Which of the following combinations will result in a reaction that is spontaneous at all temperatures?
Negative enthalpy change and negative entropy change
Negative enthalpy change and positive entropy change
Positive enthalpy change and negative entropy change
Positive enthalpy change and positive entropy change
PLS EXPLAIN WHAT EACH MEANS AND THE VARIABLES AND THE EXPLANATION BEHIND IT

Answer:

1 L

Explanation:

ppm means parts per million. Generally the relationship between mass and litre is given as;

1 ppm = 1 mg/L

This means that 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 mg of a substance dissolved in 1 L of water.

Answer:

7.50 L

Explanation:

The balloon has a volume of 1.20 L (V₁) when the pressure at the sea floor is 6.25 atm (P₁). When it reaches the surface, the pressure is that of the atmosphere, that is, 1.00 atm (P₂). If we consider the gas to behave as an ideal gas and the temperature to be constant, we can calculate the final volume (V₂) using Boyle's law.

P₁ × V₁ = P₂ × V₂

V₂ = P₁ × V₁ / P₂

V₂ = 6.25 atm × 1.20 L / 1.00 atm

V₂ = 7.50 L

Answer:

[tex]\Delta G=-359\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, we must remember that the Gibbs free energy is defined in terms of the enthalpy, temperature and entropy as shown below:

[tex]\Delta G=\Delta H -T\Delta S\\[/tex]

In such a way, for the given data, we obtain it, considering the conversion from J to kJ for the entropy in order to conserve the proper units:

[tex]\Delta G=-292\frac{kJ}{mol} -(298)(224\frac{J}{mol}*\frac{1kJ}{1000J} )\\\\\Delta G=-359\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

B- 358 kj

Explanation: I took the test

Answer:

The empirical formulae for the compound is CH3.

Answer:

Explanation:

MnO₂(s) + 4 HCl(aq)  = MnCl₂(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) + Cl₂

87 g                                                                     22.4 x 10³ mL

volume of given chlorine gas at NTP or at 760 Torr and 273 K

=  175 x ( 273 + 25 ) x 715 / (273 x 760 )

= 179.71 mL

22.4 x 10³ mL of chlorine requires 87 g of MnO₂

179.4 mL of chlorine will require    87 x 179.4 / 22.4 x 10³ g

= 696.77 x 10⁻³ g

= 696.77 mg .

Answer:

Buffer is the chemical substance that addition of acids and bases, maintaining constant environment,its called Buffer.

Explanation:

Answer:

E) NaF and SrO

Explanation:

The ionic bonding occurs between atoms with a great difference in electronegativity. This usually happens between a metal and a non-metal.

In which pair do both compounds exhibit predominantly ionic bonding?

A) KCl and CO₂. NO. C and O are non-metals and present covalent bonding.

B) SO₂ and BaF₂. NO. S and O are non-metals and present covalent bonding.

C) F₂ and N₂O. NO. Both compounds contain non-metals and present covalent bonding.

D) N₂O₃ and Rb₂O. NO. N and O are non-metals and present covalent bonding.

E) NaF and SrO. YES. Na and Sr are metals while F and O are non-metals.

Answer:

n = 0.207 mole

Explanation:

We have,

P = 1 atm

V = 5 liter

R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K

T = 293 K

We need to find the value of n. The relation is as follows :

PV = nRT

Solving for n,

[tex]n=\dfrac{PV}{RT}\\\\n=\dfrac{1\times 5}{0.0821 \times 293}\\\\n=0.207\ \text{mol}[/tex]

So, the value of n is 0.207 mol.

Answer:

[Ag⁺] = 5.0x10⁻¹⁴M

Explanation:

The product solubility constant, Ksp, of the insoluble salts PbI₂ and AgI is defined as follows:

Ksp(PbI₂) = [Pb²⁺] [I⁻]² = 1.4x10⁻⁸

Ksp(AgI) = [Ag⁺] [I⁻] = 8.3x10⁻¹⁷

The PbI₂ just begin to precipitate when the product  [Pb²⁺] [I⁻]² = 1.4x10⁻⁸

As the initial [Pb²⁺] = 0.0050M:

[Pb²⁺] [I⁻]² = 1.4x10⁻⁸

[0.0050] [I⁻]² = 1.4x10⁻⁸

[I⁻]² = 1.4x10⁻⁸ / 0.0050

[I⁻]² = 2.8x10⁻⁶

So, as the [I⁻] concentration is also in the expression of Ksp of AgI and you know concentration in solution of I⁻ = 1.67x10⁻³M:

[Ag⁺] [I⁻] = 8.3x10⁻¹⁷

[Ag⁺] [1.67x10⁻³] = 8.3x10⁻¹⁷

Answer:

3

Explanation:

Resonance is a valence bond concept put forward by Linus Pauling to explain the fact that the observed properties of a molecule may be as a result of the fact that its actual structure lie somewhere between a given number of structural extremes called canonical structures or resonance structures.

There are three resonance structures for SO3 that obey the octet rule. All the S-O bonds in SO3 are equivalent in these resonance structures.

Seven equivalent resonance structures for the molecular of SO3 can be drawn without breaking the octet rule.

We can arrive at this answer because:

In an SO3 molecule, electrons are shared between atoms. This sharing can be done with seven resonance structures.

These structures are shown in the figure below.

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Answer:

The liquid that is often used in thermometers is chrome.

It is khwon for raising its volule when the temperature raises and vice-versa. ● the temperature and the volume are proprtional to each other so using Mathematics, scientists have figured out a way to benefit from it to make a thermometer.

Answer: Reaction (1) , (3) and (4) are accompanied by an increase in entropy.

Explanation:

Entropy is the measure of randomness or disorder of a system. If a system moves from  an ordered arrangement to a disordered arrangement, the entropy is said to decrease and vice versa.

(1) [tex]2SO_2(g)+O_2(g)\rightarrow SO_3(g)[/tex]

3 moles of reactant are changing to 1 mole of product , thus the randomness is increasing. Thus the entropy also increases.

2) [tex]H_2O(l)\rightarrow H_2O(s)[/tex]

1 mole of Liquid reactant is changing to 1 mole of solid product , thus the randomness is decreasing. Thus the entropy also decreases.

3) [tex]Br_2(l)\rightarrow Br_2(g)[/tex]

1 mole of Liquid reactant is changing to 1 mole of gaseous product , thus the randomness is increasing. Thus the entropy also increases.

4)  [tex]H_2O_2(l)\rightarrow H_2O(l)+\frac{1}{2}O_2(g)[/tex]

1 mole of Liquid reactant is changing to half mole of gaseous product and 1 mole of liquid product, thus the randomness is increasing. Thus the entropy also increases.

Answer:

a. In the nickel-aluminum galvanic cell, the cathode is nickel electrode.

b. Therefore electrons flow from the aluminium electrode to the nickel electrode.

c. The aluminium electrode loses mass, while the nickel electrode electrode gains mass.

Explanation:

Voltaic or galvanic cells are electrochemical cells in which spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions. The two halves of the redox reaction are separate and electron transfer is required to occur through an external circuit for the redox reaction to take place. That is, one of the metals in one of the half cells is oxidized while the metal of the other half cell is reduced, producing an exchange of electrons through an external circuit. This makes it possible to take advantage of the electric current.

Given:

E ⁰N i ⁺² = − 0.23 V   is the standard reduction potential for the nickel ion

E ⁰  A l ⁺³ =  − 1.66  V  is the standard reduction potential for the aluminum ion

The most negative potentials  correspond to more reducing substances. In this case, the aluminum ion is the reducing agent, where oxidation takes place. In the anodic half cell oxidations occur, while in the cathode half cell reductions occur. So the aluminum cell acts as the anode while the nickel cell acts as the cathode.

So a. In the nickel-aluminum galvanic cell, the cathode is nickel electrode.

The metal that is oxidized gives electrons to the metal that is reduced through the outer conductor. Then the electrons flow spontaneously from the anode to the cathode.

Then b. Therefore electrons flow from the aluminium electrode to the nickel electrode.

Ni⁺², being the cathode, accepts electrons, becoming Ni (s) and depositing on the Ni electrodes.

So, c. The aluminium electrode loses mass, while the nickel electrode electrode gains mass.

Explanation:

a. Esters

b. Carboxylic acids

c. Esters (ethyl hexanoate smells like pineapple)

d. Carboxylic acids (produces a carboxylic salt)

For the given phrases the following description is better.

a. Esters

b. Carboxylic acids

c. Esters (ethyl hexanoate smells like pineapple)

d. Carboxylic acids (produces a carboxylic salt)

An ester is a synthetic compound got from a corrosive in which somewhere around one - OH hydroxyl bunch is supplanted by an - O-alkyl (alkoxy) bunch, as in the replacement response of a carboxylic acid and a liquor.

Carboxylic acid is any of a class of natural mixtures in which a carbon (C) particle is clung to an oxygen (O) molecule by a twofold bond and to a hydroxyl bunch (―OH) by a solitary bond.

Find more information about esters here:

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Explanation:

The spontaneity of a system is deduced by the sign of the gibbs free energy value. If it is negative, it means the process / reaction is spontaneous however a positive value indicates the such process is not spontaneous.

Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy are related by the following equation;

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

A positive value of enthalpy, H and entropy, S means that G would always be a negative value at all temperatures.

Answer:

The frequency of the photon is 7.41*10¹⁶ Hz

Explanation:

Planck states that light is made up of photons, whose energy is directly proportional to the frequency of radiation, according to a constant of proportionality, h, which is called Planck's constant. This is expressed by:

E = h*v

where E is the energy, h the Planck constant (whose value is 6.63*10⁻³⁴ J.s) and v the frequency (Hz or s⁻¹).

So the frequency will be:

[tex]v=\frac{E}{h}[/tex]

Being E= 4.91*10⁻¹⁷ J and replacing:

[tex]v=\frac{4.91*10^{-17} J}{6.63*10^{-34} J.s}[/tex]

You can get:

v= 7.41*10¹⁶ [tex]\frac{1}{s}[/tex]= 7.41*10¹⁶ Hz

The frequency of the photon is 7.41*10¹⁶ Hz

Answer:

Organic chemist? I do not know.

Explanation:

Thanks you.

The type of chemist exclusively studies most carbon compounds are organic chemist. Therefore, option C is correct.

The structure, characteristics, and reactivity of compounds containing carbon are studied by organic chemists. Additionally, they create novel organic materials with distinct features and uses.

Analytical capabilities, communication skills, and numeracy skills are three of the most important soft skills for an organic chemist.

Organic chemists often work in research and development in labs at universities, pharmaceutical, industrial, and biotechnology businesses, as well as government agencies, according to the American Chemical Society.

According to one assessment, organic chemistry is the hardest college course. According to certain statistics, almost one out of every two students in organic chemistry leave the course. The hopes of a medical career come tumbling down for those who fit this description. Organic chemistry is undoubtedly challenging.

Thus, option C is correct.

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Answer:

d. Oxidation and reduction

Explanation:

For this question we have to remember the definition of each type of reaction:

-) Hydrogenation

In this reaction, we have the addition of hydrogen to a molecule. Usually, an alkene or alkyne. In the example, molecular hydrogen is added to a double bond to produce an alkane.

-) Alkylation

In this reaction, we have the addition of a chain of carbon to another molecule. In the example, an ethyl group is added to a benzene ring.

-) Hydrolysis

In this reaction, we have the breaking of a bond by the action of water. In the example, a water molecule can break the C-O bond in the ester molecule.

-) Halogenation

In this reaction, we have the addition of a halogen (atoms on the VIIIA group). In the example, "Cl" is added to the butene.

-) Ammoniation

In this reaction, we have the addition of the ammonium ion ([tex]NH_4^+[/tex]). In the example, the ammonium ion is added to an acid.

-) Oxidation and reduction

In this reaction, we have opposite reactions. The oxidation is the loss of electrons and the reduction is the gain of electrons. For example:

[tex]Ag^+~+~e^-~->~Ag[/tex] Reduction

[tex]Al~->~Al^+^3~+~3e^-[/tex] Oxidation

Answer:

Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻

Explanation:

In a chemical reaction, spectator ions are ions that are not involved in the reaction, that means are the same before and after the reaction.

In water, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂ is dissociated in Ca²⁺ and OH⁻. Also, hydrochloric acid, HCl, dissociates in H⁺ and Cl⁻. The reaction is:

Ca²⁺ + 2OH⁻ + 2H⁺ + 2Cl⁻ → 2H₂O + Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻

The ions that react are H⁺ and OH⁻ (Acid and base producing water)

And the ions that are not reacting, spectator ions, are:

Answer:Liquid

Explanation:

Answer:

The ΔG° is 29 kJ and the reaction is favored towards reactant.

Explanation:

Based on the given information, the ΔH°rxn or enthalpy change is 41.2 kJ, the ΔS°rxn or change in entropy is 42.1 J/K or 42.1 * 10⁻³ kJ/K. The temperature given is 289 K. Now the Gibbs Free energy change can be calculated by using the formula,  

ΔG° = ΔH°rxn - TΔS°rxn

= 41.2 kJ - 289 K × 42.1 × 10⁻³ kJ/K

= 41.2 kJ - 12.2 kJ

= 29 kJ

As ΔG° of the reaction is positive, therefore, the reaction is favored towards reactant.  

Answer:

Triacontyl palmitate

Explanation:

In this case, we have a reaction between an acid and an alcohol. When we put together these kind of compounds an ester is produced. This reaction is called "esterification".

In our case, the alcohol is a structure with 30 carbon in which the "OH" group is bonded on carbon 1. The name of this compound is "n-triacontanol". The acid is a structure in which we have 16 carbon in which the "COOH" group is placed on carbon 1. The name of this compound is "palmitic acid". The ester produced by the acid and the alcohol is "Triacontyl palmitate".

See figure 1.

I hope it helps!

Answer:

the volume of the titrant used

Explanation:

Acid-base titrations are usually depicted on special graphs referred to as titration curve. A titration curve is a graph that contains a plot of the volume of the titrant as the independent variable and the pH of the system as the dependent variable.

Hence, a titration curve is a graphical plot showing the pH of the analyte solution plotted against the volume of the titrant as the reaction is in progress. The titration curve is drawn by plotting data obtained during a titration, that is, volume of the titrant added (plotted on the x-axis) and pH of the system (plotted on the y-axis).

Answer:

To prepare vegetables for finishing by grilling, sautéing, pan frying, deep frying, or stewing, you should parboil them to cook them to partial doneness.

Answer:

[tex]128~ATP[/tex]

Explanation:

The metabolic pathway by which energy can be obtained from a fatty acid is called "beta-oxidation". In this route, acetyl-Coa is produced by removing 2 carbons from the fatty acid for each acetyl-Coa produced. In other words, for each round, 1 acetyl Coa is produced and for each round 2 carbons are removed from the initial fatty acid. Therefore, the first step is to calculate the number of rounds that will take place for an 18-carbon fatty acid using the following equation:

[tex]Number~of~Rounds=\frac{n}{2}-1[/tex]

Where "n" is the number of carbons, in this case "18", so:

[tex]Number~of~Rounds=\frac{18}{2}-1~=~8[/tex]

We also have to calculate the amount of Acetyl-Coa produced:

[tex]Number~of~Acetyl-Coa=\frac{18}{2}~=~9[/tex]

Now, we have to keep in mind that in each round in the beta-oxidation we will have the production of 1 [tex]FADH_2[/tex] and 1 [tex]NADH[/tex]. So, if we have 8 rounds we will have 8 [tex]FADH_2[/tex] and 8 [tex]NADH[/tex].

Finally, for the total calculation of ATP. We have to remember the yield for each compound:

-) [tex]1~FADH_2~=~2~ATP[/tex]

-) [tex]1~NADH~=~3~ATP[/tex]

-) [tex]Acetyl~CoA~=~10~ATP[/tex]

Now we can do the total calculation:

[tex](8*2)~+~(8*3)~+~(9*10)=130~ATP[/tex]

We have to subtract  "2 ATP" molecules that correspond to the activation of the fatty acid, so:

[tex]130-2=128~ATP[/tex]

In total, we will have 128 ATP.

I hope it helps!

Answer:

c

Explanation:

How many moles of gold are equivalent to 1.204 × 1024 atoms?

0.2

0.5

2

5

C) 2 Is the correct answer, I took the test and it was correct.

According to the concept of Avogadro's number, there are 2 moles of gold which are equivalent to 1.204×10²⁴ atoms.

Avogadro's number is defined as a proportionality factor which relates number of constituent particles with the amount of substance which is present in the sample.

It has a SI unit of reciprocal mole whose numeric value is expressed in reciprocal mole which is a dimensionless number and is called as Avogadro's constant.It relates the volume of a substance with it's average volume occupied by one of it's particles .

According to the definitions, Avogadro's number depend on determined value of mass of one atom of those elements.It bridges the gap between macroscopic and microscopic world by relating amount of substance with number of particles.

Number of atoms can be calculated using Avogadro's number as follows: mass/molar mass×Avogadro's number.Number of moles=number of atoms/Avogadro's number=1.204×10²⁴ /6.023×10²³=1.999≅2

Thus, there are 2 moles of gold which are equivalent to 1.204×10²⁴ atoms.

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Answer:

I believe the answer The case study was influenced by bias, and led to incorrect conclusions being drawn. plz correct me if I am wrong

Explanation:

Answer: options B

Explanation:

Answer:

[tex]x_{et}=0.6068[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since the mole fraction of a compound, in this case ethanol, in a binary mixture, in this constituted by both water and ethanol, is mathematically defined as follows:

[tex]x_{et}=\frac{n_{et}}{n_{et}+n_{w}}[/tex]

Whereas [tex]n[/tex] accounts for the moles in the solution for each species, we must first compute the moles of both ethanol (density: 0.789 g/mL and molar mass: 46.07 g/mol) and water (density: 1g/mL and molar mass: 18.02 g/mol)

[tex]n_{et}=10.00mL\ et*\frac{0.789g\ et}{mL\ et} *\frac{1mol\ et}{46.07g\ et}=0.1713mol\ et\\ \\n_w=2.00mL\ w*\frac{1g\ w}{mL\ w} *\frac{1mol\ w}{18.02g\ w}=0.1110mol\ w[/tex]

Therefore, the mole fraction turns out:

[tex]x_{et}=\frac{0.1713mol}{0.1713mol+0.1110mol}\\\\x_{et}=0.6068[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

what does little birdie say in the birth of their differences lak lak lak nu pasand aayi baby sleep are no longer children all strong industry all strong baby to show the meaning of rice is here to get up from sleep meaning of lips is Hasan let the mother is saying the baby to sleep in a new

Taking into account the definition of molarity and the molar mass of the compound, the correct answer is option (d): the mass of FeSO₄.7H₂O required for preparation of 125 mL of 0.90 M  solution is 31 g.

In first place, you have to know tha molarity is a measure of the concentration of that substance that indicates the number of moles of solute present in the solution.

The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of the solute by the volume of the solution.

[tex]molarity=\frac{number of moles of solute}{volume of solution}[/tex]

Molarity is expressed in units [tex]\frac{moles}{liter}[/tex].

In this case, you know:

So, by definition of molarity, the number of moles is calculated as:

[tex]0.90 M=\frac{number of moles of solute}{0.125 L}[/tex]

Solving:

number of moles of solute= 0.90 M× 0.125 L

number of moles of solute= 0.1125 moles

On the other side, molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, which can be an element or a compound. In this case, the molar mass of FeSO₄.7H₂O is 277.85 [tex]\frac{g}{mole}[/tex].

Then you can apply the following rule of three: if by definition of molar mass, 1 mole of the compound contains 277.85 g, 0.1125 mole contains how much mass?

[tex]mass=\frac{0.1125 moles*277.85 g}{1 mole}[/tex]

Solving:

mass ≅ 31 g

Finally, the correct answer is option (d): the mass of FeSO₄.7H₂O required for preparation of 125 mL of 0.90 M  solution is 31 g.

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