Acid Chloride, followed by Acid Anhydride, Acid Ester, and Acid Amide, is the sequence of reactivity for carboxylic acid derivatives. Acid amides are the least reactive, while acid chlorides are more so.
This is as a result of the leaving group's basicity order, which is as follows.
Acid Chloride, followed by Acid Anhydride,, Acid Ester, and Acid Amide, is the sequence of reactivity for carboxylic acid derivatives. Acid amides are the least reactive, while acid chlorides are more so. This is as a result of the leaving group's basicity order, which is as follows. Was this response useful? The following carboxylic acids should be arranged in decreasing order of reactivity. The carboxylic acid must first be activated before a nucleophilic substitution may take place. Acid chlorides can be transformed into amides, esters, or acid anhydrides. Because acid chlorides are the most reactive of the compounds, these reactions are feasible.
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1 Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate solution.
2HCl(aq)+Na2CO2(aq) →2NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)
(a) Explain why effervescence is seen during the reaction.
(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid was titrated with sodium carbonate solution.
10.0cm³ of 0.100mol/dm³ hydrochloric acid were placed in a conical flask.
- A few drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the dilute hydrochloric acid.
- The mixture was titrated with sodium carbonate solution.
16.2cm³ of sodium carbonate solution were required to react completely with the acid.
(i) What colour would the methyl orange indicator be in the hydrochloric acid?
(ii) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid were used.
mol1
(iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) and the equation for the reaction to calculate the number of moles of sodium carbonate that reacted.
mol [1]
(iv) Use your answer to (b)(iii) to calculate the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution in mol2dm³.
(c) In another experiment, 0.020mol of sodium carbonate were reacted with excess hydrochloric acid.
Calculate the maximum volume (at r.t.p.) of carbon dioxide gas that could be made in this reaction.
The reaction 0.01 moles of HCL and 0.005 moles of sodium carbonate are employed.
(a) Carbon dioxide gas is released when sodium hydrogen carbonate and diluted hydrochloric acid interact. Carbon dioxide can be detected by passing it through lime water, which turns milky, or by observing the formation of a white precipitate of calcium carbonate. The gas's identity as carbon dioxide is therefore confirmed.
(b) i-When methyl orange is added to diluted hydrochloric acid, the solution's color changes to red. A common pH indicator used in the titration is methyl orange.
ii & iii Given:
0.1 molar in 10 milliliter With 16.2 ml of sodium carbonate solution, diluted HCL is titrated.
Solution:
How much HCL will be used—in moles.
Solution:
NaCl (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O = Na2CO3 (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) (l)
Knowing that,
Molarity = (n/v)*100
For HCL remedy
0.1 = [n/10]*100
1.01 moles, or n.
2 moles of HCL are needed for 1 mole of sodium carbonate.
=> Half a mole of sodium carbonate is needed for every mole of HCL.
=> 0.005 mole of sodium carbonate is needed for every 0.01 mole of HCL.
Consequently, 0.01 moles of HCL and 0.005 moles of sodium carbonate are employed.
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descrie what would happen in the follopwing situations. in the reaction h2so4 (aq) h hso4 the ph has been increased
The pH will decrease and goes in acidic sense in the following situations i.e. in the reaction of H2SO4 (aq) + HSO4.
Chemistry uses a scale known as pH, which formerly stood for "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen"), to express how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is. Acidic solutions (solutions with higher H+ ion concentrations) have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions. The pH scale, which is logarithmic, exhibits an inverse relationship with the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. To trace the pH scale, a group of standard solutions whose pH has been established by international agreement can be employed. The potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode, such as the silver chloride electrode, is measured using a concentration cell with transference to obtain the primary pH standard values. The pH of aqueous solutions can be measured using a glass electrode, a pH meter, or a color-changing indicator. pH measurements are important in many fields, including chemistry, agronomy, medicine, water treatment, and many more.
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which of the following is not a network solid? selected answer: correctc. co2(s) correct answer: correctc. co2(s)
We were aware that SiO2 is a network covalent solid and that CO2 is a molecular solid, but I'm not sure how I would go about determining that.
Each silicon and carbon have the same number of valence electrons, and they both contain two oxygen atoms. Because solid sulfur dioxide is a molecule and has covalent bonds, it is not a network solid even if it is a solid and has covalent bonds. An example of a network solid is diamond. One of the many forms of elemental carbon found in nature, diamond is an allotrope of carbon. On an atomic level, it resembles this. The carbon atoms are linked together by the lines.
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PLEASE HELP!!!
1. SEP Develop Models
Use the space to draw electron dot structures to model the bonding in calcium oxide (CaO), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), and potassium nitride (K₂N). As you develop your models, consider the following: Use the diagram for NaCl as a guide for your electron dot structures. After the bond is formed, each ion should have a complete outer electron shell, and the overall charge on the compound should be zero.
Answer:
Calcium Oxide must be Ionic, as we have one metal and one non metal involved. the metal is Calcium and the non metal is Oxygen. Meaning Calcium must be the one that transfers (loses) electrons to Oxygen, and Oxygen gains these electrons. It would look something like this:
Because Calcium transfers 2 electrons, it now has 2 more positively charged protons than the total number of electrons, as two electrons are lost. this means Calcium is no longer an atom, as it's positive protons and negative electrons can't cancel and make it neutral, it is now an ion, and a positively charged one at that. Same thing applies for Oxygen, but the opposite. because it has 2 more negative electrons than it's total of positive protons, it is now also an ion, and a negative one at that. The diagrams provided show the charges of the ions.
Potassium Nitrate must also be Ionic, for the same reason as before. the metal is Potassium and the non metal is Nitrogen. However, because Potassium is in Group 1, it only has 1 electron it can transfer to Nitrogen, but Nitrogen needs 2 electrons for a full outer energy level, therefore, we must have two Potassium atoms in this equation. It would look something like this:
Because there are two Potassium ions, each with a +1 charge, this means the overall charge of the Potassium ions is 2+, and this cancels out with the 2- provided by one ion of Nitrogen
Why the sulphides precipitate of group IIA should be washed with distilled water and then centrifuged before addition of dilution solution of HNO3?
Because of the fact that certain ions and impurities are adsorbed on the precipitate's surface. Precipitate is washed with tap water in order to eliminate these contaminants since water will wash away any pollutants that are still soluble in it.
Why are ions formed?Ions are electrically charged particles that may be produced by either taking electrons away from neutrality atoms to form positive ions or adding electrons to neutral atom to form negative ions. The quantity of protons remains constant during the creation of an ion.
Are ions a form of energy?Negative ions are believed to trigger biochemical processes that enhance serotonin levels once they enter our blood, which helps to reduce depression, reduce stress, and improve energy.
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a molecule of water contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass. this is a statement of . group of answer choices the law of conservation of mass the law of constant composition the law of conservation of energy none of the above the law of multiple proportions
A molecule of water contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass. this is a statement of the law of constant composition. Option B.
A water molecule is composed of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms bonded in a 2:1 ratio. Due to their fixed mass ratios, water molecules obey the law of constant proportions. Another example of a compound that obeys the law of constant ratios is methane.
To illustrate this, consider the production of water from molecular oxygen and hydrogen. Therefore mass is conserved. Conservation of mass can be used in chemical calculations. The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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a valid lewis structure of cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule. group of answer choices nf3 so42- pf3 sbf3 if3
A valid lewis structure of cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule is IF₃.
According to the octet rule the atoms will be more stable if the valence electrons in the valence are eight electrons.
a) NF₃ = in the lewis structure of NF₃ the atom will contains the eight valence electrons in the valence shell. thus it follows the octet rule.
b) SO₄²⁻ = SO₄²⁻ , lewis structure follows the octet rule . atoms contains the eight valence electrons.
c) PF₃ = phosphorus valence electrons is 5 and the fluorine valence electron is 7 and fulfil the octet rule.
d) IF₃ = in the lewis structure IF₃ , it does not follows the octet rule . it contains the more than eight electrons .
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Briefly describe each layer of Earth.
The layers of the earth include the following;troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It's explanation will be discussed below.
What are the layers of the earth?The layers of the earth are grouped into five major layers that includes the following:
Troposphere: This is the layer of the earth that is closest to the earth's surface. It is characterized by having 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and remainder of trace gases (carbon dioxide, ozone, hydrocarbons, argon).
Stratosphere: This layers is located immediately above the troposphere. This layer is where ozone formation occurs and it's suitable for flying jets. It can be said that the stratosphere helps to protect us against ultraviolet rays of the sunlight.
Mesosphere: This is the layer found immediately above the stratosphere. This layer is characterized by having internal atmospheric gravity waves.
Thermosphere: This is the layer that is found immediately above the Mesosphere. It has the ability to absorb the sun's radiation.
Exosphere: This is the layer that is found immediately above the thermosphere. There is accumulation of the lightest gases such as hydrogen and helium in this layer.
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Atoms will combine with each in order to become more chemically stable. Compound are formed between two atoms that hare outer energy levels. The two types of compounds that can be formed between atoms are ionic and covalent. Ionic compounds are formed between two nonmetal ion. Metals will lose electrons to form positive ions and nonmetals will gain electrons to form negative ions. These oppositely charge ions are very attracted to each other and form very strong bonds as a result. lonic compounds are characterized by crystalline structure, Two: or more pairs of electrons. The force of attraction between the nonmetals is relatively weak. Covalent compounds are characterized by i meting and boiling points and can be gases, liquids, or soft solids at room temperature.
The majority of stable atoms share electrons. When two atoms share electrons, they establish a covalent bond. The result of sharing electrons are molecules, which are neutral particles.
Why does an atom's outer energy level reach its maximum when it is full?Due to the fact that all orbitals will be filled, an entire octet is exceedingly stable. A process that increases the stability of the atoms will release energy in the form of heat or light because more stable atoms have less energy.
What increases an atom's stability?Whether or not an atom's outermost shell is filled with electrons determines how stable the atom is. The atom is stable if the outer shell is filled. Because they are unstable, empty outer shell atoms typically form chemical bonds.
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Using any data you can find in the ALEKS Data resource, calculate the equilibrium constant K at 25.0 °C for the following reaction. N2(g) + 3H2(g) --> 2NH3(g) Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
The Gibbs energy of reaction
ΔG is related to the equilibrium constant K
according to the expression
ΔG=ΔG∘+RTlnK
where ΔG∘ is the standard Gibbs energy, R is the universal gas constant with value 8.314×10−3kJmol, and T is the temperature.
At equilibrium, the Gibbs energy of reaction is equal to 0,
ΔG0=ΔG∘+RTlnK.
The standard Gibbs energy is the difference of the standard energies of formation of the products and reactants:
ΔG∘=∑nΔG∘f(products)−∑mmΔG∘f(reactants).
The variables n and m are the coefficients for each species.
From the resource, the standard energies of formation for each of these species are:
ΔG∘f(NOCl(g))=66.3kJmol
ΔG∘f(NO(g))=87.6kJmol
ΔG∘f(Cl2(g))=0kJmol
Giving this reaction a standard Gibbs energy of:
ΔG∘=[2ΔG∘f(NO(g))+ΔG∘f(Cl2(g))]−[2ΔG∘f(NOCl(g))]=[2⋅87.6kJmol+0kJmol−[2⋅66.3kJmol]=42.6kJmol
Using this data and the equation above, the equilibrium constant can be solved as:
K=exp[−ΔG∘RT]=exp⎡⎢⎢⎣−42.6kJmol(8.314×10−3kJmol)(298 K
)= 3.41×10−8
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Which of the following alkyl halides would afford the indicated product upon reaction with sodium ethoxide? I II III or IV?
IV alkyl halides would afford the indicated product upon reaction with sodium ethoxide.
Alkoxide salt sodium ethoxide is primarily employed as a potent base in organic reactions such deprotonation, dehydration, and dehalogenation. Water and atmospheric carbon dioxide are both likely to react with sodium ethoxide. Even in solid form, this causes samples that have been preserved to degrade with time. Sodium ethoxide samples eventually turn dark when stored, yet the physical appearance of degraded samples may not be noticeable. Ethoxide serves as the counterion in sodium ethoxide, an organic monosodium salt. It performs a function as a nucleophilic reagent.
Which of the following alkyl halides would afford the indicated product upon reaction with sodium ethoxide? I II III or IV?
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cobalt- is radioactive and has a half life of years. how much of a sample would be left after years? round your answer to significant digits. also, be sure your answer has a unit symbol.
Cobalt-60 is radioactive and has a half life of 5.26 years . amount of 3.60 mg sample would be left after 5.20 years is 1.82 mg.
The half-life t1/2 = 5.26 years
the decay constant , k = 0.693 / t1/2
= 0.693 / 5.26
= 0.1317 / year
the expression is given as :
t = 2.303 / k log No/N
No = 3.60 mg
t = 5.20 yr
5.20 = 2.303 / 0.1317 log 3.60 / N
5.20 = 17.4 log 3.60 / N
log 3.60 / N = 0.2988
3.60 / N = 1.989
N = 1.82 mg
The question is incomplete , the complete question is :
cobalt- is radioactive and has a half life of years. how much of a sample would be left after years? round your answer to significant digits. also, be sure your answer has a unit symbol.
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Correct the volume of 2.90 L of a gas at –12 °C to the volume occupied at 25 °C. Remember to convert between °C and K.
The volume occupied at 25 °C. Remember to convert between °C and K. V2 = 3.311 L is the correct answer.
What is volume?
Volume is a measure of the amount of space occupied by an object, or the amount of matter contained within it. It is measured in units such as cubic metres, cubic centimetres, litres, millilitres, etc. Volume is a three-dimensional concept, meaning that it requires three measurements to be taken in order to accurately measure the amount of space an object occupies. The volume of a solid object can be determined by applying the formula V = l x w x h, where l is the length, w is the width, and h is the height of the object. For a liquid or gas, the volume is calculated by measuring its mass and the density of the substance. Volume can also be used to describe the total amount of space something occupies, such as the volume of a room or the volume of a storage container.
Temperature and Volume equation
Given,
The volume at -12°C = 2.90L
Temperature, T1 = -12°C
= (-12°C + 273)
= 261K
And, Volume at 25°C = ?
(25°C + 273)K
= 298K
Now, by using this equation:-
V1/T1 = V2/T2
V2 = V1 x T2/T1
V2 = 2.90L x 298K/261K
V2 = 3.311L
Hence, The volume at 25°C will be 3.311L
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Which of the following is an observation of a chemical property?
Ozinc reacts with hydrochloric acid
density of wood is 0.51 g/cm³
water boils at 100°C.
sand paper is roughly textured
The right answer to the previous question and the correct observation of a chemical property is that zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid.
ZnCl2 +H2 = Zn +2HCL
Balanced equation:
ZnCl2 + H2 Zn + 2HCL
Zinc is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Zn and the atomic number 30. When the oxidation is removed, zinc turns shiny-greyish and at room temperature turns into a somewhat brittle metal.
All living things, including people, animals, plants, and microorganisms, depend on the trace metal zinc. It is the trace metal that is present in people in the second-highest concentration after iron. Zinc is an essential nutrient for development and a key cofactor for various enzymes. A lack of zinc can lead to a variety of diseases. Deficiency can lead to diarrhoea, infection susceptibility, and slower growth.
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Is this ammonia a polar or non polar molecule
Which of the following equations represents a reaction for which the standard entropy change is positive?
a) 3 O₂(g) --> 2 O₃(g)
b) 2 H₂(g) + O₂(g) --> 2 H₂O(l)
c) CaCO₃(s) --> CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
d) I₂(g) + 2 K(s) --> 2KI(s)
The correct response is A) The change in gaseous moles n g must be largest, indicating the formation of more gaseous products, which enhances unpredictability and, hence, entropy positive.
Entropy increases as a substance transitions from a solid to a liquid to a gas, and by observing the phases of the reactants and products, you can determine if an entropy change is positive or negative. Entropy will rise once the number of gas moles increases. The environment's negative entropy change is significantly outweighed by the system's positive entropy change. We can see that the system's entropy change is positive.
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a buffer solution with a ph of 4.31 is prepared with 1.0 m hc2h3o2 and --------m nac2h3o2. the ka of hc2h3o2 is 1.8 x 10^-5.
The concentration of sodium acetate (NaC₂H₃O₂) in the buffer solution is: 0.029 M.
What is a buffer solution?A buffer solution is a solution that is resistant to changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or a base are added to it. It is able to do this because it contains both a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid).
To determine the concentration of sodium acetate (NaC₂HO₂) in the buffer solution, you can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKa + log([C₂H₃O₂-]/[HC₂H₃O₂])
where [C₂H₃O₂-] is the concentration of the acetate ion (the conjugate base of acetic acid) and [HC₂H₃O₂] is the concentration of acetic acid.
So, Plugging in the given values, we get:
4.31 = -log(1.8 x 10^-5) + log([C₂H₃O₂-]/1.0)
Solving for [C₂H₃O₂-] above, we see that it is = 0.029 M.
Since the concentration of sodium acetate is equal to the concentration of acetate ions, the concentration of sodium acetate in the buffer solution is also 0.029 M.
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See full question below
determine the concentration of sodium acetate (NaC₂H₃O₂)) in the buffer solution below.
a buffer solution with a ph of 4.31 is prepared with 1.0 m hc2h3o2 and --------m nac2h3o2. the ka of hc2h3o2 is 1.8 x 10^-5.
What is the concentration in ppb of sulfur atoms if 120.0g of water is mixed with 0.00005g of sulfur
The concentration in ppb of sulfur atoms if 120.0g of water is mixed with 0.00005g of sulfur is 416.7 ppb.
What is the concentration of a solution?The concentration of a substance is the amount of that substance present in a given amount of solution or solvent.
Concentration can be expressed as a molar concentration or mass concentration.
The molar concentration is the ratio of the moles of the substance and the volume of the solvent or solution.
The mass concentration is the ratio of the substance's mass and the solvent's volume or solution's volume.
The concentration of a solution in parts per billion is equivalent to micrograms per liter of solution.
1 ppb = 1 μg/L
The volume of water = mass/density
The volume of water = 120 g / 1.0 g/mL
The volume of water = 120 mL or 0.12 L
Mass of sulfur atoms = 0.00005 g
Mass of sulfur atoms in μg = 0.00005 g * 10⁶ μg/g
Mass of sulfur atoms in μg = 50 μg
Concentration in ppb = 50 μg / 0.12 L
Concentration in ppb = 416.7 ppb.
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Points A to G are located on the phase diagram of water. Which of the following statements are correct regarding navigation from one point to another across the phase diagram? Check all that apply.
Moving from point A to point C, the temperature increases.
To move from point D to point F, you must decrease both the temperature and the pressure.
At point E, the temperature is less than 0 degree celsius%u2218C
To move from the point G to point F, you must increase both the temperature and the pressure.
To move from point C to point D, you must decrease only the pressure.
To move from point G to point B, you must increase the temperature.
Since points A to G are located on the phase diagram of water, the statements which are correct regarding navigation from one point to another across the phase diagram include the following:
A. Moving from point A to point C, the temperature increases.
C. At point E, the temperature is less than 0 degree Celsius.
D. To move from the point G to point F, you must increase both the temperature and the pressure.
E. To move from point C to point D, you must decrease only the pressure.
What is a phase diagram?In Science, a phase diagram can be defined as a type of chart that is typically used for the graphical representation of the thermodynamic conditions or physical states of a chemical substance or mixture of substances, usually under different conditions of temperature and pressure.
This ultimately implies that, a phase diagram is a type of chart (graph) which illustrates the limiting conditions for liquid, solid, and gaseous phases of a chemical substance or mixture of substances.
By critically observing the phase diagram shown in the image attached below, we can reasonably and logically deduce that the temperature increases when we move from point A to point C and it is less than 0 degree Celsius (0°C) at point E.
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Peripheral chemoreceptors are specialized cells in contact with arterial blood that respond directly to changes in blood ________.A) pHB) PO2C) PCO2D) PCO2 and PO2E) PO2, pH, and PCO2
Specialized cells called peripheral chemoreceptors in contact with arterial blood react immediately to variations in blood PO2.
Carotid and aortic bodies, which are peripheral chemoreceptors, sense changes in arterial blood oxygen levels and set off reflexes that are crucial for preserving homeostasis in hypoxemia. The carotid (and aortic) bodies, which act as peripheral chemoreceptors, recognise arterial hypoxia and promote breathing. They give the brain stem a constant excitatory input at normal arterial PO2 (PaO2) values (6), and in hypoxia, they react dramatically as PaO2 drops below 70 Torr. With some help from [H+], peripheral chemoreceptors are particularly sensitive to changes in PaO2. The peripheral chemoreceptor hypoxic response predominates in situations where the receptors disagree, such as hypoxic hypocapnia, causing the respiratory drive to increase oxygenation despite additional reductions in CO2.
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Conduct research to learn more about
the relative sizes, or atomic radii, of atoms. Find out how scientists define this
property, and identify specific examples
Chemical elements are classified according to their atomic radius, which is typically the average or typical distance between the centre of the nucleus and the outermost isolated electron.
How to define atomic radii of the atoms and what are its properties?The total distance from an atom's nucleus to its outermost electron orbital is typically defined as the atomic radius. It can be described more simply as something akin to the radius of a circle, with the nucleus acting as the circle's centre and the outermost orbital of the electron as the circle's perimeter. Trends explain how atomic radii change start to appear as you start moving across or down the periodic table. Some of the properties are:
The reactivity of the elements diminishes as we move down a group of non-metals, but it increases as we move down a group of representative metals.In general, the atomic radius increases when we walk down a group and reduces as we move from left to right in a period. By measuring the separation between the two atoms when two atoms are merged, we may determine the size of the combined atoms.Know more about atomic radii at:
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What is the mass of the oxygen used during the reaction? Iron (19.43) and iron oxide (20.91).
The mass of the oxygen used during the reaction is 8.16 g
What is oxygen ?The chemical element with the atomic number 8 and symbol O is called oxygen. It belongs to the periodic table's chalcogen group, is a very reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that easily produces oxides with most elements as well as other compounds.
The reaction is as follows ,
4Fe + 3 ⇒ 2
The molar ratio of the reaction
= 4:3
The four moles of Fe react with 3 moles of oxygen molecule to produced Iron Oxide .
The mole of iron = mass ÷ molar mass
= 19.43 g ÷ 55.845 g/mole
= 0.34 mole
If four moles of Fe react with 3 moles of oxygen molecule to produced Iron Oxide .
The number of moles of oxygen
= 3 moles × 0.34 mole ÷ 4 moles
= 0.22 mole
The mass
= 0.22 × 32
= 8.16 g
Thus, The mass of the oxygen used during the reaction is 8.16 g
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3. The accompanying drawing shows part of the orbital diagram for an element.
(a) As drawn, the drawing is incorrect. Why?
(b) How would you correct the drawing without changing the number of electrons?
(c) To which group in the periodic table does the element belong?
a) There are electrons of parallel spins in the same orbital
b) The electron spins should be converted to antiparallel in the orbital
c) The element belongs to group six.
What is the orbital diagram?We know that the orbital diagram is the diagram that can be used to show how electrons are arranged in the orbitals of an element. As such, the segment of the orbital diagram that is shown would have to correspond to a give orbital and preferable part of the outermost orbital configuration of the elements that is in question.
The orbital diagram is incorrect because two electrons in the same orbital can be seen to have parallel spins and this against the postulate of the Pauli exclusion rule. We can correct this making one of the electron to have anti parallel spin.
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the number of electrons in a neutral atom of an element is always equal to the of the element.
The number of electrons on a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons in the atom's nucleus, hence the answer is protons. This is referred to as the Z atomic number.
Atoms are neutral, hence there are exactly as many protons as electrons in each atom. All hydrogen atoms contain one electron, which is located outside the nucleus.
The number of protons and electrons in an atom's stable state is always equal to the atomic number. for a steady atom
Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. The number of electrons and protons in a neutral atom are always equal. The quantity of protons is constant.
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at a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant for the following reaction is : h2(g) cl2(g)use this information to complete the following table.
At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 263.16 or 2.6*10^2 and 5.5 * 10^-8.
1. K = ( HCl )^2 / (H2)*(Cl2)
As the value of K is very less so HCl is very less amount and H2 & Cl2.
2. 2HCl = H2 + Cl2 as the reaction is reverse so equilibrium value will be inverse.
K' = 1/K
= 1/ 0.0038
= 263.16 or 2.6*10^2
3. 3H2 + 3 Cl2 = 6 HCl
Reaction is multiplied by 3 so K will be Cube
K' = K^3
= (0.0038)^3
= 5.5 * 10^-8
Equilibrium, in physics, the state of a system when neither its state of motion nor its internal energy state tend to change over time. A simple mechanical body is in equilibrium when it experiences neither linear nor angular acceleration. This state will continue indefinitely unless disturbed by an external force.
Equilibrium occurs for a single particle when the vector sum of all forces acting on the particle is zero. A rigid body (which by definition differs from a particle by its properties of extension), in addition to the states listed above for particles, is in equilibrium when the vector sum of all torques acting on the body is equal to zero, so Its state of rotational motion remains constant.
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Write the corresponding section of mRNA produced from the following section of DNA template strands: a. 3’ C C G A A G G T T C A C 5’ b. 3’ T A C G G C A A G C T A 5’ 10. What amino acid is coded for by each of the following mRNA codons? a. CCA b. AAC c. GGU d. AGG e. UCU f. UUC g. CGG h. GCA
The mRNA sequence created by the template strand, 3' A T C G G T T A A C 5', and the coding strand, 5' T A G C C A A T T G, will be 3' G U U A A C C G A U 5'.
What strand is opposite the mRNA strand?The strand that is complementary to the mRNA is the lower strand. The transcriptional start site (the A) is marked on the coding strand together with the promoter sequence's -35 region (TTGACA) and -10 region (TATATT).
What does the mRNA strand's codon sequence represent?An individual amino acid is specified by each codon, which are groups of three nucleotides in mRNA.
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How many grams of calcium chloride will be produced when 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is combined with 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid?
Answer: To determine how many grams of calcium chloride will be produced when 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is combined with 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid, we can use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
CaCO3 + 2 HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
From the equation, we can see that for every mole of calcium carbonate that reacts, one mole of calcium chloride is produced. We can use the molar masses of each compound to convert the number of grams of each reactant to moles, and then use the mole ratios from the balanced chemical equation to determine the number of moles of calcium chloride produced.
The molar mass of calcium carbonate is 100.09 g/mol, so 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is equal to 0.269 moles. The molar mass of hydrochloric acid is 36.46 g/mol, so 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid is equal to 0.302 moles.
From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that for every mole of calcium carbonate that reacts, two moles of hydrochloric acid are needed. This means that we have an excess of hydrochloric acid, and the limiting reactant in this reaction is calcium carbonate. Therefore, the number of moles of calcium chloride produced will be equal to the number of moles of calcium carbonate consumed, which is 0.269 moles.
To determine the mass of calcium chloride produced, we can multiply the number of moles of calcium chloride by its molar mass. The molar mass of calcium chloride is 110.98 g/mol, so the mass of calcium chloride produced is 0.269 moles * 110.98 g/mol = 29.8 g.
Therefore, when 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is combined with 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid, 29.8 g of calcium chloride will be produced.
a 94.0 ml solution of 0.200 m of agno3 reacts with 195.0 ml solution of 0.201 m of nacl to produce silver chloride (agcl) and sodium nitrate (nano3) according to the balanced equationAgNO3 (aq)NaCI(aq) AgCl(s) NaNO3(aq) Determine the limiting reactant for the given reaction O NaCl O AgNO3 O AgCl O NaNO3
NaCl is the limiting reactant in the given reaction.
You must figure out how many moles of each reactant are present to identify the limiting reactant. Utilizing each solution's concentration and volume can help you achieve this.
You have a volume of 94.0 ml and a concentration of 0.200 M for the AgNO3 solution. The AgNO3 solution has a volume of 0.094 liters after being converted from milliliters to liters by dividing by 1000 ml/L. The number of moles of AgNO3 may then be determined by dividing the concentration by the volume:
moles AgNO3 = concentration × volume
= 0.200 M × 0.094 L
= 0.0188 moles
You have a volume of 195.0 ml and a concentration of 0.201 M for the NaCl solution. The NaCl solution has a volume of 0.195 L after being multiplied by 1000 ml/L to convert the volume to liters. The number of moles of NaCl may then be determined by dividing the concentration by the volume:
moles NaCl = concentration × volume
= 0.201 M × 0.195 L
= 0.0401 moles
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What is the concentration in ppb of sulfur atoms if 120.0g of water is mixed with 0.00005g of sulfur
Answer:
the ppb ratio of sulfur atoms is 1/250.
Explanation: i do math for livin cuh
Lithium oxide is used to absorb carbon dioxide:
Li2O(s) + CO2(g) → Li2CO3(s)
What volume of CO2 can 6.77 g of Li2O absorb if the CO2 pressure is 3.5 × 10−4 atm and the temperature is 295 K?
Answer:160 L of CO₂.
Explanation: Give me brainly please.
The volume of CO₂ absorbed is 0.371 L (or 371 mL) at 3.5 × 10⁻⁴ atm and 295 K.
To calculate the volume of CO₂ absorbed by 6.77 g of Li₂O, we need to use the ideal gas law, which states:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, calculate the number of moles of CO₂:
Molar mass of Li₂O = 2 * (6.94 g/mol) + 15.999 g/mol ≈ 29.88 g/mol
Moles of Li₂O = 6.77 g / 29.88 g/mol ≈ 0.2263 mol
Now, we can use the given pressure and temperature:
P = 3.5 × 10⁻⁴ atm
T = 295 K
Rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for V:
V = nRT / P
V = (0.2263 mol) * (0.08206 L atm/mol K) * (295 K) / (3.5 × 10⁻⁴ atm)
V ≈ 0.371 L
So, the volume of CO₂ that 6.77 g of Li₂O can absorb at 3.5 × 10⁻⁴ atm and 295 K is approximately 0.371 L (or 371 mL).
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