Reuptake is a process by which extra neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the neuron that released them therefore the correct option is A.
This serves to return the synapse to a neutral state once the signal has passed through. This process is carried out by neurotransmitter transporters, which act as pumps tore-uptake the neurotransmitters into the neuron in which they were released.
This is important as it prevents an excess of neurotransmitters from accumulating in the synapse, which would else disrupt the balance of signaling necessary for effective communication in the nervous system. also, in some cases, the reuptake of neurotransmitters can be used to terminate signaling.
Hence the correct option is A.
To know more about neurotransmitters visit:
https://brainly.com/question/9725469
#SPJ4
in the context of adolescent sexuality, identify a true statement about developing a sexual identity.
A true statement about developing a sexual identity in the context of adolescent sexuality is a complex and ongoing process that involves exploring and understanding one's sexual feelings, attractions, and behaviors. It can be influenced by cultural, familial, and personal factors.
What is sexual identity?
Sexual identity refers to an individual's sense of their own sexual preferences, attractions, behaviors, and orientation, which can be influenced by a range of biological, psychological, and social factors. It is an important aspect of a person's overall identity and can continue to develop and evolve throughout their life.
What are the social fectors?
Social factors that can influence an individual's sexual identity may include cultural and religious beliefs, family values and attitudes towards sexuality, peer pressure and norms, media representations of sexuality, and societal expectations around gender and sexual behavior. Other social factors may include access to sexual health education, resources and services, and discrimination or stigmatization based on sexual orientation or gender identity.
To know more about sexuality, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30096294
#SPJ1
Which of the following is true?
a. Distinct from anxiety is fear, which is the emotion that people experience when confronted with a real or imagined threat.
b. Anxiety disorders are the least prevalent of all psychological disorders.
c. Men are 60% more likely than women to experience an anxiety disorder over their lifetime.
d. Anxiety disorders are characterized by intense, irrational, and incapacitating aggression.
The correct statement is: a. Distinct from anxiety is fear, which is the emotion that people experience when confronted with a real or imagined threat.
Anxiety and fear are two distinct emotions, with fear being the response to an immediate or real threat, while anxiety is a more generalized and prolonged feeling of worry or unease about future events or situations. Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and persistent fear or anxiety that is related to specific objects or situations, which can interfere with daily life. Anxiety disorders are relatively common, affecting approximately 18% of the US population in a given year, and they can occur in both men and women. However, there is no evidence to suggest that men are more likely to experience anxiety disorders than women. Finally, anxiety disorders are not characterized by aggression, but rather by excessive and often irrational fear or worry.
To learn more about Anxiety disorders click here
brainly.com/question/30007128
#SPJ4
EXTERNAL TOOL ६ Course Access Which of the following quotes from the president's speech best explains the goals of the Great Society? "It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice, to which we are totally committed in our time." "Many of you will live to see the day, perhaps 50 years from now, when there will be 400 million Americans- "The water we drink, the food we eat, the very air that we breathe, are threatened with pollution. Our parks ar *Nearly 54 million-more than one quarter of all America-have not even finished high school."
"It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice, to which we are totally committed in our time." best explains the goals of the Great Society.
What is poverty?
Poverty is a state or condition of having inadequate resources, whether material or financial, to meet basic human needs such as food, shelter, and clothing. It is often characterized by a lack of access to education, healthcare, and other essential services. Poverty can be absolute, meaning a person is unable to meet their basic needs, or relative, meaning a person's standard of living is significantly lower than that of the average population in their society.
What is racial injustice?
Racial injustice refers to the unfair treatment of individuals or groups based on their race or ethnicity. It can take many forms, such as discrimination in hiring, housing, education, or the criminal justice system, as well as hate crimes, racial profiling, and police brutality. Racial injustice is a systemic problem that results from institutional and structural racism, as well as individual biases and prejudices. It leads to unequal opportunities, unequal outcomes, and unequal access to resources and services based on race, which can have serious and lasting effects on individuals and communities.
To know more about poverty, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30771214
#SPJ1
true/false. intelligence is relatively independent of education and includes reasoning, memory, and speed of processing, which declines slowly as people age.
Option b: Fluid intelligence is relatively independent/self-determining of education and includes/contains reasoning, memory, and speed of processing, which declines slowly as people age.
Fluid intelligence refers to the capacity to reason rapidly, think abstractly, and solve problems without relying on prior knowledge. Despite being distinct from crystallized intelligence, cognitive flexibility and crystallized intelligence are closely related, and we use both in many of the same situations.
As businesses prepare for the challenges of the next decade,Fluid intelligence is a topic of intense discussion, with many experts predicting that it will be crucial in the business world. Therefore, accurately evaluating cognitive flexibility is extremely important.
Thomas offers various tests that evaluate the characteristics associated with cognitive flexibility/Fluid intelligence, which can assist you in recruiting more efficiently for your workplace.
To learn more about 'fluid intelligence', here:
https://brainly.com/question/15020507
#SPJ4
Complete question:
_____ intelligence is relatively independent of education and includes reasoning, memory, and speed of processing, which declines slowly as people age.
Informational
Fluid-
Crystallized
Practical
true/false. Active listeners are considered by others to be more competent communicators overall
True. Active listeners are generally considered by others to be more competent communicators overall.
Active listening is a communication skill that involves giving one's full attention to the speaker and demonstrating an understanding of their message. It involves not only hearing the words but also understanding the speaker's perspective, emotions, and intentions. Active listeners ask clarifying questions, summarize the speaker's message, and provide feedback to show that they have understood the message. Such skills are highly valued in the workplace and in personal relationships, as they help to build trust and promote effective communication. Therefore, individuals who are skilled in active listening are generally perceived as more competent communicators, as they are able to establish rapport, avoid misunderstandings, and foster productive relationships.
To learn more about Active listeners visit;
https://brainly.com/question/1917378
#SPJ4
Why might DNA replication in eukaryotes require more enzymes than DNA replication in prokaryotes?
Answer:
DNA replication is a complex process that involves many enzymes and proteins working together to ensure that the DNA sequence is accurately and faithfully copied. Eukaryotic cells are generally more complex than prokaryotic cells, which means that their DNA replication process is also more complex. Here are some possible reasons why DNA replication in eukaryotes might require more enzymes than in prokaryotes:
Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into chromatin: In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into chromatin, which makes it more compact and organized. Chromatin contains histone proteins, which help to organize the DNA and regulate gene expression. The process of replicating DNA in chromatin requires additional enzymes and proteins to help unwind the DNA and remove the histones.
Eukaryotic cells have more DNA: Eukaryotic cells typically have more DNA than prokaryotic cells, which means that there is more DNA to replicate. This requires additional enzymes to ensure that the DNA is replicated accurately and efficiently.
Eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication: Eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication along their chromosomes, which means that DNA replication can occur at multiple locations simultaneously. This requires additional enzymes to initiate and coordinate the replication process at each origin.
Eukaryotic cells have more complex DNA repair mechanisms: Eukaryotic cells have more complex DNA repair mechanisms than prokaryotic cells, which allows them to fix DNA damage more efficiently. However, these repair mechanisms also require additional enzymes and proteins to carry out the repairs.
Overall, the additional complexity of eukaryotic cells and their DNA requires a larger and more complex set of enzymes to ensure that DNA replication occurs accurately and efficiently.
Explanation:
low context, individualistic, low on power distance, low distance from english, m-time, objective, competitive, etc.
It seems like you are describing cultural dimensions based on the framework developed by Geert Hofstede, which are used to analyze and compare cultural differences between countries and groups.
Here's what each of the dimensions you mentioned generally represents:
Low context: This refers to a communication style that relies heavily on explicit language and directness, with less emphasis on nonverbal cues or shared context.
Individualistic: This dimension reflects the degree to which people prioritize individual goals and needs over group goals and identity.
Low power distance: This dimension relates to attitudes towards hierarchy and authority, with lower power distance cultures valuing equality and minimizing social distance between people of different status.
Low distance from English: This refers to the level of familiarity and fluency with the English language, which is often used as a lingua franca in international contexts.
M-time: This refers to the way time is perceived and valued in a culture, with M-time (or "monochronic") cultures emphasizing punctuality and scheduling over flexibility and fluidity.
Objective: This dimension reflects a preference for rationality, facts, and directness in communication, rather than relying on personal feelings or subjective interpretations.
Competitive: This dimension reflects a focus on individual achievement and success, with a willingness to compete and strive for personal advancement.
Overall, these dimensions provide a useful framework for understanding some of the broad cultural differences that can impact communication, business practices, and social norms in different parts of the world.
Learn more about cultural dimensions
https://brainly.com/question/28942977
#SPJ4
compared to other cultures, the frequency of sexual intercourse in american society is about average.
Compared to other cultures, the frequency of sexual intercourse in the U.S. is is about average. The option C is correct.
The average adult today engages in sex 54 times per year, or approximately once every week, according to a 2017 study that was published in the Archives of Sexual Behavior. Gender refers to the socially created features of women, men, girls, and boys. This encompasses conventions, actions and duties connected with being a woman, man, girl or boy, as well as connections with each other. Gender is a social construct that differs from society to society and is subject to change throughout time.
To know more about sexual intercourse, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/9236892
#SPJ4
#SPJ4
Compared to other cultures, the frequency of sexual intercourse in the U.S.
A. ranks in the lowest third.
B. ranks in the highest third.
C. is about average.
D. is above average.
When doing content analysis coders should be blind to all but one of the following. Which one should they not be blind to? a. main hypothesis of the study b. operational definitions of descriptive categories and units of measurement c. source of the messages d immediate context surrounding the message to be coded
Coders should not be blind to main hypothesis of the study when doing content analysis coders should be blind to all. The option a is correct.
In any field, research is necessary to develop new ideas. Ideas that either support, accept, or refute the prevailing view. There have been countless innovations and discoveries from time immemorial. Took happened through research and world has received so many new notions.They help the human person to solve his issues. From the moment we were born and the current day. We've gathered a body of information. Curiosity, the urge to learn about one‘s environment and the desire to improve one‘s life.
To know more about hypothesis, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/29519577
#SPJ4
40. The President nominates and confirms the federal judges.
a.
True
b. False
Answer:
40. The President nominates and confirms the federal judges.
a.
True
b. False
Explanation:
False.
The President nominates federal judges, but they must be confirmed by the Senate.
FILL IN THE BLANK. When parallel parking, you should begin with your ________ even with the rear bumper of vehicle you want to park behind.
The situation has a real bumper response which is most suitable.
What does a car's bumper do?A bumper is a structure that is affixed to or integrated with the front and back ends of a car in order to lessen damage from small collisions. In 1904, the first cars with rigid metal bumpers appeared; their main function was adornment. Over time, bumpers have changed due to a variety of advancements, better materials and technologies, as well as a greater emphasis on functionality to safeguard car parts and increase safety.
The ideal bumper minimises the height discrepancies between vehicles and protects pedestrians. To decrease the negative effects on pedestrians and, more recently, the cost of motor repairs, regulations have been put in place.
To know about Bumper visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1695806
#SPJ1
fill in the blank. the ___presentation format assumes information must be provided in an accurate, thorough, and step-by-step manner to inform the prospect.
The presentation format that assumes information must be provided in an accurate, thorough, and step-by-step manner to inform the prospect is the "systematic" presentation format.
In a systematic presentation, the salesperson presents information in a logical order, typically beginning with an introduction, followed by a detailed explanation of the product or service, and concluding with a summary or conclusion. This approach is often used when the salesperson is selling complex products or services that require a more detailed explanation.
The systematic approach assumes that the prospect is primarily interested in the details of the product or service and wants to be provided with accurate and complete information to make an informed decision. This approach can be effective when the prospect is analytical and detail-oriented, but it may not be as effective with prospects who are more interested in the overall benefits of the product or service.
To learn more about systematic approach visit;
https://brainly.com/question/30576326
#SPJ4
the _____ process draws upon logic, imagination, intuition, and systemic reasoning to explore possibilities and created desired outcomes.
The creative process draws upon logic, imagination, intuition, and systemic reasoning to explore possibilities and create desired outcomes.
The creative process involves generating new ideas or solutions through a combination of different cognitive processes and skills.
Logic is important in the creative process because it provides a framework for organizing and evaluating ideas. Imagination and intuition, on the other hand, allow individuals to think outside the box and consider unconventional possibilities. Systemic reasoning helps individuals understand the relationships and connections between different elements in a problem or situation.
Overall, the creative process is a complex and dynamic process that requires a combination of different cognitive skills and approaches. It is an essential aspect of innovation, problem-solving, and personal growth.
To know more about creative process, visit: brainly.com/question/3951169
#SPJ4
TRUE/FALSE.The proper cutoff of inventories is best achieved when receiving reports and purchase invoices surrounding the year-end are examined.
The statement The proper cutoff of inventories is best achieved when receiving reports and purchase invoices surrounding the year-end are examined is true as The proper cutoff of inventories is best achieved when receiving reports and purchase invoices surrounding the year-end are examined.
This is because the cutoff date for inventory is typically the end of the accounting period, and any inventory received or shipped before or after that date should be accounted for in the appropriate period
. By examining receiving reports and purchase invoices, a company can ensure that inventory is properly accounted for in the correct period and that the inventory balance reported in the financial statements is accurate.
To know more about inventories, here
https://brainly.com/question/29316795
#SPJ4
fill in the blank. a___is a consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who can be a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways.
Change Agent is a consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who can be a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways.
A change agent is a consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who can be a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways. Change agents are specialists who are skilled at guiding individuals, groups, or entire companies through significant changes in processes, leadership, culture, or strategy.
A change agent must have excellent interpersonal communication abilities, including active listening and problem-solving. They should also have a strong understanding of behavioral sciences, such as psychology and sociology, and be familiar with the company's culture, operations, and objectives.
Finally, a change agent should have a good grasp of the industry, market conditions, and technological advancements relevant to the organization.
For such more question on behavioral:
https://brainly.com/question/30413302
#SPJ11
which of the following is the aim of an action and serves as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort for the action?
a) goal
b) need
c) value
d) valence
The answer is a) goal. A goal is the desired outcome or objective that an individual strives to achieve through their actions or behaviors.
It provides a sense of direction and purpose, and serves as a source of motivation and effort for the individual. Goals can be short-term or long-term, and can be related to various domains of life, such as work, education, relationships, health, and personal growth. The clarity, specificity, and relevance of a goal can impact the intensity and persistence of effort that an individual puts towards it. In addition, the feedback and progress towards the goal can also influence the individual's motivation and commitment to achieving it.
To know more about goal click here:
brainly.com/question/21032773
#SPJ4
in families where coparenting is cooperative, cohesive, and child centered, they are likely to have a high degree of family harmony.
In families where coparenting is cooperative, cohesive, and child-centered, there is a higher likelihood of family harmony.
When parents work together to support each other and prioritize their children's needs, they create a positive family environment where everyone feels valued and supported. This type of coparenting can lead to better communication, fewer conflicts, and a greater sense of unity among family members. Family members are also more likely to feel heard, respected, and valued, which can foster a sense of belonging and connection. In turn, this positive family dynamic can contribute to the emotional well-being and overall happiness of all family members.
To know more about harmony click here:
brainly.com/question/20693170
#SPJ4
T/F. The conventional moral reasoning level in Kohlberg's moral reasoning system is characterized by following what parents, teachers and peers do.
True. Following what one's parents, teachers, and classmates do and abiding by societal norms and ideals define the conventional moral reasoning level in Kohlberg's moral reasoning system.
Who does a youngster focus on in Kohlberg's traditional level of moral reasoning?Kohlberg's theory's conventional level places a strong emphasis on winning others' favor and satisfying them. The foundation of this level is the acceptance of societal norms of good and wrong. This second level's stage 3 is the "good boy/good girl stage."
What are Kohlberg's theory's three levels?The three levels of pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional were used to categorize Kohlberg's six phases. It is highly uncommon to regress backward in stages, in accordance with Piaget's constructivist requirements for a stage model (see his theory of cognitive development).
To know more about Kohlberg's visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/30322594
#SPJ1
Best Practice Guidelinessuggests that a group leader contact a group memberthat drops out with each of the following goals except toO discuss reasons for premature closure with other group membersO say good-bye to the remaining group membersO use pressure to have the member remain in groupO discuss the bene±ts and liabilities of staying in group
Best Practice Guidelines suggest that a group leader contact a group member that drops out with each of the following goals except to use pressure to have the member remain in the group.
The goal of a leader when a member drops out of a group is to maintain a positive relationship with the member and to ensure that their needs and concerns are being addressed. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use pressure to force the member to remain in the group. Instead, the leader should discuss the reasons for dropping out, say good-bye to the remaining group members, and discuss the benefits and liabilities of staying in the group. By discussing the reasons for dropping out, the leader can gain insight into the member's needs and concerns and potentially address them. Saying good-bye to the remaining group members helps to maintain positive relationships within the group. Finally, discussing the benefits and liabilities of staying in the group can help the member make an informed decision about whether to continue participating.
To learn more about group leader visit;
https://brainly.com/question/3868118
#SPJ4
TRUE/FALSE. during the renaissance and the enlightenment period a shift was seen which focused on assessment of actions rather than character
The statement during the renaissance and the enlightenment period a shift was seen which focused on assessment of actions rather than character is true as During the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods, there was a shift in ethical thinking that placed greater emphasis on the assessment of actions rather than character.
This shift was reflected in the development of new ethical theories, such as consequentialism and utilitarianism, which emphasized the importance of the outcomes or consequences of actions rather than the intentions or virtues of the actor.
This approach to ethics has continued to be influential in modern philosophical and ethical thinking.
To know more about enlightenment period , here
https://brainly.com/question/3360409
#SPJ4
FILL IN THE BLANK. Proponents of the feminist theory focus on how ideas pertaining to gender have been rather than Biologically determined; socially constructed b. Socially constructed; biologically determined c. Adoptively constructed; socially constructed d. Naturally constructed; biologically constructed
Proponents of feminist theory emphasize on how beliefs pertaining to gender have been socially produced rather than biologically established. The correct option is, b. Socially constructed; biologically determined.
This suggests that gender roles, expectations, and identities are not intrinsic to biological sex, but are instead created by social and cultural influences. Feminist theory emphasizes that gender is not a fixed or universal term, but rather a dynamic and historically dependent construct that can alter across time and location.
By highlighting the socially constructed character of gender, feminist theory strives to question old gender norms and hierarchies, and to promote more gender equality and social justice.
Learn more about Socially constructed
https://brainly.com/question/31111037
#SPJ4
Jue understands that soft skills and professional polish will ensure her long-term success on the job. Which of the following is not a soft skill?
Proficiency in using a variety of computer software packages
Definition
Proficiency in using a variety of computer software packages is not a soft skill. Option A is correct choice.
Soft skills refer to personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people. Examples of soft skills include communication skills, teamwork, problem-solving skills, adaptability, leadership skills, time management, and interpersonal skills.
On the other hand, proficiency in using computer software packages falls under technical skills, which are specific abilities that are related to performing a certain task or function. Technical skills are usually acquired through education, training, or experience. Hence, option A is correct choice.
To know more about soft skills, here
brainly.com/question/31087118
#SPJ4
--The complete question is, Jue understands that soft skills and professional polish will ensure her long-term success on the job. Which of the following is not a soft skill?
A. Proficiency in using a variety of computer software packages
B. Ability to communicate effectively with colleagues and clients
C. Time management and organizational skills
D. Problem-solving and critical thinking skills--
in which of the following cultures do fathers and mothers spend almost equal time interacting with their infants?
Aka pygmy culture is the culture in which fathers and mothers spend almost equal time interacting with their infants. So, option A is correct.
The Aka people are a hunter-gatherer tribe in Central Africa known for their unique parenting practices, which involve a high level of involvement by both parents in caring for infants and young children. Studies have shown that Aka fathers spend as much time holding and interacting with their infants as Aka mothers do, which is in contrast to many other cultures where mothers tend to take on the majority of the caregiving responsibilities for young children.
To know more about hunter-gatherer tribe
brainly.com/question/18227977
#SPJ4
The complete question is:
In which of the following cultures do fathers and mothers spend almost equal time interacting with their infants?
A) Aka pygmy culture
B) trust versus mistrust
C) throwing the infant in the air
D) joint attention
Researchers randomly assigned adolescents to either a single - grade classroom or a mixed - age classroom. This is an example of a.
Researchers randomly assigned adolescents to either a single - grade classroom or a mixed - age classroom. This is an example of a field experiment.
Cross-sectional research designs are used to analyse behaviour in individuals who are assessed at the same time but are of various ages. Longitudinal research is a prominent technique for performing developmental psychology habituation. Longitudinal research investigates the same person or group of persons over an extended period of time. Longitudinal research involves starting with a group of people who may be the same age and background (cohort) and measuring them repeatedly over a long period of time.
To know more about assimilation, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/14313590
#SPJ4
fill in the blank. between order qualifiers and order winners, superior performance on an order___will not, by itself, give a company a competitive advantage.
Between order qualifiers and order winners, superior performance on an order qualifier will not, by itself, give a company a competitive advantage.
Order qualifiers are the basic criteria that a company must meet to be considered by a customer. These criteria are the minimum level of performance that a customer expects from a product or service. On the other hand, order winners are the factors that differentiate a company's product or service from its competitors and enable it to win business.
While superior performance on an order qualifier is necessary to be considered as a viable option by customers, it does not necessarily give a company a competitive advantage. Customers may simply expect that level of performance and it may not be enough to differentiate a company's product or service from competitors. In order to achieve a competitive advantage, a company must excel in order winners, which are the unique features and benefits that customers value and are willing to pay for.
Therefore, while order qualifiers are necessary for a company to be considered by customers, they are not sufficient to achieve a competitive advantage. A company must also excel in order winners to differentiate itself from competitors and win business.
To learn more about competitive advantage visit;
https://brainly.com/question/15095207
#SPJ4
If you could use magic to do one mundane task for the rest of your life, what would it be? (Bonus question: What would you name the spell?)
Answer:
never having to get up and put socks on, just have socks appear by thinking
Which of the following refers to an individual's beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is good and bad?
a. An ordinance
b. Culture
c. A sacrament
d. Ethics
FILL IN THE BLANK to allow caregivers some time off, ____may be provided, which constitutes temporary care of dependent elders.
To allow caregivers some time off, "respite care" may be provided, which constitutes temporary care of dependent elders.
Respite care provides relief to family caregivers who need a break from their caregiving responsibilities. It can be provided in various settings, including the home, adult day care centers, or residential care facilities. Respite care services are essential for family caregivers who provide long-term care to older adults or individuals with disabilities. These services help to reduce caregiver stress, enhance the quality of life for care recipients, and prevent caregiver burnout. Respite care can be funded by various sources, including government programs, private insurance, or out-of-pocket payments.
To know more about caregivers click here:
brainly.com/question/11829765
#SPJ4
which of the following processes will be associated with a positive change in entropy for the system?
Entropy is increased by the creation of gaseous products from non-gaseous reactants. All spontaneous change occurs as the entropy of the universe increases.
For a process to be spontaneous, the total entropy change for the system and its surroundings must be positive (+). As ice melts, molecules are given more freedom to move, which leads to disorder. Once the water is subsequently heated to form gas, the molecules are then free to travel independently through space.The change in entropy for an adiabatic process is therefore equal to zero because the entropy (DS) for both of the preceding reactions would be positive.
To know more about Entropy, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/13135498
#SPJ4
Which of the following processes are associated with a positive change in entropy?
1. 2MgS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2MgO(s) + 2SO2(g)
2. 2COCl2(g) → 2CO(g) + 2Cl2(g)
3. condensation of water vapor into a liquid
4. sublimation of a solid into a gas
5. dissolving of a salt into a solution.
Hawks in both parties condemned Biden's compromise with Russia. First, they hoped that Washington could intervene with decisive military assistance; Then they were convinced that Putin would yield if the United States threatened to intervene militarily. However, the opposition of the Republicans is not as loud as before, because they still remember the controversial relationship between Trump and Russia.
Answer: A speaker's definition of a family (resource unknown):
Explanation:
Actually, sociologists don't agree very much about how to define family, but probably the vast majority of sociologists don't always bother to ask that question directly – they tend to sidestep it. I think anthropologists are a bit more careful here because anthropologists almost always are focusing on comparing one culture to another, and too often sociologists – not all sociologists but many sociologists – work within their own countries and tend to take for granted the definition of family that they presume is most widespread there. There are sociologists who challenge the definitions, and there certainly are some interesting conversations about what counts as a family. What's really interesting is that the public does tend to agree more on what counts as a family than sociologists probably do or that most politicians do. Most people today when they are polled will tell you that a family are people who love and take care of each other, which is actually a worldly revolutionary definition of family, because historically family has always been defined much more by issues of social obligation and reproduction and economic interdependency and religious constraints and things like that. So, our families have changed dramatically and I'm not sure that sociologists have always been able to keep up as well as maybe even people who are living their lives are able to.
Classroom eText definition of a family (Chapter 4: Socialization and the Life Course (page 85)
For most people, the family is the first source of socialization. Through families, children are introduced to the expectations of society. Children learn to see themselves through their parents’ eyes. How parents define and treat a child is crucial to the development of the child’s sense of self.
What children learn in families is certainly not uniform. Even though families pass on the expectations of a given culture, families within that culture may be highly diverse, as we will see in Chapter 13. Some families may emphasize educational achievement over physical activity; some may be more permissive, whereas others emphasize strict obedience and discipline. Within families, children may experience different expectations based on gender or birth order (being born first, second, or third). Living in a family experiencing the strain of social problems such as alcoholism, unemployment, domestic violence, or teen pregnancy also affects how children are socialized. The specific effects of different family structures and processes are the basis for ongoing and extensive sociological research.
Sociologists have also found that there are significant class differences in how children are socialized in families. By observing families in different social classes over an extended period of time, sociologist Annette Lareau found that children raised in upper- and middle-class families are given highly structured activities, such as music lessons, organized sports and clubs, language instruction, and other activities that both fill the family calendar and give children little free time. Cultivated childhood is the result as children in the upper and middle classes learn to navigate institutions and interact with authority figures in ways that will benefit them later in life. Working-class children, on the other hand, have much more unstructured childhoods, allowing them to create their own activities, but leaving them without the same skills to successfully navigate social institutions, such as school and work, later in life. In this sense, childhood socialization in families reproduces a system of inequality that advantages those who already have resources and disadvantages everyone else (Lareau 2011).
As important as the family is in socializing the young, it is not the only socialization agent. As children grow up, they encounter other socializing influences, sometimes in ways that might contradict family expectations. Even parents who want to socialize their children in less gender-stereotyped ways might be frustrated by the influence of other socializing forces, which promote highly gender-typed toys and activities to boys and girls. These multiple influences on the socialization process create what sociologist Emily Kane has called “the gender trap,” meaning the expectations and structures that reproduce gender norms, even when parents try to resist them (Kane 2012).
