An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations. Because one arm already had dominant traits.
suppose all poaching could be stopped and no more elephants would be slaughtered for Tusk ivory. what would future populations of African forest elephants look like? would any elephants be Born tuskless? explain.
Comparing historical videos to contemporary footage revealed an increase from 19% to 51% in the percentage of female elephants lacking tusks, despite the population declining.
TuskThirty percent of females born after the war lack tusks.A pair of information chromosomes—XX for females and XY for males—determines the sex of mammals. The Princeton biologists hypothesized that the tuskless feature was connected to the X since tusks are almost universally present in male elephants. If the genes responsible for developing tusks are fatal when found on a male's single X chromosome, a female with two Xs may be saved provided they inherit one healthy copy of the gene. Such theory is supported by the tuskless trait's genetic inheritance pattern.For more information on elephant poaching kindly visit to
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To help explain how it might be that Jonah could have lost voluntary motor function of his legs and still be able to feel, the doctor drew out a simple sensory and motor pathway.
Drag and drop the labels to describe the proper order of sensory input and motor output.
Labels read as:
1.) Somatic sensory neuron to dorsal horn of spinal cord
2.) Internueron between thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex
3.) Internueron from primary motor cortex to ventral horn of spinal cord in lumbar region
4.) Internuerons through white matter of spinal cord to thalamus
5.) Somatic motor neuron from ventral horn of spinal cord to skeletal muscles of leg.
The correct order of sensory input and motor output:
1.) Somatic sensory neuron to dorsal horn of spinal cord.
4.) Internuerons through white matter of spinal cord to thalamus.
2.) Internueron between thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex.
3.) Internueron from primary motor cortex to ventral horn of spinal cord in lumbar region.
5.) Somatic motor neuron from ventral horn of spinal cord to skeletal muscles of leg.
Sensory input is the transmission of impulses from the peripheral sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS) where they are processed and analyzed. The neurons that respond to stimuli and transmit the information to the CNS are called sensory neurons.
Motor output, on the other hand, refers to the transmission of impulses from the CNS to the effectors such as muscles, glands, and organs. Motor neurons, also known as efferent neurons, transmit information from the CNS to the periphery of the body.
The order of sensory input and motor output is as follows:
Somatic sensory neuron to dorsal horn of spinal cord. This neuron responds to a stimulus and sends an impulse to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which is the first site of synaptic processing.Internuerons through white matter of spinal cord to thalamus. These neurons relay the impulse to the thalamus, where it is processed and filtered before being transmitted to the cortex.Internueron between thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex. This neuron receives the impulse from the thalamus and carries it to the primary somatosensory cortex, which is responsible for processing and interpreting somatic sensory information.Internueron from primary motor cortex to ventral horn of spinal cord in lumbar region. This neuron receives motor commands from the primary motor cortex and sends them to the ventral horn of the spinal cord, which contains motor neurons that control the muscles of the body.Somatic motor neuron from ventral horn of spinal cord to skeletal muscles of leg. This neuron receives the motor command from the spinal cord and sends it to the skeletal muscles of the leg, which are the effectors that produce the desired response.Learn more about Sensory input:
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The neurons that stimulate muscle contraction are called _____ neurons. sensory contractile inhibitory → motorassociation
The neurons that stimulate muscle contraction are called motor neurons. Neurons are specialized cells that communicate with one another and transfer information from one region of the brain to another.
In the nervous system, these cells are the building blocks. Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals in the body, and they make up the nervous system. When it comes to transmitting signals, neurons are divided into three categories. They are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.Motor neurons:Motor neurons are a type of neuron that helps in the transmission of signals from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or other organs. They are responsible for sending messages from the central nervous system (CNS) to the body's effector organs (muscles and glands).
The neuron that stimulates muscle contraction is known as a motor neuron. Motor neurons are involved in generating voluntary or involuntary movement of muscles. The central nervous system's motor neurons are involved in activities such as movement and posture control, while the peripheral nervous system's motor neurons control muscle contractions. In conclusion, the neurons that stimulate muscle contraction are called motor neurons.
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HELP I HAVE 1 MINUTE
How do air pressure and precipitation determine the weather in a certain area?
When the air pressure is higher, the air is cooler, and it is less likely for precipitation to fall.
When the air pressure is lower, it is harder for evaporation to occur and for the rain to form.
When the air pressure is higher, the humidity is higher, and the chance of precipitation is lower.
When the air pressure is higher, the air is warmer, and the chance of precipitation is higher.
When the air pressure is higher, the air is cooler, and it is less likely for precipitation to fall.
(As air rises in low-pressure systems, it cools and often condenses into clouds and precipitation, resulting in storms. In high-pressure systems, the air sinks toward the Earth and warms upward, leading to dry and fair weather.)
Answer: When the air pressure is higher, the air is cooler, and it is less likely for precipitation to fall
Explanation:
T/F: cell division in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells produces genetically cells.
True. Prokaryotes reproduce via binary fission, which is a rather simple process. Each copy of a single chromosome attaches to a different location on the cell membrane when it multiplies.
Following this, the cell membrane begins to invade, ultimately dividing into two genetically identical bacteria. Similar methods are used to replicate mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, although the process is more challenging overall.
Mitosis, which involves dividing into two genetically identical cells, is the process by which eukaryotic cells replicate themselves. Mitosis is the process by which new cells are produced during the embryonic development and after birth, as well as by which cells that have died or shed are replaced. In humans, some cells can keep dividing even after death. These "stem cells" multiply through mitosis to produce daughter cells.
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which component is not directly involved with transcription? group of answer choices trna mrna dna rutp
Answer: The component that is not directly involved with transcription is RUTP. RNA Uracil Triphosphate (RUTP) is a cofactor used in the synthesis of proteins but is not directly involved in the process of transcription.
Explanation: Transcription is the process in which genetic information encoded in DNA is used to create messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is an important step in the production of proteins, which are essential for the growth, development, and function of all living organisms.
The steps involved in the transcription process are as follows:
Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA and starts transcribing the DNA molecule.
Elongation: RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand.
Termination: RNA polymerase stops synthesizing RNA when it reaches a terminator sequence, which marks the end of the gene.
The components involved in transcription are as follows:
mRNA (messenger RNA): This is the RNA molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
TRNA (transfer RNA): This is the RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into a protein.
RNA polymerase: This is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
Ribosomes: These are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): DNA stores the genetic code that is used to synthesize RNA, which, in turn, is used to synthesize proteins.
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(HELP QUICKLY PLEASE !!!)
Long hair in Irish Setters is dominant
(L) to short hair (I). A male homozygous
for long hair is crosses with a female
heterozygous for long hair
1.What genotypes and in what proportion could this cross produce ?
2.what phenotypes and in what proportions could this cross produce
In rats, black coat color is dominant over white coat color. If some of the offspring of a cross between a black rat and a white rat are white, the black rat must have been A) a polyploid B) homozygous C) heterozygous D) a mutation
The correct option is C) heterozygous. Among rats, black coat color is dominant over white coat color.
The black rat must be heterozygous if some of the offspring of a cross between a black rat and a white rat are white. This indicates that the black rat carries a recessive allele for the white coat color, and the white rat carries two white coat color alleles.
Offspring refers to the young produced by an animal or plant. Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes on corresponding chromosomes. Polyploid refers to an organism that contains more than two paired sets of homologous chromosomes .
Mutation refers to the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a different trait or characteristic.
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Watson and Crick, the pair of researchers who determined the structure of DNA, deduced the pairing of nucleotides in DNA using information learned from Erwin Chargaff. Which of the following is the correct pairing of nucleotides in DNA?a guanine with adenine; cytosine with adenineb adenine with thymine; guanine with cytosinec cytosine with guanine; uracil with adenined cytosine with adenine; thymine with guanine
The correct pairing of nucleotides in DNA is:
Adenine with thymineGuanine with cytosine.DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a long, spiral-shaped molecule containing genetic information about the development and function of all living organisms. DNA is composed of four nucleotide bases that are paired with each other: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). DNA is the fundamental genetic material present in all living organisms and has a fundamental role in determining the development and function of cells in the human body. The pairing of nucleotides in DNA: Adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C), In DNA, nucleotide pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs.
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Where are the low-energy electrons located after the electron transport chain is completed?- They are recycled to earlier steps in the process.- They are added to H+ to form H.- They are located in the cytoplasm, where they contribute to the overall negative charge of the cell.- They are located in the bonds of H2O.- They are located in the bonds of ATP after chemiosmosis.
The low energy electrons after the electron transport chain (ETC) is completed: (4) They are located in the bonds of H₂O.
ETC is a series of electron transporters present in the inner mitochondrial membrane and the thylakoid of chloroplast through which the electrons are transported. This process is coupled with the formation of proton gradient which is used to generate energy components like ATP and NADPH.
The low energy electrons are the same high energy electrons at the beginning of the ETC. After passing through the series of transporters they lose their energy and complete the process by reducing the available oxygen molecule by the formation of water (H₂O).
Therefore the correct answer is option 4.
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during the process of transcription, the information in
During the process of transcription, the information in: (4) DNA is converted into RNA.
Transcription is the process of formation of RNA from the double stranded DNA. This requires the action of the enzyme RNA polymerase. The process takes place in the nucleus itself and is accomplishes by three following steps: initiation, elongation and termination.
RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid. It serves as the genetic material for very few organisms, particularly for viruses. There can be various forms of RNA. The major ones are m-RNA, r-RNA and t-RNA. The m-RNA is the main primary transcript of the DNA formed from transcription.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.
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The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
During the process of transcription, the information in:
protein is converted into RNA.RNA is converted into DNADNA is converted into protein.DNA is converted into RNA.although it is an essential nutrient, the body is able to synthesize niacin to meet some body needs from the amino acid tryptophan. this reaction requires which two other b vitamins as coenzymes?
For the body to produce niacin from tryptophan, enough quantities of vitamins B6 and B2 are required.
Which two B vitamins are required for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?In healthy individuals, the kynurenine pathway converts less than 2% of the dietary tryptophan they consume into NAD (40). NAD is only partially synthesized from tryptophan and is dependent on enzymes that need riboflavin, vitamin B6, and heme (iron).
Which of the following answer options is necessary for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?Vitamin B2 riboflavin, which is crucial for cell growth, development, and function in the body, aids in the release of energy from food. Moreover, it aids in the production of niacin from the amino acid tryptophan, which is a component of protein.
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What is it called when a foreign gene is inserted into an organism?
When a foreign gene is inserted into an organism, it is referred to as genetic engineering.
Genetic engineering is the method of modifying the genetic material of an organism, either by direct gene transfer or by selective breeding, to obtain desirable traits or to get a better understanding of the organism's genetics. It entails inserting, deleting, or changing genes in an organism's genetic code.The foreign gene is introduced into the organism by a vector. A vector is a carrier that carries genetic material from one organism to another. Plasmids, bacteriophages, and viral vectors are some of the most common vectors used in genetic engineering.
The foreign gene, for example, is isolated from its original organism and then inserted into a vector, which then carries it into the host organism.The new genetic material is then incorporated into the host organism's DNA. If it is carried out in a gamete, it will be inherited by the organism's progeny, resulting in genetic modification or genetic engineering of the species. The introduced gene might come from a different species, a natural variant of the organism, or a totally artificial construct, such as a gene designed to treat a genetic illness. The technique has a variety of uses, including biotechnology, agriculture, and medicine.
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Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane?A) epidermis, hypodermis, dermisB) dermis, epidermis, hypodermisC) epidermis, dermis, hypodermisD) hypodermis, dermis, epidermisE) dermis, hypodermis, dermis
The correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane is Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.
Cutaneous membrane is made up of three layers. They are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, also known as the hypodermis. These layers are listed in order from the surface to the deepest layer.
Epidermis: It is the outermost layer of the skin. This layer includes the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. The epidermis serves to safeguard the body against bacterial, viral, and other foreign substances and also to prevent water from leaving the body.
Dermis: The dermis is the second layer of the skin that lies beneath the epidermis. The dermis layer contains hair follicles, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, and sweat glands. It also contains collagen fibers and elastic fibers that are responsible for skin elasticity and strength.
Hypodermis: Subcutaneous tissue, also known as hypodermis, is the deepest layer of skin. It contains adipose tissue, blood vessels, and nerves. This layer assists in maintaining body temperature and energy storage.
Therefore, the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane is Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.
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the presence of scybala in a fecal specimen indicates: group of answer choices decreased intestinal mobility decrease in digestive enzymes presence of fecal fat parasitic infection
The presence of scybala in a fecal specimen indicates a parasitic infection. Scybala are tiny, hard pieces of fecal matter created by intestinal parasites.
What is a decreased in digestive enzymes?The digestive enzyme's capacity to break down food into simple, absorbable components is decreased in digestive enzyme deficiency. This may happen in some pancreatic, liver, or small intestine disorders that impair the production or delivery of digestive enzymes.
Malabsorption of fats in the gastrointestinal tract might result in the presence of fatty stools, which are described as greasy, oily, and smelly. Fecal fat examination is the testing of fecal samples to evaluate the amount of fat that has been excreted. These parasites feed off nutrients in the body, leading to decreased intestinal mobility, decrease in digestive enzymes, and presence of fecal fat.
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A teenager swears at the dinner table, and as a result, her parents take away her iPad for one week. The teenager is now much less likely to swear at the dinner table, illustrating:
A) positive punishment.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) negative punishment.
D) negative reinforcement.
The teenager is now much less likely to swear at the dinner table, illustrating negative punishment. Therefore, the correct option will be C.
What is Negative Punishment?Negative punishment is a behavior-reducing process. It entails the removal of a desirable stimulus or a reduction in the availability of it, resulting in a reduction in behavior's likelihood to occur. Negative punishment is demonstrated when a specific action leads to the withdrawal of a stimulus, making it less likely for that action to occur in the future.
The best example of negative punishment is where the parents of the teenage girl took away her iPad for a week after she swore at the dinner table.
Thus, the correct option will be C.
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BPG is ___________ charged, and is surrounded by __________ amino acids when it is bound to HB.
a) Negatively; amino acids with positively charged side chains at pH 7
b) Negatively; amino acids with neutral charged side chains at pH 7
c) Negatively; amino acids with negatively charged side chains at pH 7
d) Positively; amino acids with positively charged side chains at pH 7
BPG is negatively charged, and is surrounded by amino acids with neutral charged side chains at pH 7 amino acids when it is bound to HB. The answer is option (b) Negatively; amino acids with neutral charged side chains at pH 7.
BPG is a negatively charged organic molecule that is responsible for regulating oxygen release from hemoglobin (HB). At physiological pH, the negatively charged BPG binds to positively charged amino acids situated on the beta chains of hemoglobin.
Amino acids with positively charged side chains, such as lysine and arginine, are repelled by BPG's negative charge. As a result, amino acids with neutral side chains are preferred by BPG in hemoglobin binding.
The following are some important points about BPG:
BPG stands for 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
BPG concentration in erythrocytes (red blood cells) is high.
The negatively charged BPG binds to positively charged amino acids situated on the beta chains of hemoglobin.
BPG's binding helps to stabilize deoxygenated hemoglobin and regulate the oxygen release from it.
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What are the strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
There are four strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae:
Strain gravisStrain intermediusStrain mitisStrain BelfantiCorynebacterium diphtheriae is a pathogenic gram-positive bacterium that causes diphtheria in humans. It is rod-shaped, non-motile, non-sporing, and non-capsulated. There are four strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, each characterized by the type of toxin produced:
Strain gravis: Produces the most potent diphtheria toxin and is responsible for the most severe cases of diphtheria.Strain intermedius: Produces an intermediate amount of toxin and can cause moderate to severe diphtheria.Strain mitis: Produces the least amount of toxin and generally causes milder cases of diphtheria.Strain belfanti: A rare strain that has been isolated from a single case of diphtheria and produces a unique toxin that differs from those produced by the other strains.Learn more about corynebacterium diphtheria: https://brainly.com/question/29816663
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which sentence best describes the true nature of natural selection? a) only the strongest survive. b) the strong eliminate the weak in the race for survival. c) organisms change by random chance. d) heritable traits that promote reproduction become more frequent in a population from one generation to the next.
The true nature of natural selection can be best described as "d) heritable traits that promote reproduction become more frequent in a population from one generation to the next.
Through natural selection, traits that promote reproduction become more frequent in a population from one generation to the next. Natural selection is a method that leads to species and organism development by allowing the survival and propagation of organisms with desirable characteristics.
Natural selection is driven by the struggle for existence among organisms in a population, which leads to the death of certain organisms with undesirable characteristics and the growth of organisms with desirable characteristics that enable them to survive and reproduce.
Therefore, correct option is D.
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please choose the statement which best describes the goal(s) of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. multiple choice a. antimicrobial susceptibility testing can accomplish all of these goals b. to determine which antimicrobial drug is most effective at inhibition of the causative agent c. to determine which antimicrobial drug is least likely to cause allergic reactions d. to determine which antimicrobial drug is least likely to cause toxicity e. to determine which antimicrobial drug the patient is most sensitive to
The goal of antimicrobial susceptibility testing is: option (B) states that "to determine which antimicrobial drug is most effective at inhibition of the causative agent".
This is because antimicrobial susceptibility testing tests the ability of an antimicrobial drug to inhibit or kill a particular type of bacteria or microorganism. It helps determine which drug will work the best to treat an infection.
This is important because it can help doctors choose the most effective drug for the particular infection. It also helps determine the least likely drug to cause allergic reactions, toxicity, or other adverse effects in the patient.
Ultimately, the goal of antimicrobial susceptibility testing is to determine which antimicrobial drug the patient is most sensitive to, so that the most effective treatment can be used.
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elevated portions of the cerebral cortex are called
Elevated portions of the cerebral cortex are called gyri (singular: gyrus).
What is gyri?
Gyri (singular gyrus) are elevated folds or ridges in the cerebral cortex of the brain. They are the prominent curved structures between the sulci, which are the shallow grooves on the surface of the brain. The gyri increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex, allowing for more neurons and synapses to be packed into a relatively small space. The arrangement and patterns of gyri and sulci are unique to each individual and form the basis for identifying different areas of the cerebral cortex.
What is cerebral cortex ?
The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain that covers the cerebrum. It is involved in a variety of functions such as perception, voluntary movement, language, learning, and memory. It is composed of folded gray matter and contains approximately 20 billion neurons and 300 trillion synapses, making it one of the most complex structures in the human body.
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Complete question is: Elevated portions of the cerebral cortex are called gyri
which of the following occurs when an enzyme binds a non-competitive inhibitor? group of answer choices the kd will increase but vmax will not change the vmax will decrease but kd will not change kd will increase and vmax will decrease there is not enough information
When an enzyme binds a non-competitive inhibitor, the vmax will decrease but the kd will not change.
An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by increasing the rate of chemical reactions in living organisms. The substrate is the molecule that an enzyme catalyzes, while the active site is the region of the enzyme where the substrate binds.
An enzyme inhibitor is a chemical or molecule that inhibits the action of an enzyme. Non-competitive inhibitors can bind to the enzyme either at the active site or at an allosteric site. The activity of the enzyme is decreased by non-competitive inhibitors that bind to allosteric sites.
As a result, the Vmax (maximum velocity of the reaction) decreases, but the Kd (dissociation constant) does not change. This implies that the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate does not alter.
The Michaelis-Menten equation can be used to study the effect of enzyme inhibitors on enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Therefore, when an enzyme binds a non-competitive inhibitor, the Vmax will decrease, but the Kd will not change.
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is the genetic code is said to be because more than one codon can specify the same amino acid?
Yes. The genetic codes have degenerates and multiple codes can specify a single amino acid.
The genetic codesYes, the genetic code is said to be degenerate or redundant because more than one codon can specify the same amino acid.
There are 20 different amino acids commonly found in proteins, but there are 64 possible codons in the genetic code, which means that most amino acids are specified by more than one codon.
This redundancy provides a degree of error tolerance to the genetic code, as a mutation in a single nucleotide may not necessarily result in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein.
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What is the ICD-10 code for lower extremities Cellulitis?
ICD-10 is a coding system used by healthcare providers and insurance companies to identify and classify diseases and medical conditions. The ICD-10 code for lower extremities cellulitis is L03.115.
The code L03.115 is specifically used to indicate a diagnosis of cellulitis of the lower limb, including the foot, ankle, and leg.
Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that occurs when bacteria enter the skin through a cut or wound, causing redness, swelling, warmth, and pain. It is a common infection that can affect any part of the body, but it is most commonly found in the lower extremities.
The ICD-10 code L03.115 is used to communicate a diagnosis of lower extremities cellulitis to other healthcare providers and insurance companies. It is important to use the correct code when submitting claims for reimbursement or when communicating with other healthcare providers to ensure that the correct diagnosis is communicated and appropriate treatment is provided.
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select all of the following that are typically or always heterotrophs.
Animals, fungi, and certain bacteria are typically or always heterotrophs.
The following that are typically or always heterotrophs are organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients. They are unable to produce their own food and must consume organic material produced by other living organisms. Examples of heterotrophs include animals, fungi, and some bacteria. Animals are typically heterotrophs, relying on plants or other animals for food. Fungi are also heterotrophs and obtain their energy from decaying organic matter. Certain species of bacteria, such as those in the genus Vibrio, also rely on organic matter for their energy needs. Photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and some bacteria, are typically autotrophs, meaning they can synthesize their own organic compounds using energy from sunlight or inorganic substances.
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What are considered small intestine brush border enzymes participating in carbohydrate digestion? Dextrinase, Lactase, and Sucrase.
The small intestine brush border enzymes participating in carbohydrate digestion are Dextrinase, Lactase, and Sucrase.
What is digestion?Digestion is the process of breaking down food into small molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Digestion starts when food is consumed and enters the mouth. The digestive system comprises the mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and large intestine.
Small intestine brush border enzymesSmall intestine brush border enzymes are a group of digestive enzymes that are synthesized and secreted by enterocytes (epithelial cells lining the intestine) on the brush border surface of the intestinal lining.
The small intestine brush border enzymes are divided into three groups, depending on the type of nutrients they digest:
Carbohydrate-digesting enzymes: Sucrase, Lactase, Maltase, and Dextrinase are small intestine brush border enzymes participating in carbohydrate digestion.
Peptidase: They are enzymes that break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids.
Lipase: They are enzymes that break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.Therefore, Dextrinase, Lactase, and Sucrase are small intestine brush border enzymes that participate in carbohydrate digestion.
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Green plants utilize _____ a and b to absorb light energy in photosynthesis
Answer:
Chlorophyll or chlorophylls
Why is an action potential an all-or-none response
An action potential is an all-or-none response because it is triggered when the membrane potential of a neuron reaches a certain threshold level, at which point an action potential is initiated and propagated down the axon.
The threshold level is a specific voltage that must be reached in order to trigger an action potential. Once the threshold level is reached, the action potential will always be the same size and duration, regardless of the strength of the stimulus that triggered it. In other words, the response of the neuron is "all-or-none" - it either fires an action potential or it does not, and the size and duration of the action potential are constant.
This is because the initiation and propagation of an action potential depend on the opening and closing of ion channels in the neuron's membrane. When the membrane potential reaches the threshold level, voltage-gated ion channels open, allowing positively charged ions (such as sodium) to rapidly flow into the neuron, depolarizing the membrane and initiating an action potential.
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Instructions: Using the genetic code wheel, translate the mRNA codons into amino acids. Example mRNA: AUCUUGGAUUCC Amino Acids: AUC-Isoleucine, UUG-Leucine, GAU-Aspartic acid, UCC-Serine mRNA 1: UGAGAAUGAAUU mRNA 2: AUUAAAUGCCCA mRNA 3: CUACUGGGUAUA
Translation refers to protein growth, which occurs in the cytoplasm through the interaction between mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. 1) Amino acids: stop - Glu - stop - Ile. 2) Amino acids: Ile - Lys - Cys - Pro. 3) Amino acids: Leu - Leu - Gly - Ile.
What is translation?The translation is the stage of protein synthesis in which mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA interact to grow the molecule.
The ribosome is in charge of reading mRNA from its 5' extreme to 3' extreme. Meanwhile, tRNA associates with the ribosome to build the polypeptidic chain. Molecule growing occurs according to the mRNA codon sequence.
A codon is a short sequence of three nucleotides that store the genetic information for the aminoacids' assembly.
Each tRNA has two important sites. One of them couples with the codon of the mRNA molecule, named anticodon. The other site couples with an amino acid.
When the new amino acid binds to the growing peptidic chain, the tRNA molecule leaves the ribosome, leaving a space for the next tRNA.
• The start codon AUG is the most common sequence used by eukaryotic cells and is placed near the 5' extreme of the molecule.
• The stop codons are UAA, UAG, and UGA.
1)
mRNA 1: UGA GAA UGA AUU
amino acids: stop - Glu - stop - Ile
2)
mRNA 2: AUU AAA UGC CCA
amino acids: Ile - Lys - Cys - Pro
3)
mRNA 3: CUA CUG GGU AUA
amino acids: Leu - Leu - Gly - Ile
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watson and crick proposed the double helix structure model for dna in 1953. which of the following facts was not useful to them in deciding on the molecular model they proposed?
Watson and Crick proposed the double helix structure model for DNA in 1953. The following facts was not useful to them in deciding on the molecular model they proposed is Meselson and Stahl's evidence that DNA replicated semi-conservatively.
Watson and Crick used various facts to determine the molecular model they proposed, including the following: Chargaff's Rule, this rule shows that the amount of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine in DNA is constant. It also demonstrates that adenine and thymine are complementary base pairs, while guanine and cytosine are complementary base pairs.
X-ray crystallography, the X-ray diffraction pattern of the DNA molecule, discovered by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, aided Watson and Crick in constructing the double helix structure model of DNA. The double helix structure model of DNA, Watson and Crick constructed the double helix structure model of DNA based on the complementary base pairing of adenine and thymine and guanine and cytosine. The complementary base pairs' weak hydrogen bonds form between the two strands of the helix, stabilizing the double helix structure.
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