Please list answers below

Answer:

A cladogram is a diagram used to represent a hypothetical relationship between groups of animals, called a phylogeny.

Answer:

Explanation:

Genetic drift, gene flow, mutations, and natural selection are responsible for the change in the gene pool over time. Example of genetic drift: a population of rabbits with alleles B and b, both alleles are present in equal frequencies p = 0.5 and q = 0.5 if 10 parents reproduce the probability of having an offspring with alleles B or b is 0.5; however, by chance, a slight difference in the offspring allele frequency might occur due to random sampling. As a result, in the next generation, the allele frequencies will change slightly to new frequencies by chance to become p = 0.4 and q = 0.6. in the following generations, the random sampling of alleles continues and the change in allele frequency will be greatly different from the initial 0.5 frequency due to genetic drift. Even though genetic drifting is one of the factors that participate in the evolutionary process of the genetic pool by increasing or decreasing a certain allele’s frequency, however, it does not influence the adaptation of individuals to the environment since the affected genes may be harmful or beneficial genes.

Resources:

Masel, J. (2011). Genetic drift. Current Biology, 21(20), R837-R838.‏

Kliman, R. M. (2016). Encyclopedia of evolutionary biology. Academic Press.‏

Maloy, S., & Hughes, K. (Eds.). (2013). Brenner’s Encyclopedia of Genetics. Academic Press.‏

Clark, M, A., Douglas, M., & Choi, J. (2018). Biology 2e. Openstax

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Answer:

if  An individual has an extra chromosome in every one of its cells, the mutation that must have occurred is A non-disjunction mutation in the gamete of one of the parents

If an individual has trisomy resulting in Down syndrome and has an extra chromosome in each cell, the mutation that must have occurred is A. A nondisjunction mutation in the gamete of one of the parents.

Down syndrome simply means a genetic disorder that is caused when there's an abnormal cell division that then leads to extra genetic material.

The effect of Down syndrome is the fact that it leads to an intellectual disability, developmental delays, and a distinct facial appearance.

The mutation that has occurred with someone that has a Down syndrome is the nondisjunction mutation in the gamete of one of the parents.

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Answer:

hope this answer help you

Interphase is the answer to your question

girl is that mold on your screen?

Answer:

i cant understand

Explanation:

because your language in vietnam

Answer:

it is differs from reproduction because conjunction group of answers

Conjugation transfers DNA horizontally, to nearby cells without those cells undergoing replication.

Conjugation is a mechanism of genetic transfer in bacteria where genetic material, usually in the form of plasmids, is transferred from one bacterial cell to another. Unlike reproduction, which involves the replication and inheritance of genetic material through cell division, conjugation allows bacteria to transfer genetic material horizontally between cells that are in close proximity to each other.

During conjugation, the donor bacterial cell containing the plasmid makes contact with the recipient cell through a specialized structure called a pilus. The plasmid DNA is then transferred from the donor cell to the recipient cell through this pilus. The transferred DNA can include genes that provide advantages such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to metabolize certain substances.

The key difference between conjugation and reproduction is that conjugation does not involve replication of the recipient cell's entire genome. Instead, it transfers specific genetic material from one cell to another. The recipient cell does not undergo replication as a result of conjugation but acquires new genetic information from the donor cell.

Reproduction, on the other hand, involves the replication and inheritance of the complete set of genetic material in the parent cell. It results in the production of offspring cells that are genetically identical or similar to the parent cell.

In summary, conjugation is a form of genetic transfer in bacteria where DNA is horizontally transferred between cells without those cells undergoing replication. It allows for the exchange of genetic material and the acquisition of new traits by recipient cells. Reproduction, on the other hand, involves the replication and inheritance of genetic material through cell division.

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Answer: its the top one

Answer:

To prevent a pathogen infection

Answer:

An equation is math so i dont really know

Explanation:

Dude im sorry im just trying get some racks

that's true

stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per beat

cardiac output is the blood pumped by ventricles per minute

Answer:

The pumping of the heart involves the alternate contraction and relaxation of the chambers of the heart. The upper chambers of the heart are called at atria and the lower chambers of the heart are called ventricles.

its A, i took the test sorry for not anasewring at the right time of year, pardon me

Answer:

Carbohydrates

Explanation:

Carbohydrates are a group of macromolecules that are a vital energy source for the cell, provide structural support to many organisms, and can be found on the surface of the cell as receptors or for cell recognition.

Answer:

Carbohydrates

Explanation:

Answer: Gene that arose through gene duplication, but by acquiring mutations became nonfunctional.

Explanation:

A gene is a functional unit of heredity formed by DNA. They possess a sequence of nitrogenous bases that during translation is read by ribosomes to produce molecules called proteins.  A pseudogene is a DNA sequence that resembles a gene, but which has been inactivated in the course of evolution by mutations in its sequence. Thus, it is a gene that derives from other known genes and whose functions are different, may have lost their functionality or have radically changed it. To this day, it is not known exactly how pseudogenes are created, however some theories are as follows:

1. A gene duplication can generate two copies of a gene when only one is needed. A mutation would then occur that deactivates one of the copies. In addition, the duplication event may not be complete, so that the copy has incomplete promoters.  

2. They may be fragments of the messenger RNA transcript of a gene may be spontaneously reverse transcribed and inserted into the chromosomal DNA. They lack the promoters of normal genes, so they are not expressed normally.

3. A gene may become non-functional or inactivated if such a mutation becomes fixed in the population. This can occur by normal means such as natural selection or genetic drift.

Answer:

The solar wind is a plasma, a stream of charged particles (ions and electrons) that are continuously escaping from the Sun into the interplanetary medium.

Answer:

The scientific method is a system of exploring the world around us, asking and answering questions, and making predictions. Scientists use the scientific method because it is objective and based on evidence. A hypothesis is fundamental to the scientific method. A hypothesis can take the form of an explanation or a prediction. There are several ways to break down the steps of the scientific method, but it always involves forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and determining whether or not the hypothesis is correct. If the hypothesis is rejected, this does not mean the experiment was a failure. In fact, if you proposed a null hypothesis (the easiest to test), rejecting the hypothesis may be sufficient to state the results. Sometimes, if the hypothesis is rejected, you reformulate the hypothesis or discard it and then go back to the experimentation stage.

The process of scientific learning refers to the various steps via which one can examine and study our environment to understand it. Once understanding or know-how is achieved, then technology is said to have advanced further.

All the above require consistent documentation at each stage. Please see the attached image for the flowchart.

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Answer:

A tadpole is the larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian. Where as a froglet is a semi metamorphosed Tadpole. A froglet is still in the process of becoming a frog, through tice the froglet will slowly metamorphoses futher to its adult and final stage.

Explanation:

Answer:

Environmental hazards such as predators reduce the change if surviving into adulthood, Large amounts of gametes go unfertilised and wasted, Not guaranteed that sperm will come in contact with eggs, Greater chance of desiccation of gametes/zygotes.

Explanation:

Answer: A. Chromosomes are duplicated.

Explanation: This is the correct answer on the quiz.

Chromosomes are duplicated in S phase. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

What do you mean by S phase?

Between G1 phase and G2 phase, DNA replication takes place during S phase of the cell cycle. The processes that take place during S-phase are tightly controlled and highly conserved.

The cell replicates its genetic material entirely during the S phase of DNA synthesis; At the end of S phase, a normal diploid somatic cell with a DNA complement of 2N acquires a DNA complement of 4N.

DNA synthesis or replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle, which occurs prior to the interphase. Before entering mitosis or meiosis, the cell's genetic material is replicated in this manner, leaving enough DNA for daughter cells to divide.

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Answer:

vellus

Explanation:

Answer:

I think the answer is A

Explanation:

I would wait for someone else to answer though.

Answer:

Decrease the pumping of NADPH across the thylakoid membrane

Decrease of flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I

Explanation:

Thylakoids are defined as a membrane-bound compartments located inside the chloroplasts and the cyanobacteria. Here, light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occurs.

To block the photosynthesis process, the herbicides pushes the dichlorophenyl dimethylurea to block the electron flow through the photosynthesis II and it reduces the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I. It also decreases pumping of the NADPH across the thylakoid membrane.

Finches have adapted different beak sizes and shapes because they eat different foods. So the correct option is C.

Natural selection is a mechanism for evolution to happen. It is the process by which living organisms acquire certain characters according to their needs.

It is important to understand natural selection to understand the essential concepts of the processes by which living organisms have been able to develop the complex structures which are helped them to survive.

Natural selection results from various conditions of environment, ecosystem and heredity. An example of natural selection is the development of antimicrobial resistance to pathogens.

Finches are known to have developed different sizes and shapes of beaks according to the kind of food that they eat. If they fed on insects, they had long and pointed beaks. If they fed on seeds and nuts, they had broad and blunt beaks.

Therefore the correct option is B.

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Answer:

homeostasis

Explanation:

Answer:

homeostasis

Explanation:

ik

Answer:

Homeostasis, from the Greek words for "same" and "steady," refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival. The term was coined in 1930 by the physician Walter Cannon.

Explanation:

Designing and performing an experiment is the best way to test a hypothesis.

This is defined as a proposed explanation about a particular phenomenon or occurrence.

Performing experiments helps to test if the hypothesis if it is valid or not which is why option A was chosen.

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Answer:

Paramecium live in aquatic environments, usually in stagnant, warm water. The species Paramecium bursaria forms symbiotic relationships with green algae. The algae live in its cytoplasm. Algal photosynthesis provides a food source for Paramecium.

Answer:

Enterococcus.

Explanation:

Enterococcus is reason for nosocomial infection with predilection for older patients with multiple comorbidities. It is usually caused by longer stay in hospital.  The infections may include urinary tract infections, wound infection and intra abdomen or pelvic infections.