Recall that one approach to the study of cell cycle regulation has been to fuse cultured cells that are at different stages of the cell cycle and observe the effect of the fusion on the nuclei of the fused cells (heterokaryons). When cells in Gl are fused with cells in S, the nuclei from the Gl cells begin DNA replication earlier than they would have if they had not been fused. In fusions of cells in G2 and S, however, nuclei continue their previous activities, apparently uninfluenced by the fusion. Fusions between mitotic cells and interphase cells always lead to chromatin condensation in the nonmitotic nuclei. Based on these results, identify each of the following statements about cell cycle regulation as probably true (T), probably false (F), or not possible to conclude from the data (NP). Sort each statement into the appropriate bin.
1. The transition from mitosis to G1 appears to result from the disappearance or inactivation of a cytoplasmic factor present during M-phase.
2. The activation of DNA synthesis may result from the stimulatory of one or more cytoplasmic factors.
3. Gl is not an obligatory phase of all cell cycles
4. The transition from G2 to mitosis may result from the presence in the G2 cytoplasm of one or more factors that induce chromatin formation.
5. The transition from S to G2 may result from the presence of a cytoplasmic factor that inhibits DNA synthesis.
A. T
B. F
C. NP

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

1. T

2. T

3. NP

4. F

5. F

Explanation:

In somatic cells, the cell cycle can be divided into 1-the interphase, 2-the mitotic phase or M phase, and 3-the G₀ phase. In turn, the interphase of the cell cycle can be divided into three phases: 1-the gap 1 (G1) phase or growth 1 phase, 2-the S phase (DNA replication or DNA synthesis), and 3-the gap 2 (G2) phase or growth 2 phase. During the G1 phase, the cell synthesizes key enzymes which are required during DNA replication (S phase) and cell division (M phase). Cytoplasmic factors are proteins and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that control cell functions during the cell cycle. This cycle is modulated by proteins known as control factors, i.e., cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) that work together to control the progression through different phases of the cell cycle. The transition from S to G2 occurs after DNA replication. This transition (S to G2) is controlled by a DNA damage checkpoint orchestrated by the ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 related) kinases which are recruited to DNA damage sites. Moreover, the ​transition from G2 to M phase is mediated by the accumulation of mitotic inducers, which lead to an increase in the activity of mitotic kinase and finally trigger mitotic entry.


Related Questions

Define external digestion​

Answers

Answer:

Saprobionts eat by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto their food, a process known as extracellular phototropic digestion. The enzymes catalyze the breakdown of food into molecules small enough to be absorbed by passive diffusion, transport, osmotrophy, or phagocytosis.

-------------------------

hope it helps...

have a great day!!

Answer: External digestion is when the bacteria secretes digestive enzymes to break down the food outside of the "body" and then it sucks it up!

Explanation: her ya go

characteristics of Pisces

Answers

Answer:

Pisces are known as amazingly imaginative, creative, empathetic, and kind, they can also be overly sentimental, impressionable, and closed off.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition in which blood does not clot properly. Queen Victoria of England had one allele for hemophilia. Most of her male descendants had the disorder, but few females had it. Why did hemophilia occur more frequently in Queen Victoria’s male descendants?

Answers

Answer:

Because hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition.

Explanation:

As the problem states, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition.

Meaning that in Queen Victoria's female descendants (coded XX) which inherited the Queen's one allele, for hemophilia to appear in them it would be necessary to inherit another hemophillia-carrying allele from the father.The Queen's male descendants (coded XY) would always manifest hemophilia if they inherited the Queen's hemophilia allele, as they possesed only one X gene.

Please help !
Which describes electrons?

Electrons move at very fast speeds around the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons are stationary outside of the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons move at very fast speeds inside the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons are stationary inside the nucleus of an atom.

Answers

D. Electrons move at very fast speed around the nucleus of an atom?

Dark skin ( a result of increased melanin production in equatorial populations), is likely a response to ultraviolet radiation because UV radiation causes:

Answers

Answer: Skin cancer

Explanation:

Melanin is a pigment derived from an amino called acid tyrosine. The most common form of melanin is called eumelanin, which is a polymer of dihydroxyindole carboxylic acids and their reduced forms. When a person is exposed to the ultraviolet light (UV) from the sun, the melanocytes will produce eumelanin to prevent the skin from burning and damage to the cell nuclei (where DNA is found) of the epidermis. This melanin production causes the skin to darken. The eumelanin in the skin then acts as a natural sunscreen by blocking the damaging effects of sunlight. So, skin darkens when exposed UV light, thus providing greater protection when needed by producing more eumelanin, but it also becomes more likely to develop melanoma, which is a type of skin cancer. This is because UV rays damage the DNA of skin cells. The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that has the instructios to the growth and functioning of an organisms). Skin cancers begin when eumelanin protection is not sufficient and this damage affects the DNA of the genes that control the growth of skin cells. This results in a tumor, which is the uncontrolled growth of cells (in this case, skin cells) because there will be a mutation in DNA that affects the function of the cells.

Por qué algunas enfermedades se padecen solo una vez?

Answers

Answer:

por que a mi saber, cuando te infectas con una enfermedad viral al contagiarte y después sanar tu cuerpo crea anticuerpos que estos asu vez hacen que seas inmune a ese virus y otras veces las enfermedades son erradicadas con la vacunación.

The phylogenetic tree above represents the three domains of organisms on our planet. According to this tree, organisms in domain Eukarya are closer related to organisms in domain Archaea. Organisms in kingdom Eukarya can be distinguished from organisms in kingdom Archaea by which of the following distinctions?

Group of answer choices

The presence of ribosomes for protein synthesis.

The use of a cell wall for protection and support

The presence of a nucleus in their cells

The storage of genetic material in DNA molecules.

Answers

Answer:

The storage of genetic material in DNA molecules.

You are out hiking and walk past a great outcrop of granite that is part of an exposed batholith. Looking closer you notice pieces of sandstone within the batholith. Which rock is OLDER, the granite or the sandstone?

Answers

Answer:

Sandstone is younger than the granite rocks

Explanation:

As the rocks layer found at the bottom are the oldest and closer to the ground surface are the younger. This is due to the law of superimposition and as when looking at the outcrops you will notice pieces of sandstone within the batholith that indicates that the base is formed by granite and is later cemented by sandstone rock


Match the rocks with the geological processes that create them.
igneous rocks
sedimentary rocks
metamorphic rocks
They are formed when liquid
magma cools and solidifles
beneath or above Earth's
surface.
They are molded by heat and
pressure deep inside Earth.
The heat comes from magma.
Pressure is exerted by the
motion of Earth's plates and
the weight of other rocks.
They are a result of weathering
and lithification, which is often
aided by the flow of water.

Answers

Answer:

Igneous rocks:

-They are formed when liquid magma cools and solidifies beneath or above Earth’s surface.

Sedimentary rocks:

-They are a result if weathering and lithification, which is often aided by the flow of water.

Metamorphic rocks:

-They are molded by heat and pressure deep inside Earth.

-The heat comes from magma.

-Pressure is exerted by the motion of Earth’s plates and the weight of other rocks.

Explanation:

These are all I can do. You gave 5 sentence choices right? Hope this helps!

Answer:

The answer is Igneous rocks, Metamorphic rocks, and Sedimentary rocks

Explanation:

in what direction do winds blow?
a. from the northeast to the southwest
b.from the southwest to the northeast
c. from the low pressure areas to high pressure areas
d.from high pressure areas to low pressure areas ​

Answers

Answer:i don’t know

Explanation:i don’t know

Answer:

a. from the northeast to the southwest

Summarize the steps of Scientific method in one paragraph in your own words.

Answers

Answer:

Ask a question or identify a problem.Gather information and form a hypothesis.Create an experiment to test your hypothesis.Collect data and observations by doing/ performing the experiment. Draw a conclusion.Share your findings.

If you want as paragraph:

Ask a question or identify a problem. Gather information and form a hypothesis. Create an experiment to test your hypothesis. Collect data and observations by doing/ performing the experiment. Draw a conclusion. Share your findings.

Hope it helps!

Plz mark brainliest!

what must be true about two objects if heat is flowing between them​

Answers

Answer:

The objects must be the same temperature.

Explanation:

if heat is flowing between two objects, so both ​the objects must have the same temperature because the heat in object 1 passes to the object 2 due to the conduction property present in these objects. The heat flows from one body to another body until both have the same amount of heat energy as well as temperature so that's why we can say that both objects must be the same temperature.

Upon completion of seeding a flower and a vegetable, research and identify the optimum propagation conditions, such as, water and light demand, appropriate temperature, and, other elements that may affect the germination from seeding. Compare your research findings with your existing conditions. If any discrepancies found, address how you would like to mitigate. Describe the entire process in your weekly lab report journal. Add photos, sketches or other supplementary information, if necessary.

Answers

Answer:

Needs optimum environmental conditions.

Explanation:

Seedling, a flower and a vegetable needs suitable conditions for growth and development. All of the three stages of plant life cycle requires optimum water, fertilizers and light intensity in order to grow and develop at full speed. Seeds need a specific temperature in order to germinate. Most seeds germinate when the soil temperature is between 68 and 86 Fahrenheit. In the same way the plant also needs specific temperature for bearing flowers. All the stages requires optimum water in the soil for absorption.

In the aerobic metabolism of proteins by chemoheterotrophs (e.g., E. coli and you):____.
A. Proteins are broken down into smaller peptides and eventually into amino acids by proteases (peptidases).
B. Certain amino acids may be converted to pyruvate.
C. Certain amino acids may be converted to intermediates (e.g. oxaloacetate) of the Krebs cycle.
D. Certain amino acids may be converted to acetyl-CoA.
E. All of the above are true.

Answers

The answer is A because
A) proteins are broken down into smaller peptides and eventually into amino acids by proteases

protid không phải là thành phần của

Answers

I don’t understand this question

the flowers of the ____ bloom with sunrise and close with sunset.​

Answers

Daylillies, or hemerocallis

phương pháp tạo vòng halo???

Answers

Answer:

lol

xplanation:

Answer:

jîâr erçvñ.

Explanation:

hñkgdà34vkffjGydlkydkeutskdeut

Temperature regulatory apparatus of the mammal include the following pairs
a. epidermis and dermis
b. hair follicles and nerve ends
c. sweat glands and sebaceous glands
d. sweat glands and hair follicles​

Answers

the correct answer is D
It’s D hope this helps

define cell and atom.....​

Answers

Cell: A cell is the structural and fundamental unit of life. The study of cells from its basic structure to the functions of every cell organelle is called Cell Biology.

Atom:  atom is the smallest component of an element, characterized by a sharing of the chemical properties of the element and a nucleus with neutrons, protons and electrons. The protons and the neutrons reside in the nucleus.

whats the difference between atom and cell?

function wise atoms take part in every chemical reaction while cells are responsible for the development and growth of living existences. Atoms do not have life. They do not need food, water, and they do not reproduce. Cells are alive. Cells consume food and water and can reproduce. Atoms construct molecules and Cells make tissues for organs.

IN____________ NUTRITION , THE ORGANISMS DEPEND UPON ITS HOST FOR ITS FOOD .

Answers

Answer:

heterotrophic nutrition!!

*Part 1*:
Interpretation - Identify trends, compare and contrast, draw conclusions.
The following is a plot of the number of bacterial cells vs time in a culture. A culture refers to
cells grown in a man-made environment. For example, even though oceans, streams and
ponds are teaming with microbes, they are not considered a culture because they are part of a
natural environment. Yogurt as well as cells grown on agar plates or liquid cultures are
examples of a man-made environment.
c.
b.
d.
a.
5
Time (hr)
10
*Part 1*: Analyze the image. Be sure to include a conclusion. There are no incorrect
conclusions, only illogical ones.
Answer:

Answers

Answer:

First increases, attain highest population and then decreases.

Explanation:

In the culture, the number of bacterial cells increases with the passage of time in a culture. at the beginning, the bacterial cells increases in number or population with the passage of time. At point C, it shows highest population of bacterial cells at the time period of 4 to 5 hours but after more time passed, the population of bacterial cells decreases may be the unavailability of food substances in the medium.

2. Which of the following is not considered an
organism?
a. an oak leaf
b. a spider
c. an elephant
d. a bacterial cell

Answers

Answer:

a. an oak leaf

Explanation:

Bacterial cells would undergo this type of reproduction, Binary Fission. An asexual reproductive process where a single bacterium splits into 2 additional bacteria, each having the same bacterial DNA and or genome as the original bacterium.

So the answer is D

Hope This helps :) Have a good Day

how digestion happens in human​

Answers

Explanation:

The muscles of the small intestine mix food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, and push the mixture forward for further digestion. The walls of the small intestine absorb water and the digested nutrients into your bloodstream.

Answer :Once foods are broken into small enough parts, your body can absorb and move the nutrients to where they are needed. Your large intestine absorbs water, and the waste products of digestion become stool. Nerves and hormones help control the digestive process.

_______and_______process help in balancing of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the environment​

Answers

Answer: Respiration and combustion

Which molecule would be the most affected by limited nitrogen?
myofibrillar proteins in muscle

glucose molecules in starch

fat molecules surrounding organs

cellulose molecules in plant cell walls

Answers

Answer:

The molecule that would be affected by 'limited nitrogen' is the myofibrillar proteins in muscle. Explanation: The myofibrils of the muscle have a number of protein molecules.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

edge 2022 trust the process

All of the following factors contribute to the differences in complex trait risk predictions between different laboratories, EXCEPT ____________. differing methods of combining risk from multiple genetic variants selection of different genetic variants for risk determination different assessments of environmental factors genotyping of different variants

Answers

Answer:

different assessments of environmental factors

Explanation:

In humans, for predicting the future phenotype of any individual, the PSR is used.

A trait may be defined as the state of a character that is a distinct variation of the phenotypic characteristic of any organism.

The following factors contributes to the differences in the complex trait risk predictions in the different laboratories :

-- differing methods of the combining risk from the multiple genetic variants.

-- genotyping of the different variants.

-- selection of the different genetic variants for such risk determination.

Thus the factor which does not contribute is :

"different assessments of the environmental factors."

The ability of the human body to break down the red color in beets is controlled by an autosomal dominant allele. The inability is recessive, detected by red coloration of the urine (we will call this phenotype 'secretor'). If a nonsecretor woman with a secretor father has children with a nonsecretor man who in a previous relationship had a secretor daughter, what is the probability that their first child will be...

Answers

Solution :

It is given that a woman is a nonsecretor but the father of that woman is a secretor. It means that the father's genotype is recessive, i.e. "ss".

The genotype of the nonsecretor mother would be Ss, who have received one recessive allele from her father.

Now the nonsecretor man have a secretor daughter from his previous marriage. That means that he is a carrier nd his genotype is Ss.

Now, we can cross between the heterozygous parents (Ss x Ss) will have offspring with the following genotypes :

1 SS -- Nonsecretor

2 Ss -- Nonsecretor

1 ss -- secretor

Thus the probability that their first child will be :

a). a secretor girl

   [tex]$=\frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{2}$[/tex]

  [tex]$=\frac{1}{8}$[/tex]

b). Non secretor girl

     [tex]$=\frac{3}{4} \times \frac{1}{2}$[/tex]

     [tex]$=\frac{3}{8}$[/tex]

c). a secretor boy

   [tex]$=\frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{2}$[/tex]

   [tex]$=\frac{1}{8}$[/tex]

differences between a fish and a toad.​

Answers

Answer:

⬇ See answer below ⬇

Explanation:

A fish is a(n) aquatic animal which has gills and can only find oxygen underwater. Toads are quite different though as they are amphibians who can live on both land and underwater. (Hope this helped you!)

13: Mycobacteria are stained with
a. Gram's staining
b. Simple staining
c. Both a and b
6. Ziehl - Neelsen's staining​

Answers

Answer:

d. Ziehl - Neelsen's staining

Explanation:

The mycobacteria is stained with the Ziehl - Neelsen's staining. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

What happens to proteins with no signal sequence that are made in the cytosol? Question 3 options: They are taken up by lysosomes. They are degraded by proteases. They are returned to their organelle of origin. They are secreted. They remain in the cytosol.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is: They remain in the cytosol.

Explanation:

Eukaryotic proteins are made through a process called Translation, which always starts at the cytosol (except for the proteins that are made in the mitochondria).

While Translation is taking place, the peptide that is being synthesized is checked for molecular tags that will lead to a re-routing to another destination: proteins that have an amino sequence called 'signal peptide' will be sent to the endoplasmic reticulum for its translation to continue - the proteins that go this route are meant to be part of the endomembrane system, after that they can be bounded to the ER, the Golgi apparatus or the lysosomes.

Unlike the proteins mentioned before, there are proteins that will have no signal peptide - this means that they are meant to finish Translation in the cytosol. Some of these proteins will acquire a signal tag that will lead them to the nucleus or the mitochondria, for example, but if they don't they will stay permanently in the cytosol to perform their tasks in that place.

Other Questions
Apple Computers Issued a 30-year $8,000,000 bond on January 1, 20xx with a 5% stated interest rated. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31st. What is the amount that Apple Computers would record as interest expense on June 30, 20xx (the first interest payment), assuming that no interest expense has been recorded since the bond was issued on January 1st? HELP PLEASE!!When the same amount of heat is added to equal masses of water and copper at the same temperature, the copper is heated to a higher final temperature than the water. On a molecular level, what explains this difference?A. The forces between copper atoms are stronger than the forces between water molecules. B. The average kinetic energy of the water molecules is greater than the average kinetic energy of the copper atoms. C. More of the heat is transferred to the kinetic energy of the copper atoms than to the kinetic energy of the water molecules. D. More of the heat is transferred to the potential energy of the copper atoms than to the potential energy of the water molecules. which molecules in your body do not contain carbon atoms How has Eurocentric history depicted African people and their cultures? What was wrong with capitalism during the late 1800s?Common people were getting greedy and always wanted more.The people weren't compliant with what was demanded of them.The politicians didn't get paid enough.The workers suffered from the long hours.People were getting lazy and wanted more, but weren't willing to work for it. 1.3 hectoliters is how many liters Explain which emotions are desirable and why others are not. A tank is full of water. Find the work (in J) required to pump the water out of the spout. (Use 9.8 m/s2 for g. Use 1,000 kg/m3 as the density of water. Round your answer to the nearest whole number.) Select the correct answer.How does a proper warm up affect blood flow?A.Blood flow increases.B.Blood flow decreases.C.Blood flow increases and then decreases.D.Blood flow decreases and then increases. Daven inherited property from a parent. The property had an adjusted basis to the parent of $1,600,000. It was valued at $2,000,000 at the date of death and valued at $1,800,000 six months after the date of death. The executor elected the alternative valuation date. What is Daven's basis in the property You have approached a hospital administrator about marketing in her facility. The administrator is uncomfortable with the suggestion. How could you address her concerns A woman wearing high heels will find difficult to walk on the sandy beach than if she wears flat sole sandals. Why? An electron in a hydrogen atom is in a p state. Which of the following statements is true?a.The electrons wavefunction has at least one node (i.e., at least one place in space where it goes to zero).b.The electron has an energy of -13.6 eV.c.The electron has a total angular momentum of .d.The electron has a z-component of angular momentum equal to sqrt(2)* . 1. A manufacturing cell with two workers is responsible for producing a small frying pan with a required takt time of 496 seconds. The material passes through two processes: a deep drawing process and a trimming process. The average cycle time for the deep drawing process is 450 seconds and average cycle time for trimming is 430 seconds. (2 pts.) a. Does the work cell have adequate capacity to meet demand? Explain. b. What is the required daily production capacity of the work cell (in number of frying pans per day)? Assume 480 minutes/workday of available time. 2. What is the total daily idle time for both workers in Problem 1? Report your answer in (a) seconds of idle time and (b) as a percentage of total working time for the cell. (2 pts.) The Constitution establishes three branches of government that If the efficient market hypothesis is true, price changes are independent and biased. Group of answer choices Which sentence best describes one effect of the poets use of figurative language in this excerpt? b.13. What ic.In a single movable pulley, a load of 500 N is lifted by applying 300 N effortCalculate MA, VR and n.[Ans: MA = 1.66, VR = 2, n = 883.33%] Professional athletes often have contract clauses prohibiting risky activities such as skiing and motorcycle riding. These clauses are thc tin vn thc hin chc nng gia nh vit nam hin nay