct).
- Sucrose is not ionized, therefore, van't Hoff factor is 1 (correct).
Best regards.
Describe the similarities between H3O and NH3. Compare/contrast their shapes and polarities within the context of your answer. These molecules are called isoelectronic. Why
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
[tex]H_3O^+[/tex] also known as hydronium ion is formed as a result of the reaction between an hydrogen proton and a water molecules.
i.e [tex]\mathtt{H^+ + H_2O \to H_3O^+}[/tex]
(molecular geometry for the hydronium ion shows that the lewis structure of hydronium ion possess a three hydrogen ion bonded to a central atom known as oxygen. The oxygen possess a lone pair with a positive ion. So we have three hydrogen atoms and a lone pair attached to the oxygen. We can now say that there are four groups as the steric number in which one of them is a lone pair. This give rise to the trigonal pyramidal shape of the [tex]H_3O^+[/tex] (hydronium ion) with a bond angle of about 109,5°
Similarly, [tex]NH_3[/tex] on the other hand also known as ammonia has a shape that can be also determined by the Lewis structure.
IN ammonia, there are three hydrogen and a lone pairs of electron spreading out as far away from each other from the centre nitrogen. In essence, the valence shell electron pair around hydrogens tend to repel each other. Hence, giving it a trigonal pyramidal shape.
From above the similarities between H3O and NH3 is in their molecular geometry in which both H3O and NH3 have the same shape.
These molecules are called isoelectronic. Why?
Isoelectronic molecules are molecules having the same number of electrons and same electronic configuration structure. As a result H3O and NH3 possess the same number of electrons in the same orbitals and they also posses the same structure.
A reaction mechanism has the following proposed elementary steps:Step 1: A → B + CStep 2: A + B → DStep 3: 2 A + D → C + EIf Step 2 is the rate-limiting step, what would the proposed rate law for this mechanism be?
Answers
Answer: [tex]Rate=k[A][B][/tex]
Explanation:
Rate law says that rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants each raised to a stoichiometric coefficient determined experimentally called as order.
Order of the reaction is defined as the sum of the concentration of terms on which the rate of the reaction actually depends. It is the sum of the exponents of the molar concentration in the rate law expression.
For reactions which takes place in multiple steps are complex reactions and the order is given by the slowest step which is the rate limiting step.
For the given reaction, the rate limiting step is
[tex]A+B\rightarrow D[/tex]
Rate law will be , [tex]Rate=k[A][B][/tex]
Determine whether the following statement about reaction rates is true or false. If the statement is false, select the reason why?
Increasing the temperature of a reaction system decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
Answers
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Reaction rates is a field under chemical kinetics that deals with the measure of speed of a chemical reaction. It is the change in the concentration of a reactant or product per unit time.
Activation Energy is a theory been put forward to explain why different chemical reactions proceed at different rates.
Activation Energy theory postulates that for a reactant to transform into a product , the colliding particles or molecules of the reactant must possess a certain amount of energy so as to overcome the reaction barrier.
An important factor which may influence the attainment of activation energy by colliding particles of reactants is the temperature at which the reaction is carried out. The higher the temperature, the greater is the fraction of the reactant particles which possess the activation energy and thus the faster the reaction becomes. SO , in essence increasing the temperature of a reaction system do not decreases the activation energy of the reaction but rather also increases the activation energy of the reaction.
2NO + 2H2 ⟶N2 + 2H2O What would the rate law be if the mechanism for this reaction were: 2NO + H2 ⟶N2 + H2O2 (slow) H2O2 + H2 ⟶2H2O (fast)
Answers
Answer:
rate = [NO]²[H₂]
Explanation:
2NO + H2 ⟶N2 + H2O2 (slow)
H2O2 + H2 ⟶2H2O (fast)
From the question, we are given two equations.
In chemical kinetics; that is the study of rate reactions and changes in concentration. The rate law is obtained from the slowest reaction.
This means that our focus would be on the slow reaction. Generally the rate law is obtained from the concentrations of reactants in a reaction.
This means our rate law is;
rate = [NO]²[H₂]
what are the monomers of bakelite
Answers
Answer:
Bakelite is a polymer made up of the monomers phenol and formaldehyde. This phenol-formaldehyde resin is a thermosetting polymer.
Answer: The monomers of bakelite are formaldehyde and phenol
Explanation:
Enter the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of each of the following carboxylic acids with KOH.Part Aacetic acidExpress your answer as a chemical equation. Assume that there is no dissociation (i.e., enter only whole compounds, not ions).Part B2-methylbutanoic acid (CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH)Express your answer as a chemical equation. Assume that there is no dissociation (i.e., enter only whole compounds, not ions).Part C4-chlorobenzoic acid (ClC6H4COOH)Express your answer as a chemical equation. Assume that there is no dissociation (i.e., enter only whole compounds, not ions).
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Answer in attached file .
How has the work of chemists affected the environment over the years?
Answers
Answer:
Chemistry is one of the causes for global warming, and in some cases it can even cause certain illnesses.
Answer:
Chemists have both hurt the environment and helped the environment by their actions.
Explanation:
<3
A runner can cover 2.0 miles in 31 minutes, how long would it take for this runner to cover 6.0 Km. Hint (1 mile= 1.609 Km)
Answers
The answer to this question is approximately equal to 57.8
1.) A sample of neon gas at a pressure of 0.646 atm and a temperature of 242 °C, occupies a volume of 515 mL. If the gas is cooled at constant pressure until its volume is 407 mL, the temperature of the gas sample will be ________°C.
2.) A sample of argon gas at a pressure of 0.633 atm and a temperature of 261 °C, occupies a volume of 694 mL. If the gas is heated at constant pressure until its volume is 796 mL, the temperature of the gas sample will be___________°C.
3.) 0.962 mol sample of carbon dioxide gas at a temperature of 20.0 °C is found to occupy a volume of 21.5 liters. The pressure of this gas sample ismm ____________ Hg.
Answers
Answer:1 )T2=134°C 2) T2=339.48°C. 3)
P=817.59 mmHg.
Explanation:
1.Given ;
pressure, P1 of neon gas = 0.646 atm
temperature, T1 =242oC + 273=515oC
Volume, V1 =515ml
Volume V2= 407ml
temperature , T 2= ?
Solution;
And at constant pressure, the volume cools at V2=407 mL at T2=?
From ideal gas equation, PV=nRT
V/T=constant
therefore
V1/V2=T1/T2 = T2=(V2 xT1)/V1
T2=(407 mL x 515 K)/515 mL= 407K.
T2= 407K -273= 134°C. recall 0°C=273 K)
2..Given ;
pressure, P1 of neon gas = 0.633 atm
temperature, T1 =261oC + 273=534oC
Volume, V1 =694ml
Volume V2= 796ml
temperature , T 2= ?
Solution;
And at constant pressure, the volume expands at V2=796mL at T2=?
From ideal gas equation, PV=nRT
V/T=constant
therefore
V1/V2=T1/T2 = T2=(V2 xT1)/V1
T2=(796 mL x 534 K)/694mL= 612.48K.
T2= 612.48K -273= 339.48°C. recall 0°C=273 K
3
Given;
moles of CO2= n=0.962 mol,
temperature T=20°C=20+273 K =293 K,
volume V=21.5 L,
gas constant R at L·mmHg/mol·K= 62.3637 L mmHg mol^-1 K^-1
Using ideal gas equation PV=nRT
P=nRT/V
P=(0.962 mol)x(62.3637mmHg mol^-1 K^-1)x(293 K)/(21.5L)
P=817.59 mmHg.
When methane is burned with oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 9 grams of water and 11 grams of carbon dioxide from 16 grams of oxygen, how many
Answers
The given question is incomplete.
The complete question is:
When methane is burned with oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 9 grams of water and 11 grams of carbon dioxide from 16 grams of oxygen, how many grams of methane were needed for the reaction?
Answer: 4 grams of methane were needed for the reaction
Explanation:
According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Thus the mass of products has to be equal to the mass of reactants. The number of atoms of each element has to be same on reactant and product side. Thus chemical equations are balanced.
{tex]CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O[/tex]
Given: mass of oxygen = 16 g
Mass of carbon dioxide = 11 g
Mass of water = 9 g
Mass of products = Mass of carbon dioxide + mass of water = 11 g +9 g = 20 g
Mass or reactant = mass of methane + mass of oxygen = mass of methane + 16 g
As mass of reactants = mass of products
mass of methane + 16 g= 20 g
mass of methane = 4 g
Thus 4 grams of methane were needed for the reaction
a sample of gas occupies a volume of 2.62 liters at 25 C and 1.00 atm. what will be the volume at 50 C and 2 atm
Answers
Answer:2.62 L
Explanation:
A sample of gas occupies a volume of 2.62 liters at 25° C and 1.00 atm. and the volume at 50° C and 2 atm then volume is 2.62 liters.
What is ideal gas law ?The equation of state for a fictitious perfect gas is known as the ideal gas law, sometimes known as the generic gas equation. Although it has significant drawbacks, it is a decent approximation of the behavior of many gases under various situations.
An ideal gas is one in which there are no intermolecular attraction forces and all collisions between atoms or molecules are entirely elastic. It may be seen as a group of perfectly hard spheres that collide but do not else interact with one another.
By using ideal gas equation,
P₁ V ₁ ÷ T = P₂V₂ ÷ T
1 × 2.62 ÷ 25 = 2 × V₂ ÷ 50
V₂ = 1 × 2.62 × 50 ÷ 25 × 2
V₂ = 2.62 liters.
Thus, a sample of gas occupies a volume of 2.62 liters at 25° C and 1.00 atm. and the volume at 50° C and 2 atm then volume is 2.62 liters.
To learn more about ideal gas law follow the link below;
https://brainly.com/question/6534096
#SPJ5
A student ran the following reaction in the laboratory at 242 K: 2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) Br2(g) When she introduced 0.143 moles of NOBr(g) into a 1.00 liter container, she found the equilibrium concentration of NOBr(g) to be 0.108 M. Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc, she obtained for this reaction. Kc
Answers
Answer:
1.84 × 10⁻³
Explanation:
Step 1: Write the balanced equation
2 NOBr(g) ⇄ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g)
Step 2: Calculate the initial concentration of NOBr
0.143 moles of NOBr(g) are introduced into a 1.00 liter container. The molarity is:
M = 0.143 mol / 1.00 L = 0.143 M
Step 3: Make an ICE chart
2 NOBr(g) ⇄ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g)
I 0.143 0 0
C -2x +2x +x
E 0.143-2x 2x x
Step 4: Find the value of x
The equilibrium concentration of NOBr(g) was 0.108 M. Then,
0.143-2x = 0.108
x = 0.0175
Step 5: Calculate the concentrations at equilibrium
[NOBr] = 0.108 M
[NO] = 2x = 0.0350 M
[Br₂] = x = 0.0175 M
Step 6: Calculate the equilibrium constant (Kc)
Kc = [0.0350]² × [0.0175] / [0.108]²
Kc = 1.84 × 10⁻³
The K sp for silver(I) phosphate is 1.8 × 10 –18. Determine the silver ion concentration in a saturated solution of silver(I) phosphate.
Answers
Answer:
[tex][Ag^+]=4.82x10^{-5}M[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, the dissociation reaction for silver phosphate is:
[tex]Ag_3PO_4(s)\rightleftharpoons 3Ag^+(aq)+PO_4^{3-}(aq)[/tex]
Therefore, the equilibrium expression is:
[tex]Ksp=[Ag^+]^3[PO_4^{3-}][/tex]
And in terms of the reaction extent [tex]x[/tex] is:
[tex]Ksp=1.8x10^{-18}=(3x)^3(x)[/tex]
Thus, [tex]x[/tex] turns out:
[tex]1.8x10^{-18}=27x^4\\\\x=\sqrt[4]{\frac{1.8x10^{-18}}{27} } \\\\x=1.61x10^{-5}M[/tex]
In such a way, the concentration of the silver ion is:
[tex][Ag^+]=3x=3*1.61x10^{-5}M=4.82x10^{-5}M[/tex]
Best regards.
In the following net ionic equation, identify each reactant as either a Bronsted-Lowry acid or a Bronsted-Lowry base.
HF-(aq) + H2O(l) rightarrow F-(aq) + H3O(aq)
B-L_____ B-L_____
The formula of the reactant that acts as a proton donor is_____.
The formula of the reactant that acts as a proton acceptor is_______.
Answers
Answer:
Bronsted lowry base = Proton acceptor = H2O
Bronsted lowry acid = Proton donor = HF-
Explanation:
The equation is given as;
HF-(aq) + H2O(l) --> F-(aq) + H3O(aq)
A bronsted lowry base is any specie that can accept hydrogen ion (proton) from another molecule.
Basically a bronsted lowry base is a proton acceptor while a bronsted lowry acid is a proton donor.
In the reaction above, upon comparing both the reactants and products;
Bronsted lowry base = Proton acceptor = H2O
Bronsted lowry acid = Proton donor = HF-
The tosylate of (2R,3S)-3-phenylbutan-2-ol undergoes an E2 elimination on treatment with sodium ethoxide. Draw the structure of the alkene that is produced.
Answers
Answer:
(R)-but-3-en-2-ylbenzene
Explanation:
In this reaction, we have a very strong base (sodium ethoxide). This base, will remove a hydrogen producing a double bond. We know that the reaction occurs through an E2 mechanism, therefore, the hydrogen that is removed must have an angle of 180º with respect to the leaving group (the "OH"). This is known as the anti-periplanar configuration.
The hydrogen that has this configuration is the one that placed with the dashed bond (red hydrogen). In such a way, that the base will remove this hydrogen, the "OH" will leave the molecule and a double bond will be formed between the methyl and the carbon that was previously attached to the "OH", producing the molecule (R) -but-3- en-2-ylbenzene.
See figure 1
I hope it helps!
Rectangular cube 3.2 m length 1.2 m in height and 5 m in length is split into two parts. The container has a movable airtight divider that divides its length as necessary. Part A has 58 moles of gas and part B has 165 moles of a gas.
Required:
At what length will the divider to equilibrium?
Answers
Answer:
The length the divider is to equilibrium from Part A = 1.30 m and from Part B = 3.70 m
Explanation:
Given that:
A rectangular cube with 3.2 m breadth, 1.2 m height and 5 m in length is splitted into two parts.
The diagrammatic expression for the above statement can be found in the attached diagram below.
The container has a movable airtight divider that divides its length as necessary.
Part A has 58 moles of gas
Part B has 165 moles of a gas.
Thus, the movable airtight divider will stop at a length where the pressure on it is equal on both sides.
i.e
[tex]\mathtt{P = P_A = P_B}[/tex]
Using the ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT
where, P,R,and T are constant.
Then :
[tex]\mathsf{\dfrac{V_A}{n_A}= \dfrac{V_B}{n_B}}[/tex]
[tex]\mathsf{\dfrac{L_A \times B \times H}{n_A}= \dfrac{L_B \times B \times H}{n_B}}[/tex] --- (1)
since Volume of a cube = L × B × H
From the question; the L = 5m
i,e
[tex]\mathsf{L_A +L_B}[/tex] = 5
[tex]\mathsf{L_A = 5 - L_B}[/tex]
From equation (1) , we divide both sides by (B × H)
Then :
[tex]\mathsf{\dfrac{L_A }{n_A}= \dfrac{L_B }{n_B}}[/tex]
[tex]\mathsf{\dfrac{5-L_B}{58}= \dfrac{L_B }{165}}[/tex]
By cross multiplying; we have:
165 ( 5 - [tex]\mathsf{L_B}[/tex] ) = 58 (
825 - 165[tex]\mathsf{L_B}[/tex] = 58
825 = 165[tex]\mathsf{L_B}[/tex] +58
825 = 223[tex]\mathsf{L_B}[/tex]
[tex]\mathsf{L_B}[/tex] = 825/223
[tex]\mathsf{L_B}[/tex] = 3.70 m
[tex]\mathsf{L_A = 5 - L_B}[/tex]
[tex]\mathsf{L_A = 5 - 3.70}[/tex]
[tex]\mathsf{ L_A}[/tex] = 1.30 m
The length the divider is to equilibrium from Part A = 1.30 m and from Part B = 3.70 m
A sample of ice absorbs 15.6kJ of heat as it undergoes a reversible phase transition to form liquid water at 0∘C. What is the entropy change for this process in units of JK? Report your answer to three significant figures. Use −273.15∘C for absolute zero.
Answers
Answer:
Entropy change of ice changing to water at 0°C is equal to 57.1 J/K
Explanation:
When a substance undergoes a phase change, it occurs at constant temperature.
The entropy change Δs, is given by the formula below;
Δs = q/T
where q is the quantity of heat absorbed or evolved in Joules and T is temperature in Kelvin at which the phase change occur
From the given data, T = 0°C = 273.15 K, q = 15.6 KJ = 15600 J
Δs = 15600 J / 273.15 K
Δs = 57.111 J/K
Therefore, entropy change of ice changing to water at 0°C is equal to 57.1 J/K
The entropy change of ice changing to water will be "57.1 J/K".
Entropy changeThe shift in what seems like a thermodynamic system's condition of confusion is caused by the transformation of heat as well as enthalpy towards activity. Entropy seems to be greater mostly in a network with a high quantity or measure of chaos.
According to the question,
Temperature, T = 0°C or,
= 273.15 K
Heat, q = 15.6 KJ or,
= 15600 J
We know the formula,
Entropy change, Δs = [tex]\frac{q}{T}[/tex]
By substituting the values, we get
= [tex]\frac{15600}{273.15}[/tex]
= 57.11 J/K
Thus the above answer is correct.
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A student carries out the precipitation reaction shown below, starting with 0.030 moles of calcium nitrate. The final mass of the precipitate is 2.9 g. Answer the questions below to determine the percent yield. 3Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq) → Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaNO3(aq) 1. a. Which product is the precipitate? b. How many moles of the precipitate would one expect to be produced from 0.030 moles of calcium nitrate? c. How many grams of solid do you expect to be produced? d. What is the percent yield?
Answers
Answer:
a. Ca₃(PO₄)₂.
b. 0.010 moles of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ can we expect to be produced
c. 3.1g of Ca₃(PO₄)₂
d. Percent yield = 93.5%
Explanation:
a. Based on the reaction:
3Ca(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Na₃PO₄(aq) → Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6NaNO₃(aq)
3 moles of calcium nitrate reacts with 2 moles of sodium phosphate producieng 1 mole of calcium phosphate.
As you can see, Ca₃(PO₄)₂ is a solid product -(s)-, that means when the reaction occurs the precipitate produced is the solid,
Ca₃(PO₄)₂b. As 3 moles of calcium nitrate produce 1 mole of calcium phosphate and there are 0.030 moles of calcium nitrate
0.030 moles Ca(NO₃)₂ × (1 mol Ca₃(PO₄)₂ / 3 moles Ca(NO₃)₂) =
0.010 moles of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ can we expect to be producedc. As molar mass of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ is 310.18g/mol, the mass of 0.010 moles (The expected mass) is;
0.010 moles Ca₃(PO₄)₂ × (310.18g / mol) =
3.1g of Ca₃(PO₄)₂d. The percent yield is defined as 100 times the ratio between the obtained yield (That is 2.9g of precipitate, Ca₃(PO₄)₂) and the expected yield, 3.1g of Ca₃(PO₄)₂:
[tex]\frac{2.9g}{3.1g} *100[/tex]
Percent yield = 93.5%(a) The product in solid state would be the precipitate. Hence, the precipitate would be Ca3(PO4)2
(b) From the balanced equation of the reaction: 3 moles of Ca(NO3)2 is required for 1 mole of Ca3(PO4)2
If there are just 0.030 moles of Ca(NO3)2, then"
3 moles = 1
0.030 moles = 1 x 0.030/3
= 0.01 moles of Ca3(PO4)2
In other words, 0.01 moles of the precipitate would be expected to be produced from 0.030 moles of calcium nitrate.
(c) 0.01 moles solid (Ca3(PO4)2) is expected. Mass of Ca3(PO4)2 expected:
mass = mole x molar mass
molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 = 310.18 g/mol
mass of Ca3(PO4)2 expected to be produced = 0.01 x 310.18
= 3.1018 g
Hence, 3.1018g of solid is expected to be produced.
(d) Percentage yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100
= 2.9/3.1018 x 100
= 93.5%
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