Solution :
Given :
[tex]$H(S) =\frac{2S-2}{S^2+\left(\frac{10}{3}\right) S+1}$[/tex]
Transfer function, [tex]$H(S) =\frac{Y(S)}{K(S)}= \frac{2S-2}{S^2+\left(\frac{10}{3}\right) S+1}$[/tex]
[tex]$Y(S) \left(S^2+\frac{10}{3}S+1\right) = (2S-2) \times (S)$[/tex]
[tex]$S^2Y(S) + \frac{10}{3}(SY(S)) + Y(S) = 2(S \times (S)) - 2 \times (S)$[/tex]
Apply Inverse Laplace Transforms,
[tex]$\frac{d^2y(t)}{dt^2} + \frac{10}{3} \frac{dy(t)}{dt} + y(t)=2 \frac{dx(t)}{dt} - 2x(t)$[/tex]
The above equation represents the differential equation of transfer function.
Given : [tex]$x(t)=e^{-t} u(t) \Rightarrow X(S) = \frac{1}{S+1}$[/tex]
We have : [tex]$H(S) =\frac{Y(S)}{K(S)}= \frac{2S-2}{S^2+\left(\frac{10}{3}\right) S+1}$[/tex]
[tex]$Y(S) = X(S) \times \frac{6S-6}{3S^2+10 S + 3} = \frac{6S-6}{(S+1)(3S+1)(S+3)}$[/tex]
[tex]$Y(S) = \frac{A}{S+1}+\frac{B}{3S+1} + \frac{C}{S+3}[/tex]
[tex]$A = Lt_{S \to -1} (S+1)Y(S)=\frac{6S-6}{(3S+1)(S+3)} = \frac{-6-6}{(-3+1)(-1+3)} = 3$[/tex]
[tex]$B = Lt_{S \to -1/3} (3S+1)Y(S)=\frac{6S-6}{(S+1)(S+3)} = \frac{-6/3-6}{(1/3+1)(-1/3+3)} = \frac{-9}{2}$[/tex]
[tex]$C = Lt_{S \to -3} (S+3)Y(S)=\frac{6S-6}{(S+1)(3S+1)} = \frac{-18-6}{(-3+1)(-9+1)} = \frac{-3}{2}$[/tex]
So,
[tex]$Y(S) = \frac{3}{S+1} - \frac{9/2}{3S+1} - \frac{3/2}{S+3}$[/tex]
[tex]$=\frac{3}{S+1} - \frac{3/2}{S+1/3} - \frac{3/2}{S+3}$[/tex]
Applying Inverse Laplace Transform,
[tex]$y(t) = 3e^{-t}u(t)-\frac{3}{2}e^{-t/3}u(t) - \frac{3}{2}e^{-3t} u(t)$[/tex]
[tex]$=\frac{-3}{2}e^{-\frac{1}{3}t}u(t) + \frac{3}{1}e^{-t}u(t)-\frac{3}{2}e^{-3t} u(t)$[/tex]
where, a = 2
b = 1
c= 2
Consider the equation y = 10^(4x). Which of the following statements is true?
A plot of log(y) vs. x would be linear with a slope of 4.
A plot of log(y) vs. log (x) would be linear with a slope of 10.
A plot of log(y) vs. x would be linear with a slope of 10.
A plot of y vs. log(x) would be linear with a slope of 4.
A plot of log(y) vs. log (x) would be linear with a slope of 4.
A plot of y vs. log(x) would be linear with a slope of 10.
Answer: Plot of [tex]\log y[/tex] vs [tex]x[/tex] would be linear with a slope of 4.
Explanation:
Given
Equation is [tex]y=10^{4x}[/tex]
Taking log both sides
[tex]\Rightarrow \log y=4x\log (10)\\\Rightarrow \log y=4x[/tex]
It resembles with linear equation [tex]y=mx+c[/tex]
Here, slope of [tex]\log y[/tex] vs [tex]x[/tex] is 4.
If there is a discrepancy between Chick-fil-A food safety requirements and local Health Department
regulations, what should Team Member do?
The following should be done by the team member:
It is important to follow both Chick-fil-A food safety requirements and local Health Department regulations. In the case when there is a discrepancy between the two, always follow the more stringent requirement. Any other appearance or grooming issue not covered in these materials may be addressed at the discretion of the Operator.
Learn more: brainly.com/question/17429689
) Please label the following statements as either True (T) or False (F). (a) In general, the greater the % of cold work, the smaller the recrystallization grain size. (b) The higher the annealing temperature, the smaller the recrystallization grain size. (c) The greater the % of cold work, the lower the recrystallization temperature.
Answer:
A. This option is true
B. This option is false
C. This option is true
Explanation:
A. Generally speaking, the greater percentage of cold, the recrystallization grain size would turn out to be smaller. Therefore this true.
B. A higher annealing temperature does not result in smaller recrystallization grain size. Therefore this is false.
C. As the percentage of cold work is greater, the recrystallization temperature would tend to be lower. Therefore this is true.
Given that the system function of a third order Butterworth type analog low-pass filter with a 3 dB cut-off frequency of 2 radian/second is:
2s HS = S2 + 0.2 s +1
Answer the following questions:
1. Use the bilinear transformation to obtain H(z). Use T=2 second.
2. Give H(w) for your filter.
3. Use MATLAB to give the magnitude spectrum.
4. Comment on the quality of the design.
5. With the aid of simple sketch graphs explain how frequency warping affects the frequency response of the digital filter.
6. Comment on the need for prewarping, i.e. give conditions when prewarping is needed.
answer
d just too the test
Page Title
Submit
Add a pair of radio buttons to your form, each nested in its own label element.
One should have the option of car and the other should have the option of bike.
Both should share the name attribute of “vehicle” to create a radio group
Make sure the radio buttons are nested with the form
Make sure that the name attributes appear after the type
Answer:
The code is as follows:
<form name = "myForm">
<div>
<input type="radio" name="vehicle" value="D0" id="D0"/>
<label for="D0">Car</label>
</div>
<div>
<input type="radio" name="vehicle" value="D1" id="D1"/>
<label for="D1">Bike</label>
</div>
</form>
Explanation:
This defines the first button
<input type="radio" name="vehicle" value="D0" id="D0"/>
<label for="D0">Car</label>
This defines the second button
<input type="radio" name="vehicle" value="D1" id="D1"/>
<label for="D1">Bike</label>
The code is self-explanatory, as it follows all the required details in the question
On a two-way roadway with a center lane, drivers from either direction can _________ from the center lane.
A circular rod with a gage length of 3.1 m and a diameter of 3 cm is subjected to an axial load of 68 kN . If the modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa , what is the change in length
Answer:
1.49 mm
Explanation:
The modulus of elasticity, Y = stress/strain = σ/ε
σ = F/A where F = load = 68 kN = 68 × 10³ N and A = cross-sectional area of rod = πd²/4 where d = diameter of rod = 3 cm = 3 × 10⁻² m.
ε = ΔL/L where ΔL = change in length of the circular rod and L = length of circular rod = 3.1 ,
So, Y = σ/ε
Y = F/A ÷ ΔL/L
Y = FL/AΔL
making the change in length ΔL subject of the formula, we have
ΔL = FL/AY
substituting the value of A into the equation, we have
So, ΔL = FL/(πd²/4)Y
ΔL = 4FL/πd²Y
Since Y = 200 GPa = 200 × 10⁹ Pa
Substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have
ΔL = 4FL/πd²Y
ΔL = 4 × 68 × 10³ N × ×3.1 m/[π(3 × 10⁻²m)² × 200 × 10⁹ Pa]
ΔL = 843.2 × 10³ Nm/[9π × 10⁻⁴m² × 200 × 10⁹ Pa]
ΔL = 843.2 × 10³ Nm/[1800π × 10⁵ N]
ΔL = 843.2 × 10³ Nm/5654.87 × 10⁵ N
ΔL = 0.149 × 10⁻² m
ΔL = 1.49 × 10⁻³ m
ΔL = 1.49 mm
The change in length of the circular rod is 1.49 mm
Calculate density, specific weight and weight of one litter of petrol having specific gravity 0.7
Explanation:
mass=19kg
density=800kg/m³
volume=?
as we know that
density=mass/volume
density×volume=mass
volume=mass/density
putting the values
volume=19kg/800kg/m³
so volume=0.02375≈0.02m³
6. When the engine stalls or the power unit fails, on a car with power
brakes, the service brake pedal will
A. Take about the same amount of pressure
B. Take more pressure to stop
C. Take less pressure to stop
D. Become locked in place and no longer help stop the car
g Steel plates (AISI 1010) of 4 cm thickness initially at a uniform temperature of 500 deg C are cooled by air at 50 deg C with a convection coefficient of 30 W-m2-K-1. Estimate the time it will take for their midplane temperature to reach 100 deg C.
Solution :
Characteristic length = thickness / 2
[tex]$=\frac{0.04}{2}$[/tex]
= 0.02 m
Thermal conductivity for steel is 42.5 W/m.K
[tex]$\text{Biot number} = \frac{\text{convective heat transfer coefficient} \times \text{characteristic length}}{\text{thermal conductivity}}$[/tex]
[tex]$=\frac{30 \times 0.02}{42.5}$[/tex]
= 0.014
Since the Biot number is less than 0.01, the lumped system analysis is applicable.
[tex]$\frac{T-T_{\infty}}{T_0-T_{\infty}} = e^{-b\times t}$[/tex]
Where,
T = temperature after t time
[tex]$T_{\infty}$[/tex] = surrounding temperature
[tex]$T_0$[/tex] = initial temperature
[tex]$b=\frac{\text{heat transfer coefficient}}{\text{density} \times {\text{specific heat } \times \text{characteristic length }}}$[/tex]
t = time
We calculate B:
[tex]$b=\frac{30}{7833 \times 460 \times 0.02}$[/tex]
= 0.000416
Thus, [tex]$\frac{100-50}{500-50}=e^{-0.00416 \times t}$[/tex]
t = 5281.78 second
= 88.02 minutes
Thus the time taken for reaching 100 degree Celsius is 88.02 minutes.
it is a small sharp and printed item for fine worker in trimming scallops clipping threads and cutting large eyelets
Answer:
embroidery scissor
Explanation:
is small, sharp and pointed good for fine work use trimming scallops,clipping threads,and cutting large eyelets.
hope this helps
If a heat engine has an efficiency of 30% and its power output is 600 W, what is the rate of heat input from the combustion phase
Answer:
The heat input from the combustion phase is 2000 watts.
Explanation:
The energy efficiency of the heat engine ([tex]\eta[/tex]), no unit, is defined by this formula:
[tex]\eta = \frac{\dot W}{\dot Q}[/tex] (1)
Where:
[tex]\dot Q[/tex] - Heat input, in watts.
[tex]\dot W[/tex] - Power output, in watts.
If we know that [tex]\dot W = 600\,W[/tex] and [tex]\eta = 0.3[/tex], then the heat input from the combustion phase is:
[tex]\eta = \frac{\dot W}{\dot Q}[/tex]
[tex]\dot Q = \frac{\dot W}{\eta}[/tex]
[tex]\dot Q = \frac{600\,W}{0.3}[/tex]
[tex]\dot Q = 2000\,W[/tex]
The heat input from the combustion phase is 2000 watts.
An industrial load with an operating voltage of 480/0° V is connected to the power system. The load absorbs 120 kW with a lagging power factor of 0.77. Determine the size of the capacitor in vars that is necessary to raise the power factor to 0.9 lagging.
Answer:
[tex]Q=41.33 KVAR\ \\at\\\ 480 Vrms[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Voltage [tex]V=480/0 \textdegree V[/tex]
Power [tex]P=120kW[/tex]
Initial Power factor [tex]p.f_1=0.77 lagging[/tex]
Final Power factor [tex]p.f_2=0.9 lagging[/tex]
Generally the equation for Reactive Power is mathematically given by
Q=P(tan \theta_2-tan \theta_1)
Since
[tex]p.f_1=0.77[/tex]
[tex]cos \theta_1 =0.77[/tex]
[tex]\theta_1=cos^{-1}0.77[/tex]
[tex]\theta_1=39.65 \textdegree[/tex]
And
[tex]p.f_2=0.9[/tex]
[tex]cos \theta_2 =0.9[/tex]
[tex]\theta_2=cos^{-1}0.9[/tex]
[tex]\theta_2=25.84 \textdegree[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]Q=P(tan 25.84 \textdegree-tan 39.65 \textdegree)[/tex]
[tex]Q=120*10^3(tan 25.84 \textdegree-tan 39.65 \textdegree)[/tex]
[tex]Q=-41.33VAR[/tex]
Therefore
The size of the capacitor in vars that is necessary to raise the power factor to 0.9 lagging is
[tex]Q=41.33 KVAR\ \\at\\\ 480 Vrms[/tex]
a) Complete the following methods description using the correct tense for the verb in brackets. (This student is using passive voice rather than any human agents at the request of the instructor.) Student Lab Report Identical tensile test procedures were performed on all test specimens. Each of the metal specimens ____1____ [have] an indentation near the center to ensure that the fracture point would occur in this region. Tension tests ____2____ [conduct] as follows. Two pieces of reflective tape ____3____ [place] approximately 1 inch apart in the center of the specimen where the indentation 4 [locate]. The width and the thickness of the specimen at this location _____5_____ [measure] using a Vernier caliper. Then the specimen _____6____ [secure] in the MTS Load Frame. A laser extensometer _____7_____ [place] into position to measure the deformation of the specimen. The laser extensometer ______8_ __ [use] to measure the original distance between the pieces of reflective tape. The MTS ________9____ [set] to elongate the specimen one tenth of an inch every minute.
Answer:
Each of the metal specimens HAS an indentation near the center to ensure that the fracture point would occur in this region. Tension tests WERE CONDUCTED as follows. Two pieces of reflective tape WERE PLACED approximately 1 inch apart in the center of the specimen where the indentation 4 WAS LOCATED. The width and the thickness of the specimen at this location WAS MEASURED using a Vernier caliper. Then the specimen WAS SECURED in the MTS Load Frame. A laser extensometer WAS PLACED into position to measure the deformation of the specimen. The laser extensometer WAS USED to measure the original distance between the pieces of reflective tape. The MTS WAS SET to elongate the specimen one tenth of an inch every minute.
A container can be made from steel [β = 36 × 10-6 (C°)-1] or lead [β = 87 × 10-6 (C°)-1]. A liquid is poured into the container, filling it to the brim. The liquid is either water [β = 207 × 10-6 (C°)-1] or ethyl alcohol [β = 1120 × 10-6 (C°)-1]. When the full container is heated, some liquid spills out. To keep the overflow to a minimum, from what should the container be made and what should the liquid be
Answer:
The container should be made of lead and the liquid should be water.
Explanation:
Since the volume of the container of liquid after expansion is V = V₀(1 + βΔθ) where V = initial volume, β = coefficient of volume expansion, Δθ = temperature change.
So, the volume change V₂ - V₁ where V₁ = volume of liquid and V₂ = volume of container
For steel, V₂ = V₀(1 + β₂Δθ) and V₁ = V₀(1 + β₁Δθ)
So, ΔV = V₀(1 + β₂Δθ) - V₀(1 + β₁Δθ) = V₀[1 + β₂Δθ - 1 - β₁Δθ] = V₀[β₂Δθ - β₁Δθ]
Since we want a minimum value for ΔV and V₀ and Δθ are the same, we need ΔV/V₀Δθ = β₂ - β₁ to be a minimum
where β₂ = coefficient of volume expansion of liquid and β₁ = coefficient of volume expansion of container.
So, trying each combination, with β₂ = 207 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹] and β₁ = 36 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹
β₂ - β₁ = 207 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹ - 36 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹ = 171 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹
With β₂ = 207 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹] and β₁ = 87 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹
β₂ - β₁ = 207 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹ - 87 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹ = 120 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹
With β₂ = 1120 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹] and β₁ = 36 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹
β₂ - β₁ = 1120 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹ - 36 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹ = 1084 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹
With β₂ = 1120 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹] and β₁ = 87 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹
β₂ - β₁ = 207 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹ - 87 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹ = 1033 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹
The combination that gives the lowest value for β₂ - β₁ is β₂ = 207 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹] and β₁ = 87 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹
Since β₁ = 87 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹ = coefficient of expansion for lead β₂ = 207 × 10⁻⁶ (C°)⁻¹] = coefficient of expansion for water, the container should be made of lead and the liquid should be water.
1. Add:
(i) 5xy, -2xy, -11xy, 8xy
(iv) 3a - 2b + c, 5a + 8b -70
Answer:
(i) 0
(iv) 8a+6b+c-70
Explanation:
Hope this helps you
Imagine a cantilever beam fixed at one end with a mass = m and a length = L. If this beam is subject to an inertial force and a uniformly distributed load = w, what is the moment present at a length of L/4?
Answer:
jsow
hfhcffnbxhdhdhdhdhdhdddhdhdgdhdhdhdhdhdhhhdhdjsksmalalaksjdhfgrgubfghhhhhhh
Explanation:
j
grudbA hollow pipe is submerged in a stream of water so that the length of the pipe is parallel to the velocity of the water. If the water speed doubles and the cross-sectional area of the pipe triples, what happens to the volume flow rate of the water passing through it?
Answer:
increases by a factor of 6.
Explanation:
Let us assume that the initial cross sectional area of the pipe is A m² while the initial velocity of the water is V m/s², hence the flow rate of the water is:
Initial flow rate = area * velocity = A * V = AV m³/s
The water speed doubles (2V m/s) and the cross-sectional area of the pipe triples (3A m²), hence the volume flow rate becomes:
Final flow rate = 2V * 3A = 6AV m³/s = 6 * initial flow rate
Hence, the volume flow rate of the water passing through it increases by a factor of 6.
Explain by Research how a basic generator works ? using diagram
Water steam enters a turbine at a temperature of 400 o C and a pressure of 3 MPa. Water saturated vapor exhausts from the turbine at a pressure of 125 kPa. At steady state, the work output of the turbine is 530 kJ/kg. The surrounding air is at 20 o C. Neglect the changes in kinetic energy and potential energy. Determine (20 points) (a) the heat transfer from the turbine to the surroundings per unit mass flow rate, (b) the entropy generation during this process.
Answer:
a) -505.229 kJ/Kg
b) -1.724 kJ/kg
Explanation:
T1 = 400°C
P1 = 3 MPa
P2 = 125 kPa
work output = 530 kJ/kg
surrounding temperature = 20°C = 293 k
A) Calculate heat transfer from Turbine to surroundings
Q = h2 + w - h1
h ( enthalpy )
h1 = 3231.229 kj/kg
enthalpy at P2
h2 = hg = 2676 kj/kg
back to equation 1
Q = 2676 + 50 - 3231.229 = -505.229 kJ/Kg ( i.e. heat is lost )
b) Entropy generation
entropy generation = Δs ( surrounding ) + Δs(system)
= - 505.229 / 293 + 0
= -1.724 kJ/kg
An ideal neon sign transformer provides 9130 V at 51.0 mA with an input voltage of 240 V. Calculate the transformer's input power and current.
Answer:
Input power = 465.63 W
current = 1.94 A
Explanation:
we have the following data to answer this question
V = 9130
i = 0.051
the input power = VI
I = 51.0 mA = 0.051
= 9130 * 0.051
= 465.63 watts
the current = 465.63/240
= 1.94A
therefore the input power is 465.63 wwatts
while the current is 1.94A
the input power is the same thing as the output power.
ow Pass Filter Design 0.0/5.0 points (graded) Determine the transfer function H(s) for a low pass filter with the following characteristics: a cutoff frequency of 100 kHz a stopband attenuation rate of 40 dB/decade. a nominal passband gain of 20 dB, which drops to 14 dB at the cutoff frequency Write the formula for H(s) that satisfies these requirements:
Answer:
H(s) = 20 / [ 1 + s / 10^5 ]^2
Explanation:
Given data:
cutoff frequency = 100 kHz
stopband attenuation rate = 40 dB/decade
nominal passband gain = 20 dB
new nominal passband gain at cutoff = 14 dB
Represent the transfer function H(s)
The attenuation rate show that there are two(2) poles
H(s) = k / [ 1 + s/Wc ]^2 ----- ( 1 )
where : Wc = 100 kHz = 10^5 Hz , K = 20 log k = 20 dB ∴ k = 20
Input values into equation 1
H(s) = 20 / [ 1 + s / 10^5 ]^2
Draw a sinusoidal signal and illustrate how quantization and sampling is handled by
using relevant grids.
Calculate the scale and speed of the pattern in order to gain useful results for a turbine operate at 150 rev/min at height difference of 22 m and a predictable flow rate of 85 m per second. A scale pattern is made and examined with a volume flow rate of 0.1 m per second and a height difference of 5 m , the power value equal to 4.5 kW when checked at the speed evaluated . Predict the power and efficiency of the full size turbine .
Answer:
first mark me as a brainleast
Cite another example of information technology companies pushing the boundaries of privacy issues; apologizing, and then pushing again once scandal dies down. As long as the controversy fades, is there anything unethical about such a strategy?
Answer:
Explanation:
Tech Social Media giant FB is one of those companies. Not long ago the ceo was brought to court to accusations that his company was selling user data. Turns out this is true and they are selling their users private data to companies all over the word. Once the news turned to something else, people focused on something new but the company still continues to sell it's users data the same as before. This is completely unethical as the information belongs to the user and they are not getting anything while the corporation is profiting.
Consider two houses that are identical, except that the walls are built using bricks in one house, and wood in the other. The walls of the brick house are twice as thick. Which house do you think will be more energy efficient?
Answer:
Walls Built Using Bricks and Wood
The brick house is more energy-efficient than the one built with wood.
Explanation:
Because of their high thermal mass, which gives bricks the ability to absorb heat and release it over time, bricks remain more energy-efficient than other building materials, including wood. In summer, bricks leave your home cool. In winter, they make it warm. With these two advantages provided by bricks over other building materials, bricks are the most energy-efficient building material.
Select the correct statement(s) regarding network physical and logical topologies.
a. While logical topologies can be configured in star, ring, bus, and tree configurations, the physical topology must always be in a full-mesh topology
b. logical topologies always incorporate centralized access, whereas physical topologies are always configured as a distributed access network
c. the physical topology addresses how devices are connected, while a logical topology addresses how devices actually communicate to one another
d. all statements are correct
Answer:
The physical topology addresses how devices are connected, while a logical topology addresses how devices actually communicate to one another ( C )
Explanation:
Network physical is simply the process/method of connecting the Network using cables while Logical topology is the general architecture of the communication mechanism in the network for all nodes.
Hence The correct statement is the physical topology addresses how devices are connected, while a logical topology addresses how devices actually communicate to one another
Consider the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.200 M CH3NH2 by 0.100 M HCl.
For each volume of HCl added, decide which of the components is a major species after the HCl has reacted completely.
Kb for CH3NH2 = 4.4 x 10-4.
What species are present based off what is being added?
200.00 mL HCl added
yes no H+
yes no H2O
yes no Cl-
yes no CH3NH2
yes no CH3NH3+
300.00 mL HCl added
yes no H+
yes no H2O
yes no Cl-
yes no CH3NH2
yes no CH3NH3+
Calculate the pH at the equivalence point for this titration?
Answer:
The answers are in the explanation. The pH is 5.91
Explanation:
The CH3NH2 reacts with HCl as follows:
CH3NH2 + HCl → CH3NH3⁺ + Cl⁻
When 200mL of HCl are added, the moles of CH3NH2 and HCl are reacting completely producing CH3NH3+ and Cl-. That means the species present are:
no H+. All reacted
yes H2O. Because the water is present in the solutions of HCl and CH3NH2
yes Cl-. Is a product of the reaction
Yes CH3NH2. Is consumed in the reaction but comes from the equilibrium of CH3NH3+
yes CH3NH3+. Is the other product of the reaction. MAJOR SPECIES
When 300.00mL of HCl are added, 100mL are in excess:
yes H+. Is in excess: H+ + Cl- = HCl in water. MAJOR SPECIES. Determine the pH of the solution.
yes H2O. Is present because the reactants are diluted.
yes Cl-. Is a product of reaction and comes from HCl.
Yes CH3NH2. The reactant is over but comes from the equilibrium of CH3NH3+
yes no CH3NH3+. Yes. Is a product and remains despite HCl is in excess.
To find the pH:
At equivalence point the ion that determines pH is CH3NH3+. Its concentration is:
0.100L * (0.200mol/L) = 0.0200 moles / 0.300L = 0.0667M CH3NH3+
The equilibrium of CH3NH3+ is:
Ka = Kw/kb = 1x10-14/4.4x10-4 = 2.273x10-11 = [H+] [CH3NH2] / [CH3NH3+]
As both [H+] [CH3NH2] comes from the same equilibrium:
[H+] = [CH3NH2] = X
2.273x10-11 = [X] [X] / [0.0667M]
1.5159x10-12 = X²
X = 1.23x10-6M = [H+]
As pH = -log [H+]
pH = 5.91
The pH at the equivalent point for this titration is "5.91".
pH Calculation:[tex]CH_3NH_2 = 0.200\ M\\\\ \text{volume} = 100.0\ mL = 0.100\ L\\\\HCl = 0.100\ M\\\\[/tex]
We must now quantify the pH well at the equivalence point.
We know that even at the point of equivalence, moles of acid and moles of the base are equivalent. As such, first, we must calculate the number of moles of the given base.
Calculating the Moles in [tex]CH_3NH_2 = 0.200\ M \times 0.100\ L = 0.0200\ moles[/tex]
Calculating the Moles in [tex]HCl = 0.0200 \ moles[/tex]
Calculating the volume of [tex]HCl[/tex]:
[tex]\to \text{Molarity} = \frac{ \text{moles}}{\text{volume \ (L)}} \\\\\to \text{Volume} = \frac{\text{moles}}{\text{molarity}}\\\\[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{0.0200 \ moles}{ 0.100\ M}\\\\= 0.200 \ L\\\\= 200 \ mL\\\\[/tex]
Calculating the reaction among the acid and base:
[tex]CH_3NH_2 + HCl \longrightarrow CH_3NH_3^{+} + Cl^-[/tex]
[tex]0.0200 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.0200 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.0200[/tex]
Therefore the conjugate acid of the bases exists at the standard solution.
Then we must calculate the new molar mass of [tex]CH_3NH_3^+[/tex].
Total volume[tex]= 100 + 200 = 300\ mL = 0.300\ L[/tex]
[tex][CH_3NH_3^+] = \frac{0.0200\ mole}{ 0.300\ L}= 0.0667\ M[/tex]
Using the ICE table
[tex]CH_3NH_3^+ + H_2O \longrightarrow CH_3NH_2 + H_3O^+[/tex]
[tex]I \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.0667 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\\\\C\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -x\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ +x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ +x\\\\E \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.0667-x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ +x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \+x\\\\\to Ka = \frac{[CH_3NH_2] [H_3O^+] }{[CH_3NH_3^+]}[/tex]
Calculating [tex]K_a[/tex] from [tex]K_b[/tex]
[tex]\to K_a \times K_b = 1\times 10^{-14}\\\\\to K_a = \frac{1\times 10^{-14}}{4.4\times 10^{-4}} = 2.27\times 10^{-11}\\\\[/tex]
[tex]= 2.27\times 10^{-11} \\\\= x\times \frac{x}{(0.0667-x)}[/tex]
The x in the 0.0667-x can be ignored since the Ka value is just too small and it also does not follow the five percent criteria.
[tex]\to 2.27 \times 10^{-11} \times 0.0667 = x_2\\\\\to x_2 = 1.515\times 10^{-12}\\\\\to x = 1.23\times 10^{-6}\ M\\\\\to [H_3O^+] = x = 1.23\times 10^{-6}\ M\\\\[/tex]
We have the formula to calculate pH.
[tex]\to pH = - \log [H_3O^+] = - \log 1.23\times 10^{-6}\ M= 5.91[/tex]
The pH at the equivalent point for this titration is "5.91".
Find out more information about the pH here:
brainly.com/question/15289741
For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 3-h duration will raise the carbon concentration to 0.38 wt% at a point 2.6 mm from the surface. Estimate the time (in h) necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 6.1 mm position for an identical steel and at the same carburizing temperature.
Answer:
The right answer is "16.5 hrs".
Explanation:
Given values are:
[tex]x_1=2.6 \ mm[/tex]
[tex]t_1=3 \ hrs[/tex]
[tex]x_2=6.1 \ mm[/tex]
As we know,
⇒ [tex]\frac{x^2}{Dt}=constant[/tex]
or,
⇒ [tex]\frac{x_1^2}{t_1} =\frac{x_2^2}{t_2}[/tex]
⇒ [tex]t_2=(\frac{x_2}{x_1})^2\times t_1[/tex]
By putting the values, we get
[tex]=(\frac{6.1}{2.6} )^2\times 3[/tex]
[tex]=5.5\times 3[/tex]
[tex]=16.5 \ hrs[/tex]
Activity 1. Fill the blank with the correct answer. Write your answer on the blank. 1. ___________________ is a regular pattern of dots displayed on the screen which acts as a visual aid and also used to define the extent of your drawing. 2. Ortho is short for ___________________, which means either vertical or horizontal. 3. Tangent is a point where two _______________________ meet at just a single point. 4. If you want to create a new drawing, simply press ___________________ for the short cut key. 5. There are _______________Osnap that can help you performs your task easier.
Answer:
1. Drawing grid.
2. Orthogonal.
3. Geometries.
4. CTRL+N.
5. Thirteen (13).
Explanation:
CAD is an acronym for computer aided design and it is typically used for designing the graphical representation of a building plan. An example of a computer aided design (CAD) software is AutoCAD.
Some of the features of an AutoCAD software are;
1. Drawing grid: is a regular pattern of dots displayed on the screen of an AutoCAD software, which acts as a visual aid and it's also used to define the extent of a drawing.
2. Ortho is short or an abbreviation for orthogonal, which means either vertical or horizontal.
3. Tangent is a point where two geometries meet at just a single point.
4. If you want to create a new drawing, simply press CTRL+N for the short cut key.
5. There are thirteen object snaps (Osnap) that can help you perform your task on AutoCAD easily. The 13 object snaps (Osnap) are; Endpoint, Midpoint, Apparent intersect, Intersection, Quadrant, Extension, Tangent, Center, Insert, Perpendicular, Node, Parallel, and Nearest.
