By changing their conformation at the catalytic sites, the beta subunits can bind to ADP and a phosphate group and produce ATP.
ADP and inorganic phosphate are brought together to form a bond and produce the ATP molecule as the proton (H+ ion) passes down the concentration gradient, which spins the enzyme. In order to allow for another phosphorylation, the resulting ATP molecule is released. Hydrogen ions are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane of the cell, from the matrix into the intermembrane space, using energy during the electron transport process. By flowing back across the mitochondrial membrane and into the matrix via ATP synthase, hydrogen ions are propelled by a chemiosmotic gradient to do so, which results in the production of ATP.
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why does earth revolve around the sun instead of the other way around
Answer:
it is because of the pull of Earth's gravity, the Earth orbits the Sun because of the pull of the Sun's gravity.
how to proteins with nuclear localization signals, that are bound to nuclear import receptors enter the nucleus question 3 options: by hydrolyzing a molecule of atp to adp and phosphate by interacting with the phenylalanine-glycine (fg) repeats on the fibril proteins of the nuclear pore complex by cleaving the nuclear localization signal from the cargo protein by binding a molecule of ran-gdp
Proteins with nuclear localization signals, that are bound to nuclear import receptors enter the nucleus through nuclear pore complex.
How does proteins with nuclear localization signals enter the nucleus?Proteins having nuclear localization signals are transported inward through the nuclear pore complexes, whereas RNA molecules and newly made ribosomal subunits contain nuclear export signals that direct the active transport outward through pore complexes.
Nuclear proteins are transported actively through nuclear pores by a selective and mediated process. The process is mediated by nuclear localization signal and can be divided into two steps, that are : targeting to the pores and translocation through the pores.
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the ability for a person to taste ptc is a dominant genetic trait (t), while the inability to taste ptc is recessive (t). a. if a man is heterozygous for that trait, what is his genotype?
the ability for a person to taste ptc is a dominant genetic trait (t)
heterozygous means 1 of each allele. Thus, genotype must be Tt
In terms of genetics, being heterozygous means that each biological parent contributed a distinct form (allele) of a genomic marker to the individual. As a result, a person who has two copies of a genetic marker is said to be heterozygous. On the other hand, a person who is homozygous for a marker has identical copies of that marker. Heterozygous. For each gene trait in each pair of chromosomes in diploid animals, there are two alleles, one from the mother and one from the father. An allele is one of two or more variant forms of a gene that can exist. These alleles can all be present at the same locus on a chromosome. Diverse alleles for a particular trait are referred to as heterozygous. You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two copies differ. Which qualities are expressed depends on the interaction between the two alleles.
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if codons were read two bases at a time instead of three bases at a time, how many different possible amino acids could be specified?
The variety of codons that might be constructed would be reduced if codons were only 2 bases long. More distinct nucleotides would be needed to generate enough distinct sequences to code for the 20 amino acids.
In E. coli, there are only 3 tRNAs available for the four distinct codons of glycine, for example. While it is true that numerous codons can each code for a single amino acid, this flexibility is only made feasible because of the 'wobble' between the third codon base and the first anticodon base.
combinations of these codons or triplets. Three of the 64 codons are stop codons, as we already indicated. These three stop codons just stop translation; they do not encode any amino acids.
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what is the function of long appendages for most phytoplankton? group of answer choices makes them more attractive to potential mates provides increased buoyancy creates greater surface area for waste exchange allows them to absorb more sunlight
The correct option (d) Creates greater surface area for waste exchange allows them to absorb more sunlight.
Phytoplanktonare the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems. The name comes from the Greek words φυτόν (phyton), meaning 'plant', and (planktos), meaning 'wanderer' or 'drifter
Phytoplankton obtain their energy through photosynthesis, as do trees and other plants on land. This means phytoplankton must have light from the sun, so they live in the well-lit surface layers (euphotic zone) of oceans and lakes.
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The concentrations of the gases in the blood leaving the fish heart are different from the concentrations of the gases in the blood leaving the human heart in the aorta.
Explain the differences in the concentrations of gases.
There are several reasons why the concentrations of gases in the blood leaving the fish's heart may differ from the concentrations of gases in the blood leaving the human heart in the aorta.
One reason is that fish and humans have different respiratory systems and use different mechanisms to exchange gases. Fish have gills, which are specialized structures that allow them to extract oxygen from the water. Humans, on the other hand, have lungs, which allow them to extract oxygen from the air. The different respiratory systems of fish and humans may result in different concentrations of gases in the blood. Another reason for the difference in gas concentrations may be the different metabolic rates and oxygen demands of fish and humans. Fish have a lower metabolic rate than humans, which means that they have a lower oxygen demand. As a result, the concentration of oxygen in the blood leaving the fish's heart may be lower than the concentration of oxygen in the blood leaving the human heart. Finally, the environment in which fish and humans live can also affect the concentrations of gases in their blood. Fish live in water, which has a different concentration of gases than the air that humans breathe. This may result in differences in the concentrations of gases in the blood of fish and humans.
Overall, the concentrations of gases in the blood leaving the fish's heart are likely to be different from the concentrations of gases in the blood leaving the human heart due to the differences in their respiratory systems, metabolic rates, and environments.
Answer:
There are several reasons for the differences in the concentrations of gases in the blood leaving the fish heart and the human heart in the aorta.
First, fish and humans have different respiratory systems. Fish breathe through gills, which allow them to extract oxygen from the water they swim in. Humans, on the other hand, breathe through their lungs and extract oxygen from the air. As a result, the concentration of oxygen in the blood leaving the fish heart is likely to be lower than the concentration of oxygen in the blood leaving the human heart.
Second, fish and humans have different metabolic rates. Fish have a lower metabolic rate than humans, which means they need less oxygen to fuel their bodies. As a result, the concentration of oxygen in the blood leaving the fish heart may be lower than the concentration of oxygen in the blood leaving the human heart.
Third, fish and humans have different circulatory systems. Fish have a two-chambered heart (consisting of a ventricle and an atrium), while humans have a four-chambered heart (consisting of two atria and two ventricles). The four-chambered heart of humans allows for a more efficient separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, which leads to higher concentrations of oxygen in the blood leaving the human heart.
Overall, the differences in the respiratory systems, metabolic rates, and circulatory systems of fish and humans contribute to the differences in the concentrations of gases in the blood leaving their hearts.
Reproduction in Rotifers
Rotifers are a phylum of small animals that live in waters throughout the world. One class of rotifers, Seisonidea, can only reproduce sexually. Another class of rotifers, Bdelloidea, can only reproduce asexually.
Which is a similarity in the reproduction methods of rotifers in class Bdelloidea and rotifers in class Seisonidea?
Choose the correct answer.
Responses
Both methods of reproduction greatly increase genetic diversity.
Both methods of reproduction require the same number of parents.
Both methods of reproduction produce offspring that are all identical.
Both methods of reproduction involve organisms passing genetic material to their offspring.
There are approximately 200 different types of cells in the human body, although all cells are dependent on other cells to
perform body functions. Explain how your model supports this statement?
Answer:
Without being able to see your model, it is difficult for me to answer your question, though I have done what I can to help you understand better.
Explanation:
In the human body, different types of cells have specialized functions that allow them to perform specific tasks. For example, nerve cells are specialized for transmitting electrical signals, while muscle cells are specialized for contracting to produce movement. Despite their specialized functions, however, all cells in the human body depend on other cells to perform their functions properly. This is because the body's various systems, such as the circulatory, nervous, and digestive systems, are made up of many different types of cells that work together to maintain the body's overall health and function. For example, nerve cells need support from other cells such as glial cells in order to properly transmit signals, and muscle cells need nutrients and oxygen supplied by the blood in order to contract and move. In this way, the different types of cells in the human body are dependent on each other to perform their functions and maintain the body's overall health.
Geraniums flower in the spring, when they receive less than 12 hours of light. They also flower in the summer, when they receive more than 12 hours of light. What type of plant are geraniums? A. Day-neutral plant B. Dormant plant C. Short-day plant D. Long-day plant
Answer:
A. Day-neutral plantHope Helps!:)
Suppose that there was an enzyme that cuts bonds between deoxyribose and phosphate groups. what would this enzyme do to a dna molecule?
The enzyme that cuts bonds between deoxyribose and phosphate groups would make cuts in the "backbone" of each strand of a DNA molecule.
Bacteria include restriction enzymes (and other prokaryotes). They identify and attach to particular DNA sequences known as restriction sites. Only one or a few restriction sites are recognised by each restriction enzyme. A restriction enzyme will create a double-stranded cut in the DNA molecule once it locates its target sequence. The cut typically occurs in a neat, regular pattern at or near the restriction point. Let's take EcoRI, a typical restriction enzyme used in labs, as an illustration of how a restriction enzyme recognises and cuts at a DNA sequence. EcoRI makes cuts at this location:
Hence, DNA cutting enzyme breaks strand of DNA.
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When chuncks of a big mass start to separate
Fixed-size chunk de-duplication is carried out at routers rather than on hosts. The considered packet is first intercepted in a router in real time or at the network endpoints.
What is Chunk size?
The largest physical disc unit devoted to database server data storage is called a chunk. Administrators can allocate disc space in a comparatively big unit thanks to chunks. The largest possible chunk size is 4 TB. The maximum number of chunks is 32,766.
She divided the fruit into big pieces. She speaks on the phone for a sizable portion of her day. He invested a lot of time on the undertaking.
A total of 65,536 blocks are divided into chunks that are 16 blocks wide, 16 blocks long, and 256 blocks high.
MongoDB uses chunk sizes that are 128 MB by default. You have the option of changing the chunk size. Think about the effects of altering the default chunk size: At the expense of more frequent migrations, small pieces result in a more even distribution of data.
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which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur? group of answer choices progesterone estrogen fsh lh
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulates the menstrual cycle and increases egg development in the ovaries of women.
What is ovulation?The process through which a mature egg is released from the ovary is known as ovulation. The egg is released and travels down the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized for 12 to 24 hours.
What is FSH?Follicle-stimulating hormone is produced by the brain's pituitary gland (FSH). The proper operation of both men and women's reproductive systems depends on this hormone.
In women, FSH controls both the menstrual cycle and egg production in the ovaries. Throughout a woman's menstrual cycle, her FSH levels fluctuate, peaking just before she gives birth to an egg (ovulates).
The level of FSH in men normally stays constant after puberty, and it aids in controlling sperm production in males.
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what are the genotypes of the parents in the first cross (the cross that produced 12 black offspring)?
BB x bb are the genotypes of the parents in the first cross (the cross that produced 12 black offspring).
Alleles are distinct variants of a gene. Every gene in somatic cells has two alleles, one from each of the organism's parents. It is frequently impossible to tell from an organism's outer appearance which two alleles of a gene are present within its chromosomes. An organism's hidden or under expressed allele, however, can still be passed on to its progeny and express itself in a subsequent generation.
The first person to explain how qualities are handed down from one generation to the next was Gregor Mendel (and sometimes skip generations). Mendel developed three laws of inheritance that characterized the transfer of genetic features before genes were even known through his breeding experiments with pea plants. Mendel's discoveries significantly increased scientists' understanding of genetic inheritance and helped to create new experimental techniques.
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the archenteron of a mesolecithal embryo with holoblastic cleavage eventually develops into which structure?
The archenteron of a mesolecithal embryo with holoblastic cleavage eventually develops into digestive tract.
What do you mean by archenteron?The archenteron (gastrocoel) is a hollow within an animal embryo there at gastrula stage of development. The anus, or , and the blastopore, which serves as the animal's entrance and entry to the outside world, are both formed by this opening. The stomach cavity is finally formed, in whole or in part, by the archenteron.
Where may one find archenteron?The growing embryo's primitive gut, known as the archenteron or digestive tunnel, develops during gastrulation. It is the core cavity inside an embryo at the gastrula stage of development.
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The rabbit population increased during years when the death rate was (lower/higher) than the birth rate, reflecting a higher carrying capacity.
A) higher
B) lower
The rabbit population increased during years when the death rate was lower than the birth rate, reflecting a higher carrying capacity.
What is carrying capacity?The carrying capacity of an environment is described as the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available.
Population is known to refer to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world.
The primary and I think the most obvious cause of population growth is an imbalance between births and deaths.
In the diagram shown, we can see an increase or growth in population when the death rate increases depicting an imbalance between death and births.
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motor neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ach) and acetylcholinesterase degrades ach in the synapse. if a neurophysiologist applies onchidal (a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase inhibitor produced by the mollusc onchidella binneyi) to a synapse, what would you expect to happen? motor neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ach) and acetylcholinesterase degrades ach in the synapse. if a neurophysiologist applies onchidal (a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase inhibitor produced by the mollusc onchidella binneyi) to a synapse, what would you expect to happen? convulsions due to constant muscle stimulation paralysis of muscle tissue decrease in the frequency of action potentials no effect
acetylcholinesterase degrades ach in the synapse. if a neurophysiologist applies onchidal (
constant muscle stimulation paralysis of muscle tissue decrease in the frequency of action potentials no effect
convulsions due to constant muscle stimulation
The main cholinesterase in the body is acetylcholinesterase, commonly known as AChE, AChase, or acetylhydrolase (HGNC symbol ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7; scientific name acetylcholine acetylhydrolase). It is an enzyme that speeds up the decomposition of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and a few other choline esters:
Acetylcholine with water produce acetate and choline.
It is mostly located at neuromuscular junctions and in cholinergic chemical synapses, where its activity stops synaptic transmission. It is a member of the enzyme family known as carboxylesterase. It is the main enzyme that organophosphorus substances like pesticides and nerve poisons block.
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25 points + Brainliest for 1st answer!
What would be the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring generated from a cross of a homozygous yellow seed pea with a homozygous green seed pea plant
Answer:
Genotype - Yy Y - Yellow
Phenotype - Yellow green y - Green
What are other defenses the body has, in addition to its immune system, that help prevent infection and illness? A. Skin, tears, mucus, and saliva, which act as barriers to pathogens B. Nerve signals and hormones, which regulate body functions C. White blood cells and antibodies, which destroy pathogens D. The stomach, intestines, and liver, which digest bacteria and viruses
Answer:
A. Skin, tears, mucus, and saliva, which act as barriers to pathogens.
Which of the following can affect the rate of photosynthesis? Select all that apply.
- Amount of water
- Amount of oxygen
- Amount of glucose
- Light intensity
- Amount of carbon dioxide
- Temperature
The amount of water, oxygen, light intensity, carbon dioxide content, and temperature can all have an impact on how quickly photosynthesis occurs.
How do you calculate the rate of photosynthesis?By enclosing a leaf in a closed, transparent chamber and monitoring the decline in carbon dioxide content over time, the rate of leaf photosynthetic activity may be calculated. Outside of the chamber, the light flux density is measured, and it needs to be adjusted for the transmittance of the chamber.
What are the photosynthetic rate units?A measure of the maximum pace at which leaves can fix carbon during photosynthesis is called photosynthetic capacity. It is commonly expressed as the quantity of fixed CO2 per mol m-2 sec-1.
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plagioclase feldspar has the chemical formula, caal2si2o8. is plagioclase feldspar a mafic or felsic silicate mineral?
Plagioclase feldspar is a silicate of aluminum. A type of aluminum-containing silicates known as feldspar is often referred to as "non ferromagnesian silicates" or "light silicates" because they don't include iron or magnesium.
Plagioclase ((Ca,Na)AlSi₃O₈) and orthoclase (KAlSi₃O₈) are two types of feldspars. Keep in mind that the additional metals provide the plagioclase a distinct advantage over the orthoclase; the latter has potassium while the former has calcium or sodium. The feldspars are comparable in terms of their physical characteristics, and their lusters can range from glassy to pearly. They are relatively hard, with a Mohs hardness of around 6, and feature two planes of cleavage that intersect at or close to 90°.
The feldspar series also includes anorthite (CaAlSiO₈) and albite (NaAlSi₃O₈). These feldspar series members are on the extreme end.
The earth's feldspars are the most prevalent minerals.
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sometimes, plants will reward their pollinators with something that benefits them. what is an example of a plant attractant that is also a pollination reward?(1 point)
Animals that perform pollination while visiting the bloom are rewarded with floral nectar, which is placed inside the flower close to the reproductive organs.
The majority of people are aware that flowers frequently generate nectar, which is vital for promoting pollination and supplying food for hummingbirds and insects. Few people are aware of the extra-floral nectaries, nectar-producing glands that are structurally separate from the flower and found in more than 2,000 plant species in more than 64 families, though they exist in these plants.
Animals that perform pollination while visiting the bloom are rewarded with floral nectar, which is placed inside the flower close to the reproductive organs. Extra-floral nectar has a role in so-called indirect defense by luring predatory herbivores—usually ants—or by discouraging them from feeding on the plant.
Therefore, the two forms of nectar-producing partnerships between plants and animals have long served as textbook illustrations of symmetric mutualism, in which plants supply food or benefits to animals in exchange.
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Answer: Nectar
Explanation:
Please help will mark brainliest
I’m this image the cell is using which type of molecular transport?
A. Exocytosis
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Endocytosis
This statistics says that diffusion employs a certain kind of molecular transport.
What is a molecular example?Molecules used to create inorganic chemicals known as molecular substances. Common substances as co2 and water (H2O) are examples (CO2). These compounds are very different from ionic compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl).
What is called molecular?Molecules are made up of one or even more increased compared. If they contain and over one, they may contain different atoms or the same atoms (for instance, an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). The amount of atoms in biological compounds like proteins and DNA can reach thousands.
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Sophie was asked t
O The distance from the still water level to the
The distances from the s
wa wave with a wave height of 2 meters and a wavelength of 1 met
changed to 1 meter
trough
trough needs to be changed to 1 meter
crest need to be changed to 1 meter
O The distance from t
water level to
The distance between the two crests needs to be changed to 2 meters
the image she drew What needs to be corrected on the image
2m
a major function of th1 cells is to activate macrophages. which molecules expressed by th1 cells are essential for this function?
A major function of th1 cells is to activate macrophages. IFN-γ is the molecules expressed by th1 cells are essential for this function.
IFN-, a cytokine secreted by Th1 cells that is unique to them, stimulates macrophages and DCs, improving their capacity to destroy intracellular microorganisms and deliver antigens to T lymphocytes. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin, and IL-2 are among substances that Th1 cells can release that help with antimicrobial defence.
Through cell interaction and localised IFN- release, TH1 cells stimulate infected macrophages. This causes a sequence of metabolic reactions that transform the macrophage into an effective effector cell for fighting microorganisms.
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Suppose that there was an enzyme that cuts bonds between deoxyribose and phosphate groups. what would this enzyme do to a dna molecule?
Each DNA strand's "backbone" would be cut by the enzyme that breaks links between deoxyribose and phosphate groups.
Restrictions enzymes are found in bacteria (and other prokaryotes). They locate specific DNA sequences known as restriction sites and cling to them. Each restriction enzyme only recognizes one or a small number of restriction sites. Once it finds its target sequence, a restriction enzyme will make a double-stranded cut in the DNA molecule. The cut often happens at or close to the limitation point in a tidy, consistent pattern. As an example of how a restriction enzyme recognizes and cuts at a DNA sequence, consider EcoRI, a typical restriction enzyme used in labs. EcoRI makes alterations here.
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Imagine a car as a model that represents the humanbody, with its part performing various functions similar to human body systems. Which two statements are correct analogies?
The two statements which are correct analogies are:
The exhaust system of the car is the excretory system that removes waste. The engine of the car is the digestive system that circulates nutrients to the rest of the body.What is an Analogy?This is referred to as a comparison of two otherwise unlike things based on resemblance of a particular aspect.
Excretory system which consists of organs which remove metabolic wastes and toxins from the body.
In the case of a car, the exhaust system of the car is the excretory system that removes wastes such as carbon emissions, smoke etc. The engine of the car is the digestive system that circulates nutrients which is in the form of fuel to the rest of the body.
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how do papillary muscles prevent atrioventricular valve cusps from everting (swinging upward) into the atria?
Atrioventricular valve cusps are prevented from everting (swinging upward into the atria) by contracting papillary muscles.
The chordae tendineae are pulled when the papillary muscles contract, which prevents the atrioventricular valves' cusps from opening and allowing blood to return to the atria. Thin, fibrous tissue strands known as chordae tendineae join the two atrioventricular valves—the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve—to the ventricles. The cusps or flaps of each valve are held in place by the chordae tendineae and papillary muscle. Pressure gradients across the valves cause the mitral and tricuspid valve cusps to close as the ventricles contract. Blood may leak backward or vomit if the chordae tendineae are not sufficiently taut, so the cusps can shut properly. The mitral valve cusps, in this instance, are prolapsing or failing to seal completely. From the ventricle, blood is dripping back into the left atrium.
Hence, papillary muscle with chordae tendineae holds cusp of valve.
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This form of contraception works by preventing ovulation, making cervical mucus thicker, and changing the lining of the uterus. which form of contraception does this describe?
Answer:
inplant
Explanation:
neonicotinoids are compounds that used to be widely used on farms as effective insecticides. it appeared they were easily absorbed by plants and were present in pollen and nectar, killing honey bees. scientists discovered that neonicotinoids affect the cholinergic synapses in the nervous system of insects, causing their paralysis and death. how do neonicotinoids affect the synapses?
Answer:
Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticides that work by disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses in insects. The compounds are readily absorbed by plants and are present in pollen and nectar, making them highly toxic to bees and other pollinators.
When neonicotinoids come into contact with insects, they bind to certain receptors in the insects' nervous system, specifically the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These receptors are found at the junctions between nerve cells, known as synapses, where they play a key role in transmitting nerve impulses from one cell to the next.
The binding of neonicotinoids to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors interferes with the normal transmission of nerve impulses at the synapses, leading to paralysis and ultimately death in the affected insects. This mode of action is specific to insects, which is why neonicotinoids are effective at controlling insect pests but are relatively non-toxic to mammals.
how does having a capsule increase the virulence of a bacteria cell? group of answer choices a capsule gives bacteria antibiotic resistance. bacteria with a capsule cannot be phagocytized by immune cells. the capsule speeds up asexual reproduction of the bacteria. the capsule increases bacteria motility.
Bacteria with a glycocalyx capsule cannot be phagocytized by immune cells. This increase the virulence of a bacteria cell.
The outermost layer of the cell wall of most bacteria is covered by a structure called the bacterial capsule, which is normally a hydrated polysaccharide complex made of monosaccharides linked together by glyosidic bonds. The capsule prevents the bacterial cell from being ingested and destroyed by phagocytosis. The components of the bacterial surface become slick due to capsules. Making bacteria immune to enhancing their invasiveness, allowing them to attach to surfaces and hide from the immune system by mimicking host tissues. The capsule guards against desiccation and toxic byproducts for the cell.
Hence, bacterial capsule is for unwanted environment condition.
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