raised roadway markers on the roadway and shoulder are used to

Piaget used the clinical interview method to make his discoveries about children's cognitive development. The clinical interview is a type of research method that is used to understand the thought processes of an individual. Jean Piaget used this method to study the cognitive development of children.

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development proposes that a person's intellectual development happens in four stages. The first stage is the sensorimotor stage, which occurs from birth to around two years of age. The second stage is the preoperational stage, which lasts from the ages of two to seven.

The third stage is the concrete operational stage, which takes place between the ages of seven and eleven, and the final stage is the formal operational stage. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the way children learn and comprehend things is influenced by their age and their stage of development.

The clinical interview is a semi-structured form of interviewing that is used to collect data about the participant's thoughts, opinions, and attitudes. It is a flexible and open-ended method that allows the researcher to probe more deeply into the participant's beliefs and experiences. The clinical interview method is particularly useful for studying children's cognitive development because it enables the researcher to gain insight into how children think, reason, and understand things. By asking open-ended questions and probing for more information, researchers can uncover the underlying thought processes that children use when they encounter new information or are faced with a problem.

Learn more about Piaget's theory here:

https://brainly.com/question/30759939

#SPJ11

A manager would not take the step of investigating the psychological (internal) causes of the behaviors when applying behavior modification.

Instead, they would take the following steps: pinpointing specific behaviors, formulating the baseline point for critical behaviors, performing the Reward-Response analysis, and developing a plan for positive, negative, extinction and punishment reinforcements.

The first step is to identify the exact behaviors that need to be modified. Then, the manager will measure the progress of the change by establishing a baseline for the critical behaviors.

After that, the manager can use a Reward-Response analysis to determine the best reinforcement technique for the desired change. Lastly, a plan for the appropriate reinforcements should be developed.

To know more about psychological click on below link:

https://brainly.com/question/29436774#

#SPJ11

Environmental influences on gender show that the way a teacher interacts with a child can shape their behavior and expectations.

Gender typing is the process by which people learn gender roles, including norms, values, and behaviors, that are perceived as appropriate for their gender identity. This procedure starts in childhood and is influenced by various socializing agents, including parents, peers, and the media.

Boys and girls learn the behaviors that are deemed appropriate for their gender. Gender role socialization is the term used to describe this process.

Research on environmental influences on gender typing shows that teachers tend to use more disapproval and controlling discipline with girls than with boys.

Girls who exhibit non-conforming behaviors, such as acting aggressively, are typically viewed as deviant, and their behavior is strictly controlled. Boys are permitted to engage in a wider range of behaviors, including roughhousing and aggressive behavior, which are usually treated less harshly by teachers.

Learn more about gender at:

https://brainly.com/question/20503649

#SPJ11

In reaction to the social and economic conditions brought about by the Industrial Revolution, he developed his theories of communism and class struggle and denounced the exploitation of the working class by the

The act of taking advantage of someone or something for one's personal gain, frequently in an unfair or unjust way, is referred to as exploitation. Karl Marx's description of the exploitation of the working class by the bourgeoisie is frequently used when discussing exploitation in the framework of social theory. In this context, exploitation is the term used to describe the economic and social structure in which the bourgeoisie, who control the means of production, get surplus value from the labour of the working class, which is compelled to sell its labour in order to exist. This uneven connection causes the bourgeoisie to amass riches and power at the cost of the working class, continuing a cycle of

Learn more about exploitation here:

https://brainly.com/question/14366077

#SPJ4

Life Orientation  example is Mercury. Mercury is a planet in our solar system that can be studied in a Life Orientation task from different perspectives.

Is characteristics in terms of Orientation  are:

Physical characteristics: A Life Orientation task could focus on the physical characteristics of Mercury, such as its size, temperature, and atmosphere. Students could explore how these characteristics affect the possibility of life on Mercury, or how they compare to those of Earth.

Exploration and discovery: Another approach could be to explore the history of Mercury's discovery and the various missions that have been sent to explore it. Students could research and analyze the data collected by spacecraft such as NASA's MESSENGER mission, and evaluate the scientific impact of these missions.

Environmental issues: A Life Orientation task could also examine the environmental issues related to Mercury, such as the impact of human activities on the planet, or the potential for future exploitation of Mercury's resources. Students could consider the ethical implications of these issues and explore possible solutions.

Lastly, Cultural significance: Mercury has played a significant role in various cultures throughout history. A Life Orientation task could explore how Mercury has been portrayed in mythology, literature, and art, and how these representations have evolved over time. Students could analyze the cultural significance of Mercury and how it relates to contemporary issues.

Learn more about Life Orientation  from

https://brainly.com/question/26669738

#SPJ1

Elaborate on the information Life Orientation source based task one 2023

The National Recovery Act (NRA) and the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) were two key pieces of legislation passed as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program during the Great Depression. These acts were designed to address the economic crisis by stimulating industrial and agricultural production, creating jobs, and stabilizing prices.

The NRA and AAA reinforced New Deal ideals in several ways:

Government intervention: The NRA and AAA marked a significant shift in government policy, as they represented an unprecedented level of federal intervention in the economy. This was in line with the New Deal's belief that the government had a responsibility to address the social and economic problems facing the country.

Collective action: Both the NRA and AAA emphasized the importance of collective action and cooperation between different groups, including government, industry, and labor. The NRA, for example, established codes of fair competition that required businesses to set minimum wages and working hours. The AAA encouraged farmers to form cooperatives to manage production and marketing.

Social justice: The NRA and AAA aimed to promote social justice by improving working conditions for laborers and providing relief to farmers. The NRA's codes of fair competition included provisions for minimum wages, maximum hours, and the right to collective bargaining. The AAA provided subsidies to farmers who agreed to reduce their production, which helped stabilize agricultural prices and provided relief to struggling farmers.

Regulation: The NRA and AAA represented a significant expansion of government regulation, as they established new rules and oversight mechanisms to manage economic activity. This was consistent with the New Deal's belief that government regulation was necessary to ensure that the economy operated in the public interest.

Overall, the NRA and AAA reinforced New Deal ideals by promoting government intervention, collective action, social justice, and regulation, all of which were central to Roosevelt's vision of a more equitable and prosperous society.

To learn more about National Recovery Act refer to:

brainly.com/question/12364256

#SPJ4

Answer:

A. Competition will keep prices low and increase the quality of goods

Explanation:

In the face of competition, a business tends to do whatever is necessary to lower its costs and achieve a higher number of sales to increase profits.

Competition forces businesses to find ways to achieve a competitive advantage so that they can capture a larger market share for their product or service. This leads them to figure out how to reduce costs, improve their product, and so on in order to capture that extra market share.

The concept that states that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings such as child maltreatment is known as multifinality.

Multifinality is a principle that is often used to explain how child maltreatment can have diverse outcomes. It indicates that although a child may have a traumatic past due to maltreatment, some children can overcome such experiences and thrive while others may develop severe emotional and behavioral problems later in life. So, although the beginning is the same, the end result can be quite different. Thus, multifinality provides a framework for understanding the complexities of child maltreatment outcomes. This highlights the importance of early interventions for children who have been exposed to maltreatment in order to ensure the best outcomes for them.

More about Multifinality:

The concept that states that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings such as child maltreatment is known as multifinality.

Multifinality is a principle that is often used to explain how child maltreatment can have diverse outcomes. It indicates that although a child may have a traumatic past due to maltreatment, some children can overcome such experiences and thrive while others may develop severe emotional and behavioral problems later in life. So, although the beginning is the same, the end result can be quite different. Thus, multifinality provides a framework for understanding the complexities of child maltreatment outcomes. This highlights the importance of early interventions for children who have been exposed to maltreatment in order to ensure the best outcomes for them.

More about Multifinality:

https://brainly.com/question/29998327

#SPJ11

Sven's misjudgment of his test performance illustrates overconfidence.

Overconfidence is a term used in psychology to describe the tendency of people to be more confident in their own abilities, intelligence, and judgment than is warranted. It is a cognitive bias that is characterized by a person's tendency to overestimate their own abilities, intelligence, and judgment. It is often seen as a result of the humanistic psychology perspective that emphasizes the importance of self-esteem and self-worth in the development of the individual.

Overconfidence can be seen in many different contexts, such as in the workplace, in social situations, and in academic settings. Sven's misjudgment of his test performance illustrates overconfidence. He was sure that he had answered at least 80 questions correctly on his history test, but in fact, he only got 60 items right. This shows that he was too confident in his own abilities and underestimated the difficulty of the test.

More about Overconfidence:

https://brainly.com/question/14287825

#SPJ11

Raising children, engaging in community service and doing something to ensure the success of future generations are behaviors observed in persons who have achieved a sense of legacy.

The concept of legacy is concerned with how one's contributions to the world endure over time, both in terms of the impact they have on others and the lasting effects they have on the world as a whole.

A legacy is anything that is passed down from one generation to the next. It's something that has been left behind by a previous generation that has continued to influence the way we live our lives today. Legacy is more than just material possessions or financial resources. It's about the impact that you have on the world, and the way that you leave things behind when you're gone. This can take many different forms, including contributions to society, the development of new ideas or innovations, or simply the way that you treat others. Regardless of what form your legacy takes, it's an important aspect of your life that should be carefully considered and cultivated over time.

Learn more about legacy here: https://brainly.com/question/29393969

#SPJ11

The five mission areas outlined in the National Response Framework are prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery.

The National Response Framework (NRF) outlines five mission areas that serve as a framework for responding to disasters and emergencies in the United States. These mission areas include prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery.

Learn more about the National Response Framework at

https://brainly.com/question/12702845

#SPJ4

The given statement is true because circular causality is a concept in systems theory that refers to the complex interrelationships between events, where each event is both the cause and the effect of the other.

Circular causality suggests that in a conflict, the focus should be on the patterns of behavior and communication between the parties, rather than on trying to determine who is to blame or where the conflict started. By understanding these patterns, it may be possible to identify opportunities for breaking the cycle and finding a resolution to the conflict.

You can learn more about systems theory at

https://brainly.com/question/17360148

#SPJ11

The Central Security Service (CSS) is responsible for providing intelligence support in areas such as human factors analysis, counterterrorism, personal recovery, and noncombatant evacuation operations.

CSS is a component of the United States Department of Defense and operates in close partnership with the National Security Agency (NSA). CSS is charged with providing timely and accurate intelligence support for military operations, including communications and information systems support. CSS also provides intelligence support for special operations forces and participates in research and development activities.
CSS works closely with the NSA in the development and implementation of intelligence plans and provides intelligence analysis, reports, and briefings. CSS also manages the collection and analysis of data for decision-making, threat assessment, and counterintelligence operations. CSS also works with foreign intelligence services and agencies to develop and share information and techniques. CSS is also responsible for coordinating with other government agencies and private sector organizations to provide intelligence support for military operations, including mission support and strategic planning.
CSS is an important component of the intelligence community, providing support to the military in areas such as counterterrorism, personal recovery, and noncombatant evacuation operations. CSS provides timely and accurate intelligence analysis and briefings, as well as coordinating with other government agencies and private sector organizations to ensure military operations are successful.

For such more questions on intelligence

https://brainly.com/question/29558579

#SPJ11

The political entity with enforced borders where the population shares a sense of culture, ancestry, and destiny as a people is known as a nation-state.

A nation-state is a political entity where the state territory and its inhabitants belong to the same ethnic, cultural, and historical identity. This type of state has a single sovereign government and is politically organized.

It is recognized by its inhabitants as having a common heritage and culture, which is characterized by shared beliefs, values, and customs. The concept of the nation-state was initially introduced during the French Revolution, where people of French identity overthrew the absolute monarchy of France and established a government representing the interests of the French nation-state.

This event inspired the other European nations to seek self-determination and political independence as well. The emergence of the nation-state transformed the political world and led to the formation of sovereign states based on ethnic, linguistic, and religious identities.

It replaced the previous political order based on feudalism and dynastic rule. The nation-state model has become the dominant form of political organization in the world today.

To know more about  sovereign government  refer here :https://brainly.com/question/30664265#

#SPJ11

Based on socialization and industrialization concepts, the type of development that seeks to cut down on carbon emissions is New Urbanism

New Urbanism is a term that is used to describe the planning and development approach of cities or communities based on the principles of how cities and towns had been built for the last several centuries: walkable blocks and streets, housing and shopping nearby, and accessible public spaces.

Generally, the new urbanism focuses on human-scaled urban design whose goal is to goals are to reduce dependence on the car, and to create livable and walkable, neighborhoods with a densely packed array of housing, jobs, and commercial sites.

In this case, the New Urbanism type of development seeks to reduce carbon emissions in the immediate environment.

Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option C. New Urbanism.

Learn more about New Urbanism here: https://brainly.com/question/16272099

#SPJ1

The probability that a 10-year flood will occur along the Mississippi River this year is 10%.A 10-year flood is a flood event that has a 10% probability of occurring in any given year. It's also known as a "decade flood" because it has a one in ten chance of happening each decade.

The Mississippi River is one of the largest rivers in the world, and it has a long history of flooding. The river and its tributaries have flooded many times over the years, causing significant damage to property and infrastructure.The probability of a 10-year flood occurring along the Mississippi River is calculated based on past flood data and statistical models. Factors such as rainfall, snowmelt, and land use changes can all affect the likelihood of a flood event occurring in a given year.

However, it's important to note that the probability of a 10-year flood occurring doesn't mean that the river will flood every ten years like clockwork. It simply means that, on average, there's a 10% chance of a flood event occurring in any given year. There can be multiple flood events in a single year or no flood events for several years in a row.In conclusion, the probability that a 10-year flood will occur along the Mississippi River this year is 10%. This means that there's a one in ten chance of a flood event occurring in any given year, based on statistical models and past flood data.

For more such questions on decade flood

https://brainly.com/question/28202952

#SPJ11

The best process that describes the test developer's definition of uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group is standardization.

Standardization is a process that ensures that all test takers are given the same testing experience. A standardized test is a test that is administered under identical conditions to all test takers. It is usually one of the most structured types of tests, with all test takers receiving the same instructions and the same test items in the same order.

A test developer is an individual or organization that creates tests for various purposes. They may be hired by schools, corporations, or other entities to create tests to assess student knowledge, job performance, or other aspects of performance. They are responsible for creating test items that are valid, reliable, and accurate.

Uniform testing refers to a type of testing in which all test takers are given the same test items and instructions. This is done to ensure that all test takers are evaluated in the same way and that there is no variation in the testing process.

A pretested group is a group of individuals who have already taken a test. The scores of this group are used as a benchmark against which other test takers are compared. This is done to ensure that the scores are meaningful and that the test is accurate.

Learn more about standardization:

https://brainly.com/question/28347178

#SPJ11

When the choices of an individual voter are based on the evaluation of a candidate's past performance and the voter's level of satisfaction with the current political climate, the voter engages in rational voting.

Rational voting is a way of voting that is based on the evaluation of a candidate's past performance and the voter's level of satisfaction with the current political climate. It is a way of making decisions that are based on a rational assessment of the situation rather than on emotions or other non-rational factors.

Based on the evaluation of a candidate's past performance and the voter's level of satisfaction with the current political climate, a rational voter makes a decision on how to vote.

The voter assesses the candidate's past performance and the political climate to determine whether or not the candidate is likely to be effective in office. The voter also considers their level of satisfaction with the current political climate to determine whether or not the candidate is likely to be able to improve the situation.

Learn more about rational voting here:

brainly.com/question/28345634

#SPJ11

A) The movements and interactions of people.Successful urban plans that have made cities more livable have prioritized the movements and interactions of people over other considerations.

This means designing spaces that are accessible and pedestrian-friendly, with plenty of green spaces, public transportation, and amenities that encourage social interaction and community engagement.

Efficient automobile traffic may be a consideration in some urban planning, but it is not the primary focus of successful plans. In fact, many livable cities prioritize alternative modes of transportation, such as walking, biking, and public transportation, to reduce traffic congestion and promote sustainability.

While oceans can be a valuable source of water and transportation, they are not necessarily central to successful urban planning. Housing and parking for cars are important considerations, but they should not be prioritized over the needs and wellbeing of the people who inhabit and use the city. Ultimately, successful urban planning should prioritize the needs and experiences of the people who live and work in the city, creating spaces that are vibrant, inclusive, and sustainable.

Find out more about successful urban plans

brainly.com/question/27071007

#SPJ4

The answer is A. In general, U.S. culture tends to view larger breasts on women as better than smaller breasts.

The strong social pressures in premier ballet academies for girls to look prepubescent and distress over breast development suggest that there is a cultural bias towards smaller breasts in the United States. This pressure can lead to negative body image and self-esteem issues for young girls, and highlights the importance of promoting body positivity and diversity in media and society.

What is cultural bias?

Cultural bias refers to the tendency of people to judge or evaluate other cultures based on the values and beliefs of their own culture, often leading to misunderstandings or negative perceptions. It can be seen in various aspects of society, including education, media, and social interactions. Cultural bias can also be a form of discrimination and can lead to stereotypes and prejudice.

To know more about the breast, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/28171418

#SPJ1

Complete question is: among girls in premier ballet academies, there are such strong social pressures to look prepubescent that breast development evokes distress. according to the text, this tends to support the idea that in general, u.s. culture tends to view larger breasts on women as better than smaller breasts.

According to the cultural life script hypothesis, getting married events would probably LEAST likely to occur in one's 20s. Option c. is correct .

Cultural life script is a term coined by Setter son (1985), which is defined as "the culturally approved sequence of events that constitute the normal and expected life passage of an individual." As a result, the cultural life script hypothesis proposes that there are a set of culturally approved life events that an individual should experience at different points in their life.

According to the cultural life script hypothesis, the following events would occur: Adolescence would include: First Date; First Kiss; Going steady; Prom; Driver's License; Graduating from High School. Early adulthood would include: Leaving home; Starting a family; College graduation; and beginning a career. Later adulthood would include: Retirement; Grandchildren; Empty Nest; Health problems; Loss of spouse.

Therefore the correct option is c. getting married be LEAST likely to occur in one's 20s according to the cultural life script hypothesis .

To know more about cultural life script refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/28522756

#SPJ11

With respect to creating visions, leaders often fail because they do not convert their visions into results. The correct option is b.

What is a vision?

The meaning of a vision in a broader sense is the power to see what others don’t see. It can also be said to be the capacity to perceive and contemplate what is not actually visible to the eye. A vision is what drives people in the right direction to achieve their aspirations and ambitions.

Vision is a form of leading yourself or other people in a particular direction when we’re talking about leadership. In regards to creating visions, leaders often fail because they do not convert their visions into results. Leaders must not only create visions but also translate them into a course of action that can be successfully completed. The result is that vision becomes actuality.

When creating a vision, the following are the steps to follow:

This means that a good leader should have the necessary capabilities to convert their vision into reality, and this can be accomplished by promoting clear communication, setting goals, delegating responsibilities, motivating and inspiring individuals, and encouraging progress and productivity, among other things.

They should have the ability to translate their vision into reality by inspiring and guiding others, prioritizing duties, and making difficult decisions when required. A vision alone, without the ability to put it into effect, will be futile, and as a result, the answer to the given question is convert their visions into results.

Learn more about leader's vision here:

brainly.com/question/28556941

#SPJ11

The tools that monetary planners have at their disposal should be used to prevent bubbles in assets rather than to "clean up" after one bursts.

The study of danger aversion by Joseph Stiglitz helped to define how people decide whether to conserve money or spend it. if a particular course of action is worse than another or if one person is less risk-averse than another will affect the economy when there is uncertainty, according to Stiglitz.

Stiglitz won the John Bates Clark Prize in 1979 and the Nobel Memorial Award in Economics and Finance in 2001. He served as the World Bank's chief economist and senior vice president in the past, as well as serving as its chair.

To know more about Stiglitz visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29549334

#SPJ1

If you believe that highly motivated individuals can be identified by a personality test, you subscribe to the theory of motivation that emphasizes the role of personality in shaping the tendency to engage in certain activities or behaviors.

Motivation is the driving force that directs people's actions, desires, and objectives, and it's a theoretical concept that seeks to clarify why people do what they do. Various theories of motivation have emerged over the years, each emphasizing different aspects of human motivation. Highly motivated people and personality tests.

The trait theory of motivation is concerned with identifying and analyzing the different characteristics or traits that might influence a person's motivation to pursue specific activities or goals. Some of the most important characteristics or traits that are frequently associated with motivation include ambition, persistence, self-esteem, self-confidence, and self-efficacy. Personality tests, according to the trait theory, can be used to evaluate and identify these critical characteristics or traits, which might help predict a person's motivation to pursue specific activities or goals. Hence, if you believe that people's motivation can be identified by taking a personality test, you subscribe to the trait theory of motivation.

Read more about the motivation :

brainly.com/question/5125714

#SPJ11

After a client shares his or her DSM diagnosis with others, people may treat the client differently, and the client may act accordingly. Many theorists would attribute this to the development of a self-fulfilling prophecy.

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?A self-fulfilling prophecy is a concept that explains how people's beliefs and perceptions about someone can influence their actions in a way that confirms their beliefs or perceptions. In this scenario, if someone shares their DSM diagnosis with others, people may treat them differently because of their diagnosis, which can influence the way they act around others.

This, in turn, can cause the person with the diagnosis to behave in a way that confirms the expectations of others, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Hence, it can be concluded that many theorists would attribute this to the development of a self-fulfilling prophecy.

To know more about self-fulfilling prophecy refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/14378477

#SPJ11

When persuasion has occurred, a person experienced a change in a belief, an attitude, or a behavioral intention due to a message such as an advertisement. The correct answer is option e.

Persuasion is the act of convincing someone to believe, think, or do something. Persuasion techniques can be applied in both the professional and personal areas of our lives. Persuasion is the art of influencing or convincing someone to believe or do something, whether it is in business, politics, education, or even day-to-day life. Persuasion is one of the most powerful tools we have at our disposal.

Persuasion is a psychological method used to influence or convince someone to believe, do, or feel something. It can be used to convince people to make decisions in favor of a particular product or service, or to persuade them to change their attitudes or beliefs about something. Persuasion is not something that can be done easily; it requires a deep understanding of the person being persuaded and a thorough knowledge of the subject matter.

Learn more about Persuasion here: https://brainly.com/question/28216634

#SPJ11

Predictive validity is the extent to which a test score can predict future performance on a specific task or job.

The correct option is B

In this case, the test assessing Wong's editing skills is being used to predict his success as an executive assistant. If there is a strong correlation between Wong's test score and his performance as an executive assistant, then the test has good predictive validity.

Predictive validity is the extent to which a test score can predict future performance on a specific task or job. Therefore, if there is a strong correlation between Wong's test score and his performance as an executive assistant, the test has good predictive validity. This means that the recruiter can assume how successful Wong will be in the job based on his test score. However, it's important to note that a single test score is not always a perfect predictor of job performance, as there are other factors that can influence success in a role.

To learn more about Predictive refer to:

brainly.com/question/22630748

#SPJ4

D. The total number of computers functioning in the organization is not relevant information in documenting the solution to a bug in the knowledge base.

The other options are all relevant information that should be included in the documentation to help with future troubleshooting efforts. The contact name of the person reporting the issue will help in tracking the history of the problem and provide context. The name of the technician who handled the problem will help in assigning responsibility and accountability. The symptoms of the problem will help in identifying and diagnosing similar issues in the future. When documenting the solution to a bug in the knowledge base of an organization, it's important to include relevant information that will help others troubleshoot similar issues in the future. The contact name of the person reporting the issue is important because it allows for tracking the history of the problem. Knowing who reported the issue and when it was reported can provide context and help identify any patterns or trends that may be useful in preventing similar issues in the future.

Learn more about history :

https://brainly.com/question/3583505

#SPJ1

The option that is NOT part of postformal thinking is "sticking to one's guns and never backing down".

Postformal  thinking is defined as the ability to synthesize, analyze, and evaluate various perspectives and approaches in order to determine the best course of action. It is referred to as postformal thinking since it goes beyond formal, concrete, or logical thinking, instead of being a blend of emotional and logical thinking in order to solve a problem. Postformal thinking comprises five key characteristics. They are as follows    Openness to new experiences. An understanding that many life dilemmas do not have a single right answer or solution.

The capacity to balance the opinions and viewpoints of others against your own.Engagement in self-reflection and constant examination of one's beliefs and convictions. Commitment to generating a novel solution when conventional alternatives are no longer sufficient. from the given options, the option that is NOT part of postformal thinking is "sticking to one's guns and never backing down". Sticking to one's guns implies staying inflexible and not being willing to consider other options, which contradicts the tenets of postformal thinking. So, it is not a part of postformal thinking.

To know more about Postformal  thinking click on below link:

https://brainly.com/question/30002700#

#SPJ11