Answer:
Blue stars are typically found in the arms of spiral galaxies, as well as in other regions of intense star formation, such as in the cores of star-forming galaxies and in star-forming regions within galaxies. Blue stars are also found in clusters, which are groups of stars that are gravitationally bound to each other. These clusters can contain hundreds or even thousands of blue stars, and they are often located in the spiral arms of galaxies.
In what cultural ways do the ancient Norse/Germanic people differ from the ancient Greeks? Need help asappp like nowwwww
Answer: The ancient Norse/Germanic people, also known as the Vikings, lived in northern Europe and had a distinct culture that differed from the ancient Greeks in a number of ways. Here are a few examples of cultural differences between the Norse/Germanic people and the ancient Greeks:
1. Religion: The ancient Norse/Germanic people followed a polytheistic religion centered around gods and goddesses such as Odin, Thor, and Freya, while the ancient Greeks followed a polytheistic religion centered around gods and goddesses such as Zeus, Athena, and Apollo.
2. Social structure: The ancient Norse/Germanic people had a warrior-based society with a strong emphasis on personal honor and loyalty to one's family and community. The ancient Greeks, on the other hand, had a more structured society with a system of governance based on city-states and democracy.
3. Art and architecture: The ancient Norse/Germanic people had a distinctive style of art and architecture characterized by elaborate carvings and ornamentation, as well as the use of animal motifs. The ancient Greeks, on the other hand, are known for their more classical style of art and architecture, characterized by symmetry, balance, and proportion.
4. Language and literature: The ancient Norse/Germanic people spoke a variety of Germanic languages, including Old Norse, and their literature was oral in nature, with sagas and myths passed down through the generations. The ancient Greeks spoke Greek and their literature was written down, with a rich tradition of epic poetry, plays, and philosophical works.
the increased size of the hypoxic zone in the gulf of mexico is forecasted to benefit the fishing industry in the united states. t/f
The statement of the increased size of the hypoxic zone in the gulf of Mexico is forecasted to benefit the fishing industry in the United states is false.
What is hypoxic zone?Hypoxic is a condition when an area does not get enough oxygen, this can happen to humans, vegetation, or animal medically and to an environment.
Hypoxic zone is a geographic where in that zone oxygen levels are very rare. In gulf of Mexico for example is called dead zone because almost all animal especially for animal that can't be swim or have weak swimming skill can die because the low-level oxygen.
Because all animal or fish in this case are die because didn't get enough oxygen this think can be bad for fishing industry in surround area like Mexico and United States.
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groundwater group of answer choices flows mainly in underground river channels. flows faster through shale than sandstone. typically moves slowly within the ground through permeable rock layers like sandstone. completely fills the zone of saturation above the water table.
Through permeable rock strata like sandstone, groundwater usually travels slowly within the ground. Option (3) is correct.
Through the crevices between rocks, water is forced downhill and sideways by gravity and pressure. In order to maintain the water cycle, it eventually reemerges to the land's surface, into rivers, and into the oceans. Gravity causes ground water to go downward from higher recharge locations to lower recharge areas, where it can either be retained in aquifers or released into streams.
Deeper = slower movement = longer residence time in groundwater systems. The majority of groundwater comes from precipitation in the form of rain or snow, which is meteoric water. Water from the surface seeps into the ground as soon as the water touches the earth. Due to interconnected pore spaces, water can travel through rock and soil underground.
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Correct Question:
Groundwater group of answer choices
1. flows mainly in underground river channels.
2. flows faster through shale than sandstone.
3. typically moves slowly within the ground through permeable rock layers like sandstone.
4. completely fills the zone of saturation above the water table.
t/f. Correlation of rock units between continents or widely separated areas is accomplished by using physical features such as color, texture, and thickness of ... ·
Sedimentary strata are geographically distant but the same age is known as correlation. Magnetic polarity reversals, rock types, distinctive rock sequences, or index fossils can all be used to find correlation.
It involves stratigraphic correlation between different locations. Although strata over short distances can frequently be correlated by following specific beds from one location to another, correlation across great distances and across seas nearly always requires the study of fossils. Stratigraphic, lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic correlation are the four main forms.
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What are the drivers behind the formation of modern states?
Question 2 options:
Feudal lords and serfs
Power and territory
Laws and language
Colonialism and explorers
Globalization and ethnicity
Globalization and ethnicity are the drivers behind the formation of modern states.
In simple terms, what is globalization?The process by which commodities and people can travel freely across borders is known as globalization. The integration of markets, commerce, and investments with few obstacles to the movement of goods and services between states is the concept's economic underpinning.
How has globalization changed how we live our lives?The cost of production is generally reduced through globalization. In turn, businesses are able to charge customers less for their products. Increases in the level of life are largely influenced by the average cost of commodities. The range of products available to consumers has likewise increased.
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what landforms are created by glacier erosion and deposition (short answers please)
List answer form:
U-shaped valleys
Moraines
Kettles
Eskers
Drumlins
Cirques
Paragraph answer form:
Glaciers can create many landforms, such as U-shaped valleys, moraines, kettles, eskers, drumlins, and cirques. These are just a few examples of the many different landforms that can be created by glacier erosion and deposition.
Loooong answer form (the explanation of all given landforms):
Glaciers can create a variety of landforms through the process of erosion and deposition. Some examples of landforms created by glaciers include:
1. U-shaped valleys: When a glacier moves down a valley, it erodes the sides of the valley, creating steep, curved walls.
2. Moraines: Moraines are ridges of loose rocks and debris that are deposited at the edge of a glacier. They can be either lateral moraines, which form along the sides of the glacier, or terminal moraines, which form at the end of the glacier.
3. Kettles: Kettles are small, shallow depressions that are formed when a large block of ice breaks off from a retreating glacier and becomes buried by sediment. When the ice melts, it leaves a depression in the ground.
4. Eskers: Eskers are long, winding ridges of sand and gravel that are deposited by meltwater streams flowing under or within a glacier.
5. Drumlins: Drumlins are oval-shaped hills that are composed of till, a type of sediment deposited by a glacier. They typically have a smooth, elongated shape with the pointed end pointing in the direction of ice flow.
6. Cirques: Cirques are bowl-shaped depressions that are carved out by a glacier at the head of a valley. They typically have steep walls and a flat floor.
These are just a few examples of the many different landforms that can be created by glacier erosion and deposition.
which of these methods would be least well-suited for finding a jupiter-like planet very close to its star?
The method would be well-suited for finding a Jupiter-like planet very close to its star is Radial velocity (nebular hypothesis).
Researchers astounded when they originally found Jupiter-like masses circling near their stars because of its uncommon way of behaving.
Generally Jovian planets are just viewed as distant from the Sun yet Sweltering Jupiter's are specific Jovian planets that are exceptionally near their stars. This disclosure shocked researchers.
When the hot Jupiter's were found, it was normal that the nebular hypothesis would should be reached out to oblige them so that is the reason researchers shocked when they initially found Jupiter-like masses circling near their stars.
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A social media company updates its application with new features, which prove to be extremely unpopular and are eventually removed. Another technology company adopts one of the features for its new application, and within weeks of the first company's failure, the second company is successful in an emerging market.
Which features of global culture are represented in this scenario?
Based on global culture characteristics, and concepts, the global culture that is represented in this scenario is that The second transnational corporation eradicates the local culture, substituting a new global culture in its place.
What is Global culture?Global culture is a term that is used to describe the set of shared experiences, norms, symbols, and ideas that unite people at the global level.
Generally, global cultures are believed to exist at the global, national, regional, city neighborhood, subculture and, super culture levels. Thus, global cultures are not mutually exclusive but overlap in countless ways.
In this case, when the second transnational corporation adopts one of the features for its new application, and within weeks of the first company's failure, the second company is successful in an emerging market it shows that they have eliminates the local culture attributed to the new features, substituting it with global cultures feature.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option B. The second transnational corporation eradicates the local culture, substituting a new global culture in its place.
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Which device is used to find the depth of sea?
Answer:
A fathomometer is an instrument that is used to measure the depth of the ocean. It uses a weighted rope or cable that is dropped down into the water, and the depth is determined by measuring the length of the cable that is submerged. The weight of the cable helps to ensure that it sinks straight down to the bottom of the ocean, allowing for an accurate measurement of the depth.
Explanation:
This fire creeps along slowly just at and under the forest surface with little flaming and more smoldering.Crown fireSurface fireGround fireComplex fire
The fire that creeps along slowly at and under the forest surface with little flaming and more smoldering are ground fires.
Ground fires (sometimes called underground or subsurface fires) occur in deep accumulations of humus, peat, and similar dead vegetation that become dry enough to burn. These fires move very slowly but can become difficult to fully put out, or suppress. Occasionally, especially during prolonged drought, such fires can smolder all winter underground and then emerge at the surface again in spring. Lightning strikes cause slightly less than half of all wildland fires, but account for nearly 67% of the land area burned.
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formed by evaporation, a is a gaseous form of a substance that is normally in a solid or liquid state at room temperature and pressure
The process of turning liquid particles into gaseous state is known as evaporation, and it takes place on the surface of liquids. As a result, it is assumed that this process involves a change in the liquid substance.
Sublimation is the process by which a solid transforms directly from a solid to a gaseous state without first going through a liquid stage or vice versa. At room temperature, a liquid evaporating produces a cooling effect. The forces of attraction between the particles are minimal at ambient temperature. A type of vaporisation called evaporation takes place on the surface of a liquid as it transitions into the gas phase. When humidity impacts the rate of evaporation of water, for example, a high concentration of the evaporating substance in the surrounding gas considerably slows down evaporation. Depending on how they collide, the liquid's molecules exchange energy as they come into contact.
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geologists attempting to locate metallic mineral resources such as copper and iron will first consider the
Answer:age
Explanation: Geologists attempting to locate metallic mineral resources such as copper and iron will first consider the
age of the rock and how it formed
The geologists attempting to locate metallic mineral resources such as copper and iron will first consider the age of the rock and how it formed.
What are resources?A resource cab be defined as a product of biological, ecological or geological processes (natural resources). A resource has the power or capacity to satisfy human wants that is why it is known as a resource.
The resources are part of an ecosystem and one where it is important to maintain biodiversity and the Earth’s life-support systems.
Resources can be as renewable or nonrenewable; a renewable resource can replenish itself at the rate it is used like wind energy, while a nonrenewable resource has a limited supply like gold, diamond.
In Africa, the most people do to provide for themselves and their families is mining for diamonds, gold, or other resources.
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the farther away an island or seamount is from kauai, which is approximately 5 million years old, the
Between 5.1 million to 7 million years have passed since the Hawaiian Islands were formed. The Big Island is just roughly 5.1 million years old, while Kauai is the oldest.
The Pacific Plate crossed the Hawaii hotspot during the formation of Kauai, which has volcanic origins. It is the oldest of the major islands, dating back around five million years. The next oldest are the islands of Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and Kahoolawe, which formerly formed a one landmass known as Maui Nui. Greater ages may be found on Oahu and Kauai, with the latter being around five million years old. Similar to the other Hawaiian Islands, Kauai was created by volcanic activity over the course of millions of years. The volcano that formed Kauai is thought to have first erupted some 10 million years ago, while the island itself is thought to be 5 million years old.
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The zone where accumulation balances ablation is known as the
a. equilibrium line
b. medial moraine
c. snowline
d. crevasses
e. cirque
The equilibrium line is the region where accumulation balances ablation. The right response in this case is option A.
The equilibrium line is the line dividing the accumulation and ablation regions. Temperature, precipitation, and the topography of the area all affect how high the equilibrium line is. The equilibrium line and the glacier edge wouldn't alter if the climate stayed the same.
The ELA is susceptible to a variety of weather conditions, including changes in winter precipitation, summer warmth, and the wind's ability to move dry snow.
As a result, there is a strong correlation between the Equilibrium Line Altitude and the local climate, making it possible to anticipate glacier behavior in the future and provide an essential indicator of how glaciers are responding to climate change.
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Which of the following location is not a sacred location for Muslims?
Medina, Saudi Arabia
Jerusalem, Israel
Mount Sinai, Egypt
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Answer:
Mount Sinai, Egypt
Explanation:
Mount Sinai, Egypt is not a sacred location for Muslims. Mount Sinai is a sacred location for Jews and Christians, as it is believed to be the mountain where Moses received the Ten Commandments. It is not considered to be a sacred location for Muslims. Medina and Mecca, both in Saudi Arabia, are the two holiest cities in Islam, and are considered to be sacred locations by Muslims. Medina is the site of the first Islamic mosque and is the burial place of the prophet Muhammad, and Mecca is the birthplace of Muhammad and the location of the Kaaba, the most sacred site in Islam. Jerusalem is also considered to be a sacred location for Muslims, as it is the site of the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and is mentioned in the Quran as the place where the prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven.
Watch both the Elastic Deformation and Ductile Deformation topics in the Reock Deformation Animation, and compare the two types of deformation. How is ductile deformation different from elastic deformation?
Once the stress is removed, rocks that have undergone ductile deformation retain their new shape.
Ductile deformation can result in tight folds, whereas elastic deformation usually terminates in brittle deformation rather than tight folding.
The critical distinction among ductile and brittle deformation is that bendable distortion happens at low strain rates, though fragile deformity happens at high strain rates.
While expanding the pressure applied on a specific stone, the stone goes through three kinds of progressive phases of deformity. They are the elastic deformation, ductile deformation, and brittle deformation. Elastic deformation is a reversible deformity, pliable disfigurement is irreversible where weak deformation makes the stone break.
Disfigurement is the adjustment of state of a material because of an applied power. the contrast among flexible and pliable disfigurement is in versatile deformity, strain is recuperated when stress is taken out. In flexible deformation, the strain remain
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true or false : this fire moves along the ground with varying intensities burning grasses, shrubs and dead limbs or even larger types of vegetation in arid/semiarid environments.
True, this fire moves along the ground with varying intensities burning grasses, shrubs and dead limbs or even larger types of vegetation in arid/semiarid environments.
It is the progressive alteration of an ecosystem's plant and animal community until a stable community is reached.Succession may be first or second in line. Secondary succession occurs in an established community following a period of disruption, like as a wildfire, while primary succession occurs on newly colonised bare grounds of stones.
All the animals in a burned-out forest will be dead or away for their own safety. It's possible that until regrowth reaches a certain point, these animals won't return.However, grass seedlings are frequently fire-resistant and, in the majority of cases, are even stimulated by fire. Therefore, grasses might be the first kind of organism to be discovered in the burned region.
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Dissolution of rock produces ____________.
a.
primary porosity
c.
secondary porosity
b.
primary permeability
d.
a reduction in primary porosity
Dissolution of rock will always produces secondary porosity. Option (c) is Correct.
Postdepositional processes include dissolution, reprecipitation, and fracture result in secondary porosity. Examples of secondary porosity include cracks, root canals, and animal burrows. The sum of the primary and secondary porosities is the total porosity. The pore space produced by subsequent processes like fracturing is known as secondary porosity. Primary porosity refers to the rock's initial porosity at the time of formation.
A good example of a rock with high porosity and low permeability is a vesicular volcanic rock, which has high porosity due to the holes present but poor permeability because the holes are not connected to one another. Clay, shale, unfractured igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks are examples of materials that are impermeable and/or non-porous.
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Large-scale irrigation projects implemented by the Soviets in the 1950s have diverted water from the two rivers that feed the sea.
The Soviet Union under Khrouchtchev purposely robbed the Aral Sea of its two primary sources of water revenue in the 1950s by implementing a programme to boost agriculture, particularly that of cotton, which almost immediately resulted in less water entering the sea.
Formerly the fourth-largest lake in the world, the Aral Sea in the Soviet Union is rapidly vanishing. Its size shrank by 40% and its level sank by roughly 13 metres between 1960 and 1987. Reduced input brought on mostly by water withdrawals for agriculture has resulted in recession. Because water from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers was diverted for agricultural irrigation starting around 1960, the water level of the Aral Sea gradually and significantly decreased. The Aral Sea, a lake they created, used to be the fourth-largest lake in the world. Although irrigation made the desert flourish, the Aral Sea was severely damaged.
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When trying to identify a lowered portion of the rain free cloud base as a wall cloud, the most important characteristic to look for is persistent ________.
If trying to identify a lowered portion of the rain free cloud base as a wall cloud, the most significant characteristic to check is persistent rotation.
What is a wall cloud?A wall cloud is a huge, persistent, localized, and frequently abrupt lowering of cloud which develops beneath the surrounding base of a cumulonimbus cloud and eventually from tornadoes form.
The wall cloud is quite smaller and more dense than a shelf cloud and is generally under a rain free cloud base. Scud clouds are frequently mistakenly called funnel clouds or wall clouds. In the real event, these are just ascending clouds because of the raised low level relative humidity. They are not going to rotate and will rise steadily.
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How does the seafloor record Earth's magnetic field, also known as palomagnetism?
Paleomagnetic studies of the seafloor, therefore, provide a continuous record of the Earth's magnetic field, with the oldest seafloor rocks providing the most distant record of the Earth's magnetic field.
What is seafloor spreading?Seafloor spreading is the process in which the oceanic crust moves away from the mid-ocean ridges, forming new crust in the process. This process is driven by convection currents in the mantle, which causes the plates to move apart at the ridges and spread away from them. The newly created crust is also pushed down into the mantle and recycled. Seafloor spreading is an important part of the plate tectonic theory, which explains the movement of the Earth's crust.
Paleomagnetism is the study of the Earth's magnetic field as it is recorded in rocks on the seafloor. When molten lava erupts and solidifies on the seafloor, it preserves the Earth's magnetic field direction at the time of solidification. When this cooled lava is later sampled by scientists, it records the direction of the Earth's magnetic field at the time of its formation. Paleomagnetic studies of the seafloor, therefore, provide a continuous record of the Earth's magnetic field, with the oldest seafloor rocks providing the most distant record of the Earth's magnetic field.
It can be concluded that Paleomagnetic studies of the seafloor, therefore, provide a continuous record of the Earth's magnetic field, with the oldest seafloor rocks providing the most distant record of the Earth's magnetic field.
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Upwelling is an important oceanic process which results either when surface winds push water directly away from an area, or on larger spatial scales when the prevailing winds blow parallel to the coast and interact with the Coriolis Effect causing a surface current that flows away from the coast. Which of the following statements about upwelling are NOT true?A. Upwelling tends to create a cooler, moister environment in coastal regions adjacent to where it occurs.
B. Upwelling brings important nutrients up from the deep ocean waters to more shallow surface waters that light can penetrate, providing food to the coastal marine ecosystem at the particular location.
C. Upwelling is responsible for supporting some of the most productive fisheries in the world, including sardine and anchovy.
D. Upwelling can increase the rate at which climate change is occurring if climate change is not properly managed.
E. None of the above.
The Correct Answer (D). Upwelling can increase the rate at which climate change is occurring if climate change is not properly managed.
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water from deep water towards the ocean surface. It replaces the warmer and usually nutrient-depleted surface water.
The nutrient-rich upwelled water stimulates the growth and reproduction of primary producers such as phytoplankton. The biomass of phytoplankton and the presence of cool water in those regions allow upwelling zones to be identified by cool sea surface temperatures (SST) and high concentrations of chlorophyll-a.
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mount everest is the highest mountain in the world, with an elevation of 8,848 meters (29,029 feet) above sea level. it is located in the mahalangur range of the himalayas, on the border between nepal and tibet. mount everest was first measured and surveyed by a team of british surveyors in the 19th century, and its height has been confirmed by several subsequent expeditions.
Yes, it is the highest mountain
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world and is located in the Himalayas. Everest is known for its extremely harsh conditions, including high winds, cold temperatures and lack of oxygen at high altitudes. It is also home to a variety of unique flora and fauna adapted to the extreme conditions of the mountains.
A popular destination for mountaineers, it has been climbed by thousands of people since 1953 when Sir Edmund of New Zealand and Sir Hillary of Nepal and Sherpa of Nepal Tenzing and Norgay of Nepal successfully climbed it for the first time.
The mountain lies on the border of Nepal and Nepal-China (formerly Tibet) and is part of the Mahalangur range of the Himalayas. Its elevation of 8,848 meters (29,029 ft) above sea level was determined by several survey expeditions and confirmed by subsequent measurements.
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what are the geopolitical problems of Great Renascence Dam and fair utilization of Nile River? what Solutions will be taken to solve these problems?
Geographic information systems (GIS) simplify the job of analyzing marketing information by relating data to their locations. t/f
By connecting data to geographical locations, geographic information systems make the task of evaluating marketing data easier. This assertion is true.
A computer system that analyses and presents spatially related data is known as a Geographic Information System (GIS). It makes use of information associated with a certain place.
GIS offers a more thorough evaluation, analysis, and comprehension of your marketing and promotions. Analyze demographic, purchasing, psychographic, and spending factors to accurately segment your consumer base and identify additional people who are like them.
They aid in our comprehension of Earth's physical properties, processes, and effects on human activities. When data is arranged according to its locations, we may spot geographic patterns that help us comprehend how systems function and interact with one another.
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Select all the correct answers.
Which two suggestions describe how humans could reduce their greenhouse gas emissions?
1. Use natural light instead of electric lights during the day.
2. Dispose of paper and plastic in landfills instead of recycling.
3. Grow your own vegetables in a garden instead of shopping for them.
4.Drive gas-powered vehicles instead of taking public transportation.
5. Use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers instead of organic, natural ones.
Answer:
Option (A) and (C)
Explanation:
Green house gases are the gases which trap the heat from sunlight causing the retention of heat in the atmosphere. This causes global heat.
The use of natural light will reduce the dependency of fossil fuel for the generation of electricity. Hence, the burning of fossil fuel and generation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and others will not release.
Growing own vegetables will reduce the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Hence, will reduce the green house gas abundance in the atmosphere.
PLEASE HELPPP. Only answer if you know.
Which statement is FALSE about both Japan and China?
A. China and Japan have the same forms of government.
B. China still places strong restrictions on its people.
C. Much of the construction in Tokyo was driven by their hge economic growth after World War II.
D. Japan had significant growth that began after World War II and kept going until a recession hit in the 1900s.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The statement that is FALSE about both Japan and China is A. China and Japan have the same forms of government. While Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government, China is a communist state with a single-party system. These two countries have different forms of government, and they have very different political systems and governing structures. However, both China and Japan have experienced significant economic growth and development in recent decades. Much of the construction in Tokyo was driven by their huge economic growth after World War II, and Japan had significant growth that began after World War II and kept going until a recession hit in the 1990s. Both countries also still place strong restrictions on their people, limiting their freedom of speech, assembly, and other rights.
If the average wavelength of some waves are 30 feet, how deep would you need to dive down to reach the wave base so that you would not experience the force movement of the water?
Note that if the average wavelength of some waves is 30 feet, the depth one would need to dive down to reach the wave base so that you would not experience the forced movement of the water is: 1.5 feet.
What is the justification for the above result?
First, note that the depth at which the water's motion is no longer influenced by the waves is known as the wave base. In general, the wave base is located at a depth that is approximately 1/20 of the wavelength of the waves.
Using the above information or relationship, we can state that:
The depth that we need to dive to is:
30feet x 1/20
= 30 x 0.05
= 1.5 feet.
Thus, the depth at which one would need to dive in order to escape the force fo the waves is 1.5 feet.
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the geeks shall inherit the earth: popularity, quirk theory and why outsiders thrive after high school
According to the Goodreads Choice Awards, The Geeks Shall Inherit the Earth: Popularity, Quirk Theory, and Why Outsiders Thrive After High School, is one of the best nonfiction books of the year. Additionally, this book was also honored with the New York Times bestseller and the Books for a Better Life Award.
In the text, there are no questions to be found. The title of Alexandra Robins' non-fiction psychological book is the text.
The "Quirk Theory", put out by Robbins in The Geeks Shall Inherit the Earth: Popularity, Quirk Theory, and Why Outsiders Thrive After High School, holds that the interests, passions, and eccentricities that cause youngsters to be tormented in school are also what make them into cool, intriguing people. High school presents particular social difficulties since social categories are indeed being rearranged, which disturbs students' sense of security and makes popularity all the greater appealing.
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A major volcanic eruption which adds high concentrations of tephra into the atmosphere would result in a ______ forcinga. negativeb.positivec. neutrald. externale. anthropogenic
The external force would arise from a significant volcanic eruption that releases significant amounts of tephra into the atmosphere.
Tephra layers are produced by violent volcanic eruptions that spew pyroclast particles into the stratosphere and troposphere.
Lives far away from an erupting volcano can be disrupted by falling volcanic ash. All chunks of rock that are propelled into the air by a volcano eruption are referred to as tephra. The majority of the tephra returns to the volcano's slopes, expanding it.
Tephra acts as ice nuclei or provides locations for heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, which can change cloud characteristics and air chemistry. Tephra on vegetation produces physical harm, and persistent exposure might result in longer-lasting physiological reactions.
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