The patient is unable to move an eye because the extrinsic eye muscles are paralyzed, and the patient is unable to control movement of the eyeball. this condition is called ophthalmoplegia.
Ophthalmoplegia can be caused by congenital abnormalities, trauma, complications of viral infections, or disorders that affect the nervous system, including multiple sclerosis, cerebral tumours, migraines, and vascular (blood vessel) disease such as that associated with diabetes.The two main causes of internuclear ophthalmoplegia are: Multiple sclerosis (mostly in young people, usually both eyes are affected) Stroke (mostly in older people, usually only one eye is affected).Damage from optic nerve atrophy cannot be reversed. The underlying disease must be found and treated. Otherwise, vision loss will continue. Rarely, conditions that lead to optic atrophy may be treatable.Internal ophthalmoplegia means involvement limited to the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle. External ophthalmoplegia refers to involvement of only the extraocular muscles. Complete ophthalmoplegia indicates involvement of both.
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the nurse is reinforcing instructions to the client about insulin glargine. the nurse determines that the client understands the action of the medication if the client makes which statement?
If the client gives the statement, will give myself this medication subcutaneously once each night before bed.
A long-acting human recombinant DNA insulin called insulin glargine is used to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is given once daily at the same time every day and has a 24-hour duration of action.
Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and children with type 1 diabetes are both prescribed the drug for once-daily subcutaneous delivery. At bedtime, the daily injection should be given. The only insulin that can be added to an insulin pump is regular insulin. No matter what kind of insulin the patient uses, the blood sugar level needs to be checked at least once a day, if not more.
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the nurse is assessing a client who is receiving enteral feedings. which clinical data indicate the client may not be tolerating the tube feedings?
There are several clinical data that may indicate that a client is not tolerating enteral tube feedings. These may include abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomitting, constipation, weight loss, etc.
What are the signs that the client may not be tolerating the tube feedings?There are several clinical data that may indicate that a client is not tolerating enteral tube feedings. These include:
Abdominal pain or discomfort: If the client is experiencing abdominal pain or discomfort, this may be a sign that they are not tolerating the tube feedings well.
Nausea or vomiting: If the client is experiencing nausea or vomiting, this may indicate that the tube feedings are not being well tolerated.
Diarrhea: If the client is experiencing diarrhea, this may be a sign that the tube feedings are not being well absorbed or are causing digestive issues.
Constipation: If the client is experiencing constipation, this may be a sign that the tube feedings are not providing enough fluid or fiber to help with bowel movements.
Weight loss: If the client is experiencing weight loss despite receiving tube feedings, this may be a sign that they are not tolerating the feedings well.
It is important for the nurse to closely monitor the client's clinical data and report any concerns to the healthcare team. The nurse may need to adjust the tube feeding regimen or try alternative feeding methods if the client is not tolerating the current approach.
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you are dispatched emergent to a possible carbon monoxide poisoning in a family residence. as you are questioning your patient, your partner is about to apply the pulse oximetry. you quickly remember in school you learned that cos affinity for hemoglobin compared to oxygen is times greater?
I quickly remember in school I learned that CO's affinity for hemoglobin compared to oxygen is 200 times greater.
Carbon monoxide has a 200-fold higher affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen does. As soon as one molecule of carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin, the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve changes to the left, further increasing its affinity and significantly reducing the release of oxygen to the tissues.
The pH of tissue decreases and hydrogen ion concentration rises in carbon dioxide. Because of this, oxygen release to tissues is enhanced and hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen decreases. The lung experiences opposite changes.
Hemoglobin-bound carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen carried to bodily tissues and essential organs like the brain and heart. The link between oxygen and hemoglobin is around 200 times weaker than the bond between carbon monoxide and hemoglobin.
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a 23-year-old man presents with 2 days of rice water diarrhea after a recent trip to india. what is the appropriate pharmacologic treatment for his condition?
Doxycycline (cholera). Doxycycline is currently advised as the first-line treatment for adults, including pregnant women, and children for rice water diarrhea.
Assuming that the cholera strain is sensitive, several antibiotics, including doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, are useful in the treatment of cholera causing diarrhea. The WHO recommends only administering antibiotics to cholera patients whose condition is deemed "serious." According to this suggestion, antibiotics should only be administered to individuals who have "severe dehydration" (10% dehydration) at the time of their diagnosis. In terms of transmission, one litre of rice-water stools contains V. cholerae germs. 105 to 108 organisms constitute an infectious dosage.
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“My toe is on fire.” HPI RH is a 78-year-old man who presents to the ED complaining of significant toe pain. Mr RH states, “I think I’m paying the price for my fun at the festival.” He reports having spent the weekend indulging on beer and sausage at the local festival. In the early hours of Monday morning (approximately 3 hours ago), he awoke to sudden excruciating pain in his right big toe. Over the past hour, this toe has become red, swollen, and so painful that he cannot walk. He has not experienced any trauma or injuries. He also denies having experienced these symptoms previously. PMH HTN × 28 years PUD × 15 years Obesity × 40 years SH The patient typically drinks “a can of beer or two” daily but drank significantly on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. He does not smoke or use illicit drugs. Meds Chlorthalidone 25 mg PO daily, started 1 month ago Pantoprazole 20 mg PO daily All NKDA ROS Other than feeling somewhat dehydrated from all of his drinking, the patient has no major complaints prior to this ED visit. No chest pain, nausea/vomiting, or respiratory symptoms. Bowel habits are normal. He has no prior history of arthritic symptoms or joint problems. PE Gen A healthy-appearing, obese man in acute distress VS BP 135/70 mm Hg, P 105 bpm, RR 17, T 37.5°C; Wt 88 kg, Ht 158 cm Skin Poor skin turgor. No rashes or other dermatologic abnormalities. HEENT PERRLA, dry mucous membranes, throat/ears clear of redness or inflammation Neck/Lymph Nodes Negative for lymph node swelling or masses Lungs/Thorax Clear to auscultation bilaterally, symmetric movement with inspiration CV Tachycardic, normal rhythm, normal S1 and S2 Abd Obese, but soft, nontender; positive bowel sounds in all quadrants. Genit/Rect Deferred MS/Ext Erythematous, edematous right first metatarsophalangeal joint, which is very warm to touch; joint is exquisitely painful with patient relating the pain as currently a 10/10 (on a 1–10 scale with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worse pain the patient has ever suffered); no s
Answer:
Based on the information provided, it appears that the patient is experiencing a possible case of gout. Gout is a type of arthritis that occurs when there is an excess of uric acid in the body, which can cause the formation of crystals in the joints. Common symptoms of gout include sudden, severe pain in a joint (often the big toe), redness and swelling in the affected joint, and warmth in the affected area. It is possible that the patient's increased alcohol intake over the weekend may have contributed to the development of gout. Other risk factors for gout include obesity, high blood pressure, and certain medications. It is important for the patient to see a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of their condition. Treatment options for gout may include medications to reduce inflammation and pain, and lifestyle changes such as weight loss and reducing alcohol intake to prevent future gout attacks.
when assessing an older adult as a candidate for crutch walking, the nurse should take into account that for some elderly people, crutch walking is an impractical goal primarily because of decreased:
The nurse should take into account that for some elderly people, Crutch walking is an impractical goal primarily because of decreased Motor coordination.
Some senior citizens aren't ideal candidates for crutch walking because they aren't strong enough to use crutches or because they lack the coordination needed to walk securely with crutches. Though less crucial than motor coordination, visual acuity may have an impact on a person's capacity to learn crutch walking.
Though less crucial than motor coordination, reaction time may affect a person's capacity to acquire crutch walking. Although it may have an impact, motor coordination is more significant when learning crutch walking. The capacity to sequence the activation of muscles in a way that maintains posture is known as motor coordination.
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which foods are recommended for cancer risk reduction? potatoes and yams yellow or orange fruits and vegetables walnuts, pistachios, and almonds onions and celery
Answer: fruits and vegetables
Explanation:
a nurse is teaching the staff about the benefits of nursing outcomes classification. which information should the nurse include in the teaching session? (select all that apply.)
The information the nurse should include in the teaching session is as follows:
Adds objectivity to judging a patient's progress.Measures nursing care on a national and international level.Nursing Outcomes Classification links outcomes to NANDA International nursing diagnoses. Such a rating system adds objectivity to judging a patient's progress. The use of standardized nursing terminologies like NOC makes it easier to measure aspects of nursing care on a national and international scale. The indicators for each NOC outcome allow for measurement at any point on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from most negative to most positive.
You can use this resource to help you choose goals and outcomes for your patients. For ease of use, the Nursing Interventions Classification model has three levels: domains, classes, and interventions. The seven domains are the highest level of the model, using broad terms to organize the more specific classes and interventions.
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you are assessing a middle-aged man with chest pain that you suspect is caused by a cardiac problem. the patient tells you that he does not want to go to the hospital and insists that you leave him alone. you should:
The cardiac problem is a buildup of fatty plaques withinside the arteries (atherosclerosis) is the maximum not unusual place reason of coronary artery disease.
Risk elements consist of a negative diet, loss of exercise, weight problems and smoking. Healthy life-style selections can assist decrease the hazard of atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, heart valve disease and heart failure are the four most common types of heart disease. Heart disease refers to several types of conditions that affect the heart. It can be treated by a Healthy lifestyle habits — such as eating a low-fat, low-salt diet, getting regular exercise and good sleep, and not smoking — are an important part of treatment.
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a newborn's head circumference is 12 inches (30.5cm), and his chest measurement is 13 inches (33cm). the nurse notes that this infant has no molding, and was at breech presentation delivery by c section. what action should the nurse take based on these data?
The action the nurse should take based on these data is to record the finding on the chart since they are within normal limits.
What is nursing action?Nursing actions are described as those interventions a nurse takes to implement their patient care plan, including any treatments, procedures, or teaching moments intended to improve the patient's comfort and health.
There are typically three different categories for nursing actions and they include:
independent actionsdependent actions and interdependent actionsA newborn's head circumference is 12 inches (30.5cm), and his chest measurement is 13 inches (33cm) which is the normal limits. The nurse notes that this infant has no molding, and was at breech presentation delivery by c section. It is expected that the nurse to record the finding on the chart since they are within normal limits.
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which pregnancy complication cannot be treated with regular prenatal care?headachesexcessive weight gainhigh blood pressuregenetic abnormalities
Answer:
genetic abnormalities
Answer:
D. genetic abnormalities ( last choice)
Explanation:
assessment of a patient in the emergency department reveals that the patient is experiencing respiratory compromise. from the assessment, the team identifies that the patient is in the earliest stage of this condition. which stage would this be?
Assessment of a patient in the emergency department reveals that the patient is experiencing respiratory compromise. From the assessment, the team identifies that the patient is in the earliest stage of this condition. This stage is respiratory acidosis.
A critical condition that makes it challenging to breathe on your own is respiratory failure. When the lungs can't get enough oxygen into the blood, respiratory failure sets in. Our lungs take in oxygen from the outside air, and we exhale carbon dioxide, a waste product of the body's cells.
When your lungs can't expel all of the carbon dioxide your body produces, you get respiratory acidosis. Blood and other bodily fluids become overly acidic as a result.
Acute respiratory acidosis, or respiratory acidosis that is worsening, produces headaches, disorientation, and drowsiness while chronic respiratory acidosis is asymptomatic. Tremor, and asterixis are symptoms. A clinical diagnosis is made after measuring the serum electrolytes and arterial blood gas.
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a patient comes in complaining of 1 week of pain in the posterior neck with difficulty turning the head to the right. what additional history is needed?
The other two options may produce pain but not necessarily limit functioning.
Begin by inspecting the head for skin color and symmetry of facial movements, noting any drooping. If drooping is noted, ask the patient to smile, frown, and raise their eyebrows and observe for symmetrical movement.
The eyebrows, eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, as well as the palpebral fissures, and the nasolabial folds should appear symmetric when inspecting the head.
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A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The client tells the nurse, "I can feel the congestion in my lungs, and I certainly cough a lot, but I can't seem to bring anything up." Which of the following actions should the nurse take to help this client with tenacious bronchial secretions?
Maintaining a semi-Fowler's position as often as possible
Administering oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min
Helping the client select a low-salt diet
Encouraging the client to drink 2 to 3 L of water daily
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and he feel the congestion in the lungs therefore the action the nurse should take to help this client with tenacious bronchial secretions is to administer oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min which is therefore denoted as option B.
Who is a Nurse?This is referred to as a healthcare professional who specializes in taking care of the sick and ensuring that adequate recovery is achieved in other to prevent various forms of complications.
In this scenario we were told that the client has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and feels congestion in the lungs which means that there is difficulty in breathing in the affected individual.
This is therefore the reason why it is best to administer oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min so as to assist in breathing and drugs such as bronchodilators should be prescribed to clear the congestion.
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according to quality and safety education for nurses (qsen), what intervention will best help reduce the risk of medication errors?
Alerting other staff to not bother the nurse when preparing medications to administer help reduce the risk of medication errors.
A substance used to treat, diagnose, or prevent disease is known as a medication. A significant area of medicine is drug therapy, which depends on the growth of pharmacology science blood pH and the administration of pharmacy. Pharmaceutical corporations, academia scientists, and governments all engage in complicated and expensive initiatives related to drug research and development. Because of the complicated process involved in moving a medication candidate from discovery to commercialization, partnering is now considered best practise. Governments typically control how pharmaceuticals are promoted, what drugs can be marketed, and in some places, how much drugs cost. Disposal of old medications and drug pricing have become contentious issues.
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a median episiotomy was performed during a vaginal delivery. the doctor cut too far posteriorly. which perineal structure was cut? chapter 11
An episiotomy is a perineum incision performed during the second stage of labour to facilitate the birth of an infant. The most common are lateral and median episiotomy, as well as mediolateral episiotomies.
A midwife can assist you in avoiding a tear during labour when the baby's head becomes visible. The midwife will instruct you to stop pushing and pant or puff a couple of quick short breaths, blowing out through your mouth. The skin of the perineum usually stretches well, but it can tear, especially in first-time mothers. Massaging the perineum in the final weeks of pregnancy can lower the chances of having an episiotomy during birth.
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An episiotomy is a perineum incision performed during the second stage of labour to facilitate the birth of an infant. The most common are lateral and median episiotomy, as well as mediolateral episiotomies.
A midwife can assist you in avoiding a tear during labour when the baby's head becomes visible. The midwife will instruct you to stop pushing and pant or puff a couple of quick short breaths, blowing out through your mouth. The skin of the perineum usually stretches well, but it can tear, especially in first-time mothers. Massaging the perineum in the final weeks of pregnancy can lower the chances of having an episiotomy during birth.
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what is a possible health benefit of anthocyanins? a. to protect against the effects of aging b. to promote weight loss c. to prevent some cancers d. to reduce complications of diabetes e. to lower blood cholesterol levels
The best health benefit of anthocyanins is that it prevent some cancers which means option c is the correct choice.
Anthocyanins possess antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-obesity effects, as well as prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Anthocyanins are a collection of antioxidants determined in red, blue, and pink end result and veggies. A weight loss program wealthy in those compounds may also save you infection and defend in opposition to kind 2 diabetes, cancer, and coronary heart disease. Regularly consuming anthocyanin-wealthy ingredients can also advantage your reminiscence and normal mind health.
Therefore, option c is the correct choice.
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nurse prepares to administer a scheduled dose of digoxin. the nurse finds a new laboratory report showing a plasma digoxin level of 0.7 ng/ml. what action should the nurse take?
After the laboratory report shows a plasma digoxin level of 0.7 ng/ml, the nurse should check the patient's apical pulse, and if it is within a safe range, administer the digoxin.
Digoxin, sold beneath the name Lanoxin among others, could be a medication wont to treat numerous heart conditions. most often it's used for fibrillation, chamber flutter, and cardiopathy. digitalis is one in all the oldest medications employed in the sector of medicine.
Your apical pulse is a pulse purpose on your chest at all-time low tip (apex) of your heart. It's completely different than your blood vessel pulse points as a result of it lets your supplier listen on to your heart because it contracts and radiates blood.
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the main problem with u.s. services for the elderly who have adl (activities of daily life) impairments but do not need nursing-home care is their:
The main problem with U.S. services for the elderly who have ADL (activities of daily life) impairments but do not need nursing-home care is their high cost.
The activities of daily living ar classified into basic ADLs and Instrumental Activities of Daily Life (IADLs). The fundamental ADLs (BADL) or physical ADLs ar those skills needed to manage one's basic physical wants, as well as personal hygiene or grooming, dressing, toileting, transferring or ambulating, and eating.
Nursing Home Care is provided 24-hours on a daily basis by Registered Nurses who ar supported by Care Assistants. All residents need some part of medical care like administration of endovenous medication and or wound care; these are simply a couple of attainable reasons why 24-hour medical care would be needed.
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a float nurse arrives on the unit to assist in the care of clients for the shift. during report, the charge nurse notes that the float nurse appears disheveled, flushed, and is trembling slightly while drinking coffee. based on this information,what should the charge nurse do?
It is crucial to preserve thorough, impartial records if questionable conduct is seen. The offer of aid in finding therapy should be made during a confrontation that takes place in front of a manager or another nurse.
What does it mean to engage in conflict?the act of confronting; the condition of being confronted; an in-person meeting, for example. a clash of forces or ideas; a confrontation between both the culprit and the victim.
What kind of individual avoids conflict?Exactly as it sounds, conflict avoidance refers to the extreme fear of potential confrontations. Avoiding confrontation can show up in our relationships, friendships, and sometimes even family dynamics aside from our professional lives.
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when treating a patient with a hospital acquired infection with vancomycin, what would you do? a) report the hai to medicare b) assess patients response c) obtain wbc count d) ensure to obtain a peak and trough
When treating a patient with vancomycin for a hospital-acquired infection, I would "ensure to obtain a peak and trough". The correct answer is D.
What do the peaks and troughs of vancomycin mean?Drug levels in a person's body are indicated by their peak and trough levels. A medication's blood level peaks at its maximum concentration, while its trough levels reflect its lowest concentration. The nurse must ensure that she/he gets a peak and trough while administering vancomycin to a client for a hospital-acquired illness. Draw a trough sample no later than 30 minutes before the following dosage. Draw the peak specimen one to two hours after the intravenous dosing is finished.
The antibiotic vancomycin is used to treat severe, perhaps fatal infections caused by gram-positive bacteria that have become resistant to less damaging drugs.
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a client with hypertension receives a prescription for carteolol (cartel) 7.5mg po daily. the drug is available in 2.5 mg tablets. how many tablets should the nurse administer?
A client with hypertension receives a prescription for carteolol (cartel) 7.5mg po daily and the drug is available in 2.5 mg tablets, so, 3 tablets the nurse should administer.
Hypertension, additionally known as high blood pressure, is vital sign that's more than normal level of blood pressure. Your blood pressure changes throughout the day supported your activities. Having blood pressure measures systematically on top of traditional could lead to a diagnosing of high blood pressure (or hypertension).
Carteolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent wont to treat eye disease. it absolutely was proprietary in 1972 and approved for medical use in 1980. Carteolol is employed alone or in conjunction with alternative medicines to treat enlarged pressure within the eye that's caused by chronic glaucoma or a condition known as intraocular (in the eye) high blood pressure.
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you have been called for an interfacility transport of a patient who recently contracted meningococcal meningitis while traveling abroad. the disease is highly contagious, and the hospital has secured the patient in a negative-pressure room. you are briefed on appropriate ppe precautions to take. the term used to describe the patient's current seclusion is?
Isolation is the confinement of those who are contagious and have an active illness. Groups of individuals who are asymptomatic at the moment but may have been exposed to a contagious sickness are placed in quarantine.
What does patience really mean?The term "patience" denotes the ability to wait patiently, endure hardship without becoming agitated or irritated, and do so for an extended length of time. However, when the term "patient" is used in the plural, "patients" refers to someone who gets medical care.
How do patients define themselves?Patient comes from the English phrase "adult and pediatric patients," which connotes tolerating or suffering. The patient is really considered passive under this language.
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todd is a 26-year-old personal trainer who requires 3,000 calories per day. todd is very conscientious about his diet and ensures his daily food intake does not exceed or fall below 3,000 calories. what characteristic of a nutritious diet does todd's diet display?
The characteristic that Todd's diet display is Moderation means not eating to extremes, neither too much nor too little.
Moderation may be described as “the avoidance of excess.” In nutrition, ingesting carefully is the exercise of best eating the quantity of meals your frame calls for so that it will be healthful. Moderation in a healthful weight-reduction plan approach ingesting meals withinside the proper quantity or quantity. You have to keep away from ingesting a specific meals or nutrient excessively or insufficiently on the grounds that it is able to bring about both overnutrition or undernutrition. The primary reason moderation is an effective weight-loss tool is that caloric intake usually decreases.
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a loading dose of acetylcysteine (mucomyst) 8 grams, which is available as a 20% solution (200 mg acetylcysteine per ml) is prescribed by nasogastric tube for a client with acetaminophen toxicity. how many ml of diluent should be added to the medication to obtain a 1:4 concentration?
120 ml of diluent should be added to the medication to obtain a 1:4 concentration.
8 grams = 8,000 mg prescribed dose. Using the formula, D/H x Q, 8,000 mg / 200 mg x 1 ml = 40 ml of the 20% solution. Dilute the 40 ml to a 1:4 concentration for administration using ratio and proportion, 1 : 4 solution :: 40 ml : X X= 160 ml total volume to administer. Subtract total volume of 160 ml - 40 ml of 20% concentration = 120 ml diluent is added to obtain a 1:4 concentration.
Acetaminophen toxicity is the second most frequent reason of liver transplantation worldwide and is the most common cause of liver transplantation in the United States. It is responsible for 56,000 emergency room visits, 2,600 hospitalizations, and 500 deaths each year in the United States. Fifty percent of them are unintentional overdose deaths. More than 60 million Americans devour acetaminophen on a weekly basis, and most are unaware that it is contained throughout combined products. This activity examines the aetiology, evaluation, as well as treatment of acetaminophen overdose and emphasises the value of an interprofessional team in managing and preventing this problem.
Acetylcysteine is used to thin and loosen mucus in the airways caused by certain lung diseases when inhaled orally. This effect aids in the removal of mucus from the lungs, allowing you to breathe more easily. Acetylcysteine is employed to prevent liver failure from acetaminophen overdose when taken orally.
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a patient develops a tumor in one of their parathyroid glands, causing an increase in the release of parathyroid hormone into the blood. what would be the result?
Answer:
Hypercalcemia
Explanation:
Parathyroid tumors may increase the levels of parathyroid hormones. This leads to more calcium in your blood. This is called hypercalcemia.
a client is experiencing pain, tingling, and numbness of the thumb and first, second, third, and half of the fourth digits of the hand. she states that she has pain in the wrist and hand, which worsens at night, and she has noticed that they have become clumsy. the nurse recognizes these manifestations as:
Answer:
carpal tunnel syndrome
you respond to a residential house for a 24-year-old who was found lying on his bathroom floor, turning blue with agonal breathing. patient's vitals are: blood pressure 158/104, pulse 64, respirations 4. you suspect?
I suspect narcotic overdose in the 24-year-old man found laying on his bathroom floor, turning blue with agonal breathing and blood pressure 158/104, heartbeat 64, and respirations 4. The correct answer is A.
Overdose symptoms of narcotics include the following:
Consciousness lossnon-responsive to external stimuliconscious, yet unable to communicateBreathing is erratic, sluggish, and shallow, or has ceased.People with lighter skin tones turn blueish purple, while those with darker skin tones turn grey or ashen.Choking noises or a snoring-like gurgling noise The body is terribly limp.The skin on the face is extremely pale or clammy.Blue to purplish black nails and lipsThe pulse is sluggish, irregular, or not present at all.VomitingThis question should be provided with answer choices, which are:
(A) Narcotic overdose(B) Congestive heart failure(C) Myocardial infarction(D) Marijuana overdoseThe correct answer is A.
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the client's family member states that she will schedule a mammogram and she asks the nurse if it will be painful. how should the nurse respond?
The client's family member states that she will schedule a mammogram and she asks the nurse if it will be painful. The nurse respond show the client's family what most women say causes the discomfort during a mammogram.
An X-ray image of the breast is what a mammogram is. Mammograms are used by doctors to search for early indications of breast cancer. The greatest test available to doctors for early detection of breast cancer, which can occur up to three years before symptoms manifest, is a routine mammography.
On a plastic plate, a technologist will place your breast. From above, another plate will firmly push against your breast. The breast will be held steady and flattened by the plates while the X-ray is taken. You'll experience some pressure. To create a side view of the breast, repeat the steps. The other breast will also undergo the same type of X-ray. After that, you will have to wait while the technician examines the X-rays to make sure the images do not need to be redone.
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A 4-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department by his parents after a choking incident that occurred one hour ago. The parents tell you that their son was eating steak, started to laugh and then began choking. Since the incident, he has been coughing and wheezing. Physical exam reveals unilateral diminished breath sounds with auscultation of the lungs. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. begin a course of antibiotics and steroids
B. CXR
C. flexible bronchoscopy
D. rigid bronchoscopy
The option that is most appropriate next step in the management of a 4-year-old patient with unilateral diminished breath sounds with auscultation of the lungs is rigid bronchoscopy. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Rigid bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that is used to gain access to a patient's airway, thus allowing larger airway instruments (and cameras) to diagnose and treat airway diseases. It is also used to treat airway obstruction and remove foreign objects.
The patient in the question above has unilateral diminished breath sounds. It may mean that there is air or fluid in or around the lungs. It also may indicate that an over-inflation of a part of the lungs is happening. To make sure what happened to the patient's lungs and how to treat him properly, the physicians should use rigid bronchoscopy to find out with minimum risk.
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