Warm blooded animals are homeothermic; that is, they maintain an approximately constant body temperature. (Forhumans it's about 37 oC.) When they are in an environment that is below their optimum temperature, they use energy derived from chemical reactions within their bodies to warm them up. One of the ways that animals lose energy to their environment is through radiation. Every object emits electromagnetic radiation that depends on its temperature. For very hot objects like the sun, that radiation is visible light. For cooler objects, like a house or a person, that radiation is in the infrared and is invisible. Nonetheless, it still carries energy. Other ways that energy is lost by a warm animal to a cool environment includes conduction (direct touching of a cooler object) and convection (cooler air moving and carrying thermal energy away). See Heat Transfer for a discussion of all three.

For this problem, we'll just consider how much energy an animal needs to burn (obtain from internal chemical reactions) in order to stay warm just from radiation losses. The rate at which an object loses energy through radiation is given by the Stefan-Boltzmann equation:

Rate of energy loss = AεσT4



where T is the absolute (Kelvin) temperature, A is the area of the object, ε is the emissivity (unitless and =1 for a perfect emitter, less for anything else), and σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant:

σ = 5.67 x 10-8 J/(s m2 K4)



Consider a patient trying to sleep naked in a cool room (55 oF = 13 oC). Assume that the person being considered is a perfect emitter and absorber of radiation (ε = 1), has a surface area of about 2.5 m2, and a mass of 80 kg.

a. A person emits thermal radiation at a rate corresponding to a temperature of 37 oC and absorbs radiation at a rate (from the air and walls) corresponding to a temperature of 13 oC. Calculate the individual's net rate of energy loss due to radiation (in Watts = Joules/second).
net rate of energy loss = Watts

b. Assume the patient produces no energy to keep warm. If they have a specific heat about equal to that of water (1 Cal/kg-oC) how much would their temperature fall in one hour? (1 Cal = 1kcal = 103 cal)
ΔT = oC

c. Given that the energy density of fat is about 9 Cal/g, how many grams of fat would the person have to utilize to maintain their body temperature in that environment for one hour?
amount of fat needed = g

Answer:

Power factor = 0.87 (Approx)

Explanation:

Given:

Load = 1 Kw = 1000 watt

Current (I) = 5 A

Supply (V) = 230 V

Find:

Power factor.

Computation:

Power factor = watts / (V)(I)

Power factor = 1,000 / (230)(5)

Power factor = 1,000 / (1,150)

Power factor = 0.8695

Power factor = 0.87 (Approx)

Answer:

A. 0.0374C

B. 0.012F

C. 18 ohms

Explanation:

See attached file

Answer:

Kindly check explanation

Explanation:

Length of race = 5km

Maximum speed = 45 yards

Converting from yards to kilometer :

1km = 1093.613 yards

x = 45 yards

(1093.613 * x) = 45

x = 45 / 1093.613

x = 0.0411480 km

Where x = maximum length for which he can maintain his maximum speed expressed in kilometers.

Therefore, with the available information, it can be concluded that Lamar cannot maintain his maximum speed for the entire 5km race and will only be able maintain his maximum speed for 0.0411 kilometers.

Lamar cannot maintain his maximum speed for the entire 5km race and will only be able maintain his maximum speed for 0.0411 kilometers.

Length of race = 5km

Maximum speed = 45 yards

Converting from yards to kilometer :

1km = 1093.613 yards

x = 45 yards

[tex](1093.613 \times x) = 45[/tex]

[tex]x = 45 \div 1093.613[/tex]

x = 0.0411480 km

here x represent maximum length for which he can maintain his maximum speed expressed in kilometers.

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Answer:

The dispersion is [tex]D = 2.01220 *10^{5} \ rad/m[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

    The wavelength of the light is  [tex]\lambda = 550 \ = 550 *10^{-9} \ n[/tex]

    The width of the grating is[tex]k = 1\ cm = 0.01 \ m[/tex]

    The  number of slit is  N =  1000 slits

    The order of the maxima is  m =  2

Generally the spacing between the slit is mathematically represented as

         [tex]d = \frac{k}{N}[/tex]

substituting values

        [tex]d = \frac{ 0.01}{1000}[/tex]

       [tex]d = 1.0 *10^{-5} \ m[/tex]

Generally the condition for constructive interference is

       [tex]d\ sin(\theta ) = m * \lambda[/tex]

substituting values

      [tex]1.0 *10^{-5} sin (\theta) = 2 * 550 *10^{-9}[/tex]

       [tex]\theta = sin^{-1} [\frac{ 2 * 550 *10^{-9}}{ 1.0 *10^{-5}} ][/tex]

      [tex]\theta = 6.315^o[/tex]

Generally the dispersion is mathematically represented as

           [tex]D = \frac{ m }{d cos(\theta )}[/tex]

substituting values

          [tex]D = \frac{ 2 }{ 1.0 *10^{-5} cos(6.315 )}[/tex]

           [tex]D = 2.01220 *10^{5} \ rad/m[/tex]

Explanation:

(a) Given that,

Area of a parallel plate capacitor, [tex]A=1.8\ cm^2=1.8\times 10^{-4}\ m^2[/tex]

The separation between the plates of a capacitor, [tex]d=0.01\ mm = 10^{-5}\ m[/tex]

The dielectric constant of, k = 2.1

When a dielectric constant is inserted between parallel plate capacitor, the capacitance is given by :

[tex]C=\dfrac{k\epsilon_o A}{d}[/tex]

Putting all the values we get :

[tex]C=\dfrac{2.1\times 8.85\times 10^{-12}\times 1.8\times 10^{-4}}{0.01\times 10^{-3}}\\\\C=3.345\times 10^{-10}\ F\\\\C=334.5\ pF[/tex]

(b) We know that the Teflon has dielectric strength of 60 MV/m, [tex]E=60\times 10^6\ V/m[/tex]

The voltage difference between the plates at this critical voltage is given by :

[tex]V=Ed\\\\V=60\times 10^6\times 0.01\times 10^{-3} \\\\V=600\ V[/tex]

or

V = 0.6 kV

We have that the Capacitance and potential difference is mathematically given as



Question Parameters:

having a plate area of 1.80 cm2 and a plate separation of 0.010 0 mm

having a plate area of 1.80 cm2 and a plate separation of 0.010 0 mm.

a)

Generally the equation for the Capacitance  is mathematically given as

[tex]C=\frac{ke_0A}{d}\\\\Therefore\\\\C=\frac{2.1*1.80e-4*8.85e12}{0.01e-3}\\\\[/tex]

C=334.68pF

b)

Generally the equation for the Capacitance  is mathematically given as

[tex]Vmax=\frac{Q}{C}[/tex]

Where

Q is the charge on the plates, and hence not given

Therefore, maximum potential difference is

[tex]Vmax=\frac{Q}{334.68pF}[/tex]

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Answer:

63 cm

Explanation:

Mathematically;

The focal length of a double convex lens is given as;

1/f = (n-1)[1/R1 + 1/R2]

where n is the refractive index of the medium given as 1.52

R1 and R2 represents radius of curvature which are given as 60cm and 72cm respectively.

Plugging these values into the equation, we have:

1/f = (1.52-1)[1/60 + 1/72)

1/f = 0.0158

f = 1/0.0158

f = 63.29cm which is approximately 63cm

Answer:

1.125×10⁻⁹ J

Explanation:

Applying,

E = 1/2CV²................... Equation 1

Where E = Energy stored in the capacitor, C = capacitance of the capacitor, V = Voltage of the battery.

Given; C = 1.0 nF,  = 1.0×10⁻⁹ F, V = 1.5 V

Substitute into equation 1

E = 1/2(1.0×10⁻⁹×1.5²)

E = 1.125×10⁻⁹ J

Hence the energy stored by the capacitor is 1.125×10⁻⁹ J

Answer;

A)S(t)=96t-16t² +432

B)it will take 9 seconds for the ball to reach the ground.

C)864feet

Explanation:

We were given an initial height of 432 feet.

And v(t)= 96-32t

A) we are to Find​ s(t), the function giving the height of the ball at time t

The position, or heigth, is the integrative of the velocity. So

S(t)= ∫(96-32)dt

S(t)=96t-16t² +K

S(t)=96t-16t² +432

In which the constant of integration K is the initial height, so K= 432

b) we need to know how long will the ball take to reach the​ ground

This is t when S(t)= 0

S(t)=96t-16t² +432

-16t² +96t +432=0

This is quadratic equation, if you solve using factorization method we have

t= -3 or t= 9

Therefore, , t is the instant of time and it must be a positive value.

So it will take 9 seconds for the ball to reach the ground.

C)V=s/t

Velocity= distance/ time

=96=s/9sec

S=96×9

=864feet

By applying the integrations,

(a) [tex]S = 96t-16t^2+432[/tex]

(b) Time will be "t = 9".

(c) Height will be "576"

Given:

Height,

Initial velocity,

According to the question,

(a)

Integrate v:

Initial Condition,

→ [tex]S = 96t-16t^2+432[/tex]

(b)

Hits the ground when,

→ [tex]0=96t-16t^2+432[/tex]

→ [tex]t =9[/tex]

(c)

Maximum height when,

→ [tex]0 = 96-32 t[/tex]

→ [tex]t = 3[/tex]

Now,

→ [tex]S = 96\times 3-16\times 3^2+432[/tex]

      [tex]= 576[/tex]

Thus the answer above is correct.

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Answer:

E = -8.23 ​​10⁻¹⁷ N / C

Explanation:

In the Bohr model, the electric potential for the ground state corresponding to the Bohr orbit is

         E = k q₁ q₂ / r²

in this case

q₁ is the charge of the proton and q₂ the charge of the electron

         E = - k e² / a₀²

let's calculate

         E = - 9 10⁹ (1.6 10⁻¹⁹)² / (0.529 10⁻¹⁰)²

         E = -8.23 ​​10⁻¹⁷ N / C

Answer:

D. A convex lens in air

Explanation:

This is because the air tight plastic under water will reflect light rays in the same manner as a convex lens

Answer:

ΔT = 1ºC , 2ºCand 3ºC

Explanation:

In this exercise they indicate the specific heat of lithium

let's calculate the temperature increase as a function of the heat introduced

          Q = m [tex]c_{e}[/tex] ΔT

          ΔT = Q / m c_{e}

calculate

 for Q = 3.5 J

         ΔT = 3.5 / (1 3.5)

         ΔT = 1ºC

For Q = 7.0 J

         ΔT = 7 / (1 3.5)

         ΔT = 2ºC

for Q = 10.5 J

         ΔD = 10.5 / (1 3.5)

         ΔT = 3ºC

we see that this is a straight line, see attached

Answer:

It will take. the same distance up as before, but take a longer time

Answer:

(a) The magnitude of induced emf in the loop while the magnetic field is increasing is 9.5 mV

(b) The magnitude of the induced voltage at a constant magnetic field is 124.7 mV

Explanation:

Given;

radius of the circular loop, r = 31.0 cm = 0.31 m

initial magnetic field, B₁ = 0.7 T

final magnetic field, B₂ = 2.3B₁ = 2.3 X 0.7 T = 1.61 T

duration of change in the field, t = 29

(a) The magnitude of induced emf in the loop while the magnetic field is increasing.

[tex]E = A*\frac{\delta B}{\delta t} \\\\[/tex]

[tex]E = A*\frac{B_2 -B_1}{\delta t}[/tex]

Where;

A is the area of the circular loop

A = πr²

A = π(0.31)² = 0.302 m²

[tex]E = A*\frac{B_2 -B_1}{\delta t} \\\\E = 0.302*\frac{1.61-0.7}{29} \\\\E = 0.0095 \ V\\\\E = 9.5 \ mV[/tex]

(b) the magnitude of the induced voltage at a constant magnetic field

E = A x B/t

E = (0.302 x 1.61) / 3.9

E = 0.1247 V

E = 124.7 mV

Therefore, the magnitude of the induced voltage at a constant magnetic field is 124.7 mV

Answer:

b) True. potencial diferencie does not depend on orientation

Explanation:

In this exercise we are asked to show which statements are true.

The expression the potential with respect to earth or the electric field with respect to earth refers to the potential or electric charge of the planet that is assumed to be very large and does not change in value during work.

It does not refer to the height of the system.

We can now review the claims

a) False. Potential not to be refers to height

b) True. Does not depend on orientation

c) False The potential does not refer to the altitude but to the Earth's charge

Answer:

a. to the west.

Explanation:

An electron in a magnetic field always experience a force that tends to change its direction of motion through the magnetic field. According to Lorentz left hand rule (which is the opposite of Lorentz right hand rule for a positive charge), the left hand is used to represent the motion of an electron in a magnetic field. Hold out the left hand with the fingers held out parallel to the palm, and the thumb held at right angle to the other fingers. If the thumb represents the motion of the electron though the field, and the other fingers represent the direction of the field, then the palm will push in the direction of the force on the particle.

In this case, if we point the thumb (which shows the direction we shot the electron) to the south (towards your body), with the palm (shows the direction of the force) facing up to the roof, then the fingers (the direction of the field) will point west.

Answer:

 circumference of the satellite orbit  = 4.13 × 10⁷ m

Explanation:

Given that:

the time period T = 88.5 min = 88.5 × 60  = 5310 sec

The mass of the earth [tex]M_e[/tex] = 5.98 × 10²⁴ kg

if  the radius of orbit is r,

Then,

[tex]\dfrac{V^2}{r} = \dfrac{GM_e}{r^2}[/tex]

[tex]{V^2} = \dfrac{GM_e r}{r^2}[/tex]

[tex]{V^2} = \dfrac{GM_e }{r}[/tex]

[tex]{V} =\sqrt{ \dfrac{GM_e }{r}}[/tex]

Similarly :

[tex]T = \sqrt{\dfrac{ 2 \pi r} {V} }[/tex]

where; [tex]{V} =\sqrt{ \dfrac{GM_e }{r}}[/tex]

Then:

[tex]T = {\dfrac{ 2 \pi r^{3/2}} {\sqrt{ {GM_e }} }[/tex]

[tex]5310= {\dfrac{ 2 \pi r^{3/2}} {\sqrt{ {6.674\times 10^{-11} \times 5.98 \times 10^{24} }} }[/tex]

[tex]5310= {\dfrac{ 2 \pi r^{3/2}} {\sqrt{ 3.991052 \times 10^{14} }}[/tex]

[tex]5310= {\dfrac{ 2 \pi r^{3/2}} {19977617.48}[/tex]

[tex]5310 \times 19977617.48= 2 \pi r^{3/2}}[/tex]

[tex]1.06081149 \times 10^{11}= 2 \pi r^{3/2}}[/tex]

[tex]\dfrac{1.06081149 \times 10^{11}}{2 \pi}= r^{3/2}}[/tex]

[tex]r^{3/2}} = \dfrac{1.06081149 \times 10^{11}}{2 \pi}[/tex]

[tex]r^{3/2}} = 1.68833392 \times 10^{10}[/tex]

[tex]r= (1.68833392 \times 10^{10})^{2/3}}[/tex]

[tex]r= 2565.38^2[/tex]

r = 6579225 m

The  circumference of the satellites  orbit can now be determined by using the formula:

 circumference = 2π r

 circumference = 2π  × 6579225 m

 circumference = 41338489.85 m

 circumference of the satellite orbit  = 4.13 × 10⁷ m

Answer:

A = 6.8 km²

Explanation:

A) The sail should be reflective. This is so that, it can produce the maximum radiation pressure.

B) let's begin with the formula used to calculate the average solar sail in orbit around the sun. Thus;

F_rad = 2IA/c

I is given by the formula;

I = P/(4πr²)

Thus;

F_rad = (2A/c) × (P/(4πr²)) = PA/2cπr²

Where;

A is the area of the sail

r is the distance of the sail from the sun

c is the speed of light = 3 × 10^(8) m/s

P is total power output of the sun = 3.90 × 10^(26) W

Now,F_rad = F_g

Where F_g is gravitational force.

Thus;

PA/2cπr² = G•m•M_sun/r²

r² will cancel out to givw;

PA/2cπ = G•m•M_sun

Making A the subject, we have;

A = (2•c•π•G•m•M_sun)/P

Now, m = 1.06 × 10⁴ kg and M_sun has a standard value of 1.99 × 10^(30) kg

G is gravitational constant and has a value of 6.67 × 10^(-11) Nm²/kg²

Thus;

A = (2 × 3 × 10^(8) × π × 6.67 × 10^(-11) × 1.06 × 10^(4) × 1.99 × 10^(30))/(3.90 × 10^(26))

A = 6.8 × 10^(6) m² = 6.8 km²

1. The ocean water collects back in the ocean.

2. Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water. Condensation is crucial to the water cycle because it is responsible for the formation of clouds.

3. an excessive amount of water flowing from downslope along earths surface

4. A.Evaporation occurs when water is warmed by the sun.

5. The water returns into the ocean by the water cycle . It evaporates , then it condensates , then it participates ( Rains ) and then goes back into the ocean.

Hope this answer correct ✌️

Answer:

f. 80 and 90

Explanation:

1 x 10⁻¹² W/m² sound intensity falls within 0 sound level

1 x 10⁻¹¹ W/m² sound intensity falls within 10 sound level

1 x 10⁻¹⁰ W/m² sound intensity falls within 20 sound level

1 x 10⁻⁹ W/m² sound intensity falls within 30 sound level

1 x 10⁻⁸ W/m² sound intensity falls within 40 sound level

1 x 10⁻⁷ W/m² sound intensity falls within 50 sound level

1 x 10⁻⁶ W/m² sound intensity falls within 60 sound level

1 x 10⁻⁵ W/m² sound intensity falls within 70 sound level

1 x 10⁻⁴ W/m² sound intensity falls within 80 sound level

1 x 10⁻³ W/m² sound intensity falls within 90 sound level

Given sound intensity (3.66 x 10⁻⁴ W/m²) falls with 1 x 10⁻⁴ W/m² of intensity which is within 80 and 90 sound level.

f. 80 and 90

Answer:

total current = 12.417 A

so it will not fuse as current is less than 15 A

Explanation:

given data

toaster = 1140-W

blender = 270-W

lamp = 80-W

voltage = 120 V

solution

we know that current is express as

current = power ÷ voltage   ......................1

here voltage is same in all three device

so

current by toaster is

I = [tex]\frac{1140}{120}[/tex]

I = 9.5 A

and

current by blender

I = [tex]\frac{270}{120}[/tex]

I = 2.25 A

and

current by lamp is

I = [tex]\frac{80}{120}[/tex]

I = 0.667 A

so here device in parallel so

total current is = 9.5 A + 2.25 A + 0.667 A

total current = 12.417 A

so it will not fuse as current is less than 15 A

Answer:

Explanation:

Let the race be of a fixed distance x

[tex]Average Speed = \frac{Total Distance}{Total Time}[/tex]

Troy's Average speed = 3 miles/hr = x / 0.2 hr

x = 0.6 miles

Abed's Average speed = 0.6 / 0.125 = 4.8 miles/hr

Answer:

v = 345.6m/s

Explanation:

v = 384 x 0.9 = 345.6

v = 345.6m/s

Answer:

Explanation:

Charge on an electron (q) = 1.6 * 10 ^ -19 C

Velocity of electron (v) = 0.3037 * 300,000,000 = 91,110,000 m/sec

We know that, Force exerted on moving particle moving through a magnetic field :

[tex]F= q * v * B ( q,v\ and\ B\ are\ mutually\ perpendicular)[/tex]

1.2498 * 10 ^ -12 = 1.6 * 10^ -19 * 91110000 * B

B =  0.08573 T

Answer:

C $0.75 my friend I wish it is right answer

Answer:

D. evacuated tube collector due to reduced heat loss

Explanation:

Evacuated tube collectors has vacuum which reduces the loss of heat and increase the efficiency of the collector. It has a major application in solar collector, and converts solar energy to heat energy. It can also be used for heating of a definite volume of water majorly for domestic purpose.

During cold weather, the conservation and efficient use of heat is required. Therefore, evacuated tube collector is preferred so as to reduce heat loss and ensure the maximum use of heat energy.

Answer:

Vrel= 0.75c

Explanation:

See attached file

Answer:

Explanation:

A) Vair = 1.3 L

B) Volume is not reasonable

Explanation:

A)

Assume

m to be total mass of the man

mp be the mass of the man that pulled out of the water

m1 be the mass above the water with the empty lung

m2 be the mass above the water with full lung

wp be the weight that the buoyant force opposes as a result of the air.

Va be the volume of air inside man's lungs

Fb be the buoyant force due to the air in the lung

given;

m = 78.5 kg

m1 = 3.2% × 78.5 = 2.5 kg

m2 = 4.85% × 78.5 = 3.8kg

But, mp = m2- m1

mp = 3.8 - 2.5

mp = 1.3kg

So using

Archimedes principle, the relation for formula for buoyant force as;

Fb = (m_displaced water)g = (ρ_water × V_air × g)

Where ρ_water is density of water = 1000 kg/m³

Thus;

Fb = wp = 1.3× 9.81

Fb = 12.7N

But

Fb = (ρ_water × V_air × g)

So

Vair = Fb/(ρ_water × × g)

Vair = 12.7/(1000 × 9.81)

V_air = 1.3 × 10^(-3) m³

convert to litres

1 m³ = 1000 L

Thus;

V_air = 1.3× 10^(-3) × 1000

V_air = 1.3 L

But since the average lung capacity of an adult human being is about 6-7litres of air.

Thus, the calculated lung volume is not reasonable

Explanation:

Explanation:

1 inch = 25.4 mm

1 foot = 12 inches

1 mile = 5260 feet

1 cm = 0.01 m or 10 mm

Now Sammy's height is 5 feet and 5.3 inches.

(a) We need to find Sammy's height in inches.

Since, 1 foot = 12 inches

5 feet = 5 × 12 inches = 60 inches

Now, 5 feet and 5.3 inches = 60 inches + 5.3 inches = 65.3 inches

Sammy's height is 65.3 inches.

(b) We need to find Sammy's height in feet.

Since, 1 foot = 12 inches

[tex]1\ \text{inch}=\dfrac{1}{12}\ \text{feet}[/tex]

So,

[tex]5.3\ \text{inch}=\dfrac{5.3}{12}\ \text{feet}=0.4416\ \text{feet}[/tex]

5 feet and 5.3 inches = 5 feet + 0.4416 feet = 5.44 feet

Sammy's height is 5.44 feet.

Answer:

The moment of inertia is  [tex]I= 312.09 \ kg \cdot m^2[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

    The  mass of the platform is   m =  137 kg

     The radius is  r  =  1.53 m

    The mass of the person is  [tex]m_p = 68.7 \ kg[/tex]

    The distance of the person from the center is  [tex]d_c =1.19 \ m[/tex]

    The mass of the dog is  [tex]m_d = 25.9 \ kg[/tex]

     The distance of the dog from the person [tex]d_d = 1.45 \ m[/tex]

Generally the moment of inertia of the system is mathematically represented as

      [tex]I = I_1 + I_2 + I_3[/tex]

Where [tex]I_1[/tex] is the moment of inertia of the platform which mathematically represented as

          [tex]I_1 = \frac{m * r^2}{2}[/tex]

substituting values

           [tex]I_1 = \frac{ 137 * (1.53)^2}{2}[/tex]

           [tex]I_1 = 160.35 \ kg\cdot m^2[/tex]

Also  [tex]I_2[/tex]  is the moment of inertia of the person about the axis which is mathematically represented as

          [tex]I_2 = m_p * d_c^2[/tex]

substituting values

          [tex]I_2 = 68.7 * 1.19^2[/tex]

          [tex]I_2 = 97.29 \ kg \cdot m^2[/tex]

Also  [tex]I_3[/tex]  is the moment of inertia of the dog about the axis which is mathematically represented as

          [tex]I_3 = m_d * d_d^2[/tex]

substituting values

          [tex]I_3 = 25.9 * 1.45^2[/tex]

          [tex]I_3 = 54.45 \ kg \cdot m^2[/tex]

Thus  

        [tex]I= 160.35 + 97.29 + 54.45[/tex]

        [tex]I= 312.09 \ kg \cdot m^2[/tex]

Answer

1.07E22 Joules

Explanation;

We know that mass expands by a factor

=>>1/√[1-(v/c)²]

But v= 0.509c

So

1/√(1 - 0.509²)

=>>> 1/√(1 - 0.2591)

= >> 1/√(0.7409) = 1.16

But given that 121 tons is rest mass so 121- 1.16= 119.84 tons is kinetic energy

And we know that rest mass-energy equivalence is 9 x 10^19 joules per ton.

So Multiplying by 119.84

Kinetic energy will be 1.07x 10^22 joules