Answer:
6.94
Explanation:
The total cost of materials is $172,000
The equivalent unit of production materials is 50,000
The total conversion costs are $105,000
The equivalent unit of production is 30,000
Therefore the total manufacturingg costs per unit can be calculated as follows
172,000/50,000
= 3.44
105,000/30,000
= 3.5
3.44+3.5
= 6.94
ctivity-Based Costing (ABC) is useful in: Select one: A. Breakdown COGS into DL, DM, and FOH B. Breaking down FOH more accurately into cost drivers C. Breaking down FOH into one overhead rate D. Breaking down DL and DM by product
Answer:
B. Breaking down FOH more accurately into cost drivers
Explanation:
In the case of activity based costing, the activity of the fixed cost should be breakdown based on the number of activity pools while the fixed cost should be breakdown as per the cost drivers. Also, there is more than one overhead rate existed. In addition to this, it is the method for distribution of the overhead with those firms who is able to used it
Therefore the option b is correct
Positive Messages and the Writing Process
Organizations exchange information internally and externally. External messages go to customers, vendors, the government, and other business partners. Internal messages travel upward to supervisors, downward to employees, and horizontally among workers. Understanding the different types of business messages and following the 3-x-3 writing process will help you write more effective professional messages. Match the message content area with the correct types of messages.
1. Sales pitches, requests for favors
2. Replies, goodwill messages, direct claims
3. Bad news, refusals
a. persuasive
b. positive
c. negative
Consider the scenario about a positive message:
Gilberto is composing an e-mail that explains the terms of a recent business transaction. He has determined the purpose of the message, analyzed his audience, and determined its reactions.
According to the 3-x-3 writing process, what actions make up his next steps?
a. Make a list of points to cover.
b. Plan for feedback.
c. Check for mechanical problems.
d. Collect information.
e. Compose the first draft.
While most business communication is now done electronically, there remain situations in which a business letter is most appropriate.
Messages delivered through business letters are less likely to reach_____than messages delivered through_____. Thus, business letters are more_____.
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
1a. Sales pitches, requests for favors: In this case, persuasive message should be used to convince the receiver to agree with the sender's viewpoint.
b. Replies, goodwill messages, direct claims: The positive message should be used as the main idea can be communicated directly before any other supporting information are provided.
c. Bad news, refusals: This scenario involves a negative messages and should therefore be written in an indirect manner. It should also be noted that a supporting message us given before the main message us written.
2. According to the 3-x-3 writing process, the actions that make up Gilberto next steps include
a. Make a list of points to cover.
d. Collect information.
e. Compose the first draft.
3. Messages delivered through business letters are less likely to reach (unintended recipients) than messages delivered through (email). Thus, business letters are more (confidential).
Roanoke Company produces chocolate bars. The primary materials used in producing chocolate bars are cocoa, sugar, and milk. The standard costs for a batch of chocolate (5,200 bars) are as follows:
Ingredient Quantity Price
Cocoa 400lbs. $1.25per lb.
Sugar 80lbs. $0.40per lb.
Milk 120gal. $2.50per gal.
Determine the standard direct materials cost per bar of chocolate. Round to two decimal places.
Answer:
$0.16
Explanation:
Particulars Quantity Price Amount
Cocoa 400 $1.25 $500
Sugar 80 $0.40 $32
Milk 120 $2.50 $300
Total $832
Standard direct materials cost per bar = Total amount / Number of bar
Standard direct materials cost per bar = $832 / 5,200 bars
Standard direct materials cost per bar = $0.16
Stock Z is trading at $50 today. In one year, the value will go either up to $62.50 or down to $40. A call option on Z with exactly one year to expiration has a strike price of $55. Inflation is high, so the interest rate is 10% per year. Find the delta of the call option using binomial approach. a. 0.25 b. 0.67 c. 1.05 d. 0.33
Answer:
0.33
Explanation:
Delta = (Cu – Cd)/(Su – Sd)Cu
= 62.50 – 55 = 7.50
Cd = 0
Delta = (7.50 – 0)/(62.50 – 40)
= 0.33
What is the answer to this question? B or C?
Answer:B
Explanation: everything had a code of ethics.
In the process of conversion from the equity method to the fair value method, the earnings or losses that the investor previously recognized under the equity method should
Answer: remain as a part of the carrying amount of the investment
Explanation:
Equity method is simply the process whereby investments are treated in associate companies. It usually occurs when the investor entity holds about twenty to fifty percent of the voting stock of the other company.
It should be noted that in a process of conversion from the equity method to the fair value method, the earnings or losses that the investor previously recognized under the equity method should remain as a part of the carrying amount of the investment.
A company must repay the bank $10,000 cash in three years for a loan. The loan agreement specifies 8% interest compounded annually. The present value factor for three years at 8% is 0.7938. How much cash did the company receive from the bank on the day they borrowed this money?
A. $12,400.
B. $9,200.
C. $7,938.
D. $7,600.
E. $10,000.
Answer: C. $7,938
Explanation:
This is a straightforward question. From the question, we are informed that a company must repay the bank $10,000 cash in three years for a loan and that the loan agreement specifies 8% interest compounded annually and we are given the present value factor for three years at 8% is 0.7938.
Therefore, the amount of cash that the company receive from the bank on the day they borrowed this money will be:
= $10000 × Present value factor at 8%
= $10000 × 0.7938
= $7938
Blade Breeze Company manufactures ceiling fans and uses an activity-based costing system. Each ceiling fan has 20 separate parts. The direct materials cost is $70, and each ceiling fan requires 2.50 hours of machine time to manufacture. Additional information is as follows:
Activity Allocation Base Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate
Materials handling Number of parts $ 0.08
Machining Machine hours 7.20
Assembling Number of parts 0.35
Packaging Number of finished units 2.80
What is the cost of machining per ceiling fan? (Round any intermediate calculations and your final answer to the nearest cent.)
A) $18.00
B) $70.00
C) $144.00
D) $196.00
Answer:
Machining= $18
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Each ceiling fan requires 2.50 hours of machine time to manufacture.
Machining Machine hours 7.20
To calculate the cost of machining per ceiling fan, we need to use the following formula:
Allocated MOH= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate* Actual amount of allocation base
Machining= 2.5*7.2
Machining= $18
what is GDP of a country
Answer:
Gross Domestic Products (GDP) is a measure of the total market value of all finished goods and services made within a country during a specific period.
Explanation:
GDP is an acronym for Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and it can be defined as a measure of the total market value of all finished goods and services made within a country during a specific period.
Simply stated, GDP is a measure of the total income of all individuals in an economy and the total expenses incurred on the economy's output of goods and services in a particular country.
On a related note, Gross Domestic Products (GDP) is a measure of the production levels of any nation.
Basically, the four (4) major expenditure categories of GDP are;
I. Consumption (C).
II. Investment (I).
III. Government purchases (G).
IV. Net exports (N).
In conclusion, GDP is a measure of the total amount of finished goods and services produced by a country.
Janice has been invited to appear on a home improvement show for the remodel of her summerhouse in Maine. Janice asks Mary to wallpaper her house in anticipation of the home improvement, and requests expensive custom wallpaper and a very intricate design application, for which the wallpaper would cost $5000, plus labor. Mary, excited for a very large job for her solo business, orders the intricate wallpaper and blocks off her calendar for the amount of time it will take to complete the job. After the paper has been ordered, Mary asks some friends to be available to complete the job in time for the show. Janice is informed that she will not be on the show and notifies Mary that she will not need the wallpaper.
a. Does Mary have a case for re-imbursement?
b. Under what legal theory might she prevail and what are her damages, if any?
c. What ethical theories might be applicable?
Answer:
sorry I don't know.
Explanation:
Yes, Mary has a legal cause of reimbursement Under the legal theory of ethical violation.
What is ethical violation?A documented company's code of ethics, mission, vision, values, and culture are violated when something is spoken, published, or done that does so. Additionally, we are aware that moral transgressions laugh in the face of accepted social norms.
Most business professionals' ethical conduct is governed by codes of conduct. Business infractions including discrimination, safety issues, or poor working conditions are most frequently observed.
Additionally, fraud, theft, and conflicts of interest. Many of these cross the line into illegal territory that is dealt with outside the corporation and are not merely morally bad.
Customers may be charged for services they did not receive when there is improper or fraudulent billing. This occurs most frequently in professions where the person who pays the bill is different from the person who received the services.
Due to the frequency of this particular ethical breach, many insurance companies have started providing consumers with a list of services that may fall under this category, enticing them to report any irregularities.
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Purple Cab Company had 70,000 shares of common stock outstanding on January 1, 2021. On April 1, 2021, the company issued 40,000 shares of common stock. The company had outstanding fully vested incentive stock options for 7,000 shares exercisable at $12 that had not been exercised by its executives. The average market price of common stock was $14. The company reported net income in the amount of $289,915 for 2021. What is the basic earnings per share (rounded)
Answer:
Purple Cab Company
The basic earnings per share is:
= $2.64 per share.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
January 1, 2021, Outstanding common stock shares = 70,000
April 1, 2021, Issue of new common stock shares = 40,000
December, 31, 2021, Outstanding common stock shares = 110,000
Outstanding fully vested incentive stock options = 7,000
Exercise price of options = $12
Common stock market price = $14
Reported net income = $289,915
The basic earnings per share = $ (Net income/Outstanding common stock)
= $289,915/110,000
= $2.64 per share
b) The basic earnings per share does not include the fully vested incentive stock options. It is only when calculating the diluted earnings per share that the stock options will be included.
The Chiemsee Knee Replacement Clinic (CKRC) is a sports clinic located at the northern edge of the German Alps. It specializes in knee replacements for skiers who come to CKRC from Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. The clinic currently has one operating room (OR). However, since the clinic has dramatically more demand than capacity, the management team contemplates investing in a second OR. A lean consulting firm, however, suggests that before going ahead with installing new capacity, the clinic should first look at how it uses its existing capacity. The data collected by the consulting firm reveal that:
The OR is available for 12 hours a day; the hospital has decided to not perform any procedures between 7pm and 7am. This time is equally divided across three surgeons.
The standard procedure time for the knee surgery done at the clinic is 1h.
The cleaning and housekeeping that needs to happen after each procedure takes 20 minutes. Almost all of this time could be saved if the cleaning crew were notified earlier on.
10 minutes are spent on patient preparation / anesthesia work before each procedure. (Note: this is not part of the 60-minute procedure time). Proposals have been evaluated to move these 10 minutes to outside the OR, and there exists no medical reason that would prohibit doing this.)
A surgeon only starts a case if all of the work associated with the case (preparation, procedure, and cleaning) can be completed in the 4h allotted to each surgeon. Surgeons never start BEFORE their allotted time.
Though the clinic aims to operate 7 days a week, holidays, vacation, and construction time lead to an average of one day a week that the OR cannot be used at all.
What is the OEE of the operating room? Assume a 12h window in which the OR could be used.
The OEE of the Operating Room is 34.8%.
Operating Room Overall Equipment EffectivenessTo calculate the OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) of the OR, you need to consider three factors: availability, performance, and quality.
Availability: The OR is available for 12 hours a day, but there is a 1 hour window between 7pm and 7am when it is not used. Additionally, there is an average of one day a week when the OR cannot be used at all. Therefore, the availability is:(12 hours - 1 hour) / 12 hours * 7 days/week - 1 day/week = 0.92 or 92%
Performance: The standard procedure time for the knee surgery is 1 hour, and 10 minutes are spent on patient preparation and anesthesia work. The cleaning and housekeeping takes 20 minutes, and a surgeon only starts a case if all of the work can be completed in the 4 hours allotted to each surgeon. Therefore, the performance is:1 hour + 10 minutes + 20 minutes = 1 hour and 30 minutes / 4 hours = 0.375 or 37.5%
Quality: Quality is not mentioned in the data provided, so it is assumed to be 100%.To calculate OEE, you need to multiply availability, performance, and quality:
OEE = availability * performance * quality = 0.92 * 0.375 * 1 = 0.348 or 34.8%
So, the OEE of the OR is 34.8%.
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On April 1, a company established a $150 petty cash fund. On April 15, the petty cash fund contains $5 in cash and the following paid petty cash receipts: Petty Cash Receipts Amount Advertising Expense $29.00 Gasoline Expense38.00 Miscellaneous Expense 50.00 Office Supplies 25.00 Prepare the general journal entries to (1) establish the petty cash fund, to (2) reimburse the fund, and to (3) increase its amount to $200 on April 15.
1. General journal entries to establish the petty cash fund
Date Account titles Debit Credit
April 1 Petty cash $150
Cash $150
2. General journal entries to reimburse the fund
Date Account titles Debit Credit
April 15 Advertising Expense $29.00
Gasoline Expense $38.00
Miscellaneous Expense $50.00
Office Supplies $25.00
Cash over and short $3
Cash ($150-$5) $145
3. General journal entries to increase its amount to $200 on April 15.
Date Account title s Debit Credit
April 15 Petty cash ($200-$150) $50
Cash $50
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Your team is working hard to develop a strategy to serve a new client. Which of the following actions is most important to ensuring an effective strategy is chosen?
a. Suggest that each proposed strategy be evaluated against a set of key objectives.
b. Invite the client into a meeting to shape the strategy.
c. Conduct a benchmarking survey of similar clients to determine best strategy.
d. Ask the team member with the most industry-related experience to lead the process.
Answer:
b. Invite the client into a meeting to shape the strategy.
Explanation:
It is very important when we invited the client for meeting so that we are able to share the strategy as the open and loose could be discussed in a proper way and in easy way also the suggestions are also welcome. In addition to this, the strategy should be taken place as per the preferences, requirements and choices of the clients
Therefore the option b is correct
The accounting records of Jamaican Importers, Inc., at January 1, 2021, included the following: Assets: Investment in IBM common shares $ 1,345,000 Less: Fair value adjustment (145,000) $ 1,200,000 No changes occurred during 2021 in the investment portfolio.
Prepare appropriate adjusting entry(s) at December 31, 2021, assuming the fair value of the IBM common shares was:_____.
1, $ 1,175,000
2, $ 1,275,000
3, $ 1,375,00
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
The appropriate adjusting entry(s) at December 31, 2021, given the fair value of the IBM common shares are represented below:
1. 31, December 2021
Dr Unrealized holding gain or loss - NI $25,000
Cr To Fair value adjustment $25,000
(To record adjustment to fair value)
2. 31, December 2021
Dr Fair value adjustment $75,000
Cr To Unrealized holding gain or loss - NI $75,000
(To record adjustment to fair value)
3. 31, December 2021
Dr Fair value adjustment $175,000
Cr To Unrealized holding gain or loss - NI $175,000
(To record adjustment to fair value)
A buyer’s agent represents the buyer, and the seller’s agent represents the broker true or false?
Answer: False
Explanation:
seller is not represent broker
the financial statements for banana company include the following items: 20x9 20x8 cash $51,500 $50,000 short-term investments 25,000 15,000 net accounts receivable 53,000 50,000 merchandise inventory 163,000 50,000 total assets 532,000 554,000 accounts payable 131,500 124,000 salaries payable 25,000 13,000 long-term note payable 59,000 53,000 compute the current ratio for 20x8. group of answer choices
Answer:
1000,$5000maaf kalo salah
EcoFabrics has budgeted overhead costs of $1,162,350. It has allocated overhead on a plantwide basis to its two products (wool and cotton) using direct labor hours which are estimated to be 553,500 for the current year. The company has decided to experiment with activity-based costing and has created two activity cost pools and related activity cost drivers. These two cost pools are cutting (cost driver is machine hours) and design (cost driver is number of setups). Overhead allocated to the cutting cost pool is $442,800 and $719,550 is allocated to the design cost pool. Additional information related to these pools is as follows.
Wool Cotton Total
Machine hours 123,000 123,000 246,000
Number of setups 1,230 615 1,845
1. Calculate the overhead rate using activity based costing. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25.)
2. Determine the amount of overhead allocated to the wool product line and the cotton product line using activity-based costing.
3. Calculate the overhead rate using traditional approach. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25.)
4. What amount of overhead would be allocated to the wool and cotton product lines using the traditional approach, assuming direct labor hours were incurred evenly between the wool and cotton?
Answer:
EcoFabrics
1. Overhead Rates using activity-based costing:
Cutting = $1.80 per machine hour
Design = $390 per setup
2. Allocation of overhead:
Wool Cotton
Cutting $221,400 $221,400
Design 479,700 239,850
Total allocated $701,100 $461,250
3. Overhead rate using the traditional approach:
Predetermined overhead rate = $2.10
4. Allocation of overhead:
Wool Cotton
Total allocated $581,175 $581,175
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Budgeted overhead costs = $1,162,350
Estimated direct labor hours = 553,500
Activity Cost Cost Drivers Overhead Costs Wool Cotton Total
Pools
Cutting Machine hours $442,800 123,000 123,000 246,000
Design Number of setups 719,550 1,230 615 1,845
1. Overhead Rates using activity-based costing:
Cutting = $1.80 ($442,800/246,000) per machine hour
Design = $390 ($719,550/1,845) per setup
2. Allocation of overhead:
Wool Cotton
Cutting $221,400 ($1.80 * 123,000) $221,400 ($1.80 * 123,000)
Design 479,700 ($390 * 1,230) 239,850 ($390 * 615)
Total allocated $701,100 $461,250
3. Overhead rate using the traditional approach:
Predetermined overhead rate = $2.10 ($1,162,350/553,500)
4. Allocation of overhead:
Wool Cotton
Total allocated $581,175 ($1,162,350 * 50%) $581,175 ($1,162,350 * 50%)
An overhead variance report includes which of the followings: _________
a. Variable and fixed flexible budget costs
b. Variable and fixed actual results
c. Variable and fixed sales results
d. Variable and fixed variances
Answer: a. Variable and fixed flexible budget costs
Explanation:
An overhead variance report shows the difference between the overhead that was actually incurred to either produce or sell vs the overhead that was budgeted.
Overhead can either be fixed or variable so an overhead report will include both fixed and variable budgeted costs which will then be compared to fixed and variable actual overhead costs.
Budgeted Actual Overhead cost $909,000 $884,000 Machine hours 55,000 46,000 Direct labor hours 101,000 98,000 Overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor hours. (a) Compute the predetermined overhead rate. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25.)
Answer:
Missing word "(b) Determine the amount of overhead applied for the year?"
1. Predetermined overhead rate = Budgeted overhead / Budgeted direct labor hours
Predetermined overhead rate = $909,000 / 101,000
Predetermined overhead rate = $9 per DLH
2. Overhead applied = Actual hours * Overhead rate
Overhead applied = 98,000 * $9 per DLH
Overhead applied = $882,000
The cost of equity is ________. the interest associated with debt the rate of return required by investors to incentivize them to invest in a company the weighted average cost of capital equal to the amount of asset turnover
Answer:
If an = 3n - 2 , find a2
Explanation:
If an = 3n - 2 , find a2If an = 3n - 2 , find a2
There are two preferred methods to accessing the database. One is to have newly instantiated object call the data access object. The other is to let the controller access the data access object.
a. True
b. False
You made an investment of $15,000 into an account that paid you an annual interest rate of 3.8 percent for the first 8 years and 8.2 percent for the next 10 years. What was your annual rate of return over the entire 18 years
Answer: 6.22%
Explanation:
To find the annual rate of return, find the geometric mean of the returns:
= ¹⁸√ (1 + 3.8%)⁸ * (1 + 8.2%)¹⁰ - 1
= ¹⁸√ 2.9638173484126186153 - 1
= 1.0622187633434 - 1
= 6.22%
Use the following information about the current year's operations of a company to calculate the cash paid for merchandise.
Cost of goods sold……………………………….. $ 735,000
Merchandise inventory, January 1………………. 84,700
Merchandise inventory, December 31…………… 82,400
Accounts payable, January 1……………………. 54,500
Accounts payable, December 31……………….. 60,200
Answer:
$727,000
Explanation:
Calculation of cash paid for merchandise
Cost of goods sold
$735,000
Add:
Merchandise inventory, December 31
$82,400
Less:
Merchandise inventory, January 1
($84,700)
Purchases during the period
$732,700
Add:
Accounts payable, January 1
$54,500
Less:
Accounts payable, December 31
($60,200)
Cash paid for merchandise
$727,000
Zachary Electronics currently produces the shipping containers it uses to deliver the electronics products it sells. The monthly cost of producing 9,100 containers follows. Unit-level materials $ 6,400 Unit-level labor 6,400 Unit-level overhead 3,800 Product-level costs* 8,400 Allocated facility-level costs 28,000 *One-third of these costs can be avoided by purchasing the containers. Russo Container Company has offered to sell comparable containers to Zachary for $2.70 each. Required Calculate the total relevant cost. Should Zachary continue to make the containers
Answer:
Zachary Electronics
Zachary should continue to make the containers. It is cheaper to make than to buy from Russo Container Company.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Production units = 9,100 containers
Unit-level materials $ 6,400
Unit-level labor 6,400
Unit-level overhead 3,800
Total unit-level costs $16,600
Product-level costs* 8,400
Allocated facility-level costs 28,000
Relevant or avoidable costs:
Unit-level materials $ 6,400
Unit-level labor 6,400
Unit-level overhead 3,800
Total unit-level costs $16,600
Product-level costs* 2,800 ($8,400 * 1/3)
Total relevant costs = $19,400 (to make)
Relevant cost to buy:
Offer from Russo Container company = $2.70 per container
Total cost from outside supplier = $24,500 ($2.70 * 9,100)
Bob has saved $30 per week to buy a new Blu-ray player. He compares two different models: a Panaview that is priced at $130 and a Zony model that is priced at $140. Bob decides to purchase the Zony Blu-ray player for $140. Identify what role money plays in each of the following parts of the story.
a. Sean can easily determine that the Panaview model has a lower price than the Zony model.
b. Sean saved $30 per week.
c. Sean pays $140 for the Blu-ray player.
Answer and Explanation:
The categorization is as follows:
a. It is a unit of account as it determined the panaview model along with the zony model plus the comparison is also there
b. It is the store of value because the saving should be the similar value over the time
c. It is the medium of exchange as he has purchased the player where the money is exchanged with the product
In this way it should be categorized
Mitch and Jennifer have adjusted gross income of $125,000 and they have not planned for their children's education. Their children are ages 17 and 18 and the parents anticipate paying $20,000 per year, per children for education expenses. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation to pay for the children's education?
A) 529 Savings Plan
B) PLUS Loan
C) Pell Grant
D) Coverdell ESA
Answer: B) PLUS Loan
Explanation:
Seeing as they did not plan ahead and the children are about to start school, the best option they have is a loan. In light of that, they should go for a Parent Loan for Undergraduate Students (PLUS) loan.
A PLUS loan is provided by the Federal government to parents to help them pay for the tuition fees of their children at undergraduate level. It has a lower interest rate but is only given to people whose credit history are not to bad.
TB MC Qu. 08-156 Fortune Drilling Company acquires... Fortune Drilling Company acquires a mineral deposit at a cost of $5,900,000. It incurs additional costs of $600,000 to access the deposit, which is estimated to contain 2,000,000 tons and is expected to take 5 years to extract. What journal entry would be needed to record the expense for the first year assuming 418,000 tons were mined
Answer:
Fortune Drilling Company
Journal Entry:
Debit Depletion Expense $1,350,000
Credit Accumulated Depletion $1,350,000
To record the first year's expense.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Acquisition cost of mineral deposit = $5,900,000
Additional costs incurred = $600,000
Total costs of mine = $6,500,000
Estimated mineral deposit = 2,000,000 tons
Estimated years of extraction = 5 years
First year's extraction quantity = 418,000
Expenses for the first year = 418,000/2,000,000 * $6,500,000
= $1,350,000
Analysis:
Depletion Expense $1,350,000 Accumulated Depletion $1,350,000
Have you ever financed anything on a short term or long term arrangement?
Answer:
Financing is a very important part of every business. Firms often need financing to pay for their assets, equipment, and other important items. Financing can be either long-term or short-term. As is obvious, long-term financing is more expensive as compared to short-term financing.
There are different vehicles through which long-term and short-term financing is made available. This chapter deals with the major vehicles of both types of financing.
Explanation:
Long-Term Financing
Long-term financing is usually needed for acquiring new equipment, R&D, cash flow enhancement, and company expansion. Some of the major methods for long-term financing are discussed below.
Equity Financing
Equity financing includes preferred stocks and common stocks. This method is less risky in respect to cash flow commitments. However, equity financing often results in dissolution of share ownership and it also decreases earnings.
The cost associated with equity is generally higher than the cost associated with debt, which is again a deductible expense. Therefore, equity financing can also result in an enhanced hurdle rate that may cancel any reduction in the cash flow risk.
Corporate Bond
A corporate bond is a special kind of bond issued by any corporation to collect money effectively in an aim to expand its business. This tern is usually used for long-term debt instruments that generally have a maturity date after one year after their issue date at the minimum.
Short-Term Financing
Short-term financing with a time duration of up to one year is used to help corporations increase inventory orders, payrolls, and daily supplies. Short-term financing can be done using the following financial instruments −
Commercial Paper
Commercial Paper is an unsecured promissory note with a pre-noted maturity time of 1 to 364 days in the global money market. Originally, it is issued by large corporations to raise money to meet the short-term debt obligations.
It is backed by the bank that issues it or by the corporation that promises to pay the face value on maturity. Firms with excellent credit ratings can sell their commercial papers at a good price.
Asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) is collateralized by other financial assets. ABCP is a very short-term instrument with 1 and 180 days’ maturity from issuance. ACBCP is typically issued by a bank or other financial institution.
Promissory Note
It is a negotiable instrument where the maker or issuer makes an issue-less promise in writing to pay back a pre-decided sum of money to the payee at a fixed maturity date or on demand of the payee, under specific terms.
Calculate the total Social Security and Medicare tax burden on a sole proprietorship earning 2020 profit of $300,000, assuming a single sole proprietor with no other earned income.
Answer: $25,802.70
Explanation:
Social security
Social security rates in 2020 for a single sole proprietor is 12.40% on the first $137,700:
= 12.40% * 300,000
= $17,074.80
Medicare Tax
First you need to remove a deduction of 7.65% from the income:
= 300,000 * (1 - 7.65%)
= $277,050
Medicare tax is 2.90% of this adjusted amount in addition to 0.9% for any amount above $200,000:
= (2.90% * 277,050) + (0.9% * (277,050 - 200,000))
= 8,034.45 + 693.45
= $8,727.90
Total Social security and Medicare:
= 17,074.80 + 8,727.9
= $25,802.70
