Answer:
A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation,[1] or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens.[2] Different types of media are used for growing different types of cells.[3]
The two major types of growth media are those used for cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals, and microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths and agar plates; specialized media are sometimes required for microorganism and cell culture growth.[1] Some organisms, termed fastidious organisms, require specialized environments due to complex nutritional requirements. Viruses, for example, are obligate intracellular parasites and require a growth medium containing living cells.
Why are G protein only found in Eukaryote cell ?
Answer:
they bind to protein-coupled transmembrane receptors with higher complexity than those found in prokaryotes
Explanation:
G-proteins are proteins found inside the cells that function as molecular switches which are activated by binding to guanosine triphosphate (GTP), while they are inactive by binding to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The G-proteins bind to G-protein-coupled transmembrane receptors (GPCRs) in the cytoplasmic region. The GPCRs are a very diverse group of proteins that are activated by extracellular molecules ranging from small peptides to large proteins, including pheromones, neurotransmitters, light-sensitive compounds, etc, thereby allowing them to respond to diverse stimuli from the extracellular environment. In consequence, it is reasonable to suppose that the signaling pathways in which G proteins are involved have a higher complexity level than those observed in primitive prokaryotic organisms.
Which of the following small GTPases are NOT involved in vesicle budding or docking? A. ARF B. Rab1 C. Ras D. Sar1p
Answer:
option c is correct that is Ras
Explanation:
What is the correct formula for population growth? A. D+B-I-E B. E+D-B-I C. B+I-D-E D. I+E-B-D
Answer:
C.) B+I-D-E
Explanation:
The correct formula for population growth is the individuals added to the population via birth or immigration, minus the individuals removed from the population via death or emmigration. Therefore the answer is (B+I)-(D+E), or B+I-D-E
The diagram represents a food pyramid. The concentration of the pesticide DDT in individual
organisms at level D is higher than the concentration in individuals at level A because DDT is
A. produced by organisms at level C ingested by
those in level D.
B. passed through levels A, B, and C to organisms
at level D.
C. excreted by organisms at level A as a toxic
waste.
D. synthesized by organisms at level D.
Answer:
B. passed through levels A, B, and C to organisms
Explanation:
DDT is an insecticide that passed through the food chain from one trophic level to the next.
The concentration of DDT increases with the each trophic level in food chain and the amount of toxin increases as passes from A to B, B to C, and C to D where D has the higher concentration of DDT as it is the higher trophic level than A, B, and C.
Hence, the correct answer is "B. passed through levels A, B, and C to organisms".
Which is NOT a function of magnesium in the body?
znutritio acting as a cofactor for enzyme systems in the Irody
regulating bone and mineral status
protecting teeth from acid-forming bacteria
making up one component in bone mineral
Answer: I think it is the third one which states, "Protecting teeth from acid-forming bacteria".
Explanation:
Which is/are possible genotypes for a person with straight little finger and brown eyes?
a. bbrr
b. bbRR
c. BbRr
d. bbRr
Answer:
The correct answer is b. bbRR.
Explanation:
Brown eyes color is dominant over blue eyes color. So, we can assign the letter R to the dominant allele that expresses brown eyes and r to the recessive allele that expresses the blue eyes. The phenotype bent little finger is dominant over the phenotype straight little finger. We can assign the letter B to the dominant allele, and b to the recessive allele.a. bbrr : This genotype belongs to a person with blue eyes and straight little finger
b. bbRR : This genotype belongs to a person with brown eyes and straight little finger
c. BbRr : This genotype belongs to a person with brown eyes and bent little finger
d. bbRr: This genotype belongs to a person with brown eyes and straight little finger.
While not an official step in the process, Acetyl CoA formation is a transition between glycolysis and krebs, and occurs only in the presence of oxygen.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
Acetyl coA is a compound which helps in the transport and availability of the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).
Though it is not an official step in the process, Acetyl CoA formation is a transition between glycolysis and krebs, and occurs only in the presence of oxygen.
The Acetyl group helps in the oxidation for energy production.
Vaccination is a process of injecting a dead or weakened form of a pathogen into the body. How does this help strengthen the immune system? It allows the body to increase its internal temperature. It allows the body to regulate the inflammatory response. It allows the body to keep pathogen information for future infections. It allows the body to increase its desire to eat healthy food.
Answer:
It allows the body to keep pathogen information for future infections.
Explanation:
Vaccination is the process whereby a substance called VACCINE is injected into body in order to prepare the immune system for resistance against infections. A vaccine contains the harmless or dead version of a pathogen called ANTIGEN, which functions to give the immune system defense mechanism against that form of pathogen in future.
The vaccine works by stimulating the immune system of the body to fight against the antigens in the same way it will fight against an actual pathogen in the future. Hence, the body keeps the information on how to combat such pathogens when there is an actual infection.
Answer
The answer is C edge 2020
Explanation:
Categorize each enzyme based on its specific function in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, or both pathways.a. Triose phosphate isomerase b. Glucose 6-phosphatase c. Hexokinase d. Fructose I ,6-bisphosphatase e. Phosphofructokinase f. Pyruvate kinase
Answer:
a. Triose phosphate isomerase glycolysis
b. Glucose 6-phosphatase gluconeogenesis
c. Hexokinase glycolysis & gluconeogenesis
d. Fructose I ,6-bisphosphatase gluconeogenesis
e. Phosphofructokinase glycolysis
f. Pyruvate kinase glycolysis
Explanation:
Triose phosphate isomerase is a protein that functions as an enzyme, and takes part in glycolysis, in the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Glucose 6-phosphatase is also a protein that works as an enzyme, it hydrolyzes glucose 6-phosphate given glucose free as a result. Hexokinase is a protein too, and is part of a wider group of enzymes. It forms hexose phosphate by phosphorylating hexoses (six-carbon sugars). Fructose I ,6-bisphosphatase is an enzyme too, and it tranforms fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into fructose 6-phosphate. Phosphofructokinase is an enzyme too, that works in changing a phosphoryl group from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP tp ATP and phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate.
A research team discovered that a novel hormone X stimulates an enzyme that hydrolyzes proteins in the small intestine. However, when hormone X was added to a test-tube mixture containing the enzyme and proteins, no breakdown occurred.
Required:
a. Why is this the case?
b. Name ONE signal transduction pathway that hormone X is using to transfuse its signal. (write all the steps and intermediates)
Answer:
a. It is a hormone that acts upstream in the signaling pathway (i.e., acting as a ligand by binding to cell receptors)
b. Dopamine-mediated pathways
Explanation:
It is well known that many cellular transduction pathways are activated via binding of signaling molecules (ligands) to receptors capable of triggering signaling cascades into the cell. For example, dopamine is a signaling hormone (neurotransmitter) involved in diverse brain processes (i.e., motor control, emotional response, etc). It is a neurotransmitter that binds to dopamine receptors and then stimulates the enzyme adenylate cyclase in a process that subsequently activates the production of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Finally, cAMP acts as an intracellular signal transductor that play roles in many biological processes by transferring into the cell the effects of dopamine.
A purebred tall pea plant is cross-pollinated with a tall, heterozygous pea plant. Use a Punnett square to determine the probability the offspring inherita
recessive short allele. (I point)
75%
25%
0%
50%
Answer:
The correct answer is - 25%
Explanation:
A cross between true tall pea plant and heterozygous tall pea plant is the cross of tall allele whic is TT and heterozygous which is Tt, so the gametes will be formed would be - T and T by true tall plant and T, and t allele by heterozygous plant.
The Punnett square of this cross is attached with the answer, where 2 heterozygous offspring and two tall offspring produced. In which there is only two recessive short allele formed in this generation out of 8 alleles.
So the probability of short allele would be:
= (2/8) *100
= (1/4) *100
= 25%
Circle
1
2
Circle the most reactive metal in each set.
1) Magnesium / Potassium
2) Aluminum / Gold
3) Cobalt / Cesium / Calcium
4) Iron / Titanium / Potassium
5) Francium / Lithium / Beryllium
لی
Answer:
Explanation:
1) potassium
2)Aluminium
3) Cesium
4) potassium
5) Beryllium
When a bacterium such as E. coli is shifted from a warmer growth temperature to a cooler growth temperature, it compensates by
Question is incomplete, The complete question is as follows:
When a bacterium such as E. coli is shifted from a warmer growth temperature to a cooler growth temperature, it compensates by:
A) increasing its metabolic rate to generate more heat.
B) putting longer-chain fatty acids into its membranes.
C) putting more unsaturated fatty acids into its membranes.
D) shifting from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
E) synthesizing thicker membranes to insulate the cell.
Answer:
C) putting more unsaturated fatty acids into its membranes.
Explanation:
Bacteria has the ability to change the composition of fatty acid present in its cell membrane to compensate the change in temperature.
When bacterium E.Coli will shift from hight or warmer temperature to low or cooler temperature, it will put more unsaturated fatty acids into its membranes which will mintain the fluidity in the membrane.
Hence, the correct option is "C".
Which medical conditions are associated with large amounts of fat and sugar in your diet? Select three options.
Answer:
gall bladder disease
hypertension
osteoarthritis
Answer:
diabetes
heart disease
obesity
Explanation:
Describe the structure of G protein ?
Answer:
G protein can refer to two distinct families of proteins.
Explanation:
heterotrimric G proteins are large in shape, G proteins are activated by G protein coupled receptors and are made up of alpha (a) beta(b) and gamma(y) subunits.
____ are thought to be present before vertabrates
Answer:
Jawless fish was present before vertebrates.
Explanation:
Jawless fish has some characteristics of vertebrates and also considered as the ancestor of vertebrates on earth which is similar in appearance with the hagfish. It was present about 500 to 600 million years ago. They consist of cranium but vertebral column is absent. but with the passage of time, evolution occurs and many animals which was the descendant of this jawless fish having vertebral column or backbone in their body.
Which two Neolithic activities came about because of climate change?
Answer:
1. Domesticating animals
2. Farming grains
Explanation:
Poeple started doing these without machines because of climate change.
What is it called when a bacterium uses a virus to transfer its DNA to another bacterium?
O A Transduction
х
B. Conjugation
O C. Transformation
O D. Transcription
X Incorrect
It isn’t A
it is transduction.
though it happens in prokaryotes
Answer:
Transduction.
Explanation:
A P E X
21. When looking at the effect of pH on sucrase activity, what was the wavelength of light
used in the spectrophotometer?
Answer:
540nm
Explanation:
Sucrase is one of the digestive enzymes responsible for the digestion of sucrose containing foods. Its major function is the catalysis of the hydrolysis of sucrose into its subunits; fructose and glucose.
Enzymes, as biochemical catalysts always function maximally at an optimum pH. As the pH of the system departs from the ideal pH for any enzyme, the activity of that enzyme decreases accordingly.
The activity of sucrose is studied using a spectrophotometer of wavelength about 540nm. As the pH of the solution departs from the specific ideal pH of sucrase, its activity decreases as stated above.
Name two structural characteristics that triglycerides and phospholipids have in common.
Answer:
They both have fatty acids.
Explanation:
which vary in number whereby triglycerides has three fatty acids while phospholipids have two fatty acids.
Answer:
Explanation:
which vary in number whereby triglycerides has three fatty acids while phospholipids have two fatty acids.
make sure to add
two fatty acids
glycerol
carboxyl group
atch the term with the correct cellular process or definition. - A molecule containing genetic information - RNA base that pairs with adenine - Carries amino acid to ribosomes - The site of protein synthesis - DNA base that pairs with adenine - Carries the genetic code to ribosomes A. mRNA B. DNA C. tRNA D. Thymine E. Uracil F. rRNA G. Ribosome
Answer:
A molecule containing genetic information - DNA
RNA base that pairs with adenine - Uracil
Carries amino acid to ribosomes - tRNA
The site of protein synthesis - Ribosome
DNA base that pairs with adenine - Thymine
Carries the genetic code to ribosomes - mRNA
Explanation:
DNA is the molecule that is responsible for conveying genetic information in living organisms. It is made up of deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and purine/pyrimidine bases. The purine bases consist of adenine and guanine while the pyrimidine bases include thymine and cytosine. As a matter of rule in the DNA, Adenine base always pairs with Thymine base while the Cytosine base always pairs with Guanine base.
RNA on the other hand is single-stranded unlike the double strands of DNA. It has all the nucleotide bases present in DNA except that the Thymine bases are usually replaced with Uracil.
There are three types of RNA:
the messenger RNA that is responsible for carrying genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for translation purpose, the transfer RNA responsible for carrying amino acids to ribosome during the translation process; and the ribosomal RNA which forms an integral part of the subunits of the ribosome itself.g UV radiation causes covalent dimerization of two subsequent ______ bases in DNA. This dimer is recognized and repaired by ______.
Answer: The options are not given.
Here are the options.
a. C and C ;;;; DNA photolyase
b. T and T ;;;;; DNA photolyase
c. C and C ;;;; DNA photoisomerase
d. T and T ;;;;; DNA photoisomerase
e. None of the above
Explanation:
UV light damages the DNA of cells that are exposed by making bonds to be formed between adjacent pyrimidine bases, usually thymines, in the DNA chains. The thymine dimers inhibit or hinder the DNA correct replication during reproduction of the cell.
UV radiation causes covalent dimerization of two subsequent T and T because Thymine bases of DNA directly absorbs a UVB photon . UVB light causes thymine base pairs close to each other in genetic sequences to bond together into pyrimidine dimers, thereby causing a disruption in the strand, which reproductive enzymes cannot copy.
UV-induced thymine dimers can be repaired by photoreactivation, in a process where energy from visible light is used to split the bonds forming the cyclobutane ring through the action of DNA photolyase, an enzyme that repaired damaged cause by uv radiation to dna.
Select the scenarios that describe an abiotic factor that is density independent. Select the TWO answers that are correct.
a. Fir trees grow in number, increasing the amount of food available for moose
b. Heavy and continuous rains flood the land, submerging habitats.
c. Lightning strikes a tree and begins a fire that clears the land.
d. Ticks infesting moose weaken the moose's health and reproductive success.
e. Frigid temperatures flow into the area, causing hypothermia and death.
Answer: Option B and C.
Heavy and continuous rains flood the land, submerging habitats.
c. Lightning strikes a tree and begins a fire that clears the land.
Explanation:
Heavy and continuous rains flood the land, submerging habitats.
Lightning strikes a tree and begins a fire that clears the land.
The above are example of density independent abiotic factors because rainfall and lightning affect the population size of the environment by decreasing it's population sizes.
Abiotic factors are the non living part of the environment and they include rain fail, temperature,lightning, humidity e.t.c.
Density independent abiotic factors are factors that decrease or increase the population size of the ecosystem.
Therefore, Heavy and continuous rains flood the land, submerging habitats.
cLightning strikes a tree and begins a fire that clears the land are density independent factor because they decrease the population size.
The scenarios that describe an abiotic factor that is density independent are ; ( B and C )
Heavy and continuous rains flood the land, submerging habitats ( B )Lightning strikes a tree and begins a fire that clears the land ( C )Abiotic factors are Nonliving components of an ecosystem that has a significant effect on the ecosystem such as ; Rain, rocks, Temperature and humidity. Density Independent factors are factors in an ecosystem that can cause the decrease or increase of the population size of an ecosystem.
Heavy and continuous rainfall is an abiotic factor that has the ability to decrease the population of an ecosystem by submerging organisms habitats.
Lightning striking a tree and setting it ablaze which clears the land also reduces the population of the ecosystem because the fire will lead to loss of habitats and death of some organisms .
Hence we can conclude that The scenarios that describe an abiotic factor that is density independent are Heavy and continuous rains flood the land, submerging habitats and Lightning strikes a tree and begins a fire that clears the land .
Learn more : https://brainly.com/question/19180443
In meiosis, each centromere has a spindle fiber attached only to one side. In mitosis, each centromere has a spindle attached to how many sides?
Answer:
In mitosis, each centromere has a spindle attached on both side of centromere
Explanation:
In mitosis, each centromere has a spindle attached on both side of centromere because Spindle fibers move chromosomes during cell division by attaching to chromosome arms and centromeres. A centromere is the specific region of a chromosome where replicates are linked together.
Spindle fibers are active in mitosis and also meiosis and they move throughout the cells and also direct chromosomes to move to where they need to move to.
Spindle fibers function in centromere in mitosis and meiosis by pulling homologous chromosomes apart after they might have been replicated to prepare for division.
The backbone vertebrae, skull, and rib cage make up the _______ skeleton. Among other types of cells, bone marrow produces _______ blood cells, which carry oxygen in the blood. _______ can eventually become osteocytes. If bones rapidly deconstruct faster than new bone tissue grows, this can lead to less dense and more fragile bones. When severe, this condition is called _______. _______ such as the MCL and ACL connect bone to other bone at joints.
ANSWERS :
1.axial
2. red
3. Osteoblasts
4. osteoporosis
5. Ligaments
6. Osteoblasts are cells that build bone tissue, and are called osteocytes when they become surrounded by the bone that they have built. Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue. The building and breaking down of bone tissue continues throughout a person’s lifetime and makes bones strong. If osteoclasts break down more bone than osteoblasts build, this can lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis, causing bones to be fragile and break more easily.
Answer:
1. axial
2. red
3. Osteoblasts
4. osteoporosis
5. Ligaments
Explanation:
The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate including skull, and rib cage.
Bone marrow produces red blood cells, which carry oxygen in the blood.
Osteoblasts can become osteocytes, which are the third type of bone cells.
Osteoporosis is a bone resorption disease in which bones rapidly deconstruct faster than new bone tissue grows, and decreases the mechanical strength of bones.
Ligaments connects one bone to other at joint such as medial collateral ligament (MCL) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) that joins knee.
Hence, the correct answer for the question is as follows:
1.axial
2. red
3. Osteoblasts
4. osteoporosis
5. Ligaments
Answer:
1. axial
2. red
3. Osteoblasts
4. osteoporosis
5. Ligaments
6. Osteoblasts are cells that build bone tissue, and are called osteocytes when they become surrounded by the bone that they have built. Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue. The building and breaking down of bone tissue continues throughout a person’s lifetime and makes bones strong. If osteoclasts break down more bone than osteoblasts build, this can lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis, causing bones to be fragile and break more easily.
Explanation:
Penn Foster
The field of inquiry that studies human culture and evolutionary aspects of human biology; includes cultural anthropology, archeaology, linguistics, and physical, or biological anthropology. __________
Answer:
physical, or biological anthropology.
Explanation:
When there is a need to study human kind through the X-ray of relationships between human biology, its cultural diversity, and evolution ,the aspect anthropology for this is Biological anthropology.
Therefore biological anthropology is concerned about how the interaction between the cultural diversity and biological process results in the adaptations of mankind to different environments.The influence of these on growth, behaviours, existence.
The primary focus of biological anthropologists is to study in details the concept of ,mechanism of variation, adaptation.and how these lead to evolution and origin of mankind.
Sequel to this ,most evidences for this concept are obtained from the study of fossil materials,study of other related primates to man, and components of functional biology and genetics.
Which is a characteristic of all waves?
Answer:
All kinds of waves have the same fundamental properties of reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference, and all waves have a wavelength, frequency, speed and amplitude. A wave can be described by its length, height (amplitude) and frequency. All waves can be thought of as a disturbance that transfers energy.
Explanation:
Answer: there's three characteristics
Explanation:
Three characteristics of waves can be measured: amplitude, wave-. length and frequency.
What are the similarities and differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Saprobic microorganisms are important decomposers of plant litter, animal matter, and dead microbes. This is an example of a(n) ______________.
Answer:
The correct answer would be - heterotrophs (chemoheterotrophs)
Explanation:
Heterotrophs are the living organisms that are directly or indirectly depend on the autotrophs or the organisms that can make their own food for energy and growth.
Saprobic microorganism are free living organisms that get their energy from decomposing rotten or dead organic matter such as plant litter, animal matter and dead microbes. It is performed with the help of enzymes or chemicals they release to decompose such matter. they also known as chemoheterotrophs.
Thus, the correct answer would be - heterotrophs (chemoheterotrophs).
What part of the brain is known as the pleasure center?
A. Brain stem
B. Hypothalamus
C. Thalamus
D. Midbrain
SUBMIT
Answer:
B. Hypothalamus
Explanation:
The hypothalamus contains the pleasure center of the brain, the nucleus accumbens. The hormone dopamine is released from this part of the brain in response to or anticipation of pleasurable activities such as eating good food, monetary rewards as well as when taking psychoactive drugs.
The release of dopamine affects other feelings such as happiness, focus, being alert as well as staying motivated. it also affect some voluntary actions as well.
Constantly seeking out activities that stimulate dopamine release may lead to addiction to such activities as in drug addiction.
