Classical models of judicial review typically stress the significance of impartial and ethical justifications in judicial deliberations.
Classical models of judicial review typically stress the significance of impartial and ethical justifications in judicial deliberations. According to these beliefs, judges should make decisions based on constitutional requirements and objective legal standards rather than on their own political or personal inclinations. To maintain the integrity and legitimacy of the judiciary, the concept is that judges should be unbiased and free from political influences. Not all academics or legal theorists, it should be noted, share this viewpoint.
Some contend that judges cannot totally free themselves from their own ideological or political biases since the law is fundamentally political. Others contend that a variety of elements, such as societal norms, popular opinion, and the larger political environment, have an impact on judicial rulings. There are alternative conceptions of judicial review as well, which may not always call for strict adherence to impartial or ethical principles.
For example, popular constitutionalism, which emphasises the influence of democratic and public procedures on constitutional interpretation and decision-making, has been promoted by some legal scholars. According to this strategy, judges should interpret the Constitution in light of current social and political circumstances and should pay close attention to how society's demands and ideals are changing.
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Which of the following areas of intellectual property law is the least impacted by state statutory or common law? a.) patents b.) copyrights c.) trademarks d.) trade secrets
Trade secrets are the area of intellectual property law that is least impacted by state statutory or common law.
Unlike patents, copyrights, and trademarks, which are governed by federal statutes, trade secret law is primarily based on common law principles that vary from state to state. While there are some federal laws that protect trade secrets, such as the Economic Espionage Act of 1996, the majority of trade secret law is governed by state law. This is because trade secret law is based on the legal principle of confidentiality, which is enforced through contracts and state tort law. As a result, trade secret law varies significantly depending on the jurisdiction in which it is applied.
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the initial responsibility of the first responding officer after they determine that a crime was committed is to crij
The initial responsibility of the first responding officer after determining that a crime was committed is to ensure the safety of the victim(s) and any witnesses.
The officer must secure the crime scene to prevent any contamination or destruction of evidence.
The first responder must assess the situation and determine the extent of any injuries or damage. If medical attention is required, the officer should immediately request medical assistance. If the offender is still on the scene or in the area, the officer should quickly apprehend the suspect and ensure that they are separated from the victim(s) and witnesses.
The first responding officer should also begin to gather information from witnesses and potential suspects. This may involve conducting interviews, collecting physical evidence, and taking photographs or videos of the crime scene. It is important for the officer to document as much information as possible to aid in the investigation of the crime.
The officer should also notify their supervisor and any necessary departments, such as detectives or forensics teams, to further investigate the crime. The officer may need to request additional resources, such as backup or a K-9 unit, depending on the severity of the crime and the situation.
In summary, the initial responsibility of the first responding officer after determining that a crime was committed is to ensure the safety of the victim(s) and witnesses, secure the crime scene, gather information and evidence, and notify necessary departments and resources to further investigate the crime.
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true or false. testosterone administration induces a red shift in democrats
Answer:
True, testosterone administration induces a red shift in democrats
According to Rule 217.12(1), Unprofessional Conduct, one example of an unsafe practice includes failing toA. provide a two-week notice when leaving employment.B. attend a scheduled staff meeting.C. arrive at work on time twice during the last month.D. manage client records properly.
To remain professionally accountable, it is important to provide a two-week notice when leaving employment. (A)
According to Rule 217.12(1), Unprofessional Conduct, failing to provide a two-week notice when leaving employment is an example of an unsafe practice. (A)
In other words, it is a breach of professional standards to not give a two-week notice prior to leaving a job.
By providing such a notice, the employee is respecting the employer’s time and allowing them to properly plan for a replacement. Not doing so can be disruptive to the organization and create a disorganized workflow.
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What did the 13th 14th and 15th amendments do during reconstruction?
The Reconstruction Amendments, sometimes known as the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution, played a significant role in granting African Americans citizenship rights and protections.
Slavery was officially abolished by the 13th Amendment. African Americans were made equal citizens of the United States via the 14th Amendment.
The Dred Scott v. Sanford ruling, in which Chief Justice Roger B. Taney of the Supreme Court stated that black Americans were not citizens and as a result had "no rights which the white man was bound to respect," was reversed by this amendment.
Black American men now have the right to vote thanks to the 15th Amendment. Northern African Americans were steadfast supporters of these amendments, pushing for equality on behalf of both themselves and their recently freed colleagues.
Democrats in Pennsylvania's neighboring state of New Jersey resisted ratification, despite the fact that Pennsylvania was one of the first states to do so in February 1865.
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which of the following is not a defense to price discrimination recognized by the robinson-patman act?
Predatory pricing is not a defense to price discrimination recognized by the robinson-patman act.
A federal law called the Robinson-Patman Act was created to stop price discrimination. Distributors are not allowed to charge various retailers different prices under the law. The act specifically exempts "cooperative associations" from its application and only covers interstate commerce.
These types of alleged Robinson-Patman violations can be legally defended in one of two ways: either the price difference is justified by different costs of manufacture, sale, or delivery (such as volume discounts), or the price concession was made in good faith to match a competitor's price.
Two additional clauses in the Robinson-Patman Act forbid indirect price discrimination, which is when a manufacturer favors one reseller over a rival reseller when offering services, facilities, and advertising and promotional benefits.
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fill in the blank. Aggregate planning is the capacity planning for the ____ range
Aggregate planning is the capacity planning for the intermediate range, typically spanning 3 to 18 months. It aims to balance demand and resources for optimal efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
In the context of law, demand refers to a formal request made by one party to another for some sort of relief or action. This can take many forms, such as a demand letter or a demand for payment. In many legal situations, demand is a prerequisite for initiating legal action or filing a lawsuit. For example, in a breach of contract case, the plaintiff may need to first make a demand for payment before filing a lawsuit to recover damages. Similarly, in a personal injury case, the injured party may need to demand compensation from the at-fault party or their insurance company before taking legal action. Demands may also be made in the context of negotiations or settlements, where one party makes a demand for certain terms or concessions in exchange for settling a dispute or avoiding litigation.
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micropolitical risk events are those that affect____. industries and companies domestic industries or companies
Micropolitical risk events are those that affect One industry or company or a few companies. The correct answer is C) one industry or company or a few companies.
Business instability brought on by political changes in a nation is known as a political risk. Additionally, political risk causes businesses within a nation to see a drop in equity prices and a decrease in foreign direct investment, which destabilizes business operations. Political insurance protects registered organizations from financial loss and other political circumstances that could result in losses, thereby reducing political risks.
The instabilities that particular organizations that conduct their operations in other countries must contend with are known as micro-political risks. Therefore, certain organizations that conduct business abroad are exposed to these risks. Micro-political risks can also have an impact on international projects that an organization is trying to complete. Governmental, political, or economic changes that a nation experiences can affect micro-political risks. Micropolitical risks have an impact on both investors and businesses because they lower a company's capacity to generate revenue, which lowers investment returns. The correct answer is C) one industry or company or a few companies.
The question is incomplete, complete question "Micropolitical risk events are those that affect _____.
A) multiple industries and companies
B) several other nations in the same region
C) one industry or company or a few companies
D) domestic industries or companies"
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candidates who are behind in election polls often use as a way to gain momentum and make the race competitive.
Candidates who are behind in election polls often use as a way to gain momentum from GOVT 2305 at Houston Community College.
Political parties and leaders have incentives to compete in regular elections. Political parties are aware that their popularity and chances of winning the upcoming elections will rise if they address issues that the public wants to be addressed.
What are the deciding factors for voters in a national election?The media, the role of emotions, political socialization, tolerance of diversity in political viewpoints, and other factors are also important public influences.
The core of a political campaign is persuading voters. Since the founding of our nation, advertisements, theme songs, stump speeches, and even negative campaigning have existed. Since then, every technological advancement has created new ways for candidates to influence voters.
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At one point, U.S. presidents accumulated so much power that Arthur Schlesinger Jr. warned of which of the following?
an imperial presidency
a dynamic presidency
a dual presidency
an amorphous presidency
U.S. presidents once grew to have so much authority that Arthur Schlesinger Jr. foresaw an imperial administration.
Imperial administration refers to a type of government that exercises authority over a vast and diverse territory or empire, often involving the rule of one individual or a small group of individuals. In this type of administration, there is a central government that exercises control over various regions, territories, and subject peoples.
The concept of imperial administration has been present throughout history, from ancient empires such as the Roman Empire to modern empires like the British Empire. Imperial administration often involves a hierarchical system of government, with the central government delegating authority to local officials and administrators.
Imperial administration can be both efficient and effective, as it allows for centralized decision-making and coordination of resources. However, it can also be criticized for being overly bureaucratic, oppressive, and authoritarian, as it often relies on force and coercion to maintain control over subject populations.
Overall, imperial administration remains a topic of study and debate, with scholars and policymakers grappling with the advantages and disadvantages of this type of government.
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________ refers to the bargained-for legal value that one party agrees to pay or provide to secure the promise of another.A) ConsiderationB) AgreementC) ReformationD) Restitution
Consideration refers to the bargained-for legal value that one party agrees to pay or provide to secure the promise of another. The correct answers is option a.
What is consideration?Consideration is a necessary element of a contract. It is the value given in return for the promise or performance of another. In simpler terms, consideration is the "price" that is paid for the promise of the other party. Consideration must have legal value and be bargained for. In the absence of consideration, the contract would be considered a gift. A contract is not enforceable without consideration. Consideration can take various forms, including money, goods, services, or a promise to do something. In short, it is the mutual exchange of something of value that distinguishes a contract from a gift.
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fill in the blank. a solution to the free-rider problem is the government's power to___, which is something businesses and individuals___have the power to do.
A solution to the free-rider problem is the government's power to force people to pay for the goods they benefit from, which is something businesses and individuals do not have the power to do.
Anyone who wants others to pay for a public good but intends to use it themselves is considered a free rider; if many people engage in this behavior, the public good may never be provided.
Because free riders try to use the public good without paying for it, markets frequently struggle to produce them.
The free rider issue can be solved by taking steps to ensure that those who use a public good pay for it. Governmental actions, social pressures, and payment collection are examples of such measures—in circumstances where markets have found a way to do so.
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De jure discrimination and de facto discrimination are two ways in which some Americans are treated as less equal than others. Examples of public policies designed to address each of these forms of discrimination are
a. affirmative action (de jure), and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (de facto).
b. the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (de jure), and the Brown decision (de facto).
c. the Supreme Court's busing decisions (de jure), and affirmative action decisions (de facto).
d. None of these answers is correct.
e. the Brown decision (de jure), and affirmative action (de facto).
Option A, that is affirmative action (de jure), and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (de facto).
WHAT'S AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONAffirmative action is a public policy that was put in place to correct de jure discrimination that African Americans faced.
This policy was designed to increase the representation of historically marginalized groups in education, employment, and other sectors where they had been previously excluded. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a law that was put in place to address de facto discrimination in the form of voter suppression.
The act was passed to ensure that every citizen of the United States could vote without facing any discrimination. Together, affirmative action and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 are important policies designed to address both de jure and de facto discrimination.
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which of the following actions is not protected under the freedom of expression contained in the first amendment?
Obscenity is never protected under the freedom of expression contained in the first amendment.
Only speech that can be proven to fall into a few specific, limited categories of speech is not covered by the First Amendment. Obscenity, child obscenity, defamatory language, false advertising, genuine threats, and fighting words are examples of unprotected speech.
Obscenity is the name given to a specific subset of obscenity that offends modern social norms and has no redeeming literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Most obscenity, which is sexually suggestive material that appeals to many readers and viewers, is protected by the constitution, at least for adults.
The question is incomplete, complete question will be "Which of the following types of speech is NOT protected by the First Amendment? (check all that apply)
Obscenity, Hate Speech, True Threats, Offensive Speech, Defamation,
False Advertisements"
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which of the following factors is not among the plausible explanations presented by cole and smith for the growth in the prison population?
Cole and Smith (2007) present several plausible explanations for the growth in the prison population, including increased punitiveness, mandatory minimum sentences, the war on drugs, and the privatization of prisons.
However, one factor that is not among the explanations they present is the declining crime rate. While declining crime rates have been observed in many countries, including the United States, it is not considered a direct explanation for the growth in the prison population. Instead, the growth in the prison population is largely attributed to changes in criminal justice policies and practices, such as the ones mentioned by Cole and Smith, that have resulted in longer prison sentences and increased numbers of people being incarcerated.
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The policies passed in response to the Great Depression contributed to a change in which of the following earlier popular beliefs?
A. Big business should have significant influence over federal legislation.
B. Labor unions should have the sole power to negotiate with corporations.
C. Government should be noninterventionist during economic downturns.
D. Federal programs should contribute to the welfare of older Americans
The policies passed in response to the Great Depression contributed to a change in Government should be noninterventionist during economic downturns. (C)
Before the Great Depression, the government had adopted a noninterventionist stance, meaning that the government was not taking an active role in managing the economy.
However, during the Great Depression, the government began to introduce more and more policies to try and regulate the economy, such as introducing new tax policies, regulating the stock market, and increasing spending to create jobs.
This led to the idea of government intervention during economic downturns becoming more accepted.
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FILL IN THE BLANK men, who represent about half the u.s. population, account for about ___ of all arrests for property crime.
Answer:
63%
Explanation:
Eli is a public defender representing his client in a first-degree murder case. Roxy, his client, does not want to make a plea, so the case is going to trial. Eli is preparing to seat the jury and wants the jurors to be able to relate to his client, who grew up poor but started her own business. If a prospective juror states that he believes all women are killers, Eli can ask that the juror be removed by requesting a
Eli can request that the prospective juror be removed from the jury by making a "challenge for cause." A challenge for cause is when a lawyer or party to a case asks the judge to excuse a potential juror due to the juror's beliefs or values, in this case, that "all women are killers." The judge will determine if the prospective juror can still be fair and impartial, and if not, the juror will be dismissed.
A challenge for cause is a request made by an attorney to remove a prospective juror from a trial panel because of a specific reason that shows the juror cannot be fair or impartial. In this case, if a prospective juror states a belief that all women are killers, it could indicate a bias or prejudice against women that could prevent them from being fair and impartial in Roxy's trial. Eli could request a challenge for cause to remove the juror from the panel based on this bias. The judge would then decide whether or not to grant the challenge for cause and remove the juror from the panel.
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Which social policy mentioned in the video is usually thought of as a state and local issue, but has seen the federal government get more involved?
education
Education is the Social policy mentioned in the video is usually thought of as a state and local issue, but has seen the federal government get more involved.
The federal government's role in education has its origins in the Constitution and is, of course, closely related to other facets of American culture. In this document, education is not mentioned. The 10th Amendment declares that "the powers not specifically granted to the United States by the Constitution are reserved to the States respectively."
Although it might seem that the federal government cannot regulate education, the 14th Amendment requires all states to provide "equal protection of the laws to every person within their jurisdiction."
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Where people fall on the ideology spectrum is known as the _____.
U.S. firms, their foreign subsidiaries, or foreign firms that are licensees of U.S. technology cannot sell a product to a country in which the sale is considered by the U.S. government to affect theoverall balance of payments of the United States.national security of the United States.relationship of the U.S. with the world community.competitive balance of world trade.competitive balance of free competition inside the U.S.
U.S. technology cannot sell a product without an export licence to a country in the sale is considered by the U.S. government to affect the overall balance of payments of the United States is; National security of the United States.
What is an export license?
An export license is a government document issued by a country's export control agency, authorizing the export of certain goods in specific quantities to a particular destination. An export license is usually required for any items that are controlled, regulated, or banned by national and international export control laws.
The export control agency is responsible for regulating and overseeing all activities related to the export of goods, including granting export licenses and enforcing export regulations.
Why are export licenses necessary?Export licenses are necessary for a variety of reasons, including to: Prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction Protect national security Ensure compliance with international laws and regulations Combat terrorism and other criminal activities Promote economic development and stability.
There are different types of export licenses, and the specific requirements and regulations will depend on the type of goods being exported and the destination country. However, in general, the purpose of an export license is to ensure that the export of certain goods does not pose a threat to national security, international relations, or other important interests.
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fill in the blank. expansionary fiscal policy will cause gross domestic product to and the interest rate to .
Expansionary fiscal policy will cause gross domestic product to increase and the interest rate to rise.
Expansionary fiscal policy involves increasing government spending and/or reducing taxes, which increases aggregate demand in the economy. This increased demand can lead to higher economic growth and an increase in gross domestic product (GDP).
However, an increase in demand can also lead to higher inflation, which can cause the central bank to raise interest rates in order to cool down the economy and control inflation. As interest rates rise, this can reduce investment and consumption, which can partially offset the positive effects of expansionary fiscal policy on GDP growth.
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Explain briefly the concept of duress in contract law.
(p. 130) According to the chapter, the 2009 Credit Card Responsibility and Disclosure Act: A. requires credit cards companies to disclose specific reasons for increasing interest rates.
B. requires persons under 21 to show independent income or use a co-signer to acquire a credit card.
C. prohibits credit card companies from charging more than 18% interest.
D. requires students to disclose expected college loan debt when applying for a credit card.
According to the chapter, the 2009 Credit Card Responsibility and Disclosure Act: requires persons under 21 to show independent income or use a co-signer to acquire a credit card. (B)
The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009, also known as the Credit CARD Act of 2009, is a federal statute that was signed into law by President Barack Obama on May 22, 2009.
The act is intended to protect consumers from abusive credit card practices and to improve transparency in the credit card sector.The Credit CARD Act of 2009 is a comprehensive credit card reform law that includes a number of provisions aimed at safeguarding customers from unfair and deceptive practices.
Some of the Credit CARD Act of 2009's key provisions include the following:Credit card issuers must give customers a minimum of 21 days to pay their bills;Credit card issuers must notify customers of changes to their account terms at least 45 days ahead of time;Credit card issuers are prohibited from charging interest on fees and penalties;
Credit card issuers are required to apply payments to high-interest balances first;
Credit card issuers are required to mail monthly statements to customers 21 days prior to their payment due date;
Credit card issuers must provide customers with a notice before increasing their interest rate;
Credit card issuers must provide customers with a warning before assessing an over-limit fee on their account; and
Persons under the age of 21 are required to demonstrate independent income or use a co-signer to acquire a credit card.
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What part should intent play in determining the punishment for crime? (For instance, if a man attempts to kill another man but fails to kill him and, instead, only wounds him, should he receive any lighter a sentence than the man who intends to kill another man and succeeds in doing so?)
Answer:
Intent is an important factor in determining the punishment for a crime. In the case of attempted murder versus actual murder, the intent to kill is the same in both cases, but the outcome is different. The person who attempted to kill but failed may still be held responsible for their actions and face punishment, but the punishment may be less severe than that of the person who successfully killed another person.This is because the severity of a crime is often determined by the harm caused, as well as the intent behind the action. However, the specific circumstances of the crime, including the intent of the perpetrator, the harm caused, and other factors, should all be taken into account when determining an appropriate punishment.Overall, while intent should be considered when determining the punishment for a crime, it should not be the only factor taken into account. The severity of the harm caused and other relevant factors should also be considered to ensure that the punishment fits the crime.. The ______ test is used if the classification involves either a suspect class or a fundamental constitutional right.
A. minimum rationality
B. quasi-strict scrutiny
C. rational basis
D. prior restraints
E. strict scrutiny
assume that print todays date is a function that uses no parameters. write a statement that calls (invokes) this function.
Assuming that print today's data is a function with no parameters, the statement that calls this function is: print_todays_date()
How to write the statement ?In programming, a function is a block of code that performs a specific task. Functions are often used to break down a program into smaller, more manageable pieces of code that can be reused throughout the program.
When you define a function, you give it a name and a set of parameters (if any) that it takes as input. In the case of the "print today's date" function, it doesn't take any parameters, so you can simply write the name of the function followed by a set of empty parentheses, like this: print_todays_date().
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What does the US constitution give the president the exclusive power to do?
A: impeach members of congress
B: declare war
C: rule a law unconstitutional
D: sign bills into law
Answer:
What does the US constitution give the president the exclusive power to do?
A: impeach members of congress
B: declare war
C: rule a law unconstitutional
D: sign bills into law
Explanation:
D: sign bills into law.
In 100 words or more, discuss what the different options are for sketch perspectives and what the forensic lab plays within crime scene investigation.
Sketch perspectives are an essential part of crime scene investigation, as they provide a visual representation of the scene and help investigators to accurately document and interpret the evidence collected. There are different options for sketch perspectives, including hand-drawn sketches, computer-generated sketches, and 3D modeling.
What is investigation?Investigation refers to the process of gathering information or evidence to establish facts and solve problems. It involves systematic and thorough inquiry or examination of a particular issue or event.
Forensic labs play an important role in crime scene investigation as they analyze and interpret the evidence collected by investigators. Forensic lab technicians use specialized equipment and techniques to analyze physical evidence, such as fingerprints, DNA, and ballistics, to identify suspects and provide evidence for criminal cases.
They work closely with investigators to provide accurate and timely results, which can help to solve crimes and bring perpetrators to justice. The forensic lab is a crucial component of the criminal justice system and plays an essential role in the investigation and prosecution of crimes.
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3 reasons why discrimanaton against gender is illegal in the South African Constitution
The reasons why discrimination against gender is illegal in the South African Constitution are equality dignity and non-discrimination.
The three reasons can be elaborated as -
Equality: The South African Constitution upholds the principle of equality, which states that everyone has a right to the same level of protection and advantage under the law and that no one may be subjected to unfair discrimination on account of any factor, including gender. Hence, discrimination based on gender is against the law and against the constitution.
Human dignity: The Constitution also affirms that every individual has intrinsic worth and forbids actions that lessen or undermine that worth. Discrimination against women or other genders is illegal because it frequently rests on presumptions and prejudices that violate their fundamental dignity.
Non-discrimination: The Constitution clearly forbids discrimination on the basis of gender in addition to racial, ethnic, and religious distinctions in a number of settings, such as the workplace, educational institutions, and public services. This means that discriminating against people based on their gender is prohibited by law for businesses and governmental organisations.
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