Is the Fed meant to be controlled or independent from the government?

The Crime control perspective of the criminal justice system holds that criminals choose to commit crimes and must be punished harshly for their actions.

Criminal justice referred to all methods that individuals could use to exact retribution for the harm committed by a crime. The idea of criminal justice has since developed.

With a focus on the complexities and connections between crime and justice, Criminal Justice: The System in Perspective offers a novel perspective on the criminal justice system. Recent studies, current events, and the criminal court system are the main topics of criminal justice.

According to the due process model, every person should have access to a just and equitable criminal justice system that respects their constitutional rights.

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The government imposes a sales tax on hot dogs. The tax would be paid entirely by hot dog sellers if the supply is perfectly elastic. This statement is correct, let us learn about the factors affecting the demand and supply.

Supply is defined as the total amount of a product or service that is available for a specific price, while demand is defined as the willingness and ability of consumers to purchase a product or service at a specific price. According to the law of demand, the quantity of a product or service demanded by consumers decreases as the price of the product or service rises. On the other hand, according to the law of supply, the quantity of a product or service supplied by producers increases as the price of the product or service increases. The demand and supply of a product or service can be influenced by various factors, including taxes, subsidies, input costs, technological advancements, and consumer preferences.

The imposition of a sales tax on hot dogs would raise the cost of production and supply for hot dog sellers, and the effect would be that sellers would shift the burden of the tax onto the consumers by raising the price of the hot dogs. As a result of the price increase, demand for hot dogs will decrease as consumers would look for substitute products. In case the supply of hot dogs is perfectly elastic, then the sellers will be forced to absorb the entire cost of the tax because any increase in the price would lead to a complete loss of sales. Thus, the tax would be paid entirely by the hot dog sellers in such a situation.

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According to the Declaration of Independence, securing inalienable rights is a purpose for which government is established.

According to the Declaration of Independence, securing inalienable rights is a purpose for which governments are instituted among men. The Declaration of Independence is one of the most significant documents in American history, and it outlines the fundamental principles on which the United States was founded.

The Declaration of Independence is a document in which the thirteen British North American colonies declared their independence from the British Empire. On July 4, 1776, the document was adopted by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and it was written by Thomas Jefferson.

The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the document, and he drafted the original version of the text over a period of several weeks in June and July of 1776. The purpose of the Declaration of Independence is to declare that the thirteen colonies were breaking away from Great Britain and forming their own independent nation.

The document states that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The document also outlines the colonists' grievances against the British government and their reasons for seeking independence.

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An "order to show cause" is an order issued by a court or judge requiring an official (such as a jailer) to bring a specified prisoner into court and show the judge why the prisoner is being kept in jail.

This order can be used when a prisoner requests to be released on bail, when a prisoner seeks a writ of habeas corpus, or when a prisoner claims to be wrongly imprisoned. An order to show cause must provide the judge with sufficient evidence that there is a legal basis to continue to hold the prisoner in jail. If the official fails to show cause, the court may order the prisoner's release.

In order for an order to show cause to be issued, the court must have a legal basis for requiring the official to bring the prisoner in for a hearing. This can include evidence that the prisoner poses a danger to the public, that the prisoner may be a flight risk, or that the official has failed to follow proper procedure in the case. When the court reviews the order to show cause, it will determine if the evidence provided by the official is sufficient to continue the prisoner's detention. If the court finds that the evidence is not sufficient, the prisoner must be released.

The order to show cause is an important tool in ensuring that prisoners are not held unlawfully and that they are treated fairly. It can also be used to ensure that officials are properly carrying out their duties, and that they are adhering to the law when it comes to detaining prisoners. By issuing an order to show cause, the court can ensure that the official has the necessary evidence to detain the prisoner and that the prisoner has the right to a fair hearing.

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One of the policy options we explored was for the Fed to reduce or remove the reserve requirement ratio when it reached the zero bound. True.

The notion that interest rates cannot be decreased farther than zero is known as the "Zero Lower Limit." Historically, central banks have utilised monetary policy to influence the economy's interest rate in order to achieve its budgetary goal (s).

In fact, the Fed used a variety of other tactics to overcome the ZLB restriction after the crisis, including large-scale asset purchases (quantitative easing) and providing market participants with advance information on the direction of interest rates. The ZLB issue was not entirely solved by these policy improvements.

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In the United States, the answer is partially true. In most states, there are laws restricting the use of wireless devices while driving, especially for young and inexperienced drivers. However, these laws can vary from state to state, and not all states specifically prohibit the use of wireless devices by drivers under the age of 18.

It is important to note that these laws are intended to improve road safety, as the use of wireless devices while driving can significantly increase the risk of accidents. Driver distraction is one of the leading causes of traffic accidents, and the use of wireless devices can increase distraction and the likelihood of accidents.

In summary, in the United States, many laws restrict the use of wireless devices while driving, especially for young and inexperienced drivers. While not all states specifically prohibit the use of wireless devices by drivers under the age of 18, many laws are designed to improve traffic safety and reduce the risk of accidents caused by driver distraction.

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It is true that the law prohibits anyone under the age of 18 from using any type of wireless device while driving, except in an emergency situation.

According to the law it is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to use any type of wireless device while driving. This also includes talking on the phone, texting, or surfing the internet. Some states have laws that specifically prohibit texting while driving regardless of age. It would be an only exception in case it is an emergency situation, such as calling 911. If anyone use any type of  wireless device while driving, sometimes it may lead to dangerous situations like accidents where they put themselves and others also in danger.

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The given statement "To overcome problems in the equal allocation of resources, many smaller departments have adopted alternate scheduling." is false because it increases employee happiness, decreases childcare costs, increases productivity, and a more positive work environment.

Compressed work schedules and flexible work schedules are referred to collectively as alternative work schedules (AWS). A compressed work schedule is one in which an employee can finish the biweekly work requirement in fewer than 10 working days and has a fixed work schedule (no flexible time bands).

An alternative workweek is defined by current California labor law as a week with shifts that total no more than 10 hours each day during a 40-hour workweek, without the payment of an overtime premium.

Increased productivity, lower childcare costs, happier workers, and a more supportive workplace are all advantages of an alternative work schedule. On the other hand, disadvantages include less effective communication, less teamwork, and occasionally less family time.

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The statement "valley mart told its employees that they would be fired if they actively supported a unionizing effort, valley mart has committed an unfair labor practice" is true because it is considered an unfair labor practice under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).

The correct answer is true.

The NLRA is a federal law that protects employees' rights to organize and engage in concerted activity to improve their wages, benefits, and working conditions. This includes the right to form or join a union, bargain collectively with their employer, and engage in other concerted activities for mutual aid and protection.

Valley Mart's statement that employees would be fired if they actively supported a unionizing effort is considered an unfair labor practice under the NLRA because it is a form of interference, restraint, or coercion that can intimidate employees and chill the exercise of their protected rights.

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Bankruptcy information can remain on a consumer credit report for up to 10 years from the date of filing.

During this period, the information can be reported by the three major consumer credit reporting agencies: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax. After 10 years, the bankruptcy information should be removed from a consumer's credit report. It is important to remember that filing for bankruptcy can have a significant impact on a person's credit score. Having a bankruptcy listed on your credit report can make it more difficult to obtain new credit, such as a loan or credit card. This can also make it more expensive to borrow money, as lenders may charge higher interest rates to compensate for the higher risk associated with borrowers with bankruptcy.

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According to the US government, the official retirement age is 67 years for those born in 1960 or later.

However, it varies for those born before 1960. In the United States, the retirement age was established with the Social Security Act of 1935. The original retirement age was set at 65 years. But with the passage of time and growing longevity, the retirement age has been adjusted. The government's aim is to ensure that retirees have enough savings to last for the rest of their lives without being dependent on the government. It is also recommended that individuals start saving for retirement as early as possible to ensure they have sufficient funds for their retirement years.

The United States government offers several retirement plans, including Social Security, which is a social insurance program funded by payroll taxes. Medicare, the government's health insurance program for seniors, is another option that individuals can choose to enroll in.

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When justices on the Supreme Court discover conflicts in the reasoning that supports their decisions, they must sometimes choose one rationale over another.

The justices may face situations where they must consider multiple legal principles, precedents, and constitutional provisions that may be in conflict with each other. In such cases, they must decide which rationale to prioritize and provide a clear and consistent legal reasoning to support their decision. The justices may also need to draft a new reason to support their decision or use both reasons to explain their position. However, ultimately, they must choose and prioritize one rationale over another to justify their decision.

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The given statement "small claims courts, for the most part, resolve relatively minor disputes with maximum recoveries usually limited to a few hundred dollars at most." is false as have limited jurisdiction to hear civil cases between private litigants.

Small-claims courts only have limited authority to hear civil disputes involving private parties. Small claims courts may also perform other judicial duties and may go by different names in different jurisdictions. The maximum amount of money that a small-claims court can award in judgments is typically in the tens of thousands of dollars or pounds. The plaintiff typically forfeits any right to seek an amount greater than the court can grant by filing a lawsuit in small claims court. Reducing a claim to meet the requirements of this venue may or may not be permitted by the plaintiff.

Small-claims courts typically have jurisdiction over private disputes involving small sums of money. The routine collection of small debts forms a large portion of the cases brought to small-claims courts, as well as evictions and other disputes between landlords and tenants, unless the jurisdiction is already covered by a tenancy board.

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Public policy refers to the course of action adopted by a government to address a specific issue or problem faced by society.

The nature of public policy in a state is influenced by several factors, including:

Political Ideology: The political ideology of a government plays a crucial role in shaping public policy. The left-leaning governments tend to focus more on social welfare policies, while right-leaning governments tend to focus more on free-market policies.

Public Opinion: The public opinion on a particular issue can shape the direction of public policy. Governments are more likely to act on issues that are considered important to the majority of the population.

Economic Conditions: Economic conditions, such as inflation, unemployment, and GDP growth, can influence the nature of public policy. Governments are more likely to implement policies that address economic challenges.

International Factors: International factors, such as globalization, trade agreements, and diplomatic relations, can shape public policy. Governments must consider how their policies will affect their relationship with other countries.

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How do factors such as political ideology, socio-economic conditions, interest groups and lobbying, public opinion, and international influences impact the development and implementation of public policy in a state?

Systems do not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics  are,An allosteric enzyme in the presence of the product of the reaction,the enzyme ATCase. Thus correct Option (b, d)

Michaelis-Menten kinetics is a broad theory that explains the velocity and overall mechanism of enzyme-catalyzed processes. It is based on the quick reversible creation of a complex between an enzyme and its substrate, which was first proposed in 1913. (the substance upon which it acts to form a product).

The equation states that at extremely low concentrations, the enzyme's rate is directly proportional to the concentration of substrate; conversely, at very high concentrations, the enzyme's rate approaches a maximum quantity known as maximum velocity.

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Full Question: Which of the following systems do not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics?

(Select all that apply.)

a. A simple enzyme with [S] > KM.

b. An allosteric enzyme in the presence of the product of the reaction.

c. The enzyme chymotrypsin.

d. The enzyme ATCase.

The New Deal of the 1930's was the most significant event in U.S. history that stood out for leading to policy changes that dramatically increased growth in both bureaucratic agencies and personnel.

The New Deal was a series of programs and policies enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression. It was a series of policy changes that enabled the growth of the federal bureaucracy and provided relief to the millions of people who had been affected by the Great Depression. It consisted of a number of programs designed to get people back to work, provide relief to the unemployed, reform the banking system, and regulate industry. The increased growth in both bureaucratic agencies and personnel was during the industrial revolution.

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The following are the penalties on the tax return preparers that the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations do not impose:

An honest mistake or inadvertent error made by a tax return preparer will not result in a penalty. In this case, a tax return preparer may rectify the mistake and file the correct return or refund within a specified time period.

Tax return preparers are not penalized for failing to file an amended return or refund claim after rectifying an error or mistake made in a prior return or refund claim. However, if a tax return preparer is paid for the preparation of an amended return or refund claim, the preparer may be subject to a penalty if the claim or return is incorrect.

The Internal Revenue Code and regulations do not require tax return preparers to register or obtain a preparer tax identification number (PTIN) if they do not file tax returns or make refund claims for compensation. The penalty for non-compliance with this requirement will not be imposed on tax return preparers who do not file tax returns or make refund claims for compensation.

The penalties on the tax return preparers that the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations impose are as follows: Failure to comply with the due diligence requirements, which include checking the validity of Social Security numbers, can result in a penalty of up to $100 per failure. The penalty for failing to sign a tax return or refund claim is $50 per failure.

The penalty for understating the tax liability on a tax return or refund claim is the greater of $1,000 or 50% of the income from the preparation of the return or refund claim. The penalty for the use of abusive tax shelters or any other illegal tax avoidance schemes is $1,000 per taxpayer per year. A taxpayer may also sue a tax return preparer for damages if the preparer engages in fraudulent or deceptive conduct in the preparation of the return or refund claim.

the internal revenue code and the regulations do not impose penalties on tax return preparers for which of the following?

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"Paul buys a bottle of Great Wine. He drinks it and becomes very ill. Doctors find the wine contained anti-freeze. Paul may not sue Great Wine because he assumed the risk of drinking alcohol, an inherently dangerous product" the statement is true.

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The Populist movement of the late 19th century changed the role of the federal government in American society by pushing for reforms to support farmers and laborers.

This included advocating for an expansion of federal powers to regulate interstate commerce and labor. Populists believed that government intervention was needed to create an economic environment that would benefit small producers, laborers, and consumers. The Populist platform was based on their belief that the federal government had a responsibility to protect the welfare of all citizens and to reduce inequality. To achieve this goal, they proposed a number of reforms, including the direct election of U.S. Senators, the establishment of a graduated income tax, the creation of a federal currency, the regulation of railroads, and the creation of public ownership of natural resources.

The Populist movement was ultimately unsuccessful in achieving most of its goals, they proposed several important changes. It established a precedent for greater federal intervention in the economy and the protection of labor rights. The Populist platform also created the framework for the progressive movement of the early 20th century, which would ultimately lead to the creation of the modern welfare state in the United States.

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Laws, policies, and their associated penalties only provide deterrence if three conditions are present. These conditions are fear of penalty, probability of being apprehended and probability of a penalty being applied

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The agency that protects the public from the consequences of risky accounting practices is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The SEC, or the Securities and Exchange Commission, was established in 1934 to protect investors from fraudulent or deceptive acts or practices in the securities markets. It's a government agency whose goal is to promote stability and protect the public by ensuring that businesses conduct themselves fairly and transparently.

The SEC safeguards investors, maintains fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitates capital formation by imposing and enforcing regulations. Securities offerings, securities exchanges, and other activities that involve securities come under the SEC's jurisdiction.

Legal issues such as insider trading, misrepresentation, and unregistered securities sales are dealt with by the SEC, which enforces the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The SEC oversees stock exchanges, investment advisors, and financial firms, ensuring that they adhere to financial reporting standards and ethical practices.

The SEC conducts investigations and penalizes companies that do not comply with its rules and regulations. The agency may also suspend trading on stock exchanges and take other measures to safeguard investors from fraudulent activity.

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X is a binomial random variable with n = 50 and p = 0.04, Y is a binomial random variable with n = 40 and p = 0.015.
The value of n is 15 and p is  0.30 of the parameters for the binomial random variable X

1. X is a binomial random variable with n = 50 and p = 0.04

Y is a binomial random variable with n = 40 and p = 0.015

Z is not a binomial random variable, as it represents the total number of individuals with blood type AB, which is not a fixed number of trials with a constant probability of success.

2. The binomial distribution models the number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials, where each trial has the same probability of success. In this case, X represents the number of parolees out of 15 that return to prison within 3 years, where each parolee is either a success (returns to prison) or a failure (does not return to prison). Since each prisoner's return to prison is independent of the other prisoners' returns, we can model X as a binomial random variable with n = 15 (the number of trials) and p = 0.3 (the probability of success, or the proportion of parolees who return to prison within 3 years).

Therefore, final answer for question 1 is n = 40 and p =0.015 and for question 2 is n = 15 and p = 0.30.

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For all emergency(such as police, fire, and ambulance) and public safety vehicles with lights flashing on them that are stationary on the roadway, everyone are required to slow down and move over.

We need to move over and provide way for vehicles that are used for public and work for their safety as the people in these vehicles may be providing a service or responding to an emergency situation, and they need to be able to do their job without the risk of being hit by a passing vehicle. Whenever we see one of such vehicles on road you should slow down and move over (if possible) to give them more space and to reduce the risk of an accident. It is an important safety measure that helps protect those working on or near the road.

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According to the laws of most of the states in the USA, drivers are required to slow down and move over (if possible) for all emergency and public safety vehicles with lights flashing.

When you see an emergency vehicle, such as an ambulance, fire truck, or police car, on the side of the road with lights flashing, you must change lanes if it is safe to do so. You should slow down and drive with extra caution when passing by, even if you can't move over to another lane. When driving, keep an eye out for flashing lights in the distance, especially on freeways and busy roads. When you see the flashing lights, look for the type of vehicle and carefully merge into another lane, leaving plenty of space for the emergency vehicle to pass by. This will assist them in arriving at their destination quickly and safely.

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According to the above extract Freire's views on education can be summed up as-

For Freire, education is never neutral. All education is political – either educating to support and maintain the status quo or helping to critique and change reality. Problem-posing education does not and cannot serve the interests of the oppressor.

Education is defined as a cycle of learning that helps a person acquire and understand more complex stuff. According to the training they have received, the knowledge that has been had about a person provides an example of thought and behavior.

Education is an intentional process with certain goals in mind, such as information transmission or the development of abilities and moral character. The growth of comprehension, reason, compassion, and honesty are only a few examples of these objectives.

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Under the voting rights act of 1965, the federal government was given the power to review any changes to voting laws, specifically targeting to increase the number of voters who are registered in areas where discrimination has a history.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed by Congress with the goal of increasing the number of voters registered in areas where there had been a history of discrimination. The legislation prohibited literacy tests and authorized the appointment of Federal examiners in certain jurisdictions with a history of voter discrimination (and gave them the authority to register eligible citizens to vote).

The U.S. Attorney General or the District Court for Washington, DC had to give their "preclearance" before these jurisdictions could alter their voting practices or procedures. Through this law, the federal government acquired the authority to register voters previously held by state and local officials.

Since the Reconstruction era, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA) marked the most significant statutory change in the relationship between the federal and state governments regarding voting. As such, it was immediately contested in court. The Supreme Court handed down a number of significant rulings upholding the legality of the law between 1965 and 1969.

The question is incomplete, complete question "under the voting rights act of 1965, the federal government was given the power to review any changes to voting laws, specifically targeting what factors?"

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Under the Supremacy Clause, courts may be called upon to decide if a state law is invalid because it conflicts with a federal law.

The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the United States Constitution that establishes the authority of federal law over state law. It essentially states that if there is a conflict between federal law and state law, federal law prevails. This means that state laws that are inconsistent with federal laws can be invalidated by federal courts. The Supremacy Clause is important in maintaining a consistent legal framework across the country, and ensuring that federal laws are not undermined by conflicting state laws.

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Objective theory in contract law, means that the existence and interpretation of the contract is based on the outward manifestations of intent by the parties.

The objective theory of contract law is a basic principle that is used to establish a contract's validity. It states that an agreement is only enforceable if the parties' objective expressions of agreement are consistent with each other. This principle is also known as the outward manifestation rule, as it is based on the actions and behaviors of the parties, rather than their internal or subjective beliefs about the contract.

Objective theory is based on the idea that the parties' external conduct is more reliable than their innermost thoughts or intentions. This means that the parties' words and actions should be evaluated based on how a reasonable person would interpret them, rather than what each party may have actually intended.

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It is false that the charitable organizations are not included in the do not call list prohibitions established by the federal trade commission (ftc).

The Do Not Call List prohibitions established by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) are designed to protect consumers from unwanted telemarketing calls. These rules prohibit most telemarketing calls to consumers who have registered their numbers on the Do Not Call List. While the Charitable organizations are one of the organizations that are exempt from the Do Not Call List prohibitions. The FTC also states that charitable organizations must provide a toll-free number that consumers can call to request that the organization not make any more calls to them.

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Virtually all parties seeking Supreme Court review must petition the Court for a(n) writ of certiorari , which commands the lower court to forward the trial records to the Court.

A writ of certiorari is a legal order issued by the Supreme Court to the lower court that requires the lower court to send the records of a case to the Supreme Court.

This allows the Supreme Court to review the case and decide whether to hear it. Generally, the Supreme Court will only issue a writ of certiorari when there is a dispute between two or more parties about an issue of law or when one party is asking the Supreme Court to review a lower court's decision.

This is because the Supreme Court only has jurisdiction over cases where there is a dispute of law. Therefore, a writ of certiorari is almost always required when a party is seeking Supreme Court review.

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If you are turning left from a two-way street onto a one-way street, you should complete the turn into the left lane .

Once you have turned onto the one-way street, you may turn into any lane that is safely open and appropriate for your destination. It is important to check for other vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists before making the turn and to signal your intention to turn in advance.

If there is a center left turn lane, use it. turning left onto a two-way street from a one-way street. Starting in the far-left lane, make the turn. End the turn in the left lane closest to the middle of the street moving in the direction of your vehicle to lower the likelihood of a collision.

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