What is the question Ghez and her graduate students are still trying to answer?

If atoms were smaller, Planck's constant would be smaller.

Planck's constant is the proportionality constant  pertaining to a photon's strength to its frequency. a particle representing a quantum of mild or different electromagnetic radiation. A photon contains strength proportional to the radiation frequency however has 0 relaxation mass. The constant  offers the connection among the strength of a photon and its frequency, and through the mass-strength equivalence, the connection among mass and frequency. This constant is directly proportional to the number of atoms. therefore if atoms were smaller, Planck's constant would be smaller.

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The volume of 0.175M sodium sulfate solution that is necessary to completely react with 35.0 mL of 0.112M silver nitrate is 22.4mL.

Molarity is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number moles of solute per litre of solution.

The volume of a solution can be calculated using the following expression:

CaVa = CbVb

Where;

According to this question, 0.175M sodium sulfate solution completely reacts with 35.0 mL of 0.112M silver nitrate. The volume required for this reaction to occur can be calculated as follows:

0.175 × Va = 35 × 0.112

0.175Va = 3.92

Va = 3.92/0.175

Va = 22.4mL

Therefore, 22.4mL is the volume of the sodium sulfate needed.

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The following statement is false about crystal field theory : the color of a coordination compound is the color of light absorbed.

Crystal field theory (CFT) describes how a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution breaks degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals (anion neighbours).

Hans Bethe, a physicist, developed the crystal field theory (CFT) for crystalline solids in 1929.

The following is how Crystal Field Theory explains the colors of coordination compounds: The splitting of a d-orbital into multiple orbitals is known as crystal field splitting. When white light strikes the compound, an electron moves into a higher state, absorbing a specific wavelength of light.

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Answer:

Gravity

Explanation:

A Lewis Structure is a very simplistic representation of the valence shell electrons of a molecule.

The valence shell electrons in a molecule are depicted in an extremely simplified manner by a Lewis Structure. It serves to display how the electrons are positioned around particular molecules' atoms.

Gilbert N. Lewis, who first described it in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, gave the Lewis structure its name. Lewis structures expand on the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.

By adding dots to the outer energy around the element's symbol to indicate electrons, a Lewis symbol is created. The number of dots for many common items matches the element's group number. The Lewis Symbols for several elements are listed below.

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The lactic acid has a pka equal to 3.86. the fraction of total lactic acid will be dissociated to lactate at pH 7.0 is 1.3 × 10³.

given that :

pH = 7.0

the pka value for the lactic acid = 3.86

according to the Henderson hasselbalch we get :

pH = pka + log [ H] / [HA]
substituting all the values ,we get

pH = pka + log [ H] / [HA]

7 = 3.86 + log [ H] / [HA]

log [ H] / [HA] = 3.14

[ H] / [HA] = 10 ^ 3.14

[ H] / [HA] = 1380.3

[lactate]/ [lactic acid] = 1.3 × 10³

thus, the ratio of the [lactate]/ [lactic acid] = 1.3 × 10³

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During chemistry class, carl performed several lab tests on two white solids. The results of three tests are seen in the data table. Based on this data, carl has concluded that substance b must have ionic bonds.

The complete transfer of certain electrons from one atom to another results in the formation of an ionic connection. A negatively charged ion known as a cation results from an atom losing one or more electrons. An anion, or negatively charged ion, is created when an atom gains one or more electrons.

If the electronegativity of the two atoms differs by enough to allow one to totally draw an electron away from the other, the connection is ionic. Compounds that mix elements from the left-hand side of the periodic table frequently encounter such circumstance (sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.)

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Increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is

Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.

Boiling point is directly proportional to intermolecular forces.

The intermolecular forces present in the given molecules are.

so, as benzene is nonpolar , only weak london dispersion force is present. Hence boiling point of benzene is least among the given molecules. Benzaldehyde is polar, so dipole -dipole force is also present. But no H-bonding is present. Hence, boiling point of benzaldehyde is less than that of phenol and benzoic acid. Now, both phenol and benzoic acid is polar as well as they can form H-bonding. But phenol can only form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, but benzoic acid can form both intermolecular as well as intramolecular H bonding. So it can exist as dimer. The presence of dimer further strengthen the vander Waals dispersion forces , that increases the boiling point of Benzoic acid.

Hence increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is

Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.

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The molar mass of caf2 is 78.075 g/mol is 4.14 x 10^ -11.

CaF2 (s) <----> Ca2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq)

At equilibrium [Ca2+] = S , [F-] = 2S , where S is amount of CaF2 dissolved i.e solubility.

The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined by dividing its mass by the quantity of that compound, expressed as the number of moles in the sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a material is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.

given S = 1.7 x 10^ -2 g/L = 0.017 g/L

we can convert g/L to mol/L by dividing S with Molar mass of CaF2

S in mol / L = (S in g/L) / ( CaF2 molar mass) = ( 0.017g/L) / ( 78.07g/mol) = 0.000218 mol /L

[F-] = 2S = 2 x ( 0.000218) = 0.000436 mol/L

now Ksp = [Ca2+] [F-]^2

= ( 0.000218 ) (0.000436 )^2

= 4.14 x 10^ -11

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The electrons in an atom are depicted in orbital diagrams in visual form. For creating orbital diagrams, three rules are helpful.

Each electron resides in the orbital with the , in accordance with the Auf Bau Principle.

According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, an orbital can hold no more than two electrons. According to Hund's rule, electrons enter various orbitals within a single sub-level before doubling up within orbitals.

We have seen how the quantity and kind of valence electrons play a crucial role in establishing the chemical characteristics of a specific element. Due to their propensity to lose their single valence, Group 1A metals are extremely reactive.

Therefore, The electrons in an atom are depicted in orbital diagrams in visual form. For creating orbital diagrams, three rules are helpful.

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I would dissolve non-polar solid iodine in liquid bromine, which is non-polar, as the solvent.

Polar substances are substances whose molecules have oppositely-charged ends. Examples of polar substances are ionic compounds as well as polar covalent compounds like water and hydrogen chloride.

Non-polar substances are substances whose molecules do not have charged ends. Examples of non-polar substances are covalent molecules such as carbon dioxide, bromine, etc.

According to the principle of solutions, like dissolves like. Hence,  non-polar solids will dissolve in non-polar solvents.

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Protein synthesis is a process that is generated within cells where different organelles and genetic components are involved through which proteins are generated.

The biosynthesis of proteins will be given by different parts, beginning with the translation of the genetic material. It will be given by different steps:

1. mRNA binds to ribosomes and the aminoacyl-tRNA to be associated to the first codon of the mRNA is associated.

2. The elongation of the polypeptide chain occurs, in which the amino acids are joined

3. The elongation is finished when the termination codons are reached.

4. The translation components are released and post-translational modifications are started.

5. The folding, glycosylation and modification of amino acids occur

6. Finally, the protein is released to generate its function

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There are 2 O atoms are in Ammonium acetate ( CH₃COONH₄ ).

Ammonium ( NH₄⁺ ) comes from Ammonia ( NH₃ ) :

NH₃ + H⁺ → NH₄⁺ ( Ammonium ion )

Acetate ( CH₃COO⁻ ) comes from Acetic acid ( CH₃COOH ) :

CH₃COOH → CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺

Ammonium acetate :

NH₄⁺ + CH₃COO⁻ = CH₃COONH₄

Here, Ammonium ion does not have any O atom and acetate have 2 o atoms,

0-O + 2-O = Total number of atom O

Total number of atom O = 2

So, the right option is B. 2, there are 2 O atoms are in Ammonium acetate ( CH₃COONH₄ ).

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The amount of HCn that gives the lethal dose in a small laboratory room measuring  the density of air at is 0.00118 is 14.4 g of the HCN.

The volume of the air present in laboratory room is as :

volume of laboratory room = length × breadth × height

                                             = 12 × 15 × 8 ft³

                                              = 1440 ft³ = 4.08 × 10⁷ cm³

The mass of  air = density of air × volume of the laboratory room

                          = 0.00118 g /cm³ × 4.08 × 10⁷ cm³

                         = 48210.7 g = 48.21 kg

a) The lethal dose of HCN in the 1kg of the air = 300 × 10⁻³ g of HCN

therefore , for 48.21 kg =  300 × 10⁻³ × 48.21

                                       = 14.4 g

b) 2 moles of the HCN form the 2 moles of NaCN

molar mass of NaCN = 49 g/mol

molar mass of HCN = 27 g/mol

54 g of HCN will form 98 g of NaCN

14.4 g of HCN is consider as the lethal dose

theferfore , mass of NaCN give the lethal dose = (98 / 54 ) 14.4

                                                                               = 26.22 g

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n specifies B. The energy and average distance from the nucleus, l specifies C. The subshell - orbital shape, ml specifies A. The orbital orientation.

n is known Principal quantum number

l is known Azimuthal quantum number

ml is known Magnetic quantum number

The energy and usual distance from the nucleus are described by the fundamental quantum number, or n.

The subshell and orbit's shape are described by the orbital quantum number, or l.

The orbit's direction is described by the magnetic quantum number, ml.

So, n specifies B. The energy and average distance from the nucleus.

l specifies C. The subshell - orbital shape.

ml specifies A. The orbital orientation.

Thus, n specifies B., l specifies C., ml specifies A.

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The amount, in liters, of water needed to be added to prepare 1000 mL of 0.3 M NaCl from a 5 M NaCl stock solution would be 0.94 L.

According to the dilution principle, the number of moles of solutes before dilution must be equal to the number of moles of solutes after dilution. This is mathematically expressed as:

[tex]m_1v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2[/tex]

Where [tex]m_1[/tex] and [tex]m_2[/tex] are molarities before and after dilution, and [tex]v_1[/tex] and [tex]v_2[/tex] are volumes before and after dilution.

In this case, [tex]m_1[/tex] = 5 M, [tex]m_2[/tex] = 0.3 M, [tex]v_2[/tex] = 1000 mL.

Let's find [tex]v_1[/tex]:

[tex]v_1[/tex] =  [tex]m_2v_2[/tex] /[tex]m_1[/tex]

  = 0.3x1000/5

  = 60 mL

In other words, the volume of the stock solution to be taken is 60 mL. This volume has to be diluted by water to the 1000 mL mark. Thus, the amount of water to be added would be:

1000 - 60 = 940 mL

940 mL = 0.94 L

In summary, 0.94 L of water will be required to prepare the solution.

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Answer: The hybridization that is involved in SF4 is sp3d type. Here will learn and understand how to determine SF4 hybridization. We will discuss the steps in detail.

Name of the Molecule Sulphur Tetrafluoride

Molecular Formula = SF4

Hybridization Type = sp3d

Bond Angle = 102o and 173o

Geometry = see-saw

Explanation:

In order to determine the hybridization of sulphur tetrafluoride, you have to first understand its Lewis structure and the number of valence electrons that are present. The SF4 molecule consists of a total of 34 valence electrons. Here 6 will come from sulphur and each of the four fluorine atoms will have 7 electrons.

During the formation of SF4, the sulphur atom will form bonds with each of the fluorine atoms where 8 valence electrons are used. Meanwhile, the four fluorine atoms will have 3 lone pairs of electrons in their octet which will further utilize 24 valence electrons. In addition, two electrons will be kept as lone pairs in the sulphur atom. Now we can determine sulphur’s hybridization by taking a count of the number of regions of electron density.

When bonding takes place there is a formation of 4 single bonds in sulphur and it has 1 lone pair. Looking at this, we can say that the number of regions of electron density is 5.

EXTERNAL LINKS :

https://www.chemtube3d.com/vseprshapesf4/

https://geometryofmolecules.com/sf4-lewis-structure-polarity/

The concentration measures will change in value as the temperature of a solution changes is molarity. The correct option is 4.

The molarity of a substance refers to how much of it is present in a given volume of solution (M). Molarity is the measure of how many moles of a solute are present per liter of a solution. Molarity is also referred to as a solution's molar concentration.

To find the equation for molarity, divide the volume of solvent used to dissolve the given solute by the number of moles of that solute. M = n V

Since the volume of the solution rises as the temperature rises, molarity decreases. Therefore, molarity is normally affected when therefore is a change in temperature of a solution either when it increases or decreases.

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Erwin Schrodinger is the scientist who created the present theory of the atom, which states that electrons are found in areas known as orbitals or electron clouds.

He proposed the treatment of electrons as matter waves in the quantum mechanical model of the atom. In 1926, Erwin Schrodinger created the "Electron Cloud Model." It was made up of an electron cloud with many different orbital levels surrounding a dense nucleus. He determined areas around the nucleus that are most likely to contain electrons based on his estimates. He referred to these areas as orbitals. "Lobes" are a term used to describe the likelihood of finding electrons in orbitals. This atomic model is a representation of an atom that has a small, massive nucleus that is encircled by a cloud of electrons that are travelling quickly.

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Any area that has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion must be rubbed with alcohol to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads.

This is referred to as a substance which is derived from the fermentation of sugar under anaerobic conditions and it usually has an intoxicating effect.

However, it is also used for other purposes such as skin care and is usually applied after it has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion so as to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads thereby making alcohol the correct choice in this scenario.

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Answer: thunderstorms

Explanation:

the half-life of plutonium-234 is 9 hours. if 80 milligrams is present now, 80/(3.2^8)  will be present in 3 days.

3 days = 72 hrs= 8 half lives, amount remaining after 't' half lives is 80(1/2^t), amnt after 70 hrs = 80(1/2^8)., amnt after 79 hrs = 80(1/2^9).

amnt decayed in the 9th half life is 80((1/2^8)-(1/2^9))=80(1/2^9)., amnt decayed from 70 hrs to 72 hrs = (2/3)(70/2^9). amnt remaining after 72 hrs = 80(1/2^8) - (2/3)(80/2^9) = 80/(3.2^8) ans

The half-life of a quantity is the time it takes to decrease to half of its original value. In nuclear physics, the term is frequently used to define how quickly atoms undergo radioactivity or how long steady atoms stay alive. The term is also used to describe any form of exponentially decaying in general. The half-life is then determined by calculating to use the fundamental description of activity, which is defined as the good or service of the radionuclide decay constant, as well as the amount of radioactive atoms present, N. One solves for and obtains the half-life from the equation = ln2/T1/2.

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992 millimoles of zinc nitrate the chemist has added to the reaction flask.

Zinc nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula Zn(NO₃)₂. This colorless, crystalline salt is extremely hydrophilic. it's generally encountered as a hexahydrate Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O. it's soluble in each water and alcohol. Zn Nitrate may be a colorless or white, odorless, crystalline (sand- like) solid or flake. it's used as a catalyst and a mordant for dyes, and in liquid plant food.

Chemists and materials scientists study substances at the atomic and molecular levels and analyze the ways that within which the substances move with each other. They use their information to develop new and improved product and to check the standard of factory-made product.

The question is incomplete, find the complete question here

A chemist adds 435.0mL of a 2.28 M zinc nitrate ZnNO32 solution to a reaction flask. Calculate the millimoles of zinc nitrate the chemist has added to the flask. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.

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Answer:

a. What is the type of reaction? Decomposition

b. What is the missing product? SrCl2

c. Determine the number of electrons in strontium's (Sr) outer shell.  Sr is in Group 2 --> outer shell has 2 electrons

Explanation:

If XeF2 is polar or nonpolar based on the Lewis Structure and the molecular geometry (shape).

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Answer:

The answer is 95.8 grams.

Explanation:

To solve this problem we need to use dimensional analysis. We have the amount in moles and want to find the mass in grams, so we need a conversion factor. This conversion factor is also given to us and allows us to "convert" between grams and moles. The dimensional analysis is modeled below:

2.0 mol * (47.9 g/1 mol) = 95.8 g

Notice how since we have the unit of moles in the numerator and the denominator, these will cancel out, yielding an answer expressed in grams.

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The reaction would be endothermic since heat flowed INTO the system

The temperature of the water bath would down since heat left the water and entered the system

The piston would move in since it is doing work ON the system.

The reaction would absorb energy since both heat and work are being done ON the system

∆E = q + w = 270. kJ + 365. kJ = 635 kJ of energy absorbed by the reaction

How hot or cold something is can be expressed numerically using the physical concept of temperature. Temperature is measured with a thermometer.

Different temperature scales, which traditionally established various reference points and thermometric materials, are used to calibrate thermometers. The most widely used scales are the Kelvin scale (K), which is mostly used in science, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Celsius scale, also referred to as centigrade and denoted by the unit symbol °C. The kelvin is one of the seven base units in the International System of Units (SI).

The complete question is:

A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath.

The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that  270.kJ of heat flows into the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the piston does 365.kJ of work on the system during the reaction.

a) Is the reaction endo- or exo- thermic?

b) Does the temp. of the water bath go up or down?

c) Does the piston move in or out?

d) Does the reaction absorb or release energy?

e) How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.

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The molar mass of the gas, given that 3.25 g of the gas occupied 2.56 L is 30.66g/mol

To obtain the molar mass of the gas, we shall first obtain the number of mole of the gas. This can be obtained as follow:

PV = nRT

0.95 × 2.56 = n × 0.0821 × 280

Divide both sides by (0.0821 × 280)

n = (0.95 × 2.56) / (0.0821 × 280)

n = 0.106 mole

Haven obtain the mole of the gas, we shall determine the molar mass of the gas as follow:

Molar mass = mass / mole

Molar mass of gas = 3.25 / 0.106

Molar mass of gas = 30.66g/mol

Thus, the molar mass of the gas is 30.66g/mol

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3741.3 J is the total random kinetic energy of all the molecules in one mole of hydrogen at a temperature of 300 k.7482.6 m/s is the speed of a mole of hydrogen have to move so that the kinetic energy of the mass as a whole would be equal to the total random kinetic energy of its molecules

At 300 K, the total random kinetic energy of all the molecules in one mole of hydrogen is 3741.3 J. The speed at which a mole of hydrogen must move in order for its kinetic energy to equal the total random kinetic energy of its molecules is 7482.6 m/s. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is determined by absolute temperature, according to kinetic theory. At a specific temperature, all gases share the same average kinetic energy". Kinetic energy = 3/2 * RT = 3/2 8.314 * 300 = 3741.3 J,KE = 1/2 m v2,v2 = 2 KE/m = 2* 3741.3/1.

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The density of an unknown gas is 2.00 grams per liter at 3.00 atmosphere pressure and 127oc.the molar mass of this gas is 21.87 g/mol.

given that :

density , d = 2 g/L

pressure P = 3 atm

temperature , T = 127 °C

the ideal gas equation is given as :

P V = nR T

and d = m / V

where,

m = mass

V = volume

Molar mass M = m/n

now the equation becomes :

P V / m = n R T / m

P / d = R T / M

M = d R T / P

M = ( 2 g/L × 0.082 L atm / mol K × 400.15 K ) / 3 atm

M = 21.87 g / mol

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