Chemistry College

High-purity benzoic acid (C6H₂COOH; AHxn for combustion = -3227 kJ/mol) is used as a standard
for calibrating bomb calorimeters. A 1.221-g sample burns in a calorimeter (heat capacity = 1365 J/°C)
that contains exactly 1.240 kg of water. What temperature change is observed?
°℃

Answers

Answer 1

According to the given statement 5 °C temperature change is observed.

How does a calorimeter function and what is it?

The variation in heat is measured by a calorimeter. A metal water container placed above an exhaust gases serves as the basic component of a calorimeter. The amount of water's temperature change is measured using a thermometer.

Briefing:

The calorimeter burns a 1.221g sample.

The calorimeter contains 1.240 kg of water .

The calorimeter has a heat capacity of 1365 j/°C.

∆H rxn = -3227 kj/mol of benzoic acid

Given: 1.221 g is the mass of the benzoic acid

Benzoic acid's molecular weight is 122.12 g/mol.

122.12 g benzoic acid = 1 mol

1.221 g benzoic acid =1.221/122.12= 0.0099 moles

When burned, 1 mol of benzoic acid releases 3227 kj of energy.

Burning 0.0099 moles of benzoic acid produces energy

= 3227kj×(0.0099mols)/1 mol =32.2647 kj =32264.7 j

The calorimeter absorbed thermal energy

= 1365 j/C ×T

Water absorbs heat

= m× C× T

= 1240 g( 4.18 j/gC ) ×T

= 5183.2j/C×T

the total amount of heat absorbed

= 1365T + 5183.2T

=6548.2T

6548.2T=32264.7

T= 4.92 deg.C

T= 5 °C

The result is a 5 °C temperature change.

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Related Questions

Identify the options below that are results of decreasing the temperature of a system that includes an exothermic reaction in the forward direction. A. The concentration of the reactants increases. B. The concentration of the products increases. C. The equilibrium constant decreases. D. The equilibrium shifts toward the products.

Answers

If the reaction is exothermic as described, a rise in temperature will thus trigger the opposite reaction, which will result in a decrease in the amount of the products and an increase in the number of reactants. The reverse outcome will occur if the temperature is lowered.

B. The concentration of the products increases.

A reaction is defined as exothermic if the overall standard enthalpy change (H) is negative. Exothermic processes typically produce heat. Exergonic reaction, which the IUPAC defines as "... a reaction for which the overall standard Gibbs energy change G is negative," is frequently mistaken with the phrase.

Because "H" contributes significantly to "G," a strongly exothermic process is typically also exergonic. Exothermic and exergonic chemical reactions make up the majority of the impressive demonstrations in schools.

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Find the volume, in mL, of an object whose density is 400 g/mL and has a mass of 600
mg.

Answers

The volume of the object is 1.5ml.

What is the volume of an object?

This refers to the space occupied within the boundaries of an object in three-dimensional space. It is also called the capacity of the object.

In the question:

ρ = 400 g/mL

m = 600 mg

v = ?

Formular for calculating density ρ:

ρ = m/v

Where,

ρ= Density of the object

m= Mass of the object

v = volume of the object

Were are given the values of density and mass in the question. We are to calculate the volume.

Makinig v subject of the formular we have:

v = m/ρ

v =  600 mg

      400 g/mL

v = 1.5ml

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I need help please!!

Answers

A. The units remaining after the conversion is mi

B. The units remaining after the conversion is atoms

A. How do I determine the units remaining?

From the question given above, the following expression was obtained:

in × ft/in × mi/ ft

To know the unit that will remain, we shall simplify the expression. Details below:

in × (ft/in) × (mi/ ft)

Cancel out in

ft × (mi/ ft)

Cancel out ft

mi

Thus, the unit remaining is mi

B. How do I determine the units remaining?

From the question given above, the following expression was obtained:

g × mol/g × atoms/ mol

To know the unit that will remain, we shall simplify the expression. Details below:

g × (mol/g) × (atoms/ mol)

Cancel out g

mol × (atoms/ mol)

Cancel out mol

atoms

Thus, the unit remaining is atoms

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Which if these options best describes the diagnostic cleavage that is typical of the mica group of minerals (which includes muscovite and bietet A) Three perpendicular cleavage planes B) Two cleavage planes intersecting at 90° C) Two cleavage planes intersecting at 120 D) A single planar cleavage

Answers

D ) The answer that best depicts the diagnostic cleavage that is typical of the mica group of minerals which include muscovite and bietet is a single, planar cleavage .

Cleavage is the splitting of minerals along natural planes of weakness

When there is only one cleavage plane, a single, planar cleavage known as the basal or pinacoidal cleavage takes place. cleaved at the base of the graphite. Mica (like muscovite or biotite) has basal cleavage, that's why mica can be peeled into thin sheets.

So single planar cleavage is answer of this question.

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the equilibrium constant of a redox reaction can be calculated from the standard reduction potentials of involved redox couples at given temperature.

Answers

The Nernst equation and the link between the standard cell potential and free energy can be used to determine the equilibrium constant of the redox process in an electrochemical cell.

The ratio of the product concentration to the reactant concentration is the equilibrium constant. a fixed value for a certain reaction at a specific temperature. The letter "c" denotes the expression of the equilibrium constant in terms of concentrations.

The standard cell potential, temperature, reaction quotient, and the cell potential of an electrochemical cell are all related by the Nernst equation. The Nernst equation can be used to determine the cell potentials of electrochemical cells even under unusual circumstances.

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Which of these reactions leads to a change in the hybridization of one or more carbon atoms? oxidation of an alcohol to yield a carboxylic acid neutralization of an amine using a strong mineral substitution of an aromatic ring using a halogen free radical halogenation of an alkane hydrolysis of an ester to yield an acid and an alcohol

Answers

All of these reactions can potentially lead to a change in the hybridization of one or more carbon atoms, but the extent of the change and the specific details of the reaction will depend on the specific reaction being considered.

Oxidation of an alcohol to yield a carboxylic acid: This reaction typically involves the addition of an oxygen atom to the carbon atom that was bonded to the hydroxyl group in the alcohol, as well as the removal of two hydrogen atoms. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atom, depending on the specific alcohol being oxidized and the conditions of the reaction.

Neutralization of an amine using a strong mineral acid: This reaction typically involves the addition of a proton to the nitrogen atom in the amine, as well as the removal of a hydroxyl group. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the nitrogen atom, depending on the specific amine being neutralized and the conditions of the reaction.

Substitution of an aromatic ring using a halogen: This reaction typically involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring with a halogen atom. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to the hydrogen atom that is replaced, depending on the specific aromatic compound and the conditions of the reaction.

Halogenation of an alkane: This reaction typically involves the substitution of one or more hydrogen atoms on an alkane with a halogen atom. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atoms bonded to the hydrogen atoms that are replaced, depending on the specific alkane and the conditions of the reaction.

Hydrolysis of an ester to yield an acid and an alcohol: This reaction typically involves the addition of a hydroxyl group to the carbon atom that was bonded to the ester group, as well as the removal of the oxygen atom that was bonded to the same carbon atom. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atom, depending on the specific ester being hydrolyzed and the conditions of the reaction.

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