Answer:
a) An ARRAY ( 3 )
B) relatively INSENSITIVE ( 7 )
c) a HYBRID ( 4 )
Explanation:
They both used an array based implementation in the standard form and are both relatively insensitive to the order of the data. The main similarity is that each one creates an environment in which a hybrid strategy works more efficiently.
Quadratic selection sort is the sorting system that sorts out the smallest value in an entire list and arrange the list in such a way that the smallest value comes first.
For this lab, imagine you are an IT Specialist at a medium-sized company. The Human Resources Department at your company wants you to find out how many people are in each department. You need to write a Python script that reads a CSV file containing a list of the employees in the organization, counts how many people are in each department, and then generates a report using this information. The output of this script will be a plain text file.
Answer:
import csv
import sys
file_csv = argv
with open( "file_csv", "rb" ) as file:
rowlist= csv.DictReader( file )
dict_count={ }
for row in rowlist:
dict_count[ row[ 'department' ] ] = dict_count.get( row[ 'department' ], 0 ) + 1
print( " The count of employees per department are", dict_count )
Explanation:
The python script in the solution above is able to accept user input csv files via command prompt and get an output of the number of employees for each department.
Give five types of hardware resource and five types of data or software resource that can usefully be shared. Give examples of their sharing as it occurs in practice in distributed systems.
Answer:
Answered below
Explanation:
Hardware resources that can be usefully shared and also examples of their sharing include;
A) CPU servers, which carry out computations for clients.
B) Network capacity transmission of data or packet transmission is done using the same circuit, meaning many communication channels share the same circuit.
C) Screen networks windows systems which enable processes in remote computers to update the contents of their local server.
D) Memory cache server.
E) Disk file server, virtual disk server.
Softwares include;
A) Web-page web servers which allow client programs to have read-only access to page contents.
B) Database whose contents can be usefully shared.
C) File servers enable multiple users access to files .
D) Objects can be shared in distributed systems example shared ticket booking, whiteboard etc.
E) Exclusive lock which enables the coordination of accessing a special resource.
Cloud computing gives you the ability to expand and reduce resources according to your specific service requirement.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
a. True
Explanation:
Cloud computing can be defined as a type of computing that requires shared computing resources such as cloud storage (data storage), servers, computer power, and software over the internet rather than local servers and hard drives.
Generally, cloud computing offers individuals and businesses a fast, effective and efficient way of providing services.
In Computer science, one of the most essential characteristics or advantages of cloud computing is rapid elasticity.
By rapid elasticity, it simply means that cloud computing gives you the ability to expand and reduce resources according to your specific service requirement because resources such as servers can be used to execute a particular task and after completion, these resources can then be released or reduced.
Some of the examples of cloud computing are Google Slides, Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive etc.
1a) Skills are increasingly the key variable of the entire process of access and information inequality in the information society. Discuss the 21st century competencies or skills required in the information society and four ways (4) you can apply it during Supported Teaching on Schools.
Answer:
Explanation:
Skill acquisition improves quality, competence and competitiveness of an individual, It boost the chances of success and ability to make an impact. Access to information plays a verybhuge role in the society as it enables hearers to get updated while those who aren't informed are left behind. Some of the key competences or skills required in the information society include:
Critical thinking : Problem identification and ways to solve them.
Information sourcing and gathering : knowing where to get vital informations and facts
Effective communication, creativity, leadership, social, media and technological skills and so on.
The skills could be can be applied on schools in the form of :
Creating clubs such as the writing and debate clubs where students are given a research topic to write and present, this improves their research ability and communication skill.
Group project or assignment improves collaboration between members.
Assignments or projects requiring technology : Students may be given problems to solve with the use of computers moutwr programs and technology, this will help mad improve productivity.
Reward for innovation: Students should be paused mad encouraged for being creative, this will improve such individual and push others as well.
b. Does “refactoring” mean that you modify the entire design iteratively? If not, what does it mean?
Explanation:
Refactoring consists of improving the internal structure of an existing program's source code, while preserving its external behavior.
A direct-mapped cache holds 64KB of useful data (not including tag or control bits). Assuming that the block size is 32-byte and the address is 32-bit, find the number of bits needed for tag, index, and byte select fields of the address.
Answer:
A) Number of bits for byte = 6 bits
B) number of bits for index = 17 bits
C) number of bits for tag = 15 bits
Explanation:
Given data :
cache size = 64 kB
block size = 32 -byte
block address = 32 -bit
number of blocks in cache memory
cache size / block size = 64 kb / 32 b = 2^11 hence the number of blocks in cache memory = 11 bits = block offset
A) Number of bits for byte
[tex]log _{2} (6)^2[/tex] = 6 bits
B) number of bits for index
block offset + byte number
= 11 + 6 = 17 bits
c ) number of bits for tag
= 32 - number of bits for index
= 32 - 17 = 15 bits
Create a class named CarRental that contains fields that hold a renter's name, zip code, size of the car rented, daily rental fee, length of rental in days, and total rental fee. The class contains a constructor that requires all the rental data except the daily rate and total fee, which are calculated bades on the sice of the car; economy at $29.99 per day, midsize at 38.99$ per day, or full size at 43.50 per day. The class also includes a display() method that displays all the rental data. Create a subclass named LuxuryCarRental. This class sets the rental fee at $79.99 per day and prompts the user to respond to the option of including a chauffer at $200 more per day. Override the parent class display() method to include chauffer fee information. Write an application named UseCarRental that prompts the user for the data needed for a rental and creates an object of the correct type. Display the total rental fee. Save the files as CarRental.java, LuxaryCarRental.java, and UseCarRental.java.
Here is my code:
package CarRental;
public class CarRental
{
String name;
int zipcode;
String size;
double dFee;
int days;
double total;
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public int getZipcode()
{
return zipcode;
}
public String getSize()
{
return size;
}
public int getDays()
{
return days;
}
public CarRental(String size)
{
if(size.charAt(0)=='m')
dFee = 38.99;
else
if(size.charAt(0)=='f')
dFee = 43.50;
else
dFee = 29.99;
}
public void calculateTotal(int days)
{
total = dFee*days;
}
public void print()
{
System.out.println("Your rental total cost is: $" + total);
}
}
package CarRental;
import java.util.*;
public class LuxaryCarRental extends CarRental
{
public LuxaryCarRental(String size, int days)
{
super(size);
}
public void CalculateTotalN()
{
super.calculateTotal(days);
dFee = 79.99;
int chauffer;
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Do you want to add a chauffer for $200? Enter 0 for"
+ " yes and 1 for no");
chauffer = keyboard.nextInt();
if(chauffer!=1)
total = dFee;
else
total = dFee + 100;
}
}
package CarRental;
import java.util.*;
public class UseCarRental
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String name, size;
int zipcode, days;
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter total days you plan on renting: ");
days = keyboard.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter your name: ");
name = keyboard.next();
System.out.println("Enter your billing zipcode: ");
zipcode = keyboard.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter the size of the car: ");
size = keyboard.next();
CarRental economy = new CarRental(size);
economy.calculateTotal(days);
economy.print();
LuxaryCarRental fullsize = new LuxaryCarRental(size, days);
fullsize.CalculateTotalN();
fullsize.print();
}
Answer:
Here is the corrected code: The screenshot of the program along with its output is attached. The comments are written with each line of the program for better understanding of the code.
CarRental.java
public class CarRental { //class name
//below are the data members name, zipcode, size, dFee, days and total
String name;
int zipcode;
String size;
double dFee;
int days;
double total;
public String getName() { //accessor method to get the name
return name; }
public int getZipcode() { //accessor method to get the zipcode
return zipcode; }
public String getSize() { //accessor method to get the size
return size; }
public int getDays() { //accessor method to get the days
return days; }
public CarRental(String size) { //constructor of CarRental class
if(size.charAt(0)=='e') // checks if the first element (at 0th index) of size data member is e
dFee = 29.99; // sets the dFee to 29.99
else if(size.charAt(0)=='m') // checks if the first element (at 0th index) of size data member is m
dFee = 38.99; // sets the dFee to 38.99
else // checks if the first element (at 0th index) of size data member is f
dFee =43.50; // sets the dFee to 43.50
}
public void calculateTotal(int days) { //method calculateTotal of CarRental
total = dFee*days; } //computes the rental fee
public void print() { //method to display the total rental fee
System.out.println("Your rental total cost is: $" + total); } }
Explanation:
LuxuryCarRental.java
import java.util.*;
public class LuxuryCarRental extends CarRental { //class LuxuryCarRental that is derived from class CarRental
public LuxuryCarRental(String size, int days) { // constructor of LuxuryCarRental
super(size);} //used when a LuxuryCarRental class and CarRental class has same data members i.e. size
public void calculateTotal() { //overridden method
super.calculateTotal(days); // used because CarRental and LuxuryCarRental class have same named method i.e. calculateTotal
dFee = 79.99; //sets the rental fee at $79.99 per day
total = dFee; } //sets total to rental fee value
public void print(){ //overridden method
int chauffeur; // to decide to include chauffeur
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); //used to take input from user
System.out.println("Do you want to add a chauffeur for $200? Enter 0 for"
+ " yes and 1 for no"); // prompts the user to respond to the option of including a chauffeur at $200 more per day
chauffeur = keyboard.nextInt(); //reads the input option of chauffeur from user
if(chauffeur==1) //if user enters 1 which means user does not want to add a chauffeur
total = dFee; //then set the value of dFee i.e. $79.99 to total
else //if user enters 0 which means user wants to add a chauffeur
total = dFee + 200; //adds 200 to dFee value and assign the resultant value to total variable
System.out.println("Your rental total cost is: $" + total); } } //display the total rental fee
UseCarRental.java
import java.util.*;
public class UseCarRental{ //class name
public static void main(String[] args){ //start of main() function body
String name, size; // declare variables
int zipcode, days; //declare variables
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); // to take input from user
System.out.println("Enter total days you plan on renting: "); //prompts user to enter total days of rent
days = keyboard.nextInt(); // reads value of days from user
System.out.println("Enter your name: "); //prompts user to enter name
name = keyboard.next(); //reads input name from user
System.out.println("Enter your billing zipcode: "); // prompts user to enter zipcode
zipcode = keyboard.nextInt(); //reads input zipcode from user
System.out.println("Enter the size of the car: "); // prompts user to enter the value of size
size = keyboard.next(); //reads input size from user
CarRental economy = new CarRental(size); //creates an object i.e. economy of class CarRental
economy.calculateTotal(days); //calls calculateTotal method of CarRental using instance economy
economy.print(); //calls print() method of CarRental using instance economy
LuxuryCarRental fullsize = new LuxuryCarRental(size, days); //creates an object i.e. fullsize of class LuxuryCarRental
fullsize.calculateTotal(); //calls calculateTotal method of LuxuryCarRental using instance fullsize
fullsize.print(); }} //calls print() method of LuxuryCarRental using instance fullsize
Why MUST you request your DSO signed I-20 ship as soon as it is ready and who is responsible to request the I-20
Why MUST you request your DSO signed I-20 ship as soon as it is ready and who is responsible to request the I-20?
a. It is required you have an endorsed/signed I-20 when Customs and Border Patrol or police ask for it
b. We only keep an unsigned digital copy and cannot sign an I-20 after the fact
c. It is against U.S. regulations to send digital (signed or not) DS-2019s and must treat I-20s the same
d. You will need all signed original I-20s to make copies to apply for OPT, STEM and H-1B in the future, so get them now!
e. It is the student’s choice to request each term, however, we cannot go back retroactively to provide past copies
f. We can only provide a signed copy of current I-20 and if changes occur from previous semesters that information will not show
g. The original endorsed I-20 signed by a DSO will be destroyed after 30 days of issuance if not picked up, and it cannot be replicated
h. The cost to have I-20 shipped may go up at any time
i. All the above
Answer:
i. All the above
Explanation:
DSO means designated school officials and they have to do with Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-certified schools where students have to get a Form I-20, “Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status which provides information about the student's F or M status.
What a student must request for from his DSO signed I-20 ship are all the above options.
(Process scores in a text file) Suppose that a text file contains an unspecified number of scores. Write a program that reads the scores from the file and displays their total and average. Scores are separated by blanks. Your program should prompt the user to enter a filename. Here is a sample run:
Answer:
Here is the Python program:
def scores(file): # method scores that takes a file name as parameter and returns the sum and average of scores in a file
with open(file, 'r') as infile: # open the file in read mode
lines = [score.split() for score in infile] # split the scores into a list
print("The scores are:",lines) #print the scores
for line in lines: # loops through each score
total= sum(int(score) for score in line) # adds the scores
average =total/len(line) # computes average by taking sum of scores and dividing by number of scores in file
print("The sum is:", total) #prints the sum of scores
print("The average is:", "{:.2f}".format(average)) #prints the average
filename = input("Enter name of the file: ") #prompts user to enter name of file
scores(filename) #calls scores method by passing the file name to it in order to compute sum and average of file contents i.e. scores
Explanation:
It is assumed that the scores in the file are separated by a blank space.
The scores() method takes a file name as parameter. Then it opens that input file in read mode using object infile.
split() method is used to split the scores in a file into a list. Suppose the scores are 1 2 3 4 5 6 . So after the split, they become ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6']
The loop iterates through each score in the file, splits them into a list and stores this list in lines. The next print statement prints these scores in a list.
The second loop for line in lines iterates through each score of the list and the statements: total= sum(int(score) for score in line) and average =total/len(line) computes the total and average of scores.
total= sum(int(score) for score in line) statement works as follows:
for loop iterates through each element of list i.e. each score
int() converts that string element into integer.
sum() method adds the integers to compute their total.
So if we have ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6'] each element i.e. 1,2,3,4,5,6 is converted to integer by int() and then added together by sum method. So this becomes 1+2+3+4+5+6 = 21. This result is stored in total. Hence
total = 21.
average = total/len(line) works as follows:
The computed sum of scores stored in total is divided by the number of scores. The number of scores is computed by using len() method which returns the length of the line list. So len() returns 6. Hence
average = total/len(line)
= 21 / 6
average = 3.5
The next two print statement prints the value of sum and average and "{:.2f}".format(average)) prints the value of average up to 2 decimal places.
The screenshot of the program along with its output is attached.
Explain data hazard and structural hazard. Then, explain how we can prevent each type of hazard. Provide two examples to support your explanations
Answer:
Answered below
Explanation:
Data hazards happen when instructions exhibiting data dependence modify data in the different stages of a pipeline. Potential data hazards when not attended to, can result in race hazards or race conditions. Examples of situations where data hazards can occur is read after write, write after read, write after write. To resolve data hazards we can insert a pipeline whenever a read after write, dependence is encountered, use out-of-order execution or use operand forwarding.
Structural hazards happen when multiple instructions which are already in pipeline new the same resource. Example is a situation which many instructions are ready to execute an there is a single Arithmetic Logic Unit. Methods for preventing this hazard include pipeline break an pipeline flushing.
In using cloud infrastructures, the client necessarily cedes control to the CP on a number of issues that may affect security
a. True
b. False
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
The correct option is A. True.
Actually, in using cloud infrastructures, the client necessarily cedes control to the CP on a number of issues which may affect security. It may have to restrict port scans and even penetration testing. Moreover, the service level agreements may not actually guarantee commitment to offer such services on the part of the CP. This may result in leaving a gap in security defenses.
Also, when the control of the CP changes, it's evident that the terms and conditions of their services may also change which may affect security.
When you start your computer then which component works first?
Access controls are enforced automatically in FMS service routines that access and manipulate files and directories.
a True
b. False
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
In FMS service routines, access controls are enforced automatically
and they that access and manipulate files and directories. Files and directories are usually accessed via access controls in most of the FMSs.
Additional processing overhead are usually imposed by FMS. Also, the FMS tend to restrict and hinder one from accessing secondary storage.
A machine on a 10 Mbps network is regulated by a token bucket algorithm with a fill rate of 3 Mbps. The bucket is initially filled to capacity at 3MB. How long can the machine transmit at the full 10 Mbps capacity
A ………….. is a basic memory element in digital circuits and can be used to store 1 bit of information.
Answer:
A memory cellExplanation: Research has proven that ;
The memory cell is also known as the fundamental building block of computer memory.
It stores one bit of binary information and it must be set to store a logic 1 (high voltage level) and reset to store a logic 0 (low voltage level).
What are the constraints for designing small and large files and how these are resolved in different file system
Answer:
space management and buffering speed.
Explanation:
There are different types of file management systems in a computer system, examples of which are NTFS, FAT, WAFL, etc, and are governed by protocols like NFS, TFTP, FTP, etc.
These file systems are used in storages like the hard disk drive, CD and DVD, solid-state drive, etc, to organize or manage the files from boot setup, device drivers to permission-seasoned user files.
Files in storage range from small to large files, for which the schema of the file system must adjust to manage and allocate free space to other files in the future. The file system is also able to index the location of a file for retrieval to a cache memory, making buffering faster.
Declare a struct named PatientData that contains two integer data members named heightInches and weightPounds. Sample output for the given program:Patient data: 63 in, 115 lbs#include using namespace std;/* Your solution goes here */int main() {PatientData lunaLovegood;lunaLovegood.heightInches = 63;lunaLovegood.weightPounds = 115;cout << "Patient data: "<< lunaLovegood.heightInches << " in, "<< lunaLovegood.weightPounds << " lbs" << endl;return 0;}
Answer:
struct PatientData{
int heightInches, weightPounds;
};
Explanation:
In order to declare the required struct in the question, you need to type the keyword struct, then the name of the struct - PatientData, opening curly brace, data members - int heightInches, weightPounds;, closing curly brace and a semicolon at the end.
Note that since the object - lunaLovegood, is declared in the main function, we do not need to declare it in the struct. However, if it was not declared in the main, then we would need to write lunaLovegood between the closing curly brace and the semicolon.
what is programming code
Answer:
Such languages are used to create computer code or program code, the set of instructions forming a computer program which is executed by the computer. This source code is translated into machine code by a compiler or interpreter, so that the computer can execute it to perform its tasks.
Answer:
Writing code,” “coding,” and “programming” are basically interchangeable terms. Broadly speaking, knowing how to write code is the process of creating instructions that tell a computer what to do, and how to do it. Codes are written in various languages, such as javascript, C#, Python, and much more.
hlo samradhiki can we chat in comment section
Consider the following Stack operations:
push(d), push(h), pop(), push(f), push(s), pop(), pop(), push(m).
Assume the stack is initially empty, what is the sequence of popped values, and what is the final state of the stack? (Identify which end is the top of the stack.)
Answer:
Sequence of popped values: h,s,f.
State of stack (from top to bottom): m, d
Explanation:
Assuming that stack is initially empty. Suppose that p contains the popped values. The state of the stack is where the top and bottom are pointing to in the stack. The top of the stack is that end of the stack where the new value is entered and existing values is removed. The sequence works as following:
push(d) -> enters d to the Stack
Stack:
d ->top
push(h) -> enters h to the Stack
Stack:
h ->top
d ->bottom
pop() -> removes h from the Stack:
Stack:
d ->top
p: Suppose p contains popped values so first popped value entered to p is h
p = h
push(f) -> enters f to the Stack
Stack:
f ->top
d ->bottom
push(s) -> enters s to the Stack
Stack:
s ->top
f
d ->bottom
pop() -> removes s from the Stack:
Stack:
f ->top
d -> bottom
p = h, s
pop() -> removes f from the Stack:
Stack:
d ->top
p = h, s, f
push(m) -> enters m to the Stack:
Stack:
m ->top
d ->bottom
So looking at p the sequence of popped values is:
h, s, f
the final state of the stack:
m, d
end that is the top of the stack:
m
what are the morals and ethics of computer
Answer:
Computer ethics is a part of practical philosophy concerned with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct. Margaret Anne Pierce, a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Computers at Georgia Southern University has categorized the ethical decisions related to computer technology and usage into three primary influences:
The individual's own personal code.
Any informal code of ethical conduct that exists in the work place.
Exposure to formal codes of ethics.
Explanation:
#Write a function called fancy_find. fancy_find should have #two parameters: search_within and search_for. # #fancy_find should check if search_for is found within the #string search_within. If it is, it should print the message #"[search_for] found at index [index]!", with [search_for] #and [index] replaced by the value of search_for and the #index at which it is found. If search_for is not found #within search_within, it should print, "[search_for] was #not found within [search_within]!", again with the values #of search_for and search_within. # #For example: # # fancy_find("ABCDEF", "DEF") -> "DEF found at index 3!" # fancy_find("ABCDEF", "GHI") -> "GHI was not found within ABCDEF!"
Answer:
Here is the Python program:
def fancy_find(search_within , search_for): # function definition of fancy_find function that takes two parameters
index = 0 #to store the index of search_within where the search_for string is found
if search_for in search_within: #checks if the string search_for is present in string search_within
sf = search_for[0] #points to the first character of the search_for
for sw in search_within: #iterates through search_within
if sw == sf: #if the first character of search_for is equal to the character at sw index of search_within
if search_within[index:index+len(search_for)] == search_for: #checks if the value of search_for is found in search_within
print(search_for,"found at index",index,"!") #if above condition is true prints the message "[search_for] found at index [index]!", with [search_for] and [index] replaced by the value of search_for and the index at which it is found
return ""
index += 1 #increments value of index at each iteration
print(search_for,"is not found within", search_within) #if search_for is not found within search_within, prints message "[search_for] was not found within [search_within]!" with the values of search_for and search_within.
return ""
#following two statements are used to test the working of above function
print(fancy_find("ABCDEF", "DEF")) #calls fancy_find() passing "ABCDEF" as search_within and "DEF" as search_for
print(fancy_find("ABCDEF", "GHI")) #calls fancy_find() passing "ABCDEF" as search_within and "GHI" as search_for
Explanation:
The program is well explained in the comments. I will explain the working of the function with the help of an example:
Suppose
search_within = "ABCDEF"
search_for = "DEF"
We have to find if search_for i.e. DEF is present in search_within i.e. ABCDEF
if search_for in search_within statement checks using in operator that if DEF is included in ABCDEF. Here this condition evaluates to true so the next statement sf = search_for[0] executes which sets the first element of search_for i.e. D to sf. So sf = 'D'
for sw in search_within this statement has a for loop that iterates through ABCDEF and works as following:
At first iteration:
sw contains the first character of search_within i.e. A
if sw == sf: condition checks if the first character of the search_for i.e. D is equal to sw i.e. A. Its not true so the program control moves to this statement:
index += 1 This increases the value of index by 1. index was initialized to 0 so now it becomes 1. Hence index=1
At second iteration:
sw contains the second character of search_within i.e. B
if sw == sf: condition checks if the first character of the search_for i.e. D is equal to sw i.e. B Its not true so the program control moves to this statement:
index += 1 This increases the value of index by 1. index was initialized to 0 so now it becomes 2. Hence index=2
At third iteration:
sw contains the third character of search_within i.e. C
if sw == sf: condition checks if the first character of the search_for i.e. D is equal to sw i.e. C Its not true so the program control moves to this statement:
index += 1 This increases the value of index by 1. index was initialized to 0 so now it becomes 3. Hence index=3
At fourth iteration:
sw contains the third character of search_within i.e. D
if sw == sf: condition checks if the first character of the search_for i.e. D is equal to sw i.e. D. Its true so so the program control moves to this statement:
if search_within[index:index+len(search_for)] == search_for:
current value of index=3
len(search_for) returns the length of DEF i.e. 3
So the if condition checks for the search_for in search_within. The statement becomes:
if search_within[3:3+3] == search_for:
search_within[3:3+3] means from 3rd index position of search_within to 6-th index position of the search_within. This means from 4th element of search_within i.e. D to the last. Hence search_within[3:3+3] is equal to DEF.
search_for = DEF so
if search_within[3:3+3] == search_for: checks if
search_within[3:3+3] = DEF is equals to search_for = DEF
Yes it is true so
print(search_for,"found at index",index,"!") statement is executef which prints the following message:
DEF found at index 3!
This output is because search_for = "DEF" and index=3
Which of the factors below is NOT a cause of online disinhibition?
O Anonymity
O Lack of nonverbal cues
Lack of tone of voice
Smartphones
Answer:
Lack of tone of voice
Explanation:
Remember, online disinhibition refers to the tendency of people to feel open in communication via the internet than on face to face conversations.
A lack of tone voice isn't categorized as a direct cause of online disinhibition because an individual can actually express himself using his tone of voice online. However, online disinhibition is caused by people's desire to be anonymous; their use of smartphones, and a lack of nonverbal cues.
In what way does a hash provide a better message integrity check than a checksum (such as the Internet checksum)?
Answer:
Hash function have less collision than a internet checksum because of computational infeasibility.
Explanation:
A collision means there is more then one way to produce the same sum. It is nearly difficult to developed two messages with same hash however, in checksum, it is more easier to develop or modify two messages to have same sum, thereby enabling attackers to have access to the message or the information arising to less message integrity.
The first electric, general-purpose computer, ENIAC, was programmed by calculating algorithms on paper entering code directly into the computer flipping switches by hand using MS-DOS as the operating system
Complete Question:
The first electric, general-purpose computer, ENIAC, was programmed by?
Group of answer choices.
A. Calculating algorithms on paper.
B. Entering code directly into the computer.
C. Flipping switches by hand.
D. Using MS-DOS as the operating system.
Answer:
C. Flipping switches by hand.
Explanation:
The first electric, general-purpose computer, ENIAC, was programmed by flipping switches by hand.
ENIAC is an acronym for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, it was developed in 1945 by John Mauchly and J. Presber Eckert. ENIAC was used for solving numerical problems or calculation-related tasks by the process of reprogramming.
In order to give the ENIAC a series of machine instructions to follow in the execution of a task, the programmers had to undergo the cumbersome procedure of connecting, removing, reconnecting cables and flipping switches by hand because data couldn't be stored in memory.
Consider the following calling sequences and assuming that dynamic scoping is used, what variables are visible during execution of the last function called? Include with each visible variable the name of the function in which it was defined.a. Main calls fun1; fun1 calls fun2; fun2 calls fun3b. Main calls fun1; fun1 calls fun3c. Main calls fun2; fun2 calls fun3; fun3 calls fun1d. Main calls fun3; fun3 calls fun1e. Main calls fun1; fun1 calls fun3; fun3 calls fun2f. Main calls fun3; fun3 calls fun2; fun2 calls fun1void fun1(void);void fun2(void);void fun3(void);void main() {Int a,b,c;…}void fun1(void){Int b,c,d;…}void fun2(void){Int c,d,e;…}void fun3(void){Int d,e,f;…}
Answer:
In dynamic scoping the current block is searched by the compiler and then all calling functions consecutively e.g. if a function a() calls a separately defined function b() then b() does have access to the local variables of a(). The visible variables with the name of the function in which it was defined are given below.
Explanation:
In main() function three integer type variables are declared: a,b,c
In fun1() three int type variables are declared/defined: b,c,d
In fun2() three int type variables are declared/defined: c,d,e
In fun3() three int type variables are declared/defined: d,e,f
a. Main calls fun1; fun1 calls fun2; fun2 calls fun3
Here the main() calls fun1() which calls fun2() and fun2() calls func3() . This means first the func3() executes, then fun2(), then fun1() and last main()
Visible Variable: d, e, f Defined in: fun3
Visible Variable: c Defined in: fun2 (the variables d and e of fun2
are not visible)
Visible Variable: b Defined in: fun1 ( c and d of func1 are hidden)
Visible Variable: a Defined in: main (b,c are hidden)
b. Main calls fun1; fun1 calls fun3
Here the main() calls fun1, fun1 calls fun3. This means the body of fun3 executes first, then of fun1 and then in last, of main()
Visible Variable: d, e, f Defined in: fun3
Visible Variable: b, c Defined in: fun1 (d not visible)
Visible Variable: a Defined in: main ( b and c not visible)
c. Main calls fun2; fun2 calls fun3; fun3 calls fun1
Here the main() calls fun2, fun2 calls fun3 and fun3 calls fun1. This means the body of fun1 executes first, then of fun3, then fun2 and in last, of main()
Visible Variable: b, c, d Defined in: fun1
Visible Variable: e, f Defined in: fun3 ( d not visible)
Visible Variable: a Defined in: main ( b and c not visible)
Here variables c, d and e of fun2 are not visible
d. Main calls fun3; fun3 calls fun1
Here the main() calls fun3, fun3 calls fun1. This means the body of fun1 executes first, then of fun3 and then in last, of main()
Visible Variable: b, c, d Defined in: fun1
Visible Variable: e, f Defined in: fun3 ( d not visible )
Visible Variable: a Defined in: main (b and c not visible)
e. Main calls fun1; fun1 calls fun3; fun3 calls fun2
Here the main() calls fun1, fun1 calls fun3 and fun3 calls fun2. This means the body of fun2 executes first, then of fun3, then of fun1 and then in last, of main()
Visible Variable: c, d, e Defined in: fun2
Visible Variable: f Defined in: fun3 ( d and e not visible)
Visible Variable: b Defined in: fun1 ( c and d not visible)
Visible Variable: a Defined in: main ( b and c not visible)
f. Main calls fun3; fun3 calls fun2; fun2 calls fun1
Here the main() calls fun3, fun3 calls fun2 and fun2 calls fun1. This means the body of fun1 executes first, then of fun2, then of fun3 and then in last, of main()
Visible Variable: b, c, d Defined in: fun1
Visible Variable: e Defined in: fun2
Visible Variable: f Defined in: fun3
Visible Variable: a Defined in: main
The Adjacent Coins Problem Published on 2017-08-30 Consider N coins aligned in a row. Each coin is showing either heads or tails. The adjacency of these coins is the number of adjacent pairs of coins with the same side facing up. Write a program that given a non-empty zero-indexed array A consisting of N integers representing the coins, returns the maximum possible adjacency that can be obtained by reversing exactly one coin (that is, one of the coins must be reversed). Consecutive elements of array A represent consecutive coins in the row. Array A contains only 0s and/or 1s:
Answer:
Here is the JAVA code:
public class Main{
public static int solution(int[] A) { //method that takes non-empty array A consisting of 0s and 1s
int N = A.length; // number of 0s and 1s in array A
int r = 0; //result of adjacency
for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++; ) { // iterates through A
if (A[i] == A[i + 1]) //if i-th element of A is equal to (i+1)th element
r = r + 1; } //add 1 to the count of r
if (r == N-1) //for test cases like {1,1}
{return r-1; }
int max = 0; //to store maximum possible adjacency
for (int i = 0; i <N; i++) { //iterates through array
int c = 0;
if (i > 0) { //starts from 1 and covering the last
if (A[i-1] != A[i]) //checks if i-1 element of A is not equal to ith element of A
c = c + 1; //adds 1 to counter variable
else
c = c - 1; } //decrements c by 1
if (i < N - 1) {//starting with 0
if (A[i] != A[i + 1]) //checks if ith element of A is not equal to i+1th element of A
c = c + 1; //adds 1 to counter variable
else
c = c - 1; } //decrements c by 1
max = Math.max(max,c); } //finds the maximum of max and c
return r + max; } //returns result + maximum result
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] A = {1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0}; //sample array to test the method
System.out.println(solution(A));} } //calls the method passing array to it
Explanation:
The program works as follows:
A[] = {1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0}
N = A.length
N = 6
The A has the following elements:
A[0] = 1
A[1] = 1
A[2] = 0
A[3] = 1
A[4] = 0
A[5] = 0
Program iterates through array A using for loop. Loop variable i is initialized to 0
if condition if (A[i] == A[i + 1]) checks
if (A[0] == A[0 + 1])
A[0] = 1
A[0 + 1] = A[1] = 1
They both are 1 so they are equal
r = r + 1;
Since the above if condition is true so 1 is added to the value of r Hence
r = 1
At each iteration of the loop the if condition checks whether the adjacent elements of A are equal. If true then r is incremented to 1 otherwise not.
So after all the iterations value of r = 2
if (r == N-1) evaluates to false because r=2 and N-1 = 5
So program moves to the statement:
for (int i = 0; i <N; i++)
This loop iterates through the array A
if (i > 0) condition checks if value of i is greater than 0. This evaluates to false and program control moves to statement:
if (i < N - 1) which makes if(0<5) This evaluates to true and program control moves to statement
if (A[i] != A[i + 1]) which means:
if (A[0] != A[0 + 1]) -> if (A[0] != A[1])
We know that
A[0] = 1
A[1] = 1
So this evaluates to false and else part is executed:
value of c is decremented to 1. So c=-1
max = Math.max(max,c) statement returns the max of max and c
max = 0
c = -1
So max = 0
value of i is incremented to 1 so i = 1
At next step:
if (i < N - 1) which makes if(1<5) This evaluates to true and program control moves to statement
if (A[i] != A[i + 1]) which means:
if (A[1] != A[1 + 1]) -> if (A[1] != A[2])
A[1] = 1
A[2] = 0
So the statement evaluates to true and following statement is executed
c = c + 1; The value of c is incremented to 1. So
c = -1 + 1
Hence
Hence c= 0, max = 0 and i = 2
next step:
if (i < N - 1) which makes if(2<5) This evaluates to true and program control moves to statement
if (A[i] != A[i + 1]) which means:
if (A[2] != A[2 + 1]) -> if (A[2] != A[3])
A[2] = 0
A[3] = 1
So the statement evaluates to true and following statement is executed
c = c + 1; The value of c is incremented to 1. So
c = 0 + 1
c = 1
Hence
The statement max = Math.max(max,c) returns the max of max and c
max = 0
c = 1
So max = 1
Hence c= 1, max = 1 and i = 3
next step:
if (i < N - 1) which makes if(3<5) This evaluates to true and program control moves to statement
if (A[i] != A[i + 1]) which means:
if (A[3] != A[3 + 1]) -> if (A[3] != A[4])
A[3] = 1
A[4] = 0
So the statement evaluates to true and following statement is executed
c = c + 1; The value of c is incremented to 1. So
c = 1 + 1
c = 2
Hence
The statement max = Math.max(max,c) returns the max of max and c
max = 1
c = 2
So max = 2
Hence c= 2, max = 2 i = 4
next step:
if (i < N - 1) which makes if(4<5) This evaluates to true and program control moves to statement
if (A[i] != A[i + 1]) which means:
if (A[4] != A[4+ 1]) -> if (A[4] != A[5])
A[4] = 0
A[5] = 0
So this evaluates to false and else part is executed:
value of c is decremented to 1. So c=1
max = Math.max(max,c) statement returns the max of max and c
max = 2
c = 1
So max = 2
value of i is incremented to 1 so i = 5
next step:
if (i < N - 1) which makes if(5<5) This evaluates to false
if (i > 0) evaluates to true so following statement executes:
if (A[i-1] != A[i])
if (A[5-1] != A[5])
if (A[4] != A[5])
A[4] = 0
A[5] = 0
This statement evaluates to false so else part executes and value of c is decremented to 1
Hence
max = 2
c = 0
So max = 2
value of i is incremented to 1 so i = 6
The loop breaks because i <N evaluates to false.
Program control moves to the statement:
return r + max;
r = 2
max = 2
r + max = 2+2 = 4
So the output of the above program is:
4
Write an INSERT statement that adds this row to the Categories table:
CategoryName: Brass
Code the INSERT statement so SQL Server automatically generates the value for the CategoryID column.
Answer:
INSERT INTO categories (CategoryName)
VALUES ('Brass Code');
Explanation:
The SQL refers to the Structured Query Language in which the data is to be designed and maintained that occurred in the relational database management system i.e it is to be used for maintaining and query the database
Now the INSERT statement should be written as follows
INSERT INTO categories (CategoryName)
VALUES ('Brass Code');
3. Which of the following is called address operator?
a)*
b) &
c).
d) %
Answer:
The Ampersand Symbol (Option B)
Explanation:
A 'address of operator' specifies that a given value that is read needs to be stored at the address of 'x'.
The address operator is represented by the ampersand symbol. ( & )
Hope this helps.
why is operating system pivotal in teaching and learning
Answer:
Kindly see explanation
Explanation: The operating system is a huge part of a computer system which plays a an invaluable role in the working of computer programs, hardwares and influences the overall experience of the user. It operating system serves as the interface between the computer hardware itself and the user who may wish to perform different tasks using a computer. In other to teach and learn, it is necessary to input and also obtain output, store our files and process and most essentially one may need to install application programs or softwares, all these functions are made possible with the help of an operating system. In essence, a system without an operating system can perform very little to no function at all. So basically teaching and learning becomes difficult. Teaching and Learning tools such as video, writing and other application softwares cannot be installed without an operating system and thus teaching or learning becomes impossible in it's absence.
how do you run a function in python?
