Answer:
M₁₂ = 1.01 10⁻⁴ H , Fem = 3.54 10⁻³ V
Explanation:
The mutual inductance between two systems is
M₁₂ = N₂ Ф₁₂ / I₁
where N₂ is the number of turns of the inner solenoid N₂ = 21.0, i₁ the current that flows through the outer solenoid I₁ = 35.0 A / s and fi is the flux of the field of coil1 that passes through coil 2
the magnetic field of the coil1 is
B = μ₀ n I₁ = μ₀ N₁/l I₁
the flow is
Φ = B A₂
the area of the second coil is
A₂ = π d₂ / 4
Φ = μ₀ N₁ I₁ / L π d² / 4
we substitute in the first expression
M₁₂ = N₂ μ₀ N₁ / L π d² / 4
M₁₂ = μ₀ N₁ N₂ π d² / 4L
d = 0.170 cm = 0.00170 m
L = 4.00 cm = 0.00400 m
let's calculate
M₁₂ = 4π 10⁻⁷ 6750 21 π 0.0017²/ (4 0.004)
M₁₂ = π² 0.40966 10⁻⁷ / 0.004
M₁₂ = 1.01 10⁻⁴ H
The electromotive force is
Fem = - M dI₁ / dt
Fem = - 1.01 10⁻⁴ 35.0
Fem = 3.54 10⁻³ V
You are holding on to one end of a long string that is fastened to a rigid steel light pole. After producing a wave pulse that was 5 mm high and 4 em wide, you want to produce a pulse that is 4 cm wide but 7 mm high. You must move your hand up and down once,
a. a smaller distance up, but take a shorter time.
b. the same distance up as before, but take a shorter time.
c. a greater distance up, but take a longer time.
d. the same distance up as before, but take a longer time.
e. a greater distance up, but take the same time.
Answer:
It will take. the same distance up as before, but take a longer time
A load of 1 kW takes a current of 5 A from a 230 V supply. Calculate the power factor.
Answer:
Power factor = 0.87 (Approx)
Explanation:
Given:
Load = 1 Kw = 1000 watt
Current (I) = 5 A
Supply (V) = 230 V
Find:
Power factor.
Computation:
Power factor = watts / (V)(I)
Power factor = 1,000 / (230)(5)
Power factor = 1,000 / (1,150)
Power factor = 0.8695
Power factor = 0.87 (Approx)
g One of the harmonics in an open-closed tube has frequency of 500 Hz. The next harmonic has a frequency of 700 Hz. Assume that the speed of sound in this problem is 340 m/s. a. What is the length of the tube
Answer:
The length of the tube is 85 cm
Explanation:
Given;
speed of sound, v = 340 m/s
first harmonic of open-closed tube is given by;
N----->A , L= λ/₄
λ₁ = 4L
v = Fλ
F = v / λ
F₁ = v/4L
Second harmonic of open-closed tube is given by;
L = N-----N + N-----A, L = (³/₄)λ
[tex]\lambda = \frac{4L}{3}\\\\ F= \frac{v}{\lambda}\\\\F_2 = \frac{3v}{4L}[/tex]
Third harmonic of open-closed tube is given by;
L = N------N + N-----N + N-----A, L = (⁵/₄)λ
[tex]\lambda = \frac{4L}{5}\\\\ F= \frac{v}{\lambda}\\\\F_3 = \frac{5v}{4L}[/tex]
The difference between second harmonic and first harmonic;
[tex]F_2 -F_1 = \frac{3v}{4L} - \frac{v}{4L}\\\\F_2 -F_1 = \frac{2v}{4L} \\\\F_2 -F_1 =\frac{v}{2L}[/tex]
The difference between third harmonic and second harmonic;
[tex]F_3 -F_2 = \frac{5v}{4L} - \frac{3v}{4L}\\\\F_3 -F_2 = \frac{2v}{4L} \\\\F_3 -F_2 =\frac{v}{2L}[/tex]
Thus, the difference between successive harmonic of open-closed tube is
v / 2L.
[tex]700H_z- 500H_z= \frac{v}{2L} \\\\200 = \frac{v}{2L}\\\\L = \frac{v}{2*200} \\\\L = \frac{340}{2*200}\\\\L = 0.85 \ m\\\\L = 85 \ cm[/tex]
Therefore, the length of the tube is 85 cm
Coherent light from a sodium-vapor lamp is passed through a filter that blocks everything except for light of a single wavelength. It then falls on two slits separated by 0.490 mm . In the resulting interference pattern on a screen 2.12 m away, adjacent bright fringes are separated by 2.86 mm . For related problem-solving tips and strategies, you may want to view a Video Tutor Solution of Determining wavelength. Part A What is the wavelength of the light that falls on the slits
Answer:
λ = 6.61 x 10⁻⁷ m = 661 nm
Explanation:
From the Young's Double Slit experiment, the the spacing between adjacent bright or dark fringes is given by the following formula:
Δx = λL/d
where,
Δx = fringe spacing = 2.86 mm = 2.86 x ⁻³ m
L = Distance between slits and screen = 2.12 m
d = slit separation = 0.49 mm = 0.49 x 10⁻³ m
λ = wavelength of light = ?
Therefore,
2.86 x 10⁻³ m = λ(2.12 m)/(0.49 x 10⁻³ m)
(2.86 x 10⁻³ m)(0.49 x 10⁻³ m)/(2.12 m) = λ
λ = 6.61 x 10⁻⁷ m = 661 nm
A toroidal solenoid has 590 turns, cross-sectional area 6.20 cm^2 , and mean radius 5.00 cm .Part A. Calcualte the coil's self-inductance.Part B. If the current decreases uniformly from 5.00 A to 2.00 A in 3.00 ms, calculate the self-induced emf in the coil.Part C. The current is directed from terminal a of the coil to terminal b. Is the direction of the induced emf froma to b or from b to a?
Complete Question
A toroidal solenoid has 590 turns, cross-sectional area 6.20 cm^2 , and mean radius 5.00 cm .
Part A. Calculate the coil's self-inductance.
Part B. If the current decreases uniformly from 5.00 A to 2.00 A in 3.00 ms, calculate the self-induced emf in the coil.
Part C. The current is directed from terminal a of the coil to terminal b. Is the direction of the induced emf from a to b or from b to a?
Answer:
Part A
[tex]L = 0.000863 \ H[/tex]
Part B
[tex]\epsilon = 0.863 \ V[/tex]
Part C
From terminal a to terminal b
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The number of turns is [tex]N = 590 \ turns[/tex]
The cross-sectional area is [tex]A = 6.20 cm^2 = 6.20 *10^{-4} \ m[/tex]
The radius is [tex]r = 5.0 \ cm = 0.05 \ m[/tex]
Generally the coils self -inductance is mathematically represented as
[tex]L = \frac{ \mu_o N^2 A }{2 \pi * r }[/tex]
Where [tex]\mu_o[/tex] is the permeability of free space with value [tex]\mu_o = 4\pi * 10^{-7} N/A^2[/tex]
substituting values
[tex]L = \frac{ 4\pi * 10^{-7} * 590^2 6.20 *10^{-4} }{2 \pi * 0.05 }[/tex]
[tex]L = \frac{ 2 * 10^{-7} * 590^2 6.20 *10^{-4} }{ 0.05 }[/tex]
[tex]L = 0.000863 \ H[/tex]
Considering the Part B
Initial current is [tex]I_1 = 5.00 \ A[/tex]
Current at time t is [tex]I_t = 3.0 \ A[/tex]
The time taken is [tex]\Delta t = 3.00 ms = 0.003 \ s[/tex]
The self-induced emf is mathematically evaluated as
[tex]\epsilon = L * \frac{\Delta I}{ \Delta t }[/tex]
=> [tex]\epsilon = L * \frac{ I_1 - I_t }{ \Delta t }[/tex]
substituting values
[tex]\epsilon = 0.000863 * \frac{ 5- 2 }{ 0.003 }[/tex]
[tex]\epsilon = 0.863 \ V[/tex]
The direction of the induced emf is from a to b because according to Lenz's law the induced emf moves in the same direction as the current
This question involves the concepts of the self-inductance, induced emf, and Lenz's Law
A. The coil's self-inductance is "0.863 mH".
B. The self-induced emf in the coil is "0.58 volts".
C. The direction of the induced emf is "from b to a".
A.
The self-inductance of the coil is given by the following formula:
[tex]L=\frac{\mu_oN^2A}{2\pi r}[/tex]
where,
L = self-inductance = ?
[tex]\mu_o[/tex] = permeability of free space = 4π x 10⁻⁷ N/A²
N = No. of turns = 590
A = Cross-sectional area = 6.2 cm² = 6.2 x 10⁻⁴ m²
r = radius = 5 cm = 0.05 m
Therefore,
[tex]L=\frac{(4\pi\ x\ 10^{-7}\ N/A^2)(590)^2(6.2\ x\ 10^{-4}\ m^2)}{2\pi(0.05\ m)}[/tex]
L = 0.863 x 10⁻³ H = 0.863 mH
B.
The self-induced emf is given by the following formula:
[tex]E=L\frac{\Delta I}{\Delta t}\\\\[/tex]
where,
E = self-induced emf = ?
ΔI = change in current = 2 A
Δt = change in time = 3 ms = 0.003 s
Therefore,
[tex]E=(0.000863\ H)\frac{2\ A}{0.003\ s}[/tex]
E = 0.58 volts
C.
According to Lenz's Law, the direction of the induced emf always opposes the change in flux that causes it. Hence, the direction of the induced emf will be from b to a.
Learn more about Lenz's Law here:
https://brainly.com/question/12876458?referrer=searchResults
A collector that has better efficiency in cold weather is the:
flat-plate collector due to reduced heat loss
evacuated tube collector due to its larger size
flat-plate collector due to the dark-colored coating
O evacuated tube collector due to reduced heat loss
Question 23 (1 point) Saved
One of the following is not found in Thermosyphon systems
o
Answer:
D. evacuated tube collector due to reduced heat loss
Explanation:
Evacuated tube collectors has vacuum which reduces the loss of heat and increase the efficiency of the collector. It has a major application in solar collector, and converts solar energy to heat energy. It can also be used for heating of a definite volume of water majorly for domestic purpose.
During cold weather, the conservation and efficient use of heat is required. Therefore, evacuated tube collector is preferred so as to reduce heat loss and ensure the maximum use of heat energy.
A lamp in a child's Halloween costume flashes based on an RC discharge of a capacitor through its resistance. The effective duration of the flash is 0.220 s, during which it produces an average 0.520 W from an average 3.00 V.
A. How much charge moves through the lamp (C)?
B. Find the capacitance (F).
C. What is the resitance of the lamo?
Answer:
A. 0.0374C
B. 0.012F
C. 18 ohms
Explanation:
See attached file
A race-car drives around a circular track of radius RRR. The race-car speeds around its first lap at linear speed v_iv i v, start subscript, i, end subscript. Later, its speed increases to 4v_i4v i 4, v, start subscript, i, end subscript. How does the magnitude of the car's centripetal acceleration change after the linear speed increases
Answer:
The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration increases by 16 times when the linear speed increases by 4 times.
Explanation:
The initial centripetal acceleration, a of the race-car around the circular track of radius , R with a linear speed v is a = v²/R.
When the linear speed of the race-car increases to v' = 4v, the centripetal acceleration a' becomes a' = v'²/R = (4v)²/R = 16v²/R.
So the centripetal acceleration, a' = 16v²/R.
To know how much the magnitude of the car's centripetal acceleration changes, we take the ratio a'/a = 16v²/R ÷ v²/R = 16
a'/a = 16
a' = 16a.
So the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration increases by 16 times when the linear speed increases by 4 times.
How much energy is required to accelerate a spaceship with a rest mass of 121 metric tons to a speed of 0.509 c?
Answer
1.07E22 Joules
Explanation;
We know that mass expands by a factor
=>>1/√[1-(v/c)²]
But v= 0.509c
So
1/√(1 - 0.509²)
=>>> 1/√(1 - 0.2591)
= >> 1/√(0.7409) = 1.16
But given that 121 tons is rest mass so 121- 1.16= 119.84 tons is kinetic energy
And we know that rest mass-energy equivalence is 9 x 10^19 joules per ton.
So Multiplying by 119.84
Kinetic energy will be 1.07x 10^22 joules
What happens to the deflection of the galvanometer needle (due to moving the magnet) when you increase the number of loops
Answer:
If the magnet is moved, the galvanometer needle will deflect, showing that current is flowing through the coil which will increase total induced electromotive force
Explanation:
galvanometer is an instrument that can detect and measure small current in an electrical circuit.
If the magnet is moved, the galvanometer needle will deflect, showing that current is flowing through the coil. If it is move in a way into the coil,the needle deflect in that way and if it move in another way, it will deflect in the other way.
The total induced emf is equal to the emf induced in each loop by the changing magnetic flux, then multiplied by the number of loops and an increase in the number of loops will cause increase in the total induced emf.
During the spin cycle of your clothes washer, the tub rotates at a steady angular velocity of 31.7 rad/s. Find the angular displacement Δθ of the tub during a spin of 98.3 s, expressed both in radians and in revolutions.
Answer:
[tex]\Delta \theta = 3116.11\,rad[/tex] and [tex]\Delta \theta = 495.944\,rev[/tex]
Explanation:
The tub rotates at constant speed and the kinematic formula to describe the change in angular displacement ([tex]\Delta \theta[/tex]), measured in radians, is:
[tex]\Delta \theta = \omega \cdot \Delta t[/tex]
Where:
[tex]\omega[/tex] - Steady angular speed, measured in radians per second.
[tex]\Delta t[/tex] - Time, measured in seconds.
If [tex]\omega = 31.7\,\frac{rad}{s}[/tex] and [tex]\Delta t = 98.3\,s[/tex], then:
[tex]\Delta \theta = \left(31.7\,\frac{rad}{s} \right)\cdot (98.3\,s)[/tex]
[tex]\Delta \theta = 3116.11\,rad[/tex]
The change in angular displacement, measured in revolutions, is given by the following expression:
[tex]\Delta \theta = (3116.11\,rad)\cdot \left(\frac{1}{2\pi} \frac{rev}{rad} \right)[/tex]
[tex]\Delta \theta = 495.944\,rev[/tex]
Specific heat is a measurement of the amount of heat energy input required for one gram of a substance to increase its temperature by one degree Celsius. Solid lithium has a specific heat of 3.5 J/g·°C. This means that one gram of lithium requires 3.5 J of heat to increase 1°C. Plot the temperature of 1g of lithium after 3.5, 7, and 10.5 J of thermal energy are added.
Answer:
ΔT = 1ºC , 2ºCand 3ºC
Explanation:
In this exercise they indicate the specific heat of lithium
let's calculate the temperature increase as a function of the heat introduced
Q = m [tex]c_{e}[/tex] ΔT
ΔT = Q / m c_{e}
calculate
for Q = 3.5 J
ΔT = 3.5 / (1 3.5)
ΔT = 1ºC
For Q = 7.0 J
ΔT = 7 / (1 3.5)
ΔT = 2ºC
for Q = 10.5 J
ΔD = 10.5 / (1 3.5)
ΔT = 3ºC
we see that this is a straight line, see attached
Sammy is 5 feet and 5.3 inches tall. What is Sammy's height in inches?
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\sf 65.3 \ inches}[/tex]
Explanation:
1 foot = 12 inches
Sammy is 5 feet tall.
5 feet = ? inches
Multiply the feet value by 12 to find in inches.
5 × 12
= 60
Add 5.3 inches to 60 inches.
60 + 5.3
= 65.3
¿Cómo podrías utilizar el sistema de posicionamiento global para proponer recorridos alternativos para llegar a un lugar específico (centro educativo, supermercado, el hogar, el parque, entre otros)?
Answer:
El sistema de posicionamiento global (conocido mundialmente como GPS) podría utilizarse para proponer recorridos alternativos para llegar a un lugar específico, como un parque, a través de la creación de un recorrido guiado por una aplicación móvil con diferentes rutas de acceso al lugar.
Así, por ejemplo, se crearían diferentes rutas de acceso desde un punto A hasta un punto B, teniendo en cuenta factores como: rapidez, congestión vehicular, pago o no de peajes, posibilidad de acceso a pie y determinados factores extra que influyan en la forma de llegar al lugar. Todo ello plasmado en un mapa interactivo en el cual se señalen las rutas disponibles mediante el marcado del mapa en cuestión.
A 384 Hz tuning fork produces standing waves with a wavelength of 0.90 m inside a resonance tube. The speed of sound at experimental conditions is
Answer:
v = 345.6m/s
Explanation:
v = 384 x 0.9 = 345.6
v = 345.6m/s
UVC light used in sterilizers, has wavelengths between 100 to 280 nm. If a certain UVC wave has a wavelength of 142.9 nm, what is the energy of one of its photons in J
Answer:
The energy of one of its photons is 1.391 x 10⁻¹⁸ J
Explanation:
Given;
wavelength of the UVC light, λ = 142.9 nm = 142.9 x 10⁻⁹ m
The energy of one photon of the UVC light is given by;
E = hf
where;
h is Planck's constant = 6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J/s
f is frequency of the light
f = c / λ
where;
c is speed of light = 3 x 10⁸ m/s
λ is wavelength
substitute in the value of f into the main equation;
E = hf
[tex]E = \frac{hc}{\lambda} \\\\E = \frac{6.626*10^{-34} *3*10^{8}}{142.9*10^{-9}} \\\\E = 1.391*10^{-18} \ J[/tex]
Therefore, the energy of one of its photons is 1.391 x 10⁻¹⁸ J
In a double‑slit interference experiment, the wavelength is lambda=487 nm , the slit separation is d=0.200 mm , and the screen is D=48.0 cm away from the slits. What is the linear distance Δx between the eighth order maximum and the fourth order maximum on the screen?
Answer:
Δx = 4.68 x 10⁻³ m = 4.68 mm
Explanation:
The distance between the consecutive maxima, in Young's Double Slit Experiment is given bu the following formula:
Δx = λD/d
So, the distance between the eighth order maximum and the fourth order maximum on the screen will be given as:
Δx = 4λD/d
where,
Δx = distance between eighth order maximum and fourth order maximum=?
λ = wavelength = 487 nm = 4.87 x 10⁻⁷ m
d = slit separation = 0.2 mm = 2 x 10⁻⁴ m
D = Distance between slits and screen = 48 cm = 0.48 m
Therefore,
Δx = (4)(4.87 x 10⁻⁷ m)(0.48 m)/(2 x 10⁻⁴ m)
Δx = 4.68 x 10⁻³ m = 4.68 mm
Which of
of
these
following material is
used as fuse material?
carbon,
silver
Copper
Aluminium
The provided question is not correct as, there is more than one options are correct, however the explaining every correct option -
Answer:
The correct answer are - silver, copper and aluminium all three used as fuse material.
Explanation:
A safety device in any electric circuit of that prevents the electric system in case of short circuit by breaking the connection of electric system or circuit termed as the Fuse or fuse element. Normally the fuse are made up of wire or element of material that are low in melting point and high in resistance.
Zinc, lead, tin, silver, copper, aluminium, and alloy of tin and alloy are used as fuse element or material for their low melting point and high resistance these are easily breaks the electric path in case of short circuit.
An object on a level surface experiences a horizontal force of 12.7 N due to kinetic friction. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.42.
What is the mass of the object? (Express your answer to two significant figures)kg
Answer:
The mass of the object is 3.08 kg.
Explanation:
The horizontal force is12.7 N and the coefficient of the kinetic fraction are 0.42. Now we have to compute the mass of the object. Thus, use the below formula to find the mass of the object.
Let the mass of the object = m.
The coefficient of kinetic friction, n = 0.42
Therefore,
Force, F = n × mg
12.7 = 0.42 × 9.8 × m
m = 3.08 kg
The mass of the object is 3.08 kg.
A wire of 5.8m long, 2mm diameter carries 750ma current when 22mv potential difference is applied at its ends. if drift speed of electrons is found then:_________.
(a) The resistance R of the wire(b) The resistivity p, and(c) The number n of free electrons per unit volume.
Explanation:
According to Ohms Law :
V = I * R
(A) R (Resistance) = 0.022 / 0.75 = 0.03 Ohms
Also,
[tex]r = \alpha \frac{length}{area} = \alpha \frac{5.8}{3.14 \times 0.001 \times 0.001} [/tex]
(B)
[tex] \alpha(resistivity) = 1.62 \times {10}^{ - 8} [/tex]
Drift speed is missing. It is given as;
1.7 × 10^(-5) m/s
A) R = 0.0293 ohms
B) ρ = 1.589 × 10^(-8)
C) n = 8.8 × 10^(28) electrons
This is about finding, resistance and resistivity.
We are given;Length; L = 5.8 m
Diameter; d = 2mm = 0.002 m
Radius; r = d/2 = 0.001 m
Voltage; V = 22 mv = 0.022 V
Current; I = 750 mA = 0.75 A
Area; A = πr² = 0.001²π
Drift speed; v_d = 1.7 × 10^(-5) m/s
A) Formula for resistance is;R = V/I
R = 0.022/0.75
R = 0.0293 ohms
B) formula for resistivity is given by;ρ = RA/L
ρ = (0.0293 × 0.001²π)/5.8
ρ = 1.589 × 10^(-8)
C) Formula for current density is given by;J = n•e•v_d
Where;
J = I/A = 0.75/0.001²π A/m² = 238732.44 A/m²
e is charge on an electron = 1.6 × 10^(-19) C
v_d = 1.7 × 10^(-5) m/s
n is number of free electrons per unit volume
Thus;
238732.44 = n(1.6 × 10^(-19) × 1.7 × 10^(-5))
238732.44 = (2.72 × 10^(-24))n
n = 238732.44/(2.72 × 10^(-24))
n = 8.8 × 10^(28)
Read more at; brainly.com/question/17005119
What will be the nature of the image formed from both a convex lens and a concave
lens of 20 centimeter focus distance, when the object is placed at a distance of
10 centimeters?
Answer:
Explanation:
Using the lens formula
1//f = 1/u+1/v
f is the focal length of the lens
u is the object distance
v is the image distance
For convex lens
The focal length of a convex lens is positive and the image distance can either be negative or positive.
Given f = 20cm and u = 10cm
1/v = 1/f - 1/u
1/v = 1/20-1/10
1/v = (1-2)/20
1/V = -1/20
v = -20/1
v = -20 cm
Since the image distance is negative, this shows that the nature of the image formed by the convex lens is a virtual image
For concave lens
The focal length of a concave lens is negative and the image distance is negative.
Given f = -20cm and u = 10cm
1/v = 1/f - 1/u
1/v = -1/20-1/10
1/v = (-1-2)/20
1/V = -3/20
v = -20/3
v = -6.67 cm
Since the image distance is negative, this shows that the nature of the image formed by the concave lens is a virtual image
A double-convex thin lens is made of glass with an index of refraction of 1.52. The radii of curvature of the faces of the lens are 60 cm and 72 cm. What is the focal length of the lens
Answer:
63 cm
Explanation:
Mathematically;
The focal length of a double convex lens is given as;
1/f = (n-1)[1/R1 + 1/R2]
where n is the refractive index of the medium given as 1.52
R1 and R2 represents radius of curvature which are given as 60cm and 72cm respectively.
Plugging these values into the equation, we have:
1/f = (1.52-1)[1/60 + 1/72)
1/f = 0.0158
f = 1/0.0158
f = 63.29cm which is approximately 63cm
A string of holiday lights has 15 bulbs with equal resistances. If one of the bulbs
is removed, the other bulbs still glow. But when the entire string of bulbs is
connected to a 120-V outlet, the current through the bulbs is 5.0 A. What is the
resistance of each bulb?
Answer:
Resistance of each bulb = 360 ohms
Explanation:
Let each bulb have a resistance r .
Since, even after removing one of the bulbs, the circuit is closed and the other bulbs glow. Therfore, the bulbs are connected in Parallel connection.
[tex] \frac{1}{r(equivalent)} = \frac{1}{r1} + \frac{1}{r2} + + + + \frac{1}{r15} [/tex]
[tex] \frac{1}{r(equivalent)} = \frac{15}{r} [/tex]
R(equivalent) = r/15
Now, As per Ohms Law :
V = I * R(equivalent)
120 V = 5 A * r/15
r = 360 ohms
hat a 15 kg body is pulled along a horizontal fictional table by a force of 4N what is the acceleration of the body
Answer:
Acceleration of the body is:
[tex]a=0.27\,\,m/s^2[/tex]
Explanation:
Use Newton's second Law to solve for the acceleration:
[tex]F=m\,\,a\\a=\frac{F}{m} \\a=\frac{4\,N}{15\,\,kg} \\a=0.27\,\,m/s^2[/tex]
Warm blooded animals are homeothermic; that is, they maintain an approximately constant body temperature. (Forhumans it's about 37 oC.) When they are in an environment that is below their optimum temperature, they use energy derived from chemical reactions within their bodies to warm them up. One of the ways that animals lose energy to their environment is through radiation. Every object emits electromagnetic radiation that depends on its temperature. For very hot objects like the sun, that radiation is visible light. For cooler objects, like a house or a person, that radiation is in the infrared and is invisible. Nonetheless, it still carries energy. Other ways that energy is lost by a warm animal to a cool environment includes conduction (direct touching of a cooler object) and convection (cooler air moving and carrying thermal energy away). See Heat Transfer for a discussion of all three.
For this problem, we'll just consider how much energy an animal needs to burn (obtain from internal chemical reactions) in order to stay warm just from radiation losses. The rate at which an object loses energy through radiation is given by the Stefan-Boltzmann equation:
Rate of energy loss = AεσT4
where T is the absolute (Kelvin) temperature, A is the area of the object, ε is the emissivity (unitless and =1 for a perfect emitter, less for anything else), and σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant:
σ = 5.67 x 10-8 J/(s m2 K4)
Consider a patient trying to sleep naked in a cool room (55 oF = 13 oC). Assume that the person being considered is a perfect emitter and absorber of radiation (ε = 1), has a surface area of about 2.5 m2, and a mass of 80 kg.
a. A person emits thermal radiation at a rate corresponding to a temperature of 37 oC and absorbs radiation at a rate (from the air and walls) corresponding to a temperature of 13 oC. Calculate the individual's net rate of energy loss due to radiation (in Watts = Joules/second).
net rate of energy loss = Watts
b. Assume the patient produces no energy to keep warm. If they have a specific heat about equal to that of water (1 Cal/kg-oC) how much would their temperature fall in one hour? (1 Cal = 1kcal = 103 cal)
ΔT = oC
c. Given that the energy density of fat is about 9 Cal/g, how many grams of fat would the person have to utilize to maintain their body temperature in that environment for one hour?
amount of fat needed = g
Answer:
a) 360.7 J/s
b) 16.23 °C
c) 34.48 g
Explanation:
The mass of the person = 80 kg
The person is a perfect emitter, ε = 1
surface area of the person = 2.5 m^2
a) If he emits radiation at 37 °C, [tex]T_{out}[/tex] = 37 + 273 = 310 K
and receives radiation at 13 °C, [tex]T_{in}[/tex] = 13 + 273 = 286 K
Rate of energy loss E = Aεσ([tex]T^{4} _{out}[/tex] - [tex]T^{4} _{in}[/tex] )
where σ = 5.67 x 10^-8 J/(s m^2 K^4)
substituting values, we have
E = 2.5 x 1 x 5.67 x 10^-8 x ([tex]310^{4}[/tex] - [tex]286^{4}[/tex]) = 360.7 J/s
b) If they have specific heat about equal to that of water = 1 Cal/kg-°C
but 1 Cal = 1 kcal = 10^3 cal
specific heat of person is therefore = 10^3 cal/kg-°C
heat loss = 360.7 J/s = 360.7 x 3600 = 1298520 J/hr
heat lost in 1 hour = 1 x 1298520 = 1298520 J
This heat lost = mcΔT
where ΔT is the temperature fall
m is the mass
c is the specific heat equivalent to that of water
the specific heat is then = 10^3 cal/kg-°C
equating, we have
1298520 = 80 x 10^3 x ΔT
1298520 = 80000ΔT
ΔT = 1298520/80000 = 16.23 °C
c) 1298520 J = 1298520/4184 = 310.35 Cal
density of fat = 9 Cal/g
gram of fat = 310.35/9 = 34.48 g
A 70 kg man floats in freshwater with 3.2% of his volume above water when his lungs are empty, and 4.85% of his volume above water when his lungs are full.
Required:
a. Calculate the volume of air he inhales - called his lung capacity - in liters.
b. Does this lung volume seem reasonable?
Answer:
Explanation:
A) Vair = 1.3 L
B) Volume is not reasonable
Explanation:
A)
Assume
m to be total mass of the man
mp be the mass of the man that pulled out of the water
m1 be the mass above the water with the empty lung
m2 be the mass above the water with full lung
wp be the weight that the buoyant force opposes as a result of the air.
Va be the volume of air inside man's lungs
Fb be the buoyant force due to the air in the lung
given;
m = 78.5 kg
m1 = 3.2% × 78.5 = 2.5 kg
m2 = 4.85% × 78.5 = 3.8kg
But, mp = m2- m1
mp = 3.8 - 2.5
mp = 1.3kg
So using
Archimedes principle, the relation for formula for buoyant force as;
Fb = (m_displaced water)g = (ρ_water × V_air × g)
Where ρ_water is density of water = 1000 kg/m³
Thus;
Fb = wp = 1.3× 9.81
Fb = 12.7N
But
Fb = (ρ_water × V_air × g)
So
Vair = Fb/(ρ_water × × g)
Vair = 12.7/(1000 × 9.81)
V_air = 1.3 × 10^(-3) m³
convert to litres
1 m³ = 1000 L
Thus;
V_air = 1.3× 10^(-3) × 1000
V_air = 1.3 L
But since the average lung capacity of an adult human being is about 6-7litres of air.
Thus, the calculated lung volume is not reasonable
Explanation:
If two identical wires carrying a certain current in the same direction are placed parallel to each other, they will experience a force of repulsion.
a) true
b) false
Answer:
The answer is B. falseExplanation:
Current in the same direction
When current flow through to parallel conductors of a given length, when the current flows in the same direction
1. A force of attraction between the wires occurs and this tends to draw the wires inward
2. A magnetic field in the same direction is produced.
Current in opposite direction
when the current is in opposite direction
1. Force of repulsion between the two wires occurs, draws the wire outward
2. A magnetic field in opposite direction occurs
All household circuits are wired in parallel. A 1140-W toaster, a 270-W blender, and a 80-W lamp are plugged into the same outlet. (The three devices are in parallel when plugged into the same outlet.) Assume that this is the standard household 120-V circuit with a 15-A fuse.
a. What current is drawn by each device?
b. To see if this combination will blow the 15-A fuse, find the total current used when all three appliances are on.
Answer:
total current = 12.417 A
so it will not fuse as current is less than 15 A
Explanation:
given data
toaster = 1140-W
blender = 270-W
lamp = 80-W
voltage = 120 V
solution
we know that current is express as
current = power ÷ voltage ......................1
here voltage is same in all three device
so
current by toaster is
I = [tex]\frac{1140}{120}[/tex]
I = 9.5 A
and
current by blender
I = [tex]\frac{270}{120}[/tex]
I = 2.25 A
and
current by lamp is
I = [tex]\frac{80}{120}[/tex]
I = 0.667 A
so here device in parallel so
total current is = 9.5 A + 2.25 A + 0.667 A
total current = 12.417 A
so it will not fuse as current is less than 15 A
If 50 mL of each of the liquids in the answer choices were poured into a 250 mL beaker, which layer would be directly above a small rubber ball with a density of 0.960 g/mL? A. sea water – density of 1.024 g/mL B. mineral oil – density of 0.910 g/mL C. distilled water – density of 1.0 g/mL D. petroleum oil – density of 0.820 g/mL
Answer:
B. mineral oil – density of 0.910 g/mL.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since the density is known as the degree of compactness a body has (mass in the occupied volume), the higher the density, the higher the weight of the body, therefore, if submerged into a liquid it could float if less dense than the liquid or sink if more dense than the liquid.
In such a way, since the rubber is more dense than mineral (0.960 g/mL > 0.910 g/mL) oil but less dense than distilled water (0.960 g/mL < 1.0 g/mL) we can say that B. mineral oil – density of 0.910 g/mL is directly above it when submerged.
Best regards.
Two waves are traveling in the same direction along a stretched string. The waves are 45.0° out of phase. Each wave has an amplitude of 7.00 cm. Find the amplitude of the resultant wave.
Answer:
The amplitude of the resultant wave is 12.93 cm.
Explanation:
The amplitude of resultant of two waves, y₁ and y₂, is given as;
Y = y₁ + y₂
Let y₁ = A sin(kx - ωt)
Since the wave is out phase by φ, y₂ is given as;
y₂ = A sin(kx - ωt + φ)
Y = y₁ + y₂ = 2A Cos (φ / 2)sin(kx - ωt + φ/2 )
Given;
phase difference, φ = 45°
Amplitude, A = 7.00 cm
Y = 2(7) Cos (45 /2) sin(kx - ωt + 22.5° )
Y = 12.93 cm
Therefore, the amplitude of the resultant wave is 12.93 cm.
