Identify the term that matches each electrochemistry definition. The electrode where oxidation occurs Cathode The electrode where reduction occurs Choose... An electrochemical cell powered by a spontaneous redox reaction Choose... An electrochemical cell that takes in energy to carry out a nonspontaneous redox reaction Choose... A chemical equation showing either oxidation or reduction Choose...
Answer:
An electrochemical cell that takes in energy to carry out a nonspontaneous redox reaction
Assume you dissolve 0.235 g of the weak benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H in enough water to make 100.0 mL of the solution and then titrate the solution with 0.108 M NaOH. Benzoic acid is a monoprotic acid.
1. What is the pH of the original benzoic acid solution before the titration is started?
2. What is the pH when 7.00 mL of the base is added? (Hint: This is in the buffer region.)
3. What is the pH at the equivalence point?
Answer:
1. pH = 2.98
2. pH = 4.02
3. pH = 8.12
Explanation:
1. Initial molarity of benzoic acid (Molar mass: 122.12g/mol; Ka = 6.14x10⁻⁵) is:
0.235 ₓ (1mol / 122.12g) = 1.92x10⁻³ moles / 0.100L = 0.01924M
The equilibrium of benzoic acid with water is:
C6H5CO2H(aq) + H2O(l) → C6H5O-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
And Ka is defined as the ratio between equilibrium concentrations of products over reactants, thus:
Ka = 6.14x10⁻⁵ = [C6H5O⁻] [H3O⁺] / [C6H5CO2H]
The benzoic acid will react with water until reach equilibrium. And equilibrium concentrations will be:
[C6H5CO2H] = 0.01924 - X
[C6H5O⁻] = X
[H3O⁺] = X
Replacing in Ka:
6.14x10⁻⁵ = [X] [X] / [0.01924 - X]
1.1815x10⁻⁶ - 6.14x10⁻⁵X = X²
1.1815x10⁻⁶ - 6.14x10⁻⁵X - X² = 0
Solving for X:
X = -0.0010→ False solution. There is no negative concentrations
X = 0.0010567M → Right solution.
pH = - log [H3O⁺] and as [H3O⁺] = X:
pH = - log [0.0010567M]
pH = 2.982.
pH of a buffer is determined using H-H equation (For benzoic acid:
pH = pka + log [C6H5O⁻] / [C6H5OH]
pKa = -log Ka = 4.21 and [] could be understood as moles of each chemical
The benzoic acid reacts with NaOH as follows:
C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5O⁻ + Na⁺ + H₂O
That means NaOH added = Moles C6H5O⁻ And C6H5OH = Initial moles (1.92x10⁻³ moles - Moles NaOH added)
7.00mL of NaOH 0.108M are:
7x10⁻³L ₓ (0.108 mol / L) = 7.56x10⁻⁴ moles NaOH = Moles C₆H₅O⁻
And moles C6H5OH = 1.92x10⁻³ moles - 7.56x10⁻⁴ moles = 1.164x10⁻³ moles C₆H₅OH
Replacing in H-H equation:
pH = 4.21 + log [7.56x10⁻⁴ moles] / [ 1.164x10⁻³ moles]
pH = 4.023. At equivalence point, all C6H5OH reacts producing C6H5O⁻. The moles are 1.164x10⁻³ moles
Volume of NaOH to reach equivalence point:
1.164x10⁻³ moles ₓ (1L / 0.108mol) = 0.011L. As initial volume was 0.100L, In equivalence point volume is 0.111L and concentration of C₆H₅O⁻ is:
1.164x10⁻³ moles / 0.111L = 0.01049M
Equilibrium of C₆H₅O⁻ with water is:
C₆H₅O⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ C₆H₅OH(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
Kb = [C₆H₅OH] [OH⁻]/ [C₆H₅O⁻]
Kb = kw / Ka = 1x10⁻¹⁴ / 6.14x10⁻⁵ = 1.63x10⁻¹⁰
Equilibrium concentrations of the species are:
C₆H₅O⁻ = 0.01049M - X
C₆H₅OH = X
OH⁻ = X
Replacing in Kb expression:
1.63x10⁻¹⁰ = X² / 0.01049- X
1.71x10⁻¹² - 1.63x10⁻¹⁰X - X² = 0
Solving for X:
X = -1.3x10⁻⁶ → False solution
X = 1.3076x10⁻⁶ → Right solution
[OH⁻] = 1.3076x10⁻⁶
as pOH = -log [OH⁻]
pOH = 5.88
And pH = 14 - pOH
pH = 8.12How many equivalent resonance structures can be drawn for the molecule of SO3 without having to violate the octet rule on the sulfur atom
Answer:
3
Explanation:
Resonance is a valence bond concept put forward by Linus Pauling to explain the fact that the observed properties of a molecule may be as a result of the fact that its actual structure lie somewhere between a given number of structural extremes called canonical structures or resonance structures.
There are three resonance structures for SO3 that obey the octet rule. All the S-O bonds in SO3 are equivalent in these resonance structures.
Seven equivalent resonance structures for the molecular of SO3 can be drawn without breaking the octet rule.
We can arrive at this answer because:
The octet rule is a rule that states that an atom must reach stability when it has eight electrons in the valence layer.This means that in bonds that cause the donation or sharing of electrons between atoms, each atom has eight electrons in the valence layer.In chemistry, resonance is a term that refers to structures created to represent the donation or sharing of electrons between the atoms of a molecule.These structures can be arranged in different ways, as long as they respect the octet rule.In an SO3 molecule, electrons are shared between atoms. This sharing can be done with seven resonance structures.
These structures are shown in the figure below.
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How many cups are in five gallons?
Answer:
In 5 US liquid gallons, there are 80 cups.
Explanation:
To get from gallons to cups, just multiply the amount of gallons you have by 16.
A 0.753 g sample of a monoprotic acid is dissolved in water and titrated with 0.250 M NaOH. What is the molar mass of the acid if 21.5 mL of the NaOH solution is required to neutralize the sample?
Answer:
[tex]MM_{acid}=140.1g/mol[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since the acid is monoprotic, we can notice a 1:1 molar ratio between, therefore, for the titration at the equivalence point, we have:
[tex]n_{acid}=n_{base} \\\\V_{acid}M_{acid}=V_{base}M_{base}\\\\n_{acid}=V_{base}M_{base}[/tex]
Thus, solving for the moles of the acid, we obtain:
[tex]n_{acid}=0.0215L*0.250\frac{mol}{L}=5.375x10^{-3}mol[/tex]
Then, by using the mass of the acid, we compute its molar mass:
[tex]MM_{acid}=\frac{0.753g}{5.375x10^{-5}mol} \\\\MM_{acid}=140.1g/mol[/tex]
Regards.
Solid sodium iodide is slowly added to a solution that is 0.0050 M Pb 2+ and 0.0050 M Ag +. [K sp (PbI 2) = 1.4 × 10 –8; K sp (AgI) = 8.3 × 10 –17] Calculate the Ag + concentration when PbI 2 just begins to precipitate.
Answer:
[Ag⁺] = 5.0x10⁻¹⁴M
Explanation:
The product solubility constant, Ksp, of the insoluble salts PbI₂ and AgI is defined as follows:
Ksp(PbI₂) = [Pb²⁺] [I⁻]² = 1.4x10⁻⁸
Ksp(AgI) = [Ag⁺] [I⁻] = 8.3x10⁻¹⁷
The PbI₂ just begin to precipitate when the product [Pb²⁺] [I⁻]² = 1.4x10⁻⁸
As the initial [Pb²⁺] = 0.0050M:
[Pb²⁺] [I⁻]² = 1.4x10⁻⁸
[0.0050] [I⁻]² = 1.4x10⁻⁸
[I⁻]² = 1.4x10⁻⁸ / 0.0050
[I⁻]² = 2.8x10⁻⁶
[I⁻] = 1.67x10⁻³So, as the [I⁻] concentration is also in the expression of Ksp of AgI and you know concentration in solution of I⁻ = 1.67x10⁻³M:
[Ag⁺] [I⁻] = 8.3x10⁻¹⁷
[Ag⁺] [1.67x10⁻³] = 8.3x10⁻¹⁷
[Ag⁺] = 5.0x10⁻¹⁴MWhy are cells important to an organisms survival
Answer:
Cells are the basic structures of all living organisms. Cells provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food and carry out important functions. ... These organelles carry out tasks such as making proteins?, processing chemicals and generating energy for the cell
Answer: I absolutely love this question! Biology is so interesting, so I always love to answer the curiosity of others regarding biology, such as that!
Cells are simply the basic structures of all organisms, that are living, of course! Cells provide structure for the body, and they also take in nutrients that your body needs from food and they carry out important functions. These organelles carry out tasks such as making proteins, processing chemicals, and generating energy for the cell. Isn’t that cool?
Hope this helped! <3
0.22 L of HNO3 is titrated to equivalence using 0.18 L of 0.2 MNaOH. What is the concentration of the HNO3?
Answer:
0.16 M
Explanation:
Data provided as per the question is below:-
Volume of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] = 0.22 L
The Volume of NaOH = 0.18 L
Morality of NaOH = 0.2
According to the given situation, the calculation of the concentration of the [tex]HNO_3[/tex] is shown below:-
For equivalence,
Number of the equivalent of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] = Number of equivalents of NaOH
[tex]= \frac{0.18\times0.2}{0.22}[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{0.036}{0.22}[/tex]
= 0.16363 M
or
= 0.16 M
According to the following reaction, how many grams of ammonia will be formed upon the complete reaction of 31.2 grams of hydrogen gas with excess nitrogen gas ? nitrogen(g) + hydrogen(g) ammonia(g)
Answer:
176.8 g of ammonia, NH3.
Explanation:
We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:
N2 + 3H2 —> 2NH3
Next, we shall determine the mass of H2 that reacted and the mass of NH3 produced from the balanced equation. This is illustrated below:
Molar mass of H2 = 2x1 = 2 g/mol
Mass of H2 from the balanced equation = 3 x 2 = 6 g
Molar mass of NH3 = 14 + (3x1) = 17 g/mol
Mass of NH3 from the balanced equation = 2 x 17 = 34 g.
From the balanced equation above,
6 g of H2 reacted to produce 34 g of NH3.
Finally, we shall determine the mass of ammonia, NH3 produced by reacting 31.2 g of H2.
This can be obtained as follow:
From the balanced equation above,
6 g of H2 reacted to produce 34 g of NH3.
Therefore, 31.2 g of H2 will react to produce = (31.2 x 34)/6 = 176.8 g of NH3.
Therefore, 176.8 g of ammonia, NH3 were obtained from the reaction.
g When considering the effects of temperature on spontaneity, if both ΔH and ΔS are positive, _______. Select the correct answer below: the process is spontaneous at all temperatures
Explanation:
The spontaneity of a system is deduced by the sign of the gibbs free energy value. If it is negative, it means the process / reaction is spontaneous however a positive value indicates the such process is not spontaneous.
Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy are related by the following equation;
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
A positive value of enthalpy, H and entropy, S means that G would always be a negative value at all temperatures.
Draw a picture of what you imagine solid sodium chloride looks like at the atomic level. (Do NOT draw Lewis structures.) Make sure to include a key. Then describe what you've drawn and any assumptions you are making.
Answer:
Kindly check the explanation section.
Explanation:
PS: kindly check the attachment below for the required diagram that is the diagram showing solid sodium chloride looks like at the atomic level.
The chemical compound known as sodium chloride, NaCl has Molar mass: 58.44 g/mol, Melting point: 801 °C and
Boiling point: 1,465 °C. The structure of the solid sodium chloride is FACE CENTRED CUBIC STRUCTURE. Also, solid sodium chloride has a coordination number of 6: 6.
In the diagram below, the positive sign shows the sodium ion while the thick full stop sign represent the chlorine ion.
The NaCl has been the ionic structure with an equal number of sodium and chlorine ions bonded.
In the structure, there has been each Na ion bonded with the Cl ions. There has been the transfer of electrons between the structure in order to attain a stable configuration.
The expected structure of the NaCl would be the image attached below.
The image has been the cubic structure of NaCl. With the presence of Na ions at the vertex of the structure, there has been the presence of the Cl ion with every Na ion for the electron transfer.
For more information about the structure of NaCl, refer to the link:
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explain how the liquid in a thermometer changes so that it can be used to measure a temprature
Answer:
The liquid that is often used in thermometers is chrome.
It is khwon for raising its volule when the temperature raises and vice-versa. ● the temperature and the volume are proprtional to each other so using Mathematics, scientists have figured out a way to benefit from it to make a thermometer.
the pain reliever codeine is a weak base with a kb equal to 1.6 x 10^-6. what is the ph of a 0.05 m aqueous codeine solution
Answer:
[tex]pH=10.45[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, for the dissociation of the given base, we have:
[tex]base\rightleftharpoons OH^-+CA[/tex]
Whereas CA accounts for conjugated acid and OH⁻ for the conjugated base. In such a way, equilibrium expression is:
[tex]Kb=\frac{[OH^-][CA^+]}{[base]}[/tex]
And in terms of the reaction extent [tex]x[/tex] we can write:
[tex]1.6x10^{-6}=\frac{x*x}{0.05M-x}[/tex]
For which the roots are:
[tex]x_1=-0.000284M\\x_2=0.000282M[/tex]
For which clearly the result is the positive root which also equals the concentration of hydroxyl ions and we can compute the pOH:
[tex]pOH=-log([OH^-])=-log(0.000282)\\\\pOH=3.55[/tex]
And the pH:
[tex]pH=14-pOH=14-3.55\\\\pH=10.45[/tex]
Regards.
The pH of the solution is 10.45.
Let us represent codeine with the generic formula BH. We can set up the ICE table as follows;
:B(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ BH(aq) + OH^-(aq)
I 0.05 0 0
C -x +x +x
E 0.05 - x x x
We know that the Kb of codeine is 1.6 x 10^-6, Hence;
1.6 x 10^-6 = x^2/0.05 - x
1.6 x 10^-6 (0.05 - x ) = x^2
8 x 10^-8 - 1.6 x 10^-6x = x^2
x^2 + 1.6 x 10^-6x - 8 x 10^-8 = 0
x = 0.00028 M
The concentration of hydroxide ions = 0.00028 M
Given that pOH = - log[0.00028 M]
pOH = 3.55
pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - 3.55
pH = 10.45
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What is the frequency of a photon having an energy of 4.91 × 10–17 ? (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J · s)
Answer:
The frequency of the photon is 7.41*10¹⁶ Hz
Explanation:
Planck states that light is made up of photons, whose energy is directly proportional to the frequency of radiation, according to a constant of proportionality, h, which is called Planck's constant. This is expressed by:
E = h*v
where E is the energy, h the Planck constant (whose value is 6.63*10⁻³⁴ J.s) and v the frequency (Hz or s⁻¹).
So the frequency will be:
[tex]v=\frac{E}{h}[/tex]
Being E= 4.91*10⁻¹⁷ J and replacing:
[tex]v=\frac{4.91*10^{-17} J}{6.63*10^{-34} J.s}[/tex]
You can get:
v= 7.41*10¹⁶ [tex]\frac{1}{s}[/tex]= 7.41*10¹⁶ Hz
The frequency of the photon is 7.41*10¹⁶ Hz
For the reaction 3H 2(g) + N 2(g) 2NH 3(g), K c = 9.0 at 350°C. What is the value of ΔG at this temperature when 1.0 mol NH 3, 5.0 mol N 2, and 5.0 mol H 2 are mixed in a 2.5 L reactor?
Answer:
ΔG = - 31.7kJ/mol
Explanation:
It is possible to find ΔG of a reaction at certain temperature knowing Kc following the equation:
ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q
ΔG° = -RT lnKc
ΔG = -RT lnKc + RT ln Q (1)
Where R is gas constant (8.314J/molK), T absolute temperature (350°C + 273.15 = 623.15K) and Q reaction quotient
For the reaction,
3H₂(g) + N₂(g) ⇄ 2NH₃(g)
Q = [NH₃]² / [H₂]³[N₂]
Where the concentrations of each chemical are:
[NH₃] = 1.0mol / 2.5L = 0.4M
[H₂] = 5.0mol / 2.5L = 2M
[N₂] = 2.5mol / 2.5L = 1M}
Q = [0.4M]² / [2M]³[1M]
Q = 0.02
And replacing in (1):
ΔG = -RT lnKc + RT ln Q
ΔG = -8.314J/molK*623.15K ln 9 + 8.314J/molK*623.15K ln 0.02
ΔG = - 31651J/mol
ΔG = - 31.7kJ/molWhich option draws the correct conclusion from the following case study?
A patient with sickle-cell anemia and a fever goes to the emergency room and is given Tylenol to reduce
the fever. The patient has seizures and dies after taking the Tylenol. The physician writes up this case as
an interesting outcome for a patient with sickle-cell anemia.
The case study's validity is obvious because it describes a real-life situation.
The case study was influenced by bias, and led to incorrect conclusions being drawn
The case study was not intended to produce a generalized conclusion about treatment
Upon reading this case study, physicians should stop treating sickle cell patients with fevers using Tylenol
Answer:
I believe the answer The case study was influenced by bias, and led to incorrect conclusions being drawn. plz correct me if I am wrong
Explanation:
Answer: options B
Explanation:
If we represent the equilibrium as:...N2O4(g) 2 NO2(g) We can conclude that: 1. This reaction is: A. Exothermic B. Endothermic C. Neutral D. More information is needed to answer this question. 2. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium constant, K: A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains the same D. More information is needed to answer this question. 3. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium concentration of NO2: A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains the same D. More information is needed to answer this question.
Answer:
1. This reaction is: B. Endothermic.
2. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium constant, K: A. Increases.
3. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium concentration of NO2: A. Increases.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, considering the images, we can state that the red color at high temperature is due to the presence of nitrogen dioxide (product) and the lower coloring is due to the presence of dinitrogen tetroxide (reactant) at low temperature.
With the aforementioned, we can conclude that the chemical reaction:
[tex]N_2O_4(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 NO_2(g)[/tex]
Is endothermic since high temperatures favor the formation of the product and the low temperatures favor the consumption of the the reactant. thereby:
1. This reaction is: B. Endothermic.
2. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium constant, K: A. Increases. In this particular case, since the dinitrogen tetroxide has 1 molecule and nitrogen dioxide two molecules in the chemical reaction, the entropy change should be positive, therefore, by increasing the T, the Gibbs free energy of reaction becomes more negative:
[tex]G=H-TS[/tex]
As Gibbs free energy becomes more negative, the equilibrium constant becomes bigger given their relationship:
[tex]K=exp(-\frac{\Delta G}{RT} )[/tex]
3. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium concentration of NO2: A. Increases.
Regards.
4. Given that the enthalpy of reaction for a system at 298 K is -292 kJ/mol and the entropy for that system is 224 J/mol K, what's the free energy for the system?
A.-87,793 kJ
B.-358 kJ
C.-225 kJ
D. -66,751 kJ
Answer:
[tex]\Delta G=-359\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we must remember that the Gibbs free energy is defined in terms of the enthalpy, temperature and entropy as shown below:
[tex]\Delta G=\Delta H -T\Delta S\\[/tex]
In such a way, for the given data, we obtain it, considering the conversion from J to kJ for the entropy in order to conserve the proper units:
[tex]\Delta G=-292\frac{kJ}{mol} -(298)(224\frac{J}{mol}*\frac{1kJ}{1000J} )\\\\\Delta G=-359\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]
Best regards.
Answer:
B- 358 kj
Explanation: I took the test
Draw the structure of beeswax.beeswax is made from the esterfication of a saturated 16-carbon fatty acid and a 30 carbon straight chain primary alcohol.
Answer:
Triacontyl palmitate
Explanation:
In this case, we have a reaction between an acid and an alcohol. When we put together these kind of compounds an ester is produced. This reaction is called "esterification".
In our case, the alcohol is a structure with 30 carbon in which the "OH" group is bonded on carbon 1. The name of this compound is "n-triacontanol". The acid is a structure in which we have 16 carbon in which the "COOH" group is placed on carbon 1. The name of this compound is "palmitic acid". The ester produced by the acid and the alcohol is "Triacontyl palmitate".
See figure 1.
I hope it helps!
Which of the following pairs of chemical reactions are inverses of each other? Answer options: a. Hydrogenation and alkylation b.Halogenation and hydrolysis c. Ammoniation and alkylation d. Oxidation and reduction
Answer:
d. Oxidation and reduction
Explanation:
For this question we have to remember the definition of each type of reaction:
-) Hydrogenation
In this reaction, we have the addition of hydrogen to a molecule. Usually, an alkene or alkyne. In the example, molecular hydrogen is added to a double bond to produce an alkane.
-) Alkylation
In this reaction, we have the addition of a chain of carbon to another molecule. In the example, an ethyl group is added to a benzene ring.
-) Hydrolysis
In this reaction, we have the breaking of a bond by the action of water. In the example, a water molecule can break the C-O bond in the ester molecule.
-) Halogenation
In this reaction, we have the addition of a halogen (atoms on the VIIIA group). In the example, "Cl" is added to the butene.
-) Ammoniation
In this reaction, we have the addition of the ammonium ion ([tex]NH_4^+[/tex]). In the example, the ammonium ion is added to an acid.
-) Oxidation and reduction
In this reaction, we have opposite reactions. The oxidation is the loss of electrons and the reduction is the gain of electrons. For example:
[tex]Ag^+~+~e^-~->~Ag[/tex] Reduction
[tex]Al~->~Al^+^3~+~3e^-[/tex] Oxidation
Calculate the enthalpy change (∆H) for the reaction- N2(g) + 3 F2(g) –––> 2 NF3(g) given the following bond enthalpies: N≡N 945 kJ/mol F–F 155 kJ/mol N–F 283 kJ/mol
Answer:
– 844 kJ/mol.
Explanation:
The following data were obtained from the question:
N2(g) + 3 F2(g) –––> 2 NF3(g)
Enthalpy of N≡N (N2) = 945 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of F–F (F2) = 155 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of N–F3 (NF3) = 283 kJ/mol
Enthalpy change (∆H) =?
Next, we shall determine the enthalpy of reactant.
This is illustrated below:
Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 945 + 3(155)
Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 945 + 465
Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 1410 kJ/mol
Next, we shall determine the enthalpy of the product.
This is illustrated below:
Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 2 x 283
Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 566 kJ/mol
Finally, we shall determine the enthalpy change (∆H) for the reaction as follow:
Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 1410 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 566 kJ/mol
Enthalpy change (∆H) =?
Enthalpy change (∆H) = Enthalpy of product (Hp) – Enthalpy of reactant (Hr)
Enthalpy change (∆H) = 566 – 1410
Enthalpy change (∆H) = – 844 kJ/mol
Answer:
– 844 kJ/mol.
Explanation:
The following data were obtained from the question:
N2(g) + 3 F2(g) –––> 2 NF3(g)
Enthalpy of N≡N (N2) = 945 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of F–F (F2) = 155 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of N–F3 (NF3) = 283 kJ/mol
Enthalpy change (∆H) =?
Next, we shall determine the enthalpy of reactant.
This is illustrated below:
Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 945 + 3(155)
Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 945 + 465
Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 1410 kJ/mol
Next, we shall determine the enthalpy of the product.
This is illustrated below:
Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 2 x 283
Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 566 kJ/mol
Finally, we shall determine the enthalpy change (∆H) for the reaction as follow:
Enthalpy of reactant (Hr) = 1410 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of product (Hp) = 566 kJ/mol
Enthalpy change (∆H) =?
Enthalpy change (∆H) = Enthalpy of product (Hp) – Enthalpy of reactant (Hr)
Enthalpy change (∆H) = 566 – 1410
Enthalpy change (∆H) = – 844 kJ/mol
Explanation:
"What is the difference between the revertible and nonrevertible rII mutants that Benzer generated?"
o prepare vegetables for finishing by grilling, sautéing, pan frying, deep frying, or stewing, you should _______ them to cook them to partial doneness
Answer:
To prepare vegetables for finishing by grilling, sautéing, pan frying, deep frying, or stewing, you should parboil them to cook them to partial doneness.
Which state of matter does this image represent? Image of water Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
Answer:Liquid
Explanation:
Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.210 M in nitrous acid (HNO2) and 0.290 M in potassium nitrite (KNO2). The acid dissociation constant of nitrous acid is 4.50 × 10-4.
Answer:
pH = 3.49
Explanation:
We have a buffer system formed by a weak acid (HNO₂) and its conjugate base (NO₂⁻ coming from KNO₂). We can calculate the pH of a buffer ssytem using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation.
pH = pKa + log [base] / [acid]
pH = -log Ka + log [NO₂⁻] / [HNO₂]
pH = -log 4.50 × 10⁻⁴ + log 0.290 M / 0.210 M
pH = 3.49
The pH of the solution containing 0.210 M nitrous acid (HNO₂) and 0.290 M potassium nitrite (KNO₂) is 3.49
We'll begin by calculating the the pKa of acid. This can be obtained as follow:
Acid dissociation constant (Ka) = 4.50×10¯⁴
pKa =?pKa = –Log Ka
pKa = –Log 4.50×10¯⁴
pKa = 3.35Finally, we shall determine the pH of the solution.pKa = 3.35
Concentration of HNO₂, [HNO₂] = 0.210 M
Concentration of KNO₂, [KNO₂] = 0.290 M
pH =?The pH of the solution can obtain by using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation as illustrated below:
pH = pKa + log [base] / [acid]pH = pKa+ log [NO₂⁻] / [HNO₂]
pH = 3.35 + log (0.290 / 0.210)
pH = 3.49Thus, the pH of the solution is 3.49
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"Aqueous solutions of lead nitrate and ammonium chloride are mixed" together. Which statement is correct
Answer:
PbCl₂ will precipitate from solution.
Explanation:
Statements are:
Insufficient information is given.
Both NH4NO3 and PbCl2 precipitate from solution.
No precipitate forms.
PbCl2 will precipitate from solution.
NH4NO3 will precipitate from solution.
The reaction of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) with lead nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) is:
Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2NH₄Cl → PbCl₂ + 2 NH₄NO₃
Talking of rules of solubility, all nitrates are soluble in water, that means NH₄NO₃ is soluble and no precipitate is formed.
In the same way, all chlorides are soluble except silver chloride and lead chloride. That means:
PbCl₂ (Lead chloride) will precipitate from solution.If the lead concentration in water is 1 ppm, then we should be able to recover 1 mg of lead from _____ L of water.
Answer:
1 L
Explanation:
ppm means parts per million. Generally the relationship between mass and litre is given as;
1 ppm = 1 mg/L
This means that 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 mg of a substance dissolved in 1 L of water.
If each NADHNADH generates 3 ATPATP molecules and each FADH2FADH2 generates 2 ATPATP molecules, calculate the number of ATPATP molecules generated from one saturated 18 ‑carbon fatty acid.
Answer:
[tex]128~ATP[/tex]
Explanation:
The metabolic pathway by which energy can be obtained from a fatty acid is called "beta-oxidation". In this route, acetyl-Coa is produced by removing 2 carbons from the fatty acid for each acetyl-Coa produced. In other words, for each round, 1 acetyl Coa is produced and for each round 2 carbons are removed from the initial fatty acid. Therefore, the first step is to calculate the number of rounds that will take place for an 18-carbon fatty acid using the following equation:
[tex]Number~of~Rounds=\frac{n}{2}-1[/tex]
Where "n" is the number of carbons, in this case "18", so:
[tex]Number~of~Rounds=\frac{18}{2}-1~=~8[/tex]
We also have to calculate the amount of Acetyl-Coa produced:
[tex]Number~of~Acetyl-Coa=\frac{18}{2}~=~9[/tex]
Now, we have to keep in mind that in each round in the beta-oxidation we will have the production of 1 [tex]FADH_2[/tex] and 1 [tex]NADH[/tex]. So, if we have 8 rounds we will have 8 [tex]FADH_2[/tex] and 8 [tex]NADH[/tex].
Finally, for the total calculation of ATP. We have to remember the yield for each compound:
-) [tex]1~FADH_2~=~2~ATP[/tex]
-) [tex]1~NADH~=~3~ATP[/tex]
-) [tex]Acetyl~CoA~=~10~ATP[/tex]
Now we can do the total calculation:
[tex](8*2)~+~(8*3)~+~(9*10)=130~ATP[/tex]
We have to subtract "2 ATP" molecules that correspond to the activation of the fatty acid, so:
[tex]130-2=128~ATP[/tex]
In total, we will have 128 ATP.
I hope it helps!
Determine whether each phrase describes carboxylic acids or esters.a. Do not form hydrogen bonds amongst themselves and have higher vapor pressureb. Form hydrogen bonds amongst themselves and have lower vapor pressurec. Notable for their pleasant fragrancesd. Their reactions with base are kn. own as saponificationse. Usually have a sour odorf. Their reactions with base are known as neutralizations
Explanation:
a. Esters
b. Carboxylic acids
c. Esters (ethyl hexanoate smells like pineapple)
d. Carboxylic acids (produces a carboxylic salt)
For the given phrases the following description is better.
a. Esters
b. Carboxylic acids
c. Esters (ethyl hexanoate smells like pineapple)
d. Carboxylic acids (produces a carboxylic salt)
Esters and carboxylic acids:An ester is a synthetic compound got from a corrosive in which somewhere around one - OH hydroxyl bunch is supplanted by an - O-alkyl (alkoxy) bunch, as in the replacement response of a carboxylic acid and a liquor.
Carboxylic acid is any of a class of natural mixtures in which a carbon (C) particle is clung to an oxygen (O) molecule by a twofold bond and to a hydroxyl bunch (―OH) by a solitary bond.
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What class of organic product results when 1-heptyne is treated with a mixture of mercuric acetate in aqueous sulfuric acid, and then HOCH2CH2OH with catalytic sulfuric acid
Answer:
2-methyl-2-pentyl-1,3-dioxolane
Explanation:
In this case, we have two reactions:
First reaction:
1-heptyne + mercuric acetate -------> Compound A
Second reaction:
Compound A + HOCH2CH2OH -------> Compound C
First reaction
In the first reaction, we have as a main functional group a triple bond. We have to remember that mercuric acetate in sulfuric acid will produce a ketone. The carbonyl group (C=O) would be placed in the most substituted carbon of the triplet bond (in this case, carbon 2). With this in mind, we will have as a product: heptan-2-one. (See figure 1).
Second reaction
In this reaction, we have as reagents:
-) Heptan-2-one
-) Ethylene-glycol [tex]HOCH_2CH_2OH[/tex]
-) Sulfuric acid [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]
When we put ethylene-glycol with a ketone or an aldehyde we will form a cyclic acetal. In this case, this structure would be formed on carbon 2 forming 2-methyl-2-pentyl-1,3-dioxolane. (See figure 2).
I hope it helps!
