The skin is protected by the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which cells serve this function?

The importance of water properties on plants and animals.

The importance of water in plants is that it helps plants to make their own food, because water plays a very important role in Photosynthesis, and as well it helps them to grow.

The important of water in animals is that it is main need for animals to survive as well as humans. Without water even a single organism won't exist in this Earth.

The human body is made up of more than three-fourths of water, and all animals and plants require water to thrive.

Water is used by all living things to transport nutrients throughout the body and remove waste. Among its many crucial functions, water aids in the digestion of food and the preservation of organisms' heat.

The term "universal solvent" refers to water's enormous capacity to dissolve a wide range of molecules, and it is this capacity that makes water such a priceless life-sustaining agent.

Water's function as a solvent aids cells in the transfer and utilization of molecules like oxygen or nutrients on a biological level.

Therefore, to do all the cellular processes by plants and animals there is need of water.

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Answer:

The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that is composed of two membranes. – Proteins, RNA, and other molecules can move to and from the rest of the cell through nuclear pores.

Atoms bond together to make larger molecules or elements.

Answer:

1. The heat is transferred from the light bulb to the paper.

2. The temperature is higher for the black paper.

3. The white paper absorb less heat.

Explanation:

1. The heat is transferred from the light bulb to the paper.

This is because the light bulb is the source of heat in the experiment. Thus removing the light bulb implies that no heat would flow apart from the ambient heat.

2. The temperature is higher for the black paper.

A black body is a good absorber of heat. So, the temperature of the black paper would be higher compared to that of the white paper.

3. It can be concluded based on this data that: The white paper absorb less heat.

Since white surfaces are good reflectors of heat. Thus the white paper reflects most of the heat from the bulb, while absorbing very little fraction of it.

Answer:

cardiac cell

Explanation:

A human cell with 23 chromosomes is sperm cell.

Hence, the correct answer is: Sperm cell.

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Answer:

El agua es un medio ideal para reacciones químicas, ya que puede almacenar una gran cantidad de calor, es eléctricamente neutral y tiene un pH de 7.0, lo que significa es que no es ácida ni básica. Además, el agua participa en muchas reacciones enzimáticas como agente para romper enlaces o, al eliminar de una molécula, para formar enlaces.

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Acetylcholine:  

- Muscarinic  

- Nicotinic  

- Associated with mushroom poison  

- Only receptor found in parasympathetic synapses  

- Associated with tobacco  

2. Norepinephrine:  

- alpha-Adrenergic  

- beta-Adrenergic

- Utilizes calcium ions as a second messenger

Explanation:

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that acts in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Cholinergic receptors are receptors that bind to ACh. Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors involved in the parasympathetic nervous system, which play roles in a variety of physiological responses (e.g., ACh binds to muscarinic receptors in the pathophysiology of asthma, leading to an increased mucus secretion). Nicotinic receptors bind to nicotine, while muscarinic receptors bind to muscarin (muscarine is a well-known neurotoxic alkaloid found in certain mushrooms). Nicotine receptors are also called cholinergic receptors since they also respond to ACh.  On the other hand, norepinephrine (NE) binds to alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors in different tissues. Both alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors. Alpha-adrenergic receptors are involved in the regulation of blood pressure and generating a sympathetic 'fight and flight response'; whereas beta-adrenergic receptors modulate sympathetic responses in the cardiovascular, metabolic, and central nervous systems (NE activates the beta1-receptor). NE can induce Ca2+ release, which is a second messenger that controls a wide variety of cellular processes.

Answer:

Ejemplo ecosistema y su cadena trófica:  

- Ecosistema: llanura (campo de maíz)  

- Productor primario: plantas de maíz  

- Consumidor primario: Ratones

- Consumidor secundario: Aves rapaces

- Microorganismo descomponedor: bacterias  

Explanation:

En una cadena trófica o cadena alimentaria de un ecosistema, cada nivel obtiene la energía necesaria para sustentar la vida a partir del nivel inmediatamente anterior, mientras que los productores primarios son aquellos organismos que hacen ingresar la energía al ecosistema. Por otra parte, los descomponedores son organismos que se alimentan de los restos de animales y plantas, mediante su descomposición, obteniendo de ellos energía y materia hasta transformarlos en materia inorgánica. En el ejemplo arriba citado, las plantas de maíz representan los productores primarios los cuales producen energía y materia orgánica requerida para sustentar el ecosistema mediante el proceso de fotosíntesis. En segundo lugar, los ratones, como así también otros organismos herbívoros, representan los consumidores primarios los cuales conforman el segundo nivel trófico de la cadena alimentaria. En tercer lugar, los animales carnívoros que se alimentan de consumidores primarios (como por ejemplo, aves rapaces) representan el tercer nivel trófico, y así sucesivamente niveles superiores en el caso que existan depredadores mayores en el ecosistema. Finalmente, bacterias y otros organismos (por ejemplo, hongos, lombrices, algunos insectos, etc) representan los descomponedores los cuales se alimentan de restos orgánicos en descomposición, transformándolos de este modo en compuestos inorgánicos que ingresan nuevamente al ecosistema.

Answer:

Crossing over

Explanation:

Prokaryotic cells are cells that do not possess a membrane bound nucleus to house their genetic material e.g bacteria while eukaryotic cells possess a membrane bound nucleus that houses their genetic material e.g plants.

One important characteristics of prokaryotic cells is that they do not undergo any form of sexual reproduction, hence, cannot undergo MEIOSIS, which only occurs in sexual reproducing organisms. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission.

Crossing over is a unique process that only occurs during meiosis. Since prokaryotic cells do not undergo meiosis, this means that crossing over is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells in this question.

Complete question:

Two species of closely related frogs are found in the same pond high in the Andes of South America. Both species only have teeth on the top jaw. One has small teeth for holding small live prey prior to swallowing. The other species has very large sharp teeth for injuring and killing large prey prior to biting off pieces of flesh for consumption. The above is an example of:

Answer:

Explanation:

Competition is an ecological and evolutive process very common in nature. Competition might be intra- or interspecific. Competition between different species in a community or ecosystem might be due to the same resource use, or the same territory, shelter, etcetera. When a resource is useful for two or more species, and limited, they compete to gain it.

The principle of competitive exclusion states that different species with the same requirements sharing the niche can not coexist indefinitely based on the same limited resource. When two competing species coexist, this is because of niche partitioning or niche differentiation.

Differentiation of effective niche is closely related to character displacement.

Character displacement is the result of interspecific competition, in which two or more species that live in the same habitat manage to avoid competition by developing different traits. Morphological divergence, or any adaptative trait development, fixated genetically, is the product of niche segregation. Species tend to differentiate morphologically in the presence of strong competitors. Traits divergence favors coexistence in the same place.

In the exposed example, both species live in the same pond. But to avoid competition and competitive exclusion, species developed different teeth sizes to feed on different prey items.  

Answer:

consumer

Explanation:

because we get things from living things

Answer: A summed electrical activity of all axons in the nerve

Explanation:

During the experiment with regards to the stimulation of the isolated sciatic nerve, a compound action potential is produced. It should be noted that this represents the summed electrical activity of all axons in the nerve.

Here, the summed electrical activity of all axons in the nerve represents the sum of the potentials that were recruited in the experiment.

A. hydrogen

Nearly all organic compounds also contain H atoms, which explains why plants need the H they get from water molecules through photosynthesis. Hydrogen ions are vital in both aiding proton gradients to help drive the electron transport chain in photosynthesis, and for plant respiration.

Answer:

carbon dioxide

Explanation:

because carbon dioxide is needed for respiration

Explanation:

The mecanism is termed as feedback inhibition.

Explanation:

In an enzyme catalyzed sequential reaction the end product of that reaction inhibits the activity of the activity of the enzyme catalyzing the ist step This type of  regulation is called Feed back regulation or feedback inhibition.

              The main function of human body is to maintain the homeostasis of the all the components it contains.When the end product of an ongoing enzyme catalzsed sequential reaction is produced in a high lebel at that time to maintain its own homeostatis that end product inhibits the functioning of the enzyme catalzsing the ist step of that biochemical reaction.

For Example Cytidine tri phosphate inhibits the activity of aspartate transcarbamoylase catalyzing the de novo biosynthesis pathway of pyrimidine metabolism.

Answer:

Chemical residue remain on the vegetation.

Explanation:

The negative effects of chemical control of weeds on rangelands is that the chemical residue remain on the vegetation in rangeland which is dangerous for animals that feed on vegetation because the chemicals are toxic that cause serious damaged. Sometime the chemical also damaged the  weeds as well as vegetation of rangelands and also kill the beneficial insects that is needed by the plants present in rangelands.

Answer:

trans

Explanation:

From the given information:

The study observes the genes present in mice for eye color and tail length. Since both genes are linked, it implies that they exist in the same chromosomes.

Black eyes is dominant over apricot eyes

Let Black eye be B and apricot eyes be b

Long tail is dominant over short tail

Let long tail be L and short tail be l

If double heterozygote(homoozygous-recessive) engage in the testcross

Then:

From the result given:

The parental combinations are:

Apricot eyes, Longtail  (bL / bl) =  33

Black eyes, Short tails (Bl / bl) = 30

The recombinant genes are:

Black eyes, Long tails (BL / bl) =  17

Apricot eyes, Short tails (bl / bl) = 20

The recombination frequency relates to the distance between the two genes which can be computed as:

= (20+17)/100

= 37%

Thus; the heterozygous parent is in trans arrangement.

Answer:

Explanation:

We can divide the nervous system into the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of all the nerves that are throughout the body carrying information from and to the central nervous system.

We divide the peripheral nervous system into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

The somatic nervous system is the conscious one, that is to say, that we know and control what it does. It is voluntary. It has motor and sensory neurons that carry information to and from the central nervous system. The somatic nervous system is the one that makes us move our muscles to do an action.

The autonomic nervous system is involuntary. In other words, we can not control it consciously. It is the one that controls glands, organs, and smooth muscle, like the one that surrounds the digestive tract to move the food. As we can not consciously control it, this system can work exiting or inhibiting an organ depending on the situation.

The  peripheral nervous system is simply divided into 2 types, which are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

SOMATIC

AUTONOMIC

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the simply known as the division of the nervous system that has all the nerves that is found outside of the central nervous system (CNS).

Its primary role is to connect the central nervous system to various organs such as the limbs, and skin.  simply divided into 2 types, which are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

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Answer: d) The ability of the bacteria to process nutrients.

Explanation:

Incomplete question.

Options,

a) Structure of the cell wall b) Bacterial morphology c) Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs d) The ability of the bacteria to process nutrients.

Gram staining is a type of differential staining to study bacteria, and is used to see cell morphology and to differentiate between gram-positive bacteria that appear violet and gram-negative bacteria that appear pink or red.

To perform the staining, fix the samples with methanol for one minute or heat and add a dye called crystal violet and wait one minute. Then rinse with water and add lugol for one minute. Then add acetone alcohol for 5-30 seconds. At this point, gram-negative bacteria discolor while gram-positive bacteria do not. After this, a contrast staining is performed by adding safranin or basic fuchsin for one minute. This stain will turn the gram-negative bacteria pinkish-reddish.

Crystal violet is a cationic dye that penetrates all bacteria through the bacterial wall. Lugol is a compound consisting of iodine and potassium iodide and acts as a mordant. The iodine enters the bacteria and forms an insoluble complex with the crystal violet, causing the crystal violet to bind more strongly to the bacterial cell wall. The added alcohol and acetone are used for decolorization, since the iodine/violet crystal complex is soluble in the alcohol and acetone. Thus, gram-positive bacteria do not decolorize, while gram-negative bacteria do.

A contrast stain such as safranin or fuchsin is used to highlight gram-negative cells. After contrast staining, gram-negative cells are pink or red, while gram-positive cells remain purple.

The wall of gram-positive bacteria consists of about forty layers of peptidoglycan which does not allow alcohol to pass through it because it is very thick, while that of gram-negative bacteria consists of a single layer of peptidoglycan. These differences cause gram-positive bacteria to retain the violet color and gram-negative bacteria to discolor.

So, with this type of staining we can certainly see the structure of the cell wall, because those that retain the violet dye even after treatment with a decolorant are gram-positive (many layers of peptodoglycan) and those that easily lose the first dye and take up the second are gram-negative (single layer). It also gives us an idea of the shape and morphology, which when stained will be visible under the microscope.

It also informs us about susceptibility to antibiotics, since some act only on gram-positive bacteria and others only on gram-negative bacteria. For example, gram-positive bacteria are sensitive to beta lactamase/penicillinase and gram-negative bacteria are susceptible to broad-spectrum penicillins such as piperacillin. However, this type of staining will not tell us about the bacteria's ability to process nutrients, because that is not a process related to the structure of the cell wall.

Answer:

Having 20% cholesterol in a membrane would reduce the fluidity.

Explanation:

At high temperatures, cholesterol stabilizes the membrane and increases the melting point.

The plasma membrane is the layer that surrounds the cell and is composed of cholesterol and phospholipid. The presence of cholesterol reduces the fluidity and transition.

The plasma membrane separates the exterior and the interior of the cell and through a semi-permeable nature allows the transport of the molecules. It is composed of phospholipids and cholesterol molecules.

The phase transition of the membrane is known by the change in the rigidity as it starts free-flowing at a high temperature called transition temperature.

In the presence of cholesterol, the movement and the fluidity reduce as it interferes with the fatty acid chain and now requires more temperature to convert the rigid structure to become fluid.

Therefore, membrane-containing cholesterol requires more temperature to modify the fluidity as compared to phospholipids alone.

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Answer:

Spoilage microbes produce acid

Explanation:

When food becomes spoiled or is unprotected, bacteria will invade the food. These types of bacteria are called spoilage bacteria. The bacteria will multiply by consuming the nutrients from the food and grows very rapidly. In certain conditions, the invading bacteria will produce acids that protects them and creates a barrier for other microbes. This acid is what gives spoiled food a sour taste.

Answer:

C. The cork in bulletin boards

Explanation:

Cork is made primarily from a plant called Quercus suber (the cork oak).

Answer:

A penicillin reaction is a life-threatening event. In those who are allergic to penicillin, the drug acts as a hapten that binds to blood proteins, causing a strong immune response.

Explanation:

Low molecular weight chemicals can bind to antibodies, but cannot activate B lymphocytes by themselves (they are not immunogenic). To generate specific antibodies to these small chemicals, immunologists typically bind them to macromolecules prior to immunization. In these cases, the chemical is called a hapten. Penicillin G is a typical hapten that tends to covalently bind to lysine residues both in solution and in protein-bound cells. Penicillin is a drug that behaves as a hapten, since the beta-lactam ring under physiological conditions opens and reacts with the lysine residues of proteins, forming a complex that is the main antigenic determinant of penicillin and other beta-lactams and is capable of to stimulate responses mediated by antibodies or by T cells.

Answer:

I think because of his health

Answer:

Length - meter (m)

Time - second (s)

Amount of substance - mole (mole)

Electric current - ampere (A)

Temperature - kelvin (K)

Luminous intensity - candela (cd)

Mass - kilogram (kg)

Explanation: in the chart above are the measurements in the si system.

Answer:

the differences in guard cell during day and night is;

1 guard cell during day it always stays with us or follow us

2 guard cell during night have to look after us like we are their children..

Answer:

Females of reproductive age lose iron through menstrual blood

Explanation:

Iron is an essential micronutrient involved in the formation of hemoglobin, myoglobin and many enzymatic groups. Moreover, hemochromatosis is a genetically inherited disorder caused by mutations in genes associated with the processes of absorption, transport and storage of iron. The excess of iron is stored in different organs (e.g., liver, heart, pancreas, etc), causing characteristic tissue damage. During each menstrual cycle, women and girls suffer a blood loss of approximately 40 ml, which is associated with an average loss of 1.6 mg of iron. In consequence, it is expected that women of reproductive age (ie, 15–49 years) lose iron during their menstrual periods, thereby avoiding iron overload caused by hemochromatosis.

The compound action potential increases in amplitude with an increase in stimulation voltage is due to recruitment of small diameter axons followed by large diameter axons in the nerve.

The part of a nerve cell (neuron) that transports nerve impulses away from the cell body is known as an axon. A neuron has one axon that connects it to other neurons, muscle cells, and gland cells.

Compound action potential measurement capabilities are built into cochlear implants and are used as objective measures during device setup and programming. Because the stimulus recruits many fibers simultaneously and synchronously, the response is called a compound action potential because it is the sum of the many potentials recruited.

The amplitude of the reaction is increased via summation and synchronous production, making detection possible. A variety of diagnostic methods include recording the electrical activity of peripheral nerve neurons. A second deflection will emerge in the displayed waveform when we gradually increase the stimulus voltage using the control knob on the stimulator.

hence, the correct answer is B.

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