what is the iupac name of the following compound? multiple choice 4-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid 1-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid 3-(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid

a. hcl, hno3, hf, hclo4 b. h2so4  list contains only strong acids.

Chloric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, and sulfuric acid are the 7 main acids. These are strong acids since they can completely dissociate in water. A strong acid is described as an acetone that completely disintegrates when added to water. Because the hydrochloric acid inside the preceding example donates every one of its protons to the remedy and totally dissolves, it is classified as a strong acid.

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SF6 molecular geometry will be octahedral because if we look at the structure sulphur hexafluoride has a central sulphur atom around which12 electrons or 6 electron pairs are present and there are no lone pairs.

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The nickel has a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure and has a density of 8.90 g/cm3. its atomic radius is 1.36 × 10⁻⁸ cm.

given that :

density = 8.90 g/ cm³

the density is given as :

density = mass / volume

no. of atoms = 8 (1/8) + 6(1/2)

volume = (r ×  8 (1/8))³

mass = 4 atoms ×  mol / 6.022 × 10²³ atoms × 58.68 g /mol

density = mass / volume

8.90 g/ cm³ = (4 atoms ×  mol / 6.022 × 10²³ atoms × 58.68 g /mol ) /  (r ×  8 (1/8))³

r = 1.36 × 10⁻⁸ cm

Thus, the atomic radius is  1.36 × 10⁻⁸ cm.

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The  halogen forms the weakest bond to carbon is Iodine due to vary size difference between iodine and a carbon

Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. It is a halogen, which means it is a highly reactive, nonmetal element that occurs in the periodic table among the highly reactive nonmetals. Iodine is a blue-black, lustrous solid that sublimates (turns from a solid directly into a gas) at standard temperature and pressure. It has a melting point of 386.85 degrees Fahrenheit (193.65 degrees Celsius) and a boiling point of 575.1 degrees Fahrenheit (302.9 degrees Celsius). Iodine is an essential trace element in the human body. It plays a vital role in the production of thyroid hormones, which are important for normal growth and development. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, absorbs iodine from the blood and uses it to produce thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter, a condition characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland.

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4.447 x10^13 J  is the nuclear binding energy per mole if the mass defect of a certain isotope is 0.1172 u per atom or 0.1172 g per mol? express your answer in joules.

BE = dleta mc^2.

Given that, delta m = mass defect = 0.4941 g per mol = 0.4941/1000 kg/mol c = 3x10^8 m/s

BE = ( 0.4941/1000) x (3x10^8)^2= 4.4469 x10^13

    = 4.447 x10^13 J

Nuclear binding energy is energy required to completely separate an atomic nucleus in with its constituting protons and neutrons, or the energy freed by combining protons and neutrons into a single nucleus. Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but number of protons. They have nearly identical chemical composition but differ in volume and thus in physicochemical parameters.

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If one form of a gene can mask the appearance of another form, that form is considered dominant over the other form. Option B.

According to Mendel, genes are usually made up of 2 alleles. These alleles can be the same or different. When the alleles are the same, the gene is said to be homozygous. If the alleles are different, the gene is said to be heterozygous.

When the two alleles that make up a gene are different, one will be dominant and the other will be recessive. The dominant gene masks the effect of the recessive gene. In other words, the recessive gene cannot be expressed as long as it coexists with the dominant gene. In order for it to be expressed, it has to be in two copies or a homozygous recessive form.

For the dominant allele, however, only one copy is needed for it to be expressed.

In summary, if one form of a gene can mask the appearance of another form, that form is considered dominant over the other form.

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Aufbau's principle states that an electron in an atom is filled according to the energy of orbitals, orbital with minimum energy is first filled, and so on.

so the order of filling of electrons in orbitals are 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p 8s.

so, the 4f subshell is filled after the complete filling of electrons in 6s.

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NaCl or NH4Cl should be added to a separatory funnel in order to partition an acidic organic compound into aqeous layer.

If it is difficult to tracking where the water droplets go, also keeping track of the volumes of the layers: whichever layer increased with the additional of water is the aqeous layer.

The aqeous phases is water-based and can be an acidic, basic, neutral, or a saturated salt solutions. The organic phase is an organics solvent, usually diethyl ether or dichlorophenoline, which has minimalist solubility in water. For instance, ethanol would be a poor extractions solvent because it forms a solution within water.

One methods is to add NaCl or NH4Cl should to the separatory funnels, which dissolved in the aqueous layer and Decreased the ability of organics compounds to dissolve in water ("salting out").

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There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, gems have ionic bonding and plastic beads have covalent bonding.

Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.

An ionic compound is a metal and nonmetal combined compound.  Ionic compound are very hard. They have high melting and boiling point because of strong ion bond. Gems  have ionic bonds formed between metals and nonmetals. Plastic beads, will have covalent bonds because it is easily deformed.

Therefore, gems have ionic bonding and plastic beads have covalent bonding.

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The solubility laws that regulate ionic chemicals in an aqueous solution are the main focus of double replacement reactions. The insoluble iron(III) phosphate, FePO4, precipitates out of the solution when these two solutions are combined because the iron(III) cations and phosphate anions combine to make it.

                FeBr3(aq)+K3PO4(aq)→FePO4(s)⏐↓+3KBr(aq)

Ionic equations are chemical formulas in which the electrolytes in aqueous solution are stated as dissociated ions, in contrast to molecular equations, which express compounds as molecules. The ionic species are typically followed by (aq) in the equation to denote that they are in an aqueous solution, and the substance in question is typically a salt that has been dissolved in water.

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Molecular compounds are termed by using the stem of the first element's name plus the suffix -ide, followed by the second element. Numerical prefixes are used to specify the number of atoms in a molecule.

The IUPAC defines a common name as one that clearly identifies a chemical but does not adhere to the current systematic naming convention. Acetone, which bears the scientific term, serves as an illustration of a common name. 2-propanone

A chemical is any substance whose composition is known. A chemical always consists of the same "substance," to put it another way. Water is one of the substances found in nature.

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3.74 moles of Na will be produced after the decomposition of Na₂O.

The decomposition reaction of Na2 is as follows:

2Na₂o → 4Na + o₂

Given, moles of Na₂o = 1.87

From stoichiometric coefficient 2 in Na₂o, after decomposition we get coefficient as 4 of Na. That means the yield of Na is double the reactant.

Hence, the moles of Na after decomposition= 2 x 1.87 = 3.74 moles

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The empirical formula for the compound if A denotes the cations and X denotes the anions is AX₂

It is given that the cations are denoted by Blue color and the anions with green color. There are 8 atoms in the corners and 6 in the face center. Then,

No of atoms in a total of all corners = 8 x 1/8

No of atoms in the corners = 1

No of atoms in the faces = 6 x 1/2

No of atoms in the faces = 3

Then,

Total no of cations atoms = total number of atoms in the corners + the total number of atoms in the faces

Total number of cations (A) = 1 + 3

Total number of cations (A) = 4

The total number of anions in the cell is 8 from the figures as they aren't shared with another lattice arrangement. Therefore,

Number of anions (X) = 8

Then the empirical formula would be A₄X₈ which could be written in the simplified form of AX₂.

Thus, the empirical formula is AX₂ for the arrangement.

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One grain of calcium carbonate, or 64.8 milligrams, is dissolved in one US gallon of water to represent one grain per gallon (gpg), a measure of water hardness (3.785412 L).

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Answer: The reaction with caesium is more vigourus.

The reaction with caesium produces different compund.

Explanation:

Cold water and cesium react to produce hydrogen gas and a mixture of cesium and hydroxide ions as byproducts.

Nuclear Fission include used in nuclear power plants and byproducts have long half-lives, Nuclear fusion includes occurs on the sun and needs very high temperatures, while Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion includes release lots of energy.

Nuclear fission is a physico chemical process caused when an atom divides into two smaller atoms, which released important amounts of energy and it is used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants.

Conversely, Nuclear fusion occurs when smaller atoms such as hydrogen fuse to form larger atoms, which is able to generate much more energy when compares to Nuclear fusion, and this process fuel energy in the sun.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that fission nuclear and fusion nuclear are very different processes in terms of the division of fusion of atoms and they release differential amounts of energy.

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A brittle white crystalline solid  reacts with when added to water is Quartz. It is a metamorphic solid.

Quartz is the most abundant silica mineral. Pure Quartz is colorless and transparent. It occurs in most igneous and practically all metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. It is used as a component of numerous industrial materials. Silicon (Si) has the atomic number 14 and is closely related to carbon. It is a relatively inert metalloid. Silicon is often used for microchips, glass, cement, and pottery. Silica is the most abundant mineral found in the crust of the earth. One of the most common uses of silica quarts is the manufacturer of glass. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. Its chemical name is SiO2.

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Answer:

C: B's identity changes, but not A's identity. The identity of an element is solely dependent on the number of protons. For example, 2 protons in an element would be Helium. But if you add or subtract protons you would get a different element like Hydrogen or Lithium. However, such a rule does not apply to electrons; adding or removing electrons would just change the charge of the element, but not the identity.

c is the correct choice

when 2.16g of h2 reacts with excess o2 by the following equation, 258kj of heat are released.  the change of enthalpy associated with the reaction of 1.00mol of hydrogen gas is -241 KJ

Molar mass of H2 = 2.016 g/mol,mass(H2)= 2.16 g

use:number of mol of H2,n = mass of H2/molar mass of H2=(2.16 g)/(2.016 g/mol) = 1.071 mol

For 1.071 mol of H2, heat released = 258 KJ So,

for 1 mol, heat released = 258/1.071 KJ = 241 KJ

Since this is heat released, sign will be negative

Answer: -241 KJ. The amount of energy progressed or subsumed in a reaction at constant pressure is referred to as enthalpy change. It is represented by the symbol ΔH, read as "delta H". It should be noted that the term "enthalpy change" only pertains to reactions performed at constant pressure. As a result, if a reaction emits more electricity than it absorbs, the reaction is exothermic, and the enthalpy is negative. Consider this as a quantity of heat departing (or being deducted from) the reaction.

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The epicardial fat pad . a. can be mistaken for a pericardial effusion b. appears heteroechoic and moves with the heart.

It is the posterior fat pad that is a sign that indicates a pathology when one looks at an x-ray. When a crescent fat is observed in the x-ray, it indicates there is an elbow joint effusion since normally the posterior fat cannot be seen from the x-ray.

In radiography, X-rays are used to view inner parts of the body for medical observation, analysis and to know the treatment procedure to adopt.

When a non visible posterior fat pad on a well-exposed, then it generally suggests a negative study for injury. This means that the features observed are unrelated to any type of injury. This eliminates option c.

Therefore, only option a and b are correct that the epicardial fat pad . a. can be mistaken for a pericardial effusion b. appears heteroechoic and moves with the heart.

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The potential energy between the nuclei is minimized and the orbital shells overlap.

We know that a covalent bond is the kind of bond that is formed when there is the combination of two atoms when there is the overlap of the orbitals of the two atoms. In the case of the hydrogen atoms, we can say that there is a bond as we notice that the two atomic orbitals have become overlapped on each other.

Let us note that when the two atoms are still far from each other, the potential energy between the atoms is high and as such the atoms of the element would tend to repel each other.

As the two atoms begin to approach each other, the repulsion between the nuclei of the elements is seen to become minimized and the bond is now seen to be formed as the atomic orbitals become overlapped.

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Answer: Kinetic Energy

Explanation:

Gravitational potential energy of each drop converts to kinetic energy when water drops into a reservoir.

The formal charge on phosphorus in a lewis structure for the phosphate ion that satisfies the octet rule is 0.

What is a Lewis structure?

All valence electrons are represented by Lewis structures, which are structural formulas for molecules and polyatomic ions. These structural formulas are commonly referred to as Lewis dot structures since valence electrons are frequently shown as dots.

Why is Lewis structure used?

Chemical bonds and atomic structures are examined and understood using Lewis structures. The type of bonds created between atoms using valence electrons or/and lone pairs, as well as the number of bonds an atom can or will form with other atoms, can all be determined using Lewis dot diagrams.

Formal charge= no. of valence electrons - no. of non bonding valence electrons- [tex]\frac{total no. of bonded electrons }{2}[/tex]    

Formal charge of P= 5-0-[tex]\frac{10}{2}[/tex] = 0

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The correct molecular formula for the compound magnesium chromate pentahydrate is as follows: MgCrO₄•5H₂O.

Molecular formula in chemistry is a notation indicating the number of atoms of each element present in a compound.

Chemical or molecular formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.

The chemical formula also reveals information about the types and number of atoms that make up a chemical compound or molecule.

For example; a chemical compound named magnesium chromate pentahydrate will have a chemical formula of MgCrO₄•5H₂O.

This tells us that the compound contains magnesium, chromium, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms.

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The reaction that can light the thermite is the combination of methane and oxygen. Option C

There is an ignition reaction when we burn a substance in another substance. Now, we know that an exothermic reaction refers to the kind of reaction hat is able to produce heat.

Since the exothermic reaction can be able to produce heat, this is the reaction that we can use to light the reaction between the magnesium and the oxygen so that we can be able to light the thermite.

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Sodium chloride is produced and used in the production of polyester, paper, rubber, glass, chlorine, household bleach, soaps, detergents, and dyes.

Chemically speaking, salt is a combination of chloride and sodium. Actually, the element that is most harmful to your health is sodium. (Therefore, the chloride is what gives food its "salty" flavor.).

To replace salt and water that have been lost from your body as a result of specific conditions, sodium chloride 23.4% injection is employed (eg, hyponatremia or low salt syndrome). Additionally, it is added to IV fluids that contain carbohydrates and parenteral nutrition total (TPN).

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States of matter:

Solids: have a definite shape and volume.

Gases: do not have a definite volume or shape.

Liquids: have a definite volume, but the shape may change.

What is states of matter?

States of matter refer to the physical behavior of matter based on its temperature and pressure. There are three main states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

There are also several other states of matter, such as plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate, that are observed under certain conditions, such as extremely high temperatures or pressures.

According to the problem:

Solids are characterized by their ability to maintain a fixed shape and volume. They are typically solid at room temperature and have a high degree of structural rigidity.

Gases, on the other hand, do not have a definite shape or volume. They are characterized by their ability to expand and fill any container they are placed in. Gases are typically in a gaseous state at room temperature and are highly compressible.

Liquids are intermediate between solids and gases. They have a definite volume, but the shape may change to conform to the shape of their container. Liquids are typically liquid at room temperature and are less compressible than gases, but more compressible than solids.

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Answer + Explanation:

During a car crash, kinetic energy is lost through various forms of deformation of the vehicle and the generation of heat.

When a car collides with another object, the force of the impact causes the vehicle's body and structure to deform. This deformation absorbs some of the kinetic energy and converts it into other forms of energy, such as heat and sound.

In addition, friction between the moving parts of the car and between the car and the road can also generate heat, which absorbs some of the kinetic energy.

The amount of kinetic energy lost during a car crash depends on the mass of the vehicle, the speed at which it was traveling, and the type and severity of the collision. In general, higher speeds and more severe collisions result in greater kinetic energy loss.

The apple farmer is able to obtain 8,034.6 oranges by trading 0.64 of his orchard.

A word problem is a mathematical exercise where significant background information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical notation

First, let's find the total number of apples produced by the orchard:

20 trees × 418 apples/tree = 8,360 apples

Now, let's find the number of apples that the apple farmer is able to trade: 8,360 apples × 0.64 = 5,350.4 apples

Since the apple farmer wants to trade 3 oranges for every 2 apples, he will be able to obtain:

3 oranges / 2 apples ×  5,350.4 apples = 8,025.6 oranges.

Therefore, the apple farmer is able to obtain 8,025.6 oranges by trading 0.64 of his orchard.

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An ion is an atom with an unbalanced ratio of protons to electrons. Atoms or molecules having associated net charges greater than zero are referred to as "ions."

a charged molecule or atom is referred to as an ion. It charges up or down depending on whether one or more electrons are gained or lost. Because of this, it can have a positive or negative charge. Consequently, an ion becomes charged when there is an imbalance between the proportion of positively charged protons to negatively charged electrons. Ions can be categorised into one of two major types. Cations and anions are what they are.A superscript with a plus sign and the number before the plus sign is applied to the chemical formula to represent the symbol for a cation.Anions are represented similarly to cations by the charge number followed by a negative sign.Another subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge is the proton. They are present in the atom's nucleus.

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