put these in order english colonies settle in jamestown, europeans explore the americas, the french and indian war ends, the colonies become a free country, the revolutionary war begins, only indians lived in North Americans

Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were more popular than they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.

Booker T. Washington was an educator, speaker, and writer who founded Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, which is now Tuskegee University, in Tuskegee, Alabama.

Washington was a significant figure in the African American community during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and he was well-known for his advocacy for racial uplift and educational development.

In his speech, he proposed that Southern whites and African Americans should work together to build a self-sufficient Southern economy in which blacks and whites would be equal but separate.

This meant that African Americans should concentrate on acquiring practical skills, especially in agriculture and industrial trades, rather than fighting for full civil rights and social equality.

So, Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were more popular than they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.

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Explanation:

1. “Baby Love” by the Supremes is indeed a great example of the Motown sound. Here are some of the musical elements that are used to create a varied arrangement of a simple song:

Catchy Melody: The melody of “Baby Love” is very catchy and memorable, with a simple, singable hook that repeats throughout the song. The melody is supported by a lively and upbeat instrumental arrangement, which includes a driving rhythm section, horns, and strings.

Call-and-Response Vocals: The song features call-and-response vocals, with the lead singer (Diana Ross) delivering the main melody and the other Supremes (Mary Wilson and Florence Ballard) providing harmonies and backing vocals. The call-and-response format gives the song a sense of energy and interplay between the vocalists.

Harmonies and Counterpoint: In addition to the call-and-response vocals, the song also features intricate harmonies and counterpoint, with each vocalist contributing to a complex and layered vocal arrangement.

Arrangement Dynamics: The arrangement of the song is carefully crafted to build tension and release throughout the verses and choruses. The instrumental backing and vocals are gradually added and removed, creating a dynamic and engaging listening experience.

In terms of vocal delivery, Diana Ross conveys the lyrical message of “Baby Love” through a combination of vocal technique and emotional expression. Her voice is clear and powerful, with a smooth and effortless delivery that makes the song feel effortless and fun. At the same time, Ross’s performance conveys a sense of longing and vulnerability that matches the lyrical theme of unrequited love. The backing vocals and harmonies of Mary Wilson and Florence Ballard add depth and complexity to the song, supporting Ross’s lead vocals and creating a sense of unity and cohesion among the Supremes.

2. Respect” by Aretha Franklin is indeed a great cover version of an Otis Redding song. Here are some of the ways that the background vocals, Aretha’s delivery, and instrumentation create intensity and convey the song’s message:

Background Vocals: The background vocals in “Respect” play a critical role in creating intensity and building tension throughout the song. In the verses, the background singers (The Sweethearts of Soul) provide a simple “sock it to me” refrain that supports Aretha’s lead vocals and adds energy to the song. In the chorus, the background vocals become more complex and layered, with call-and-response phrases that create a sense of interplay between the lead and backing vocals. The background vocals become increasingly prominent as the song progresses, adding a sense of urgency and intensity to the final choruses.

Aretha’s Delivery: Aretha Franklin’s delivery of the lyrics in “Respect” is one of the song’s most memorable features. Her voice is powerful and soulful, with a gritty and raw quality that conveys the passion and intensity of the song’s message. Aretha’s vocal inflexions and phrasing are also notable, with her use of breaks, slides, and stutters adding depth and complexity to the song’s emotional delivery.

Instrumentation: The instrumentation in “Respect” is sparse but effective, with a simple and groovy rhythm section that drives the song forward. The horns and organ provide a soulful accompaniment to the vocals, with staccato hits and sustained chords adding texture and depth to the arrangement. The instrumental breaks in the song also provide a moment of release and tension, allowing the background vocals to shine and adding to the overall sense of energy and intensity.

Overall, the combination of background vocals, Aretha’s delivery, and instrumentation creates a powerful and memorable version of “Respect” that conveys a message of strength, empowerment, and demand for respect.

On foot, it takes 226 miles to get from Bucktown to Philadelphia and 306 miles to get from Philadelphia to St. Catherines, Canada. Hence, the total mileage (in miles) travelled on this trip from Bucktown to Philadelphia and from Philadelphia to St. Catharine is total (226 + 306) miles, which equals 532 miles.

In Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States, South Coventry Township contains the historic, unincorporated settlement of Bucktown. The Owen J. Roberts School District's main campus, which houses the Owen J. Roberts Middle School and the Owen J. Roberts High School, is situated at the junction of Routes 23 and 100.

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The suffrage movement used a variety of tactics to gain support, including public speeches, pamphlets, and marches.
In addition, suffragists also used lobbying and civil disobedience to pressure lawmakers into granting voting rights to women. Finally, suffragists held hunger strikes and refused to pay taxes to demonstrate their commitment to the cause.

The suffrage movement used three methods to gain support, which are mentioned below:

1) Mass meetings and rallies Organizing mass meetings and rallies was a popular method used by the suffrage movement to gain support. These events were typically held outdoors in public spaces such as parks and streets, attracting large numbers of people who were interested in the cause. By delivering speeches and other forms of public address, leaders of the suffrage movement were able to persuade many individuals to join their cause.

2) Lobbying by politicians and government officials The suffrage movement used lobbying to persuade politicians and other government officials to support their cause. They sought to educate politicians and public officials about the importance of granting voting rights to women, highlighting the fact that women made up half of the population and were just as capable of making informed political decisions as men. This method was especially effective at the local and state levels, where politicians were more likely to be accessible to grassroots organizations such as the suffrage movement.

3) Press and media campaigns The suffrage movement also utilized the press and media to gain support for their cause. They used newspapers, magazines, and other forms of mass media to publish articles and editorials in support of women's suffrage. Additionally, they produced posters, leaflets, and other printed materials to distribute to the public, which helped spread awareness of their campaign and recruit new members.

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The Federalist Party and its forerunners dominated American politics throughout the Federalist Period, which spanned the years 1788 to 1800.

Federalists dominated Congress at this time and had the backing of Presidents George Washington and John Adams.

The era witnessed the emergence of a new, more powerful federal government under the American Constitution, a strengthening of nationalism, and a decline in concerns about the tyranny of a centralized authority.

Federalism is a kind of government in which two levels of authority share control over the same territory. Local issues are often addressed by smaller subdivisions, states, and cities, while the larger geographic regions are managed more widely by an overarching national government.

Federalism encourages political involvement. Federalism promotes economic equality throughout the nation. Federalism allows for several governmental tiers. A variety of viewpoints are accommodated under federalism.

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The FSLIC exhibited a policy of leniency toward the many failing savings institutions during the 80s, leading to insolvency of the fund by 1989.e FSLIC exhibited a policy of forbearance toward the many failing savings institutions during the 80s, leading to insolvency of the fund by 1989.
The FSLIC exhibited a policy of forbearance toward the many failing savings institutions during the 80s, leading to insolvency of the fund by 1989.What is forbearance?In a real estate context, forbearance refers to the action of delaying foreclosure or other legal action against a borrower who is in arrears. The ability to demonstrate leniency by taking a delay or a payment from a borrower is a critical attribute of a lender who wants to maintain a positive working relationship with their customers during challenging times. Forbearance can be beneficial in a number of ways, including extending the amount of time a borrower has to repay their debt, reducing the size of their monthly payment, or eliminating the amount they owe altogether.The above-mentioned paragraph implies that the FSLIC exhibited a policy of forbearance toward the many failing savings institutions during the 80s, leading to insolvency of the fund by 1989.

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The Pendleton Act of 1883, the first piece of federal legislation to begin breaking down the spoils system, created a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to supervise the federal job application process.

The Pendleton Act of 1883, also known as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, was passed by the US Congress in response to public outcries over the patronage or "spoils" system that had long dominated federal appointments. It established the US Civil Service Commission to oversee federal appointments in the hope of ensuring that individuals who were employed in the federal government were qualified and deserving of their positions.

Bipartisan Civil Service Commission to supervise federal job application process. The act established a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to supervise the federal job application process. The Commission was made up of three commissioners, each of whom served a six-year term.

The Commission's responsibility was to oversee the implementation of the civil service system, which provided for the selection of qualified individuals for government jobs through competitive examinations, rather than through the spoils system.

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Apartheid was the policy of racial discrimination and segregation in south africa during the 20th century. Christian religion was used as validation of the Segregation regime.

In the nation of Southern Africa and the west coast of Africa, there existed an arrangement of organized ethnic partitioning known as apartheid.  Separating individuals based on racial prejudice or cultural criteria is the basis of apartheid, a policy. During the time when a white population controlled South Africa, the inhuman apartheid system was applied all over the area. It imposed ethnic discrimination against people of color, primarily based on their skin tone and facial characteristics. Christian religion was used as validation of the Segregation regime d.uring that time, as well as a major source of inspiration for those engaged in the fight.

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Answer:

Explanation:

4

Answer:D

Explanation:

After the British won the french and indian war, a part of the seven years war, they faced significant economic issues due to the costs of the war.

The British encountered various issues, despite their triumph. The economy of the thirteen colonies had taken a severe blow, which was one of the biggest difficulties they encountered after the war.

The British found it difficult to impose and enforce the tax legislation that was passed to help finance the expense of the war. The french and indian war was a critical event in the history of the United States.

The war began in 1754 and concluded in 1763, at the end of the seven years war. It was a battle between the british and french over control of land in North America.

The victory of the british over the french gave the british considerable control over land in the United States. The victory over the french and the gain of more land by the british, however, did not imply that the british could control this land quickly or effectively.

The land had already been colonized by the french, so there was a high demand for development and colonization to take place in these areas. There was an economic problem caused by the conflict's costs, as well as the demand for colonizing the new land, and the expense of protecting it from any enemy threats.

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In 1662, louis xiv asserted his authority over the marquis of canillac and other nobles who acted independently by trying and convicting them in courts of law.

Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, was the King of France from 1643 to 1715. During his reign, he worked to centralize power and assert his authority over the nobles, who had previously held significant power and autonomy.

In 1662, Louis XIV did indeed assert his authority over the Marquis of Canillac and other nobles who were acting independently by trying and convicting them in courts of law. This was part of Louis XIV's efforts to strengthen the power of the French monarchy and bring the nobility under his control.

Louis XIV's actions were seen as a bold move at the time, and they helped to cement his reputation as a strong and powerful ruler. However, they also generated opposition from some quarters, as many nobles resented the loss of their traditional powers and privileges. Overall, Louis XIV's efforts to centralize power and assert his authority over the nobility played a significant role in shaping the course of French history during his reign.

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Answer:

The 12th Amendment to the Constitution was passed following a deadlock between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr in the presidential election of 1800.

Albert Speer was a German architect, politician, and senior Nazi official who played a significant role in the Nazi regime. Speer's legacy is controversial because of his involvement in the Holocaust, and many scholars have debated whether he was truly ignorant of the genocide or was simply trying to protect himself from prosecution.

Albert Speer was born on March 19, 1905, in Mannheim, Germany, and died on September 1, 1981.He was a talented architect and urban planner who designed several buildings for the Nazi regime, including the Reich Chancellery.He was appointed as Adolf Hitler's chief architect in 1933 and was later promoted to the position of Minister of Armaments and War Production in 1942.Speer was responsible for the construction of concentration camps, and his department employed forced laborers from concentration camps for the production of war materials during World War II.After World War II, he was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials in 1946.Speer expressed remorse for his actions during the Holocaust and apologized for his role in the Nazi regime.Speer's legacy is controversial because of his involvement in the Holocaust, and many scholars have debated whether he was truly ignorant of the genocide or was simply trying to protect himself from prosecution.

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The succession plan would be: Senate President Pro Tempore, Speaker of the House, or Attorney General.

A succession plan in government is a documented process that outlines how key leadership positions will be filled in the event of an expected or unexpected departure of an elected or appointed official.

The succession plan if a governor is removed from office, resigns, dies, or becomes incapacitated while in office would typically involve the Lieutenant Governor assuming the position of governor. If the Lieutenant Governor is unavailable or unwilling to assume the role, then the line of succession may vary by state but would typically involve the Senate President Pro Tempore, Speaker of the House, or Attorney General, in that order.

In some states, the succession may also include specific senior U.S. Senators or Justices of the Courts of Appeals. The specific succession plan may be outlined in the state constitution or state law.

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The Venetians exported Textiles to the Ottomans. They were usually woven in other cities like Florence which were so valuable because their color remained vibrant. This is because they were dyed with a chemical called alum, which was found mainly in Anatolia, located at Ottoman Empire .

We cannot survive without them because we are traders, as a Venetian envoy put it. The Venetians purchased from the Ottomans completed items like soap, paper, and textiles, while the Ottomans bought from the Venetians wheat, spices, raw silk, cotton, and ash (used to make glass).

Through trade lines that originated in the salt trade, the republic of Venice produced and exchanged premium salt, salted goods, and other goods. The Venetians took over the salt trade from other salt manufacturing centres nearby Venice and established a monopoly in the supply of salt to Italy.

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The correct question is :

The Venetians exported _______________ to the Ottomans. They were usually woven in other cities like ___________ which were so valuable because their color remained vibrant. This is because they were dyed with a chemical called alum, which was found mainly in Anatolia, located at ___________________ .

Here are eight words that come from indigenous languages and are commonly used in English: Alaska, Barbecue, Canoe, Hammock, Kayak, Potlatch, Squash and Totem.

The English language has borrowed a number of words from various indigenous languages spoken around the world. For example, the word "Alaska" comes from the Aleut language spoken in Alaska and eastern Russia. "Barbecue" and "Hammock" comes from the Taino language, which is indigenous to the Caribbean. "Canoe" comes from Arawak, an indigenous language spoken in South America and the Caribbean.

"Kayak" comes from Inuktitut, which is spoken in Canada and parts of Greenland. "Potlatch" comes from Chinook Jargon, a trade language that developed among indigenous peoples in the Pacific Northwest. "Squash" comes from Narragansett, an indigenous language spoken in what is now Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Lastly, "totem" comes from Ojibwe, an indigenous language spoken in Canada and parts of the United States. These loanwords not only showcase the diversity of languages around the world but also provide a glimpse into the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples.

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The period from circa 1750 to 1900 saw a surge of revolutions that reshaped societies and politics across the world. These revolutions took various forms, from political upheavals to social and economic transformations. While some revolutions led to significant political and social changes, others failed to deliver the intended outcomes. Therefore, evaluating the extent to which revolutions brought about political or social changes is a complex task that requires examining each revolution's unique context and goals.

One of the most prominent revolutions in this period was the American Revolution of 1776. The American Revolution was a political revolution that aimed to overthrow British colonial rule and establish a new nation based on principles of democracy and individual rights. This revolution led to the formation of the United States of America, a country that became a beacon of freedom and democracy for the world. The American Revolution not only established a new political order but also paved the way for social changes, including the abolition of slavery and the extension of voting rights to more citizens.

Similarly, the French Revolution of 1789 was a significant political and social upheaval that aimed to overthrow the monarchy and establish a republic based on the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity. The French Revolution led to the establishment of a new political order, including the adoption of a new constitution and the execution of the king. Moreover, the revolution brought about social changes, including the abolition of feudalism and the implementation of policies aimed at reducing inequality.

In Latin America, revolutions against Spanish colonial rule began in the early 1800s and continued throughout the century. These revolutions aimed to establish independent nations that would be free from colonial oppression. While some of these revolutions, such as the Mexican Revolution of 1910, led to significant political and social changes, others, such as the Venezuelan War of Independence, failed to deliver their intended outcomes.

In Asia, the Taiping Rebellion in China aimed to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and establish a new social and political order based on Christian beliefs. While the rebellion failed to achieve its ultimate goal, it led to significant social changes, including the promotion of gender equality and the adoption of new agricultural practices.

However, not all revolutions in this period led to significant political or social changes. The Haitian Revolution of 1791, for example, aimed to overthrow French colonial rule and establish an independent nation. While the revolution succeeded in achieving its political goal, it failed to bring about significant social changes, as slavery continued for several decades after the revolution.

In conclusion, revolutions that occurred in the period circa 1750 to 1900 had varying degrees of success in bringing about political and social changes. While some revolutions, such as the American and French Revolutions, led to significant political and social transformations, others failed to deliver their intended outcomes. Therefore, evaluating the extent to which revolutions brought about political or social changes requires examining each revolution's unique context and goals.

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Answer:

Stalin's Five-Year Plan, implemented between 1928 and 1932, sought to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union and increase its economic power in order to compete with the industrialized nations of the West. This had a considerable effect on the Soviet economy and the Russian people. In regards to the economy, the plan was successful in significantly escalating industrial production, with the country becoming one of the world's leading industrial powers.

However, this came at a price, as other sectors such as agriculture and consumer goods were neglected, leading to food shortages and a decrease in living standards for numerous individuals in the Soviet Union. Additionally, industrialization was attained at the expense of workers' rights and conditions of living.

Regarding the Russian people, the plan was accompanied by a huge propaganda campaign with the intention of creating a new Soviet citizen devoted to hard work and loyalty to the state, and a variety of methods were used to motivate people to work harder. Social changes were also seen, with women being inspired to enter the workforce and the government investing in new schools and hospitals. Nevertheless, repression and control were also implemented to limit freedom of expression. In conclusion, Stalin's Five-Year Plan had a considerable impact on the Soviet economy and the Russian people.

One of the first national unions in the 1880s was the Knights of Labor. Fast rise was immediately followed by a quick drop. After all, the after all, the after all, the (sometimes called the AFL). In 1886, Sam Gompers founded the American Football League.

But in the late nineteenth-century American labor movement, "industrial unions" were the main player. They wanted to bring all workers in a certain industry together, regardless of skill level. Discrimination based on race or national origin was frequently prohibited.

Labor law seeks to achieve power balance between the employer and the employee by, among other things, prohibiting an employer from firing a worker without cause, creating and upholding procedures that permit workers to be acknowledged as "equal" partners in discussions about their working conditions, and other objectives.

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The linguistic diversity represented on the map contributed most directly to the following developments regarding French foreign policy in the 19th century.

France was characterized by a strong sense of national identity and centralized government. The various groups living in the region spoke different languages and had different cultural practices.

Linguistic diversity refers to the variety of languages spoken by people in a specific geographical region. It implies the existence of a range of dialects within a language, as well as the presence of numerous languages in a given region.

Linguistic diversity is the foundation of multilingualism and is a crucial component of social and cultural diversity in the world. In the nineteenth century, the situation in France was such that the country was divided into different regions with distinct cultures and languages.

Brittany, for example, spoke Breton, which was very distinct from French, while Alsace-Lorraine spoke a Germanic dialect that was very different from French, which was the official language of the nation. This linguistic diversity posed a challenge to the French government, which was intent on strengthening national unity and promoting centralization.

The government was aware that linguistic diversity might potentially lead to regionalism and separatism. As a result, they attempted to restrict the use of non-French languages, particularly in public life and education. The linguistic diversity in France was a major factor in the country's foreign policy decisions.

In the 19th century, France pursued a policy of territorial expansion to offset its economic and political weaknesses. French policymakers sought to create an empire that would rival that of Britain. As a result, France expanded its territorial holdings in Africa and Asia, in order to gain new markets for its goods and sources of raw materials.

The linguistic diversity of the people living in these regions presented a challenge to French policymakers, as they had to decide whether to assimilate these populations into French culture or respect their linguistic and cultural diversity.

Ultimately, French policymakers chose to adopt an assimilationist policy, arguing that the French language and culture were superior to those of the colonized peoples.

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Answer:

b) he began the trend of deregulating big business

The action of Yung Su to gather a group to voice their opinions in the middle of the city square and give a speech outlining the faults of the party, the mistakes of the President, and the overall failure of the administration is constitutional under the 1st Amendment. The correct answer is option a.

The 1st Amendment of the US Constitution protects citizens' rights to assemble and speak out publicly on issues, so Yung Su's gathering and speech are protected under the 1st Amendment. Unconstitutional; 1st Amendment: Yung Su's speech is not unconstitutional under the 1st Amendment, since it is protected as a form of free speech.

Constitutional; 2nd Amendment: The 2nd Amendment does not apply to Yung Su's speech since it protects the right to bear arms and does not address public assembly or free speech. Unconstitutional; 1st Amendment: The 1st Amendment does not make Yung Su's speech unconstitutional. As stated before, the 1st Amendment protects citizens' right to free speech, so Yung Su's speech is not unconstitutional under the 1st Amendment.

The 1st Amendment is a part of the Bill of Rights. It was enacted in 1791 and it grants citizens the freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly. It states that the government can not pass any law that interferes with citizens' right to worship or to express themselves freely. The Amendment makes it possible for people to assemble and make public speeches.

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The following political issues best align with the sentiments expressed in the extract above: rising protests and public hostility.

The specific purpose statement emphasizes the speech's focus, whereas the thesis statement outlines the speech's overall objective.

The thesis statement of an essay and the main concept in a speech are extremely similar. The audience is informed of the aim or purpose of the speech by this precise and in-depth declaration. The specific goal of the speech is represented by a central thought, also referred to as the speech's main theme.

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Clause 12 represents a power shift from the king, who previously had complete control over taxation, to a more representative body that included the king's subjects. Also, this was a significant departure from the king's previous practice of imposing taxes without consultation, which had been a significant source of tension between the king and his subjects.

Clause 12 refers to the Magna Carta, a charter of liberties granted by King John of England in 1215. This clause was significant because it limited the king's power to impose taxes unilaterally and gave the common council a say.

This was a critical step towards a more democratic form of government, where the people had a more excellent voice in decision-making. It also helped to establish the principle of consent, which meant that the people had to agree to any new taxes before they could be imposed.

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The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries can primarily be explained in the context of European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power. This was done through advances in naval power and weapons, which allowed European powers to assert their dominance through sea and land. In addition, the Industrial Revolution brought with it new technologies and weaponry which gave European countries the upper hand in global conflicts. These advances in technology and military power allowed European countries to expand their empires by conquering non-European societies and by establishing political, economic, and cultural dominance.

The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of European states using joint-stock companies to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societies.The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of European states using joint-stock companies to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societies.What is the joint-stock company?A joint-stock company is a business structure that was created to reduce the risks and costs associated with starting a business in the 16th century. It is similar to a modern-day corporation in that it allows individuals to pool their capital resources to establish a larger, more stable business. This makes the organization more stable because it spreads the risk among multiple investors, increasing the chance that it will be able to meet its financial obligations.When it comes to European states and their expansion, joint-stock companies were used to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societies. In the 16th century, European colonial powers used joint-stock companies to gain a foothold in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.The same approach was used by Russia as it expanded its empire in the late 18th and 19th centuries. Peter the Great, in particular, launched numerous companies to attract foreign investors and promote international trade, with the ultimate goal of strengthening Russia's economy and expanding its territorial control. As a result of these policies, the Russian Empire was able to expand its control over Central Asia, Siberia, and the Caucasus.

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The white elites at St. Domingue were angered when the National Assembly in France granted political rights to free people of color in 1791.

St. Domingue was a French colony situated on the western side of the Hispaniola Island from 1659 to 1804. It is now known as Haiti. The colony was the wealthiest colony of France, and it was the home to white elites who owned numerous plantations and slaves.

The slaves who were a large part of the St. Domingue society demanded freedom, and they got their first chance in August 1791 when they rebelled against their slave owners. The St. Domingue slaves formed a revolutionary force that was opposed to the French colonizers.

The white elites at St. Domingue reacted angrily to the National Assembly of France granting political rights to free people of color in 1791. The political rights were the right to vote, and the white elites did not want the free people of color to have them. They were opposed to any efforts to change the St. Domingue society's social classes.

In conclusion, the white elites at St. Domingue were angered when the National Assembly in France granted political rights to free people of color in 1791. The white elites did not want the free people of color to have the right to vote, and they were opposed to any changes in the social classes of St. Domingue society.

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Answer:

"Most white northerners at the time [1860] viewed blacks as inferior. ...Only a few [white northerners] held strong opinions about slavery... A vocal minority of northerners were abolitionists. Some white northern bankers, mill owners, and merchants earned a lot of money on southern cotton and tobacco or by trading or transporting enslaved people. They were sympathetic to Southern plantation owners and did not want to abolish slavery."

14. How does the author of this secondary source interpret northern views of slavery in 1860?

a. Most northerners believed that slavery was morally wrong.

B. Most northerners were sympathetic to or supported slavery.

b. Most northerners wanted to abolish slavery.

d. Northerners wanted to expand the plantations in the North.

Explanation:

Based on the information provided in the quote, the author of this secondary source interprets that in 1860, most white northerners viewed blacks as inferior, but only a few held strong opinions about slavery. A vocal minority of northerners were abolitionists, but some white northern bankers, mill owners, and merchants were sympathetic to Southern plantation owners and did not want to abolish slavery. Therefore, the author does not interpret that most northerners were sympathetic to or supported slavery (option B). Instead, the author's interpretation suggests that there were a variety of opinions on slavery among white northerners, ranging from those who were abolitionists to those who were sympathetic to Southern plantation owners. However, the author does not indicate that most northerners wanted to abolish slavery (option C) or that northerners wanted to expand the plantations in the North (option D).

We can see when the author says, "And if a few thousand Nazi collaborators ended up in the US refugee potpourri, better them than Jews, who belonged in Palestine?", he is referring to the fact that US immigration policy during World War II prioritized admitting refugees who were deemed to be of "desirable" backgrounds, such as those with skills or those who had family members in the US.

An author is a person who writes a book, article, or any other form of written work. They may write fiction or non-fiction, poetry, plays, or other types of literature.

The author is responsible for creating the content of the written work and for conveying a message, telling a story, or sharing information with the reader.

The "shocking cynicism" that the author refers to in the title of the article is the way in which US refugee policy during World War II prioritized excluding Jewish refugees, even when it was clear that they were facing persecution and death in Europe. The author argues that the US government was more concerned with preserving its own interests than with helping those in need.

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