Complete Question:
Pisa, Inc. leased equipment from Tower Company under a four-year lease requiring equal annual payments of $344,152, with the first payment due at lease inception. The lease does not transfer ownership, nor is there a bargain purchase option. The equipment has a 4-year useful life and no salvage value. Pisa, Inc.’s incremental borrowing rate is 10% and the rate implicit in the lease (which is known by Pisa, Inc.) is 8%. Pisa, Inc. uses the straight-line method to amortize similar assets. What is the amount of amortization expense recorded by Pisa, Inc. in the first year of the asset’s life?
PV Annuity Due PV Ordinary Annuity
8%, 4 periods 3.57710 3.31213
10%, 4 periods 3.48685 3.16986
a. $0 because the asset is amortized by Tower Company.
b. $284,968
c. $307,767
d. $300,000
Answer:
$307,767
Explanation:
We have to calculate the annuity value to estimate the value of the right to use and this is given as under:
Right to Use Value = Equal Annual Payments * (PV of Annuity due at 8%)
Here
Equivalent Annual Payment is $344,152
PV of Annuity due at 8% is 3.57710
By putting values, we have:
Right to Use Value = $344,152 * 3.57710 = $1,231,066
Now we will find amount of amortization expense recorded for first year:
Per year Amortization = $1,231,066 / 4 Years = $307,767
At Groovy Rags, a trendy retail store, manager Eon Forcer doesn't waste any time thinking about whether the employees on his shift get their breaks at a reasonable time. In fact, he claims he is hard pressed to determine which one has "worked hard enough" to even deserve a break. Earlier today, Eon remarked, "I've never met one that likes this job! They're only biding their time and here for the money." Eon's managerial style would be classified as _______.
Answer:
Theory X.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Groovy Rags, a trendy retail store, manager Eon Forcer doesn't waste any time thinking about whether the employees on his shift get their breaks at a reasonable time. In fact, he claims he is hard pressed to determine which one has "worked hard enough" to even deserve a break. Earlier today, Eon remarked, "I've never met one that likes this job! They're only biding their time and here for the money." Eon's managerial style would be classified as Theory X.
Douglas McGregor developed the theory x and y in the 1950s while working at the MIT Sloan school of management.
Theory X suggests that employees working in a particular organization dislike work, possess minimal ambition, and are generally not willing to take up responsibility.
Hence, with the Theory X it is very important and essential that these employees be supervised and rewarded externally with prizes and punishment should be used when they err.
To market Suave shampoo, Unilever used PRIZM to identify neighborhoods with high concentrations of young working women. These women responded best to advertisements conveying the message that Suave is inexpensive, yet will make their hair "look like they spend a fortune on it." What segmentation tool did Unilever use in this example
Answer: Geodemography
Explanation:
Geodemography is used in market and it occurs when the marketplace of the consumers are divided into segments
thar will be reachable and locatable to the consumers who live around that particular neighborhood.
Based on the analysis explained in the question above, this is the segmentation tool that was utilized by Unilever.
A landlord rented an apartment to a person with a wheelchair. The landlord allowed the tenant to install bath rails and replace the bathroom sink vanity with a pedestal sink with lever faucet handles; however, the landlord required the tenant to sign a restoration agreement that the accommodations would be restored to their former condition at the end of the lease. In addition, the landlord required the tenant to pay sufficient funds (over a period of time) into an escrow account to cover the bathroom restoration. Has the landlord violated the Fair Housing Act
Answer: No, the landlord can require a restoration agreement and the escrow account
Explanation:
The options to the question are:
A. No, the landlord can require a restoration agreement and the escrow account
B. Yes, the landlord cannot require the escrow account
C. Yes, the landlord cannot require restoration of the modifications
D. No, the landlord does not have to allow the tenant to make any of these modifications
The Fair Housing Act is a law that was put in place in order to curtail the discrimination towards home seekers and tenants by landlords. According to the act, every American should have a fair and equal opportunity regarding the place to reside without discrimination of any sort.
Based on the scenario that have been provided in the question, the landlord can require a restoration agreement and the escrow account.
You are the manager who employs a participantive control approach. You have concluded that corrective action is necessary to improve customer satisfaction, but first you need to convince your employees that the problem exists. What kind of evidence do you think employees will find more compelling; quantitative measurements or anccdotes from your interactions with customers
Answer:
Quantitative measurements
Explanation:
A participative approach in management involves involving employees in decision making processes in the organization. This is a transparent approach that allows for effective communication between managers and employees.
In the above case, quantitative measurements will better convince employees because this would better provide an objective evidence to show that corrective actions work better in improving customer satisfaction. Anecdotes in comparison would merely be hearsay accounts and won't be taken seriously by employees
Adam published his personal opinion about the current condition of politics stating,"Though the government is unable to fulfill the demands of the public,they demand votes;they really are beggars on streets." Can politicians sue him for defamation under tort?
A) No,because as a general rule the material in a newspaper is totally exempted.
B) Yes,because defamation in a newspaper is always a tort.
C) Yes,because Adam wrote even though he did not have authority.
D) No,because statements of pure opinion do not amount to defamation.
Answer:
The correct answer is the option D: No, because statements of pure opinion do not amount to defamation.
Explanation:
To begin with, the fact that Adam have published his personal opinion about a certain topic does not directly indicates that his opinion, in the case of being a hard critic of something, is to be considered a defamation due to the fact that those kind of statements are protected by law in the United States according to the First Amendment to the United States so therefore that his pure opinion is under the freedom of speech regime. That is why that politicians would not be able to sue him for defamation under tort.
Joan, who has a PhD in economics, has been employed as an agent by Gibraltar Securities for the past 15 years. Missing academic life, she resigns from the broker-dealer and accepts a position as an economics professor at a state university. Which, if any party, is required to notify the state securities Administrator of this change
Answer:
both the agent in question as well as the former broker/dealer are required to notify the Administrator promptly.
Explanation:
In the specific scenario that is being described both the agent in question as well as the former broker/dealer are required to notify the Administrator promptly. This is mainly due to the fact that the license that an agent possesses expires as soon as they cease to be employed by the broker/dealer and/or issuer for whom they were previously licensed. Therefore this information needs to be presented immediately to the securities administrator and her license needs to be revoked.
Kate's Diner offers one breakfast item, a breakfast special. The market price for this meal is $5. At her profit-maximizing level of output, Kate's average variable cost is $4 per meal. Her average total cost is $6 per meal. Since the market is perfectly competitive, Kate should ________.
Answer:
keep producing in the short run but exit the industry or go out of business in the long run
Explanation:
A perfect competition is characterised by many buyers and sellers of homogeneous goods and services. Market prices are set by the forces of demand and supply. There are no barriers to entry or exit of firms into the industry.
In the long run, firms earn zero economic profit. If in the short run firms are earning economic profit, in the long run firms would enter into the industry. This would drive economic profit to zero.
Also, if in the short run, firms are earning economic loss, in the long run, firms would exit the industry until economic profit falls to zero.
A firm should shut down in the short run if price is less than average variable cost. But since the diner's price is greater than average variable cost, it should continue production.
A firm should exit the industry in the long run if price is less than average total cost. the diner's price is less than average total cost, so it should shut down in the long run
Links Cable Network has decided to offer a one-hour appointment window for customers needing installation or repair of its service, which will require the company to have several technicians on call. Links hopes this practice will give it an advantage over the competition, none of which have adopted such a practice. Links Cable Network is introducing a(n) ______ change.
Answer:
Radically innovative.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Links Cable Network has decided to offer a one-hour appointment window for customers needing installation or repair of its service, which will require the company to have several technicians on call. Links hopes this practice will give it an advantage over the competition, none of which have adopted such a practice. Links Cable Network is introducing a radically innovative change.
A radically innovative change is a strategic business approach aimed at developing the business drastically.
Which of these could be an option after high school for a person who wants to further his education but doesn't want to take out student loans?
Hi there,
I can not find the complete question to help choose an option. I wil list out a variety of answers and you would be able to choose any that suits your question.
Answer/Explanation:
As an high school leaver that wants to further his education but that doesn't want to take student loans to do it, there are a variety of option such high school leaver can choose from.
1. work and study: this simply means that the high school leaver can decide to work alongside college or university as use the money from the job to settle university bills.
2. Scholarships: Am high school leaver can try scholarship opportunities tourther his education. A scholarship can be said to be a philanthropic act by a body or individual to reward or help individuals with tuition and other things as stated in the terms and conditions.
3. Setup a funding site: an high school leaver can set up a funding site in which donations can be made to fund the higher education.
Cheers.
In the course of selling a home to a buyer, a broker told the buyer that the home's foundation was "solid as a rock", when he knew for a fact that it was slowly sinking into the landfill on which it was built. In this situation, the broker's conduct would be BEST defined as a
Answer:
willful misrepresentation
Explanation:
Willful misrepresentation is an intentional act or misrepresentation of facts with an intent to deceive. It is an intentional action taken by one party, which constitutes a breach of representation with an intent or act to mislead the other party to whom such representation was made.
The above scenario is an example of wilful misrepresentation because the broker knew that the foundation of the house was faulty but willfully misrepresented fact by telling the buyer that the home's foundation was 'solid as rock'.
At December 31, 2017, Larkspur Corporation had an estimated warranty liability of $124,000 for accounting purposes and $0 for tax purposes. (The warranty costs are not deductible until paid.) The effective tax rate is 30%. Compute the amount Larkspur should report as a deferred tax asset at December 31, 2017. Deferred tax asset at December 31, 2017
Answer:
$37,200
Explanation:
The amount of deferred tax on 31 December 2017 for Larkspur can be calculated by multiplying the estimated warranty liability for accounting purposes with an effective tax rate.
DATA
Estimated warranty = $124,000
Effective tax rate = 30%
Deferred tax liability =?
Solution
Deferred tax liability = Estimated warranty x Effective tax rate
Deferred tax liability = $124,000 x 30%
Deferred tax liability = $37,200
Company A has a patent with a book value of $500,000. At December 31, 2019, the fair value of the patent is determined to be $450,000. The expected future cash flows associated with the patent is $650,000. What amount of impairment should Company A record on this patent at 12/31/19?
Answer:
$50,000
Explanation:
A patent should be recorded at fair market value. When the book value of a patent is higher than its market value, then its book value should decrease. This decrease in the book value is called impairment.
In this case, the patent's book value is $500,000, but its market value is $450,000. The impairment loss = $500,000 - $450,000 = $50,000.
The ______________ of estimating bad debts expense involves a detailed listing of each customer's outstanding account and its length of time past due i Multiple Choice Direct write-off method. Percentage of sales method.
Answer:
Aging of accounts receivable method.
Explanation:
Accounts receivable are the payments owed to a business by its customers. Bad debt occurs when there is uncertainty that an account receivable will be recovered.
The accounts receivable aging method is used to classify debts based on on the length of time past due.
Classifications such as are based on length of time past due and when to time past due is too long it will be considered to be a loss.
Lengths of time used include: 1-30 days past due, 31-60 days past due, 61-90 days past due, 91-120 days past due, and greater than 120 days past due.
Capital investment evaluation methods can be grouped into the following two general categories: a.methods that use average rate of return and methods that use differential analysis methods. b.methods that do not use present values and methods that use present values. c.methods that use absorption cost analysis and methods that use incremental analysis. d.methods that do not use variable costing and methods that use variable costing.
Answer:
Option b (methods that do not use present values and methods that use present values) is the correct choice.
Explanation:
Evaluation of capital expenditure seems to be a budgeting technique used by businesses and government organizations to determine the possible viability of such a long-term project.
The assessment of capital investment initiatives generally follows four techniques:
The back technique average rate. The system of repayment-period. The formula for net cash flows-value. The internal process of transfer.The other options have no relation to a particular circumstance. So the above alternative seems to be the appropriate one.
A company has revenues of $1,250,000 with a net profit margin of 10%. If the depreciation for the year is $75,000, short-term investments decreased by $15,000, accounts receivable increased by $10,000, inventory decreased by $5,000 and accounts payable decreased by $6,000, what is the net cash provided by operations.
Answer:
$204,000
Explanation:
The computation of net cash provided by operations is shown below
Cash flow from operating activities
Net profit ($1,250,000 × 10%) $125,000
Add: depreciation expense $75,000
Add: Decrease in short term investment $15,000
Less: Increase in account receivable -$10,000
Add: Decrease in inventory $5,000
Less: Decrease in account payable -$6,000
Net Cash provided by operations $204,000
The minus sign depicts the cash outflow and the positive sign depict the cash inflow
"Jobs Now is an employment website. Like its competitors, it offers free listings in every category, which is free for job seekers but not for companies. This feature of Jobs Now is an example of"
Answer:
A revenue model
Explanation:
A revenue model is a business organizational framework and strategy for balancing a business expenditure and income generation per revenue stream outlined by the business by identification of the veritable revenue sources, the structure of the pricing for the access to the value derived from the revenue source, as well as how customers are to pay for the value of the services of the revenue source
In essence, a revenue model maps value to buyers of a given valuable product.
The following information is available for Armstrong Company: Net income $450 Increase in plant and equip. $170 Depreciation expense 80 Payment of dividends 10 Decrease in accts. receiv. 20 Increase in long-term debt 100 Increase in inventories 15 Decrease in accounts payable 30 What is cash flow from operating activities for Armstrong Company?
Answer:
$505
Explanation:
Armstrong Company
Cash flow from operating activities
Adjustments to reconcile net income to operating cash flow.
Net income
$450
Less : Increase in plant and equipment
($170)
Add : Depreciation expenses
$80
Add : Payment of dividends
$10
Add : Decrease in accounts receivable
$20
Add : Increase in long term debt
$100
Less : Increase in Inventories
($15)
Add : Decrease in Account payable $30
Net Cash flow from operating activities
$505
Amazon has decided to enter the college bookstore market. The goal of "Amazon Campus" is to offer co-branded university-specific web sites that offer textbooks and paraphernalia, such as logo sweaters and baseball hats. This development shows Amazon's relentless pursuit of
Answer: product diversification
Explanation:
Product diversification is when the original market for a product is being expanded. Product diversification is used to boost a brand and also increase sales.
From the question, we are informed that Amazon has decided to enter the college bookstore market and that the goal of "Amazon Campus" is to offer co-branded university-specific web sites that offer textbooks and paraphernalia, such as logo sweaters and baseball hats. This development shows Amazon's relentless pursuit of product diversification.
What type of a service would a CPA perform if a loan that is collateralized by inventory requires a CPA to observe the count of the inventory and trace sampled items to the vendor invoices in order to determine the value of inventory is not misstated
Answer:
An attestation engagement.
Explanation:
An attestation engagement involves hiring a third party called a CPA to give attestation on subject matters or services like examinations, reviews, reports that are created by a client. The attestation engagement is a form of audit. The CPA is responsible for the client. It is of 3 types
1. The examination engagement
2. Review engagement
3. Agreed upon procedures engagement
Mr. Green purchased a property with the provision in the sale agreement that the seller would provide him with a warranty deed. At closing, the seller refused to provide better than a bargain and sale deed. If Mr. Green insists on buying the property and insists on the seller giving him a warranty deed he can attempt to force the seller to do so by filing a suit for:_________.
Answer:
specific performance
Explanation:
Specific performance in relation to confidential information is commonly used as a prohibition relief Specific performance is the equivalent compensation in contract law, under which a party issues orders requiring a party to perform a specific action, which is the execution of the contract. It is usually available for sale under the Land Act, but is generally not available if the damage is an appropriate option. If the seller fails to sell or the property is handed over to the seller, the buyer receives a specific performance under the provisions of the Specific Relief Act, 1963. A similar right is available under the seller. The contract requires specific performance from the buyer.what general political Trend coincided with the significant increase in private and corporate spending
What general political trend coincided with a significant increase in private and corporate spending in political campaigns at the turn of the 21st-century
Answer:
A withdrawal of people from the public sphere
Explanation:
At the beginning of 21-century or the new millennium, various research have shown that, coupled with the advent of the internet fair loss of interest in active politics by the general populace, a larger percentage of the general public has withdraw from the public space in terms of politics. This has led to substantial increase in private and corporate spending in political campaigns at the turn of the 21st-century.
Hence, the right answer is: A withdrawal of people from the public sphere
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced yesterday that they would approve a new cancer-fighting drug from Pharma Company. You observe that the shares of Pharma Company had an abnormal return of 0% yesterday. This suggests that
Answer:
the approval was already anticipated by the market
Explanation:
This abnormal return of 0% suggests that the approval was already anticipated by the market. Meaning that the price of the Pharma company's stock had already been affected by the speculation previously and when the FDA made the announcement investors had already made their move in the market with regards to Pharma's stock. Thus causing no further move and a return of 0% to occur.
The assets, liabilities, and equity account of a business, which are interrelated and interact with each other, represent:______A. the benchmark of the businessB. the surplus value of the businessC. the financial structure of the businessD. the profit realization rate of the business
Answer: C. the financial structure of the business
Explanation:
The financial structure of the business is made up of the assets, liabilities, and the equity account of a business, which are interrelated and interact with each other.
The assets are a company's property while liabilities has to do with what the company owes and equity is gotten when liabilities is deducted from the asset.
A donor gave $75,000 to a nongovernmental, not-for-profit charity with instructions that the funds be transferred to Sam Smith, an individual who lost his home in a fire. The not-for-profit would:
Answer:
B) Record the $75,000 cash and credit a liability
Explanation:
Possible options:
A) Record the $75,000 cash and credit temporarily restricted revenue. B) Record the $75,000 cash and credit a liability C) Do either (a) or (b), depending upon the policy of the not-for-profit D) Not record the transaction.Non-for-profit charities must record all cash donations, but since the funds were donated for an specific purpose, their use is restricted. Therefore, the charity must record a liability (which has a normal credit balance).
A working group convened by NASAA has developed a model fee disclosure schedule to help investors better understand the costs involved in doing business with their broker-dealer. The template has broker-dealers disclose all of the following fees except:________. A) charges for late payments B) account inactivity fee C) issuance of a stock certificate D) advisory fees
Answer:
Correct Answer:
C) issuance of a stock certificate
Explanation:
In the model developed by group working for NASAA which was to disclose model fee and cost involved in doing business with them, it would disclose all associated cost involved. The only thing it would not disclose would be regards to stock certificate issuance since it falls outside their perview.
Describe the role of securities markets and of investment bankers: what role do investment bankers playing securities markets
Answer
Explanation:
investment bankers specialize in the provision of new securities and they
provide helps to those that want their security liquified.
However, investment bankers are known with their role of provision of money at capital market to their customers such as companies or government set up through issuing of money or equity for security market.
Causal research describes the marketing phenomena under study. B. Causal research is informal and unstructured. C. Causal research isolates the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. D. Causal research answers the questions of who, what, when, where and how. E. Causal research is the seventh step in the marketing research process.
Answer:
Option B (Causal research is informal and unstructured) is the correct choice.
Explanation:
As when the process has gained, causal research has been undertaken to diagnose the source surrounding a person's action. It wants to find this same relationship among variables as to conjecture. It attempts to evaluate whether the explanatory variables shift throughout the exponential function, with variants.It could also be used in such a corporate setting to measure the impact that a transition to some of its present activities would have to aid in the corporate planning phase for its potential production rates.Some other three choices have no relation to the given incident. Such that the stated option is B.
On October 29, 2016, Lobo Co. began operations by purchasing razors for resale. Lobo uses the perpetual inventory method. The razors have a 90-day warranty that requires the company to replace any nonworking razor. When a razor is returned, the company discards it and mails a new one from Merchandise Inventory to the customer. The company’s cost per new razor is $20 and its retail selling price is $75 in both 2016 and 2017. The manufacturer has advised the company to expect warranty costs to equal 8% of dollar sales. The following transactions and events occurred.
2016
Nov. 11 Sold 105 razors for $7,875 cash.
30 Recognized warranty expense related to November sales with an adjusting entry.
Dec. 9 Replaced 15 razors that were returned under the warranty.
16 Sold 220 razors for $16,500 cash.
29 Replaced 30 razors that were returned under the warranty.
31 Recognized warranty expense related to December sales with an adjusting entry.
2017
Jan. 5 Sold 150 razors for $11,250 cash.
17 Replaced 50 razors that were returned under the warranty.
31 Recognized warranty expense related to January sales with an adjusting entry.
1.1 Prepare journal entries to record above transactions and adjustments for 2016.
2. How much warranty expense is reported for November 2016 and for December 2016?
Warranty Expense for November 2016 ?????
Warranty expense for December 2016 ?????
3. How much warranty expense is reported for January 2017?
4. What is the balance of the Estimated Warranty Liability account as of December 31, 2016?
5. What is the balance of the Estimated Warranty Liability account as of January 31, 2017?
Answer:
Nov 11
Dr Cash 7,875
Cr To Sale 7,875
Nov. 11
Dr Cost of Goods Sold 2,100
Cr To Inventory 2,100
Nov. 30
Dr Warranty Expenses 630
Cr To Warranty Liability 630
Dec. 9
Dr Warranty Liability 300
Cr To Inventory 300
Dec. 16
Dr Cash 16,500
Cr To Sales 16,500
Dec. 16
Dr Cost of Goods Sold 4,400
Cr To Inventory 4,400
Dec. 29
Dr Warranty Liability 600
Cr To Inventory 600
Dec. 31
Dr Warranty Expenses 1,320
Cr To Warranty Liability 1,320
1.b Journal Entries for 2017
Jan 5
Dr Cash 11,250
Cr To Sales 11,250
Jan 5
Dr Cost of goods sold 3,000
Cr To Inventory 3,000
Jan 17
Dr Warranty Liability 1,000
Cr To Inventory 1,000
Jan 31
Dr Warranty Expenses 900
Cr To Warranty Liability 900
2)a. Warranty Expenses= $630
2b. Warranty Expenses= $1,320
3). Warranty Expenses= $900
4). Estimated Warranty Liability Account $1,050
5). Estimated Warranty liability account $900
Explanation:
Preparation of the Journal entries for Lobo Co
Journal Entries for 2016 for Lobo Co
Nov 11
Dr Cash 7,875
Cr To Sale 7,875
Nov. 11
Dr Cost of Goods Sold 2,100
Cr To Inventory (20*$105) 2,100
Nov. 30
Dr Warranty Expenses 630
($7,875*8%)
Cr To Warranty Liability 630
Dec. 9
Dr Warranty Liability 300
(15*$20)
Cr To Inventory 300
Dec. 16
Dr Cash 16,500
Cr To Sales 16,500
Dec. 16
Dr Cost of Goods Sold 4,400
Cr To Inventory 4,400
(220 * $20)
Dec. 29
Dr Warranty Liability 600
(30*$20)
Cr To Inventory 600
Dec. 31
Dr Warranty Expenses 1,320
($16,500*8%)
Cr To Warranty Liability 1,320
1.b Journal Entries for 2017
Jan 5
Dr Cash 11,250
Cr To Sales 11,250
Jan 5
Dr Cost of goods sold 3,000
(150*$15)
Cr To Inventory 3,000
Jan 17
Dr Warranty Liability 1,000
(50*$20)
Cr To Inventory 1,000
Jan 31
Dr Warranty Expenses 900
(11,250*8%)
Cr To Warranty Liability 900
2)a. Warranty Expenses for Nov. 2016
Warranty Expenses= $7,875*8%
Warranty Expenses= $630
2b. Warranty Expenses for Dec. 2016
Warranty Expenses= $16500*8%
Warranty Expenses= $1,320
3). Warranty Expenses for Jan. 2017
Warranty Expenses= $11,250*8%
Warranty Expenses= $900
4). Estimated Warranty Liability Account as on Dec. 31, 2016
Estimated Warranty Liability Account= $630 + $1,320 - $300 - $600
Estimated Warranty Liability Account= $1950- $900
Estimated Warranty Liability Account= $1,050
5). Estimated Warranty liability account as on Jan. 31, 2017
Estimated Warranty liability account = $1,050 + $900 - $1,050
Estimated Warranty liability account= $900
"Literacy is prerequisite of development. Justify this statement with examples.
Answer:
The classification of the subject in question is mentioned throughout the paragraph below.
Explanation:
Literacy seems to be a developmental requirement since knowledge and learning require the ability or skills to read and understand. Each body produces to speak and understand skills. Upcoming generation, as well as young ones, is incredibly knowledgeable, individuals who could get strong knowledge only need a graduate assistantship.
Seneca owns an interior painting service. Seneca promises Fran, a homeowner, that Seneca will paint the outside of Fran’s house. Seneca knows that all of the painter-employees are busy for the next two months and really does not intend to paint Fran’s house. In this case, Seneca’s tortious behavior is known as:
Answer:
Promissory fraud.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Seneca owns an interior painting service. Seneca promises Fran, a homeowner, that Seneca will paint the outside of Fran’s house. Seneca knows that all of the painter-employees are busy for the next two months and really does not intend to paint Fran’s house. In this case, Seneca’s tortious behavior is known as promissory fraud.
Promissory fraud can be defined as a promise made by an individual or business entity (promisor), when in actual fact they have absolutely no intention to perform the actions or fulfil the promise when it was made the other party.
Hence, Seneca exhibited a promissory fraud because he is aware that all of the painter-employees are busy for the next two months and really does not intend to paint Fran’s house.
