Infection by Streptococcus pyogenes can lead to the production of cross-reactive antibodies that cause autoimmune damage to heart valves, joints and kidneys. this complication is known as Rheumatic fever.
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory illness that can result from untreated strep throat or scarlet fever. Both strep throat and scarlet fever are brought on by a streptococcus (strep-toe-KOK-us) bacterial infection. Rheumatic fever most frequently affects children between the ages of 5 and 15.
If strep throat or scarlet fever infections are not appropriately treated, especially following strep skin infections, rheumatic fever may occur (impetigo). These infections are brought on by bacteria known as group A Streptococcus (group A strep). Rheumatic fever often appears 1 to 5 weeks after contracting one of these illnesses.
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neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic axon terminals into the synaptic cleft by which mechanism?
The neurotransmitters are contained in synaptic vesicles, which are later exocytotically released into the synaptic cleft.
Neurotransmitters mediate neuronal connections with their target tissues throughout the synaptic transmission process (neurotransmission).Nerve terminals create neurotransmitters, which are then released into the synaptic cleft.Neurotransmitters then bind to receptor proteins in the target tissue's cellular membrane. The target tissue that was stimulated, inhibited, or functionally altered in some other way. Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, serotonin, and histamine are a few of the most important neurotransmitters among the more than 40 found in the human nervous system.Your body cannot operate without chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. They are responsible for transporting chemical "messages" from one neuron (nerve cell) to the subsequent target cell. The following target cell may be a gland, muscle, or another nerve cell.Refer here to know more about synaptic:
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Broadly speaking, how accurate are predictions of an individual’s various characteristics based on their genome sequence?
Answer:
Highly accurate, since the genotype controls the phenotype Not accurate at all, because many traits are complex and because there are unknowns about the environment any individual has been exposed to Somewhere in-between "highly accurate"
Explanation:
what is the role of sequences of three nucleotides in the genetic code? . what is the role of sequences of three nucleotides in the genetic code? . code for one or more bases in mrna signal the end of dna synthesis code for amino acids signal the start of rna synthesis signal the start of dna synthesis
Answer & Explanation:
In the genetic code, sequences of three nucleotides, called codons, serve as the code for amino acids. Each codon represents a specific amino acid, and when these codons are read in the correct order, they specify the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Codons also have other roles in the genetic code, such as signaling the start and end of transcription and translation. For example, the codon AUG signals the start of transcription, while the codon UAG signals the end of translation.
in the euglycemic individual, what percentage of glucose is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules?
The proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney reabsorbs almost all of the filtered glucose in a typical euglycemic person.
The sodium glucose secondary active transport occurs in the proximal convoluted tubules, where sodium and glucose are actively reabsorbed.Euglycemic DKA thus presents a difficulty to doctors since patients who arrive with normal blood glucose levels while in ketoacidosis may be disregarded, delaying the use of effective management techniques. In this post, we go through every potential cause of euglycemic DKA as well as the pathophysiology that goes along with it. We also go through how these people should be diagnosed and treated. Despite euglycemia, diabetic patients' ketoacidosis is still a medical emergency that needs to be handled quickly and effectively.To know more about glucose check the below link:
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Internal fertilization, leathery amniotic egg, and skin that resists drying are characteristics of
a. birds.
b. chondrichthyans.
c. nonbird reptiles.
d. amphibians.
e. mammals.
Which of the following describes the
coastal photic zones?
A. permanent darkness below 1000 meters with
bioluminescent bacteria, bottom feeders, and angler fish
B. up to 200 meter depth and includes photosynthetic
plants, sea anemones, sponges, crabs, and clams
C. the "twilight zone" between 200-1000 meters deep
and includes whales and octopi and little life
Photic zone up to 200 meter depth and includes photosynthetic plants, sea anemones, sponges, crabs, and clams. The correct option is B.
What is photic zone?The photic zone, also known as the euphotic zone, epipelagic zone, or sunlight zone, is the uppermost layer of a body of water where phytoplankton can perform photosynthesis.
It goes through a number of physical, chemical, and biological processes that allow nutrients to enter the upper water column.
The photic zone is the top layer of the ocean, closest to the surface, and is also known as the sunlight layer. Enough light penetrates the water in this zone to allow photosynthesis.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Phytochemicals are found in all protein-rich foods, including chicken, eggs, and fish.a. Trueb. False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
the precambrian: group of answer choices is the age of algae, and occurred just before the mesozoic. is the age of trilobites, and occurred just before the mesozoic. is the age of trilobites, and occurred just before the paleozoic. is the age of algae, and occurred just before the paleozoic.
The algae provided the food and energy source that allowed the organisms to grow.
Common Precambrian fossils include stromatolites and similar structures, which are trace mats of algae like microorganisms, and microfossils of other microorganisms. The mesozoic ended with a great extinction at the end of the cretaceous period. All the dinosaurs except the birds disappeared in this extinction. Another mass extinction occurred near the end of the triassic period. The cenozoic era was a time when communities took on a more modern appearance. Bacteria were the first organisms to live on earth.They made their appearance three billion years ago in the waters of the first oceans. At first, there were only anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria.The fossil record of multicellular animals from the precambrian includes three main groups that have persisted to the present day.
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describe the structure of the stomach and indicate changes in the basic alimentary canal structure that aid its digestive function.]
The following describes the stomach's structure: Your stomach's interior lining is called mucosa. Small ridges can be seen in the mucosa of an empty stomach.
The ridges and mucosa flatten and enlarge when your stomach is full. The submucosa is made up of nerve cells, lymphatic vessels, connective tissue, and blood and blood vessels. The mucosa is encased and safeguarded by it.
The main stomach muscle is called the muscularis externa. In order to digest food, its three layers contract and relax. Your stomach's serosa is a layer of membrane. The GI tract's different components each aid in the digestion and passage of food and liquids through the body. Your body absorbs nutrients and water when you're digesting food. Then, through your large intestine, you eliminate the leftovers of digestion.
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what is the primary substance contained in the inorganic portion of bone tissue? magnesium magnesium calcium phosphate calcium phosphate collagen collagen iron
Collagen is the primary substance contained in the inorganic portion of bone tissue
The primary structural protein in the extracellular matrix that makes up the many connective tissues of the body is collagen. It makes up between 25% and 35% of the protein in a mammal's entire body and is the basic building block of connective tissue. The collagen helix, a triple helix of an extended fibril made of amino acids, is what makes up collagen. It is mostly present in connective tissue, which includes skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and bones.
The main crystalline hydroxyapatite component of the inorganic component is: [Ca3(PO4)2] 3Ca(OH) 2. Type I collagen, which makes up more than 90% of the organic component of bone, has more than 30 different proteins.
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Which type of inheritance is described here? a mutation in one gene results in heart problems, blurred vision and the inability to digest milk.
A mutation in one gene results in heart problems, blurred vision and the inability to digest milk is Pleiotropy which one gene results in heart problems, blurred vision and the inability to digest milk. Sex-linked traits can be described as a gene on chromosome 2 in mice that can cause males to lose hair earlier than females.
Pleiotropy refers to the expression of multiple traits by a single gene. These expressed features may or may not be related. Pleitropy was first noticed by the geneticist Gregor Mendel, who is known for his famous studies with pea plants. Mendel noticed that the color of a plant's flower (white or purple) was always related to the color of the leaf axil (the area on a plant stem consisting of the angle between the leaf and the top of the stem) and the seed coat.
The study of pleitropic genes is important to genetics because it helps us understand how certain traits are associated with genetic diseases. Pleitropy can be spoken of in different forms: gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, selection pleiotropy, and antagonistic pleiotropy.
This is a condition where one gene in the chromosome affects several traits of the organism. An example of a sex-biased trait is female mice having more hair than males.
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when crossing a homozygous recessive with a heterozygote, what is the chance of getting an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype?
When crossing a homozygous recessive with a heterozygote the chance of getting an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype is 50 %.
Homozygous is the condition of genotype where both the alleles of a gene are of the same type and origin. Therefore both the alleles have similar type of effect. Homozygous alleles can be of two types: both can be dominant type or both can be recessive type.
Heterozygote condition is where the genotype has one dominant and one recessive allele. Suppose a heterozygote genotype is Bb where B is dominant and b is recessive. Then the homozygous genotype for such alleles will be bb. When both are crossed the resulting offspring can have either of the two genotypes: Bb or bb. Hence there are only 50 % chances of obtaining a recessive phenotype.
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the linking together of many molecules of glucose will likely produce in the formation of what?
Answer:
When many glucose molecules are linked together in a long chain, molecules called polysaccharides are formed
polysaccharides (many sugars)
an x-linked recessive disorder is found in a particular family. using the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase allele as a marker, which contains two polymorphic forms, a and b, all family members of the pedigree were genotyped for the presence of either the a or the b or both alleles. considering the pedigree shown, what is the probability that individual iv-1 will express this disease?
There is 50% chance of carrying the mutation, so there is a 50% chance that IV-1 will show the disease.
The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase alleles allow one to trace an individual's X chromosomes throughout the pedigree, and determine the probability that an individual inherits the beneficial X allele that causes there is a disease.
Examining person III-3, who has the disease, one can conclude that the "A" polymorphic form of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase goes with the disease locus. III-1 inherited his "A" allele from his mother (II-1), who has two "A" alleles, one on each X chromosome. Since we do not know which X chromosome in II-1 contains the mutated allele, II-1 has a 50% chance of passing on the X chromosome with the mutation to its daughter, III-1 ("B " allele in III. -1 from his father). When III-1 and III-2 have their child, IV-1, the "A" allele in IV-1 must come from the mother, because the father passed the Y chromosome to IV-1, not his X chromosome. .
This is the same chromosome that has a 50% chance of carrying the mutation, so there is a 50% chance that IV-1 will show the disease.
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What are herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers? how are they alike and how are they different?
Herbicides
A sub-division under Pesticides is herbicides. It is usually referred to as weedkillers, chemicals used to manage undesirable plants or weeds. They are Nonselective herbicides, additionally referred to as overall weedkillers in business products, and may be used to clean waste grounds, business and construction sites, railroads, and railway embankments since they kill all plant material with which they come into contact. Selective herbicides attack specific weed species while leaving the desired crop relatively unscathed.
Pesticides
Pest control agents are compounds known as pesticides. Insecticide, rodenticide, insecticide, microbicide, fungicide, and lampricide are some examples of these. The majority of pesticides are designed to act as crop protection agents, or plant protection products, which often shield plants from weeds, fungi, or insects.
Fertilizers
Any substance of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or plant tissues to provide plant nutrients is referred to as a fertilizer. It is possible to distinguish fertilizers from liming agents or other non-nutrient soil additives. There are numerous natural and man-made sources of fertilizer. Fertilization for the majority of contemporary agricultural techniques concentrates on the three macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), with additions of supplements for micronutrients such as rock dust. Farmers can use a range of methods to apply these fertilizers, including dry, pelletized, or liquid application processes, as well as heavy machinery or manual tools.
Similarities
Herbicides, insecticides, and fertilizers all aid in good plant growth, which is a similarity between them. Pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers aid a plant by killing pathogens and unwanted organisms. They both provide the plants with protection and aid in optimum nutrient absorption. They aid in weed, insect, and pest growth control. Herbicides, Pesticides, and Fertilizers are available in natural form, hence they are bio-degradable.
Differences
Fertilizers provide the plant with the necessary nutrients in both dry and liquid forms. There are both organic and inorganic fertilizers. Plants utilize pesticides to get rid of, avoid, or control pests including snails, slugs, insects, and fungi that cause rots and mildew. Herbicides are substances that are used to control or modify unwelcome vegetation.To increase the number of nutrients in the soil, fertilizers are utilized. Pesticides work by eliminating, stopping, and discouraging hazardous organisms. Herbicides protect plants by eliminating the overgrown weeds in the region.To know more about Pesticides and Fertilizers, please refer to the link below:
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true or false? parasympathetic rebound occurs as a result of decreased levels of epinephrine secreted from the adrenal medulla.
True. parasympathetic rebound occurs as a result of decreased levels of epinephrine secreted from the adrenal medulla.
The parasympathetic nervous system's delayed (over-)reaction is known as parasympathetic rebound. Throughout intense and/or chronic stress the contrary sympathetic nervous system through the use of the hormones cortisol and catecholamines (like adrenaline) represses the parasympathetic actions.
The sympathetic nervous system generates and conveys yin energy by relaxing the operating of affiliated organs. Acetylcholine from the adrenal medulla stimulates the release of adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, and noradrenaline, also known as norepinephrine.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE) are released into the bloodstream by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine in the bloodstream stimulates breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and vasoconstriction, as well as widening bronchioles in the lungs. More blood is directed to the muscles, heart, and other vital organs as a result of these changes.
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Based on the lab results, which organism is most likely causing Tori's new symptoms?
Answer:
Based on the lab results, which organism is most likely causing Tori's new symptoms? Which of the following best explains why Tori developed a new series of symptoms? -Tori's immune system was compromised because of her respiratory infection, and this resulted in a yeast infection.
Explanation:
using information from the morgan's experiments, what fruit flies (genotypes and phenotypes) would you mate to determine the sequence of the body-color, wing-size, and eye-color genes on the chromosome?
6%. Recessive homozygote with vestiges of wings and purple eyes, wild type (heterozygous for regular wings and red eyes).
Morgan concluded that this eye colour gene is found on the X and that there is no comparable locus on the Chromosome 7 since the recessive trait—white eyes—was manifested only in men in the F2 generation. A fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster's sex is identified in the manner described below: When XX and XY chromosomes are combined, a female is produced.6%. Recessive homozygote with vestiges of wings and purple eyes, wild type (heterozygous for regular wings and red eyes). Due to the distance between A and B, 50% of the children produced by crossover will have recombinant phenotypes. The significant production of recombinants suggests that the genetics are not related, according to the data. For the F2 plants, there are 50 each of the blue-round and white-oval recombinants and 450 each of the blue-oval and white-round parentals.
(In another cross, a wild-type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body color and red eyes) is mated with a black fruit fly with purple eyes. The offspring are as follows: wild type, 721; black-purple, 751; gray-purple, 49; black-red, 45. What is the recombination frequency between these genes for body color and eye color? Using information from problem 4, what fruit flies (genotypes and phenotypes) would you mate to determine the sequence of the body-color, wing-size, and eye-color genes on the chromosome?)
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what is a temporary postponement or reduction of payments when you are experiencing financial difficulty called?
Forbearance is the phrase used to describe the temporary deferral of debt payments, usually for a mortgage or school loan.
What is forbearance?Instead of putting a borrower at risk of foreclosure or default, a lender may provide a borrower forbearance, which is a temporary delay of loan payments. The borrower and the lender bargain over the details of a forbearance arrangement.
What are the Guidelines for Requesting Forbearance?To request a deferment on their mortgages or student loans, borrowers can get in touch with their lenders or loan servicers. They will often need to provide evidence of a need to defer payments, such as financial hardship brought on by a serious illness or loss of employment. Lenders have a lot of freedom when selecting whether or not to grant assistance and how much, when forbearance agreements are negotiated. Successful borrowers are more likely to have a history of timely payments.
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Look at the diagram. Which forms of nitrogen are useful to producers?
Nitrogen fixation is the action of some types of microorganisms assimilating atmospheric nitrogen into organic compounds. It is the transformation of nitrogen gas into a form that can be utilised by bacteria and plants.
What steps comprise the nitrogen cycle?
Fixation of nitrogen occurs when nitrogen enters soil and surface waters, where it splits into two atoms and unites to produce ammonia.
The process of nitrification involves turning ammonia into nitrates and nitrites. Different types of microorganisms are involved.
Plants ingesting nitrites and nitrates is known as assimilation.
When plants and animals die, a process known as ammonification occurs, releasing nitrogen back into its organic form.
Denitrification: This process involves turning ammonia back into nitrogen.
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an anatomy student dissecting a cadaver notices a cranial nerve extending to the thoracic region. what specific cranial nerve is observed?
The cranial nerve CN X (Vagus nerve) is observable.
The vagus nerve (CN X) is the longest of the cranial nerves and the only one that exits the head and neck region. The vagus nerve travels into the thoracic and abdominal cavities, supplying visceral organs with parasympathetic supply.
A network of cranial nerves transmits electrical signals from your brain to various parts of your neck, head, and torso. These signals assist you in smelling, tasting, hearing, and moving your facial muscles. The cranial nerves start at the back of your head. They are an important component of your nervous system.
The cranial nerves are a group of 12 paired nerves located in the back of the brain. Cranial nerves transmit electrical signals from your brain to your face, neck, and torso. Your cranial nerves assist you in tasting, smelling, hearing, and feeling sensations. They also assist you in making facial expressions, blinking your eyes, and moving your tongue.
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although they occupy less than 1% of the global ocean floor, coral reefs are habitat for more than 50% of marine life. question 17 options: true false
True, although they occupy less than 1% of the global ocean floor, coral reefs are habitat for more than 50% of marine life.
Coral reefs are an undeniably vital a part of the sea. even though these ecosystems most effective occupy zero.01% of the ocean floor, they guide 25% of all marine lifestyles, imparting important habitat for a myriad of fish and invertebrate species.
The style of species residing on a coral reef is greater than in some other shallow-water marine surroundings, making reefs one of the maximum various ecosystems on the planet. protecting less than one percentage of the sea floor, coral reefs assist an predicted 25 percent of all acknowledged marine species.
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for a laboratory exercise in class, a student is given a mixture of small pieces of iron, sand, water, and salt. what physical property could be used to best separate the iron from the other ingredients?
Answer:
magnet
Explanation:
magnet attracts the iron
the sev rtk is expressed in more cell types than just r7 precursor cells, and it appears to be important in determining the phenotypes of these other cells. explain how one receptor can induce different phenotypes in different cell types.
A Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) called Sevenless (Sev) is necessary for the Drosophila photoreceptor to be specified.
Another RTK, the Drosophila EGF Receptor, acts to specify additional Drosophila photoreceptors (DER). It has been unknown for a long time why Sev is necessary only in the R7 precursor and what precise function it serves in determining the fate of the cell. One of the many functions of Notch (N) signalling in R7 specification is to stop DER activity from deciding the fate of the photoreceptor. According to our current understanding of Sev function, in order to get around the N-imposed restriction on photoreceptor specificity, Sev hyperactivates the RTK pathway in the R7 precursor. This viewpoint assumes that DER and Sev both activate the same transduction system, with the main distinction between them being the degree of pathway activation they cause. We created a Sev/DER chimaera to test this model.
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Krebs, digestive and respiratory system 40 points!!!!!
One molecule of glucose and two molecules of ATP are the reactants of glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration (adenosine triphosphate). The energy needed for the reaction to happen is provided by the ATP molecules.
What particular byproducts result from the process of glycolysis?Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis under aerobic conditions, and lactate under anaerobic conditions. In order to create more energy, pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle.
What is the name of the glycolysis process?Glycolysis is the initial phase of cellular respiration, which occurs in all living things. During aerobic respiration, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle. As fermentation comes after glycolysis, a small quantity of ATP is created by the cells in the absence of oxygen.
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the n u r s e knows that which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid volume and osmolality? a. liver b. kidneys c. blood vessels d. heart
The kidneys are responsible for maintaining and regulating volume and osmolality.
By adjusting the quantity of sodium and water ejected, the kidneys, in coordination with neurological and endocrine input, control the volume and osmolality of the extracellular fluid. By continuously filtering the blood, the kidneys control the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. This is essential to keep the volume and make-up of osmolality extracellular fluid consistent. This is generally done through modifying salt and water reabsorption, the methods of which vary depending on the segment of the nephron. kidneys adjusting the quantity of sodium and water ejected, the extracellular fluid's volume and osmolality are controlled.
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What happens to energy at the top of the food web?
Answer:
At the top of the food web, energy is lost as heat through the process of metabolism. The energy that is contained within the food that an organism consumes is used to power the organism's life processes, such as movement, growth, and reproduction. Some of this energy is also used to maintain the organism's body temperature, and the rest is lost as heat. In this way, energy is passed from one organism to another as it moves up the food web, with each organism taking in energy from the organism below it and losing some of that energy as heat. At the top of the food web, there is a relatively small number of organisms, and therefore the amount of energy that is available to them is limited. As a result, top predators tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, which helps them to conserve energy.
The food web in an ecosystem is a network of interconnected food chains that demonstrates the relationships between species' sources of nutrition.
Species classified as apex predators, which are typically carnivorous animals that prey on other animals, are found at the top of the food chain. These species are crucial in controlling the populations of other species in the ecosystem and preserving the stability of the food chain. The energy that travels down the food chain is ultimately produced by the sun and transformed by plants into chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis.
Energy moves up the food chain and is eventually ingested by apex predators as plants are consumed by herbivores and herbivores are digested by carnivores. When apex predators perish, their energy is subsequently transferred back into the ecosystem through the process of decomposition, which disintegrates their corpses and replenishes the environment with nutrients.
In this way, the energy that moves through the food web is continuously utilized and recycled, ensuring the ecosystem's sustained health and balance.
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as you read this question, cells in your eyes are sending information to your brain which your brain uses to form an image of the words that you read. is this information being sent along afferent or efferent nerves?
Information is sent along afferent nerves.
Nerves are like cables that carry electrical impulses between your mind and the rest of your frame. these impulses assist you sense sensations and passing your muscle mass. In addition, they hold positive autonomic capabilities like respiratory, sweating, or digesting meals. Nerve cells also are referred to as neurons.
There are 3 styles of nerves in the human body which might be labeled based on their features. The nerves conduct impulses towards or far from the principal frightened mechanism. In humans 12 pairs, the cranial nerves, are attached to the brain, and, generally, 31 pairs, the spinal nerves, are attached to the spinal cord.
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do. you think there should be rules or guidelines to determine who gets to use technologies that. change dna or organisms
yes, there should be rules or guidelines to determine who gets to use technologies that change DNA of organisms.
What is the effect of gene editing?Human embryo gene editing may lead to a better knowledge of illness and novel, non-modifying therapies. We might be able to learn more about the causes of disease by studying gene-edited embryonic stem cell lines that either cause or protect against illness.
The Pros of Gene Editing:
Tackling and Defeating DiseasesExtend Lifespan. Growth In Food Production and Its Quality Pest Resilient Crops.The Cons of Gene Editing:
Ethical Dilemma. Safety Concerns.Human genome editing technologies can be used on somatic cells (non-heritable), germ line cells (not for reproduction), and germ line cells (for reproduction).
Application of somatic human genome editing, including in vivo editing, has already been done, for example, to treat HIV and sickle-cell disease. Germ-line gene editing should be prohibited due to the serious dangers it poses to future generations, the weak medical justifications for it, the way it will only serve to exacerbate already existing inequalities and foster new forms of discrimination, the way it will undermine international agreements and the public's confidence in responsible science.
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suppose that the genome of an organism is 23% adenine (a). what should be true about the organism's genome?
If an organism's genome has 23% adenine and 23% thymine, then this is true. DNA, commonly referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid, is a biological molecule that is utilized by living cells to store genetic information.
Four nucleotides—adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine—combine to form DNA's structural building blocks. DNA is a molecule of information. Any organism's DNA should include a 1:1 ratio of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
According to Erwin Chargaff, the proportions of adenine and guanine, or A-T and G-C, correspondingly, to thymine and cytosine, respectively, are comparable in DNA. The DNA of every species and organism should have an adequate proportion of guanine and cytosine as well as adenine and thymine, according to Chargaff's requirements.
This means that if an organism's genome has 23% adenine (A), it must also include 23% thymine (T).
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