Answer:
Phosphorylation activation:
1- p53 (transcriptional activator)
2- CDK8-cyclin C (transcriptional inhibitor)
Explanation:
Phosphorylation is a well-studied post-translational modification mediated by a protein called 'kinases' which phosphorylates specific protein substrates. This post-translational modification (phosphorylation) acts as a reversible switch capable of modulating protein function. Phosphorylation at specific amino acid residues (e.g., tyrosine, serine) controls protein function by triggering conformational changes in the phosphorylated protein. For example, P53 is a transcription activator activated by phosphorylation at multiple sites in its N-terminal region. P53 activates transcription of different genes by modulating protein-protein interactions with different substrates (e.g., MDM-2, CBP/p300, TFII). On the other hand, cyclins are proteins that have no enzymatic activity but are able to activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by binding to them. CDK8-cyclin C (SRB10-SRB11) is a negative regulator of transcription that is able to inhibit transcription by phosphorylating the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) before the formation of the preinitiation transcriptional complex.
Excessive sugar intake is related to development of dental caries because
A. oral bacteria produce acids that dissolve tooth enamel when they metabolize sugars.
B. sugar leaches calcium and phosphorus out of teeth.
C. salivary amylase dissolves tooth enamel during carbohydrate digestion.
D. sugars make the saliva more alkaline, causing damage to tooth enamel.
Answer:
The correct answer is A.
Explanation:
Dental caries is a chronic dynamic disease or process that occurs in the tooth structure in contact with microbial deposits. Among the factors that favor the development of dental caries is the excessive consumption of simple sugars. The sugars consumed with the diet constitute the substrate of the oral microflora and initiate the process of cariogenesis. Streptococcus can ferment sugars in the diet to produce primarily lactic acid as the end product of metabolism. This lowers the pH and demineralizes tooth enamel. Cariogenic microorganisms are characterized because they are capable of transporting carbohydrates in competition with other microorganisms, which could be present in the plaque; the rapid fermentation capacity of this substrate made up of sugars and starch and its acidic capacity - acid products - and acidic acid - capable of performing various functions under conditions of extreme acidity. The marked decrease in pH will contribute to the demineralization of the tooth, favoring the appearance of carious lesions in hard tissues: enamel, dentin and cementum.
Felicity draws this diagram on the board to explain one
of Mendel's experiments for her classmates. She says
that it shows the cross between two first-generation
offspring. What is the error in her diagram?
All
peas should be green.
All peas should be yellow-green.
One pea should be green and three peas should be
yellow.
O One pea should be yellow and three peas should
be green.
Answer:
The right answer is C
Explanation:
Answer:
The right answer is C
Explanation: Just got it right on edge 2022
3
Which power does this expression simplify to?
[(7)(79)
1
722
1/ 를
O 74
O 7"
Answer:
c one
hopeit may help you
hope it may help you
What's the importance of sun in power supply??
Answer:
It provides solar energy to supply power through solar panels
Answer:
The sun provides more than enough energy to meet the whole world's energy needs, and unlike fossil fuels, it won't run out anytime soon. As a renewable energy source, the only limitation of solar power is our ability to turn it into electricity in an efficient and cost-effective way.
Explanation:
Follow me, thank you.
4. Describe an observation you made today and an inference you can make from that observation.
Answer:
my my teacher gives my class and I a mystery box for us to observe what's inside that box it was closed, as we was trying to know what's inside that box we were looking and thinking what does it sounds like, but my friend next to me says it sounds like a stapler and my other friend said it's not very heavy, as we were we said we could take another box just like that identified box and put a stapler since it sounds like a stapler and it's not that heavy as we know staplers are not that heavy. well we did that we check and our activity shows that the mystery box it slides and appear to be flat and all the box it slides in appear to be flat so that's the same thing as our box and the mystery box and we were looking at how does it sound when we close the box and everything we were checking how does it sound as we are observed that the mystery box it makes a metallic song when it strikes the side of the box an hour box the stapler makes a thudding sound when it strikes the side of the box and we also checked if the mass of the box was the same but it wasn't the mystery box was 270 g and our box was much more heavier which is 410 g so we were checking what was the really wrong thing we was checking and checking is like what should we do next, and we did in for the things in the box had to be different because our observation of the two boxes are different, and we observed yes things are different of course.
and there's a picture with the observation chart I will be showing it's above take a look and you will be have more understanding and knowledge about the really topic I am talking about thank you.
A simple test to differentiate between Staphylococcus and Streptococcus is the addition of H2O2 to a colony to see if bubbles form, which are positive for catalase. Which organism would be positive
Answer:
The Correct answer is B, Staphylococcus.
Explanation:
The Catalase test is used to differentiate Staphylococci (Catalase positive) from Streptococci (Catalyst negative). The enzyme catalase is produced by bacteria that respire using oxygen and protects them from the toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism.
Catalase positive bacteria includes strict aerobes as well as facultative anaerobes. Catalase negative bacteria maybe anarobes or facultative anarobes that only ferment and don't respire using oxygen as terminal electron acceptor.
Catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas. Though both Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are gram positive bacteria, only Staphylococcus produces catalase enzymes.
Which of the following does NOT cause weathering?
A. Plants
B. Water
C. Helium
D. Temperature change
Answer:C
Explanation:
arrange these structures in order of size, beginning with the smallest
stomach
mitochondrion
starch grain
tracheal cell
nucleus
Answer:
1.starch grain (smallest)
2.nucleus
3.mitochondria
4.tracheal cell
5.stomach (largest)
How do spores survive even after the plant has died?
Spores are protected in a protective covering preventing it from drying out.
O Spores have special chemicals that prevent it from dying.
Spores are buried under rocks.
O Spores can naturally live forever.
Answer:
spores have special chemicals that prevent ot from
Hello there can anyone help me?
i have to do a project for biology and i could use some help
Which type of protein would more likely be able to function as a channel through the plasma membrane
Answer:
Aquaporins
Explanation:
Aquaporins are the channel proteins that is present in the membrane of the cell which allow water to cross the membrane very quickly. This aquaporins play an important roles in plant cells, red blood cells, and certain parts of the kidney where this protein minimize the amount of water lost as urine. Without this protein, the diffusion of water across the cell membrane is not possible very quickly.
The lodgepole pine has two kinds of cones that have seeds. What do they do for the lodgepole tree population?
Answer:
Seeds from cones on the forest floor may provide a viable seed bank for lodgepole pine regeneration following forest destruction by mountain pine beetles.
Explanation:
They do for the lodgepole tree population Seeds from cones on the forest floor may provide a viable seed bank for lodgepole pine regeneration following forest destruction by mountain pine beetles.
What is a possible limiting factor of that lodgepole pine?The mountain pine beetle is the limiting factor to the population of lodgepole pines in Colorado. It devastated large numbers of trees in the state and in the northern mountains of the United States.
Thus, lodgepole pine regeneration follows forest destruction by mountain pine beetles.
To learn more about lodgepole pine click here:
https://brainly.com/question/10854623
#SPJ2
what is a skeleton and give two characteristics of a mammal
A skeleton is a structural frame that supports an animal body.
The skeletal system of mammals and other vertebrates is broadly divisible functionally into axial and appendicular portions.
There are two major types of skeletons: solid and fluid. Solid skeletons can be internal, called an endoskeleton, or external, called an exoskeleton, and may be further classified as pliant (elastic/movable) or rigid (hard/non-movable).
Fluid skeletons are always internal.
The presence of hair or fur.
A four-chambered heart.
Answer: well I know the skeleton is the bone structure in some living organisms if there a vertebrate
Fill in the blank question. The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a small, local change in membrane potential called a(n)
Answer:
The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a small, local change in membrane potential called a(n) receptor potential.
Explanation:
The process used by sensory receptors to transform the physical energy of the sensory stimulus into action potentials, the fundamental unit of information in the nervous system, is called sensory transduction. The entrance of positive charges towards the interior (mainly Na +), will cause a depolarization; while if there is an exit of positive charges from the interior (mainly K +) then hyperpolarization will occur. This change in membrane potential is called the receptor potential. A receptor potential is then a local potential that can sometimes represent the only response that results from the transduction process, for example in the taste sensory cell.
The inferior region of the brain stem, the __________ houses many vital autonomic centers involved in the control of heart rate, respiratory rhythm, and blood pressure.
Answer:
The inferior region of the brain stem, the medulla oblongota houses many vital autonomic centers involved in the control of heart rate, respiratory rhythm, and blood pressure.
Explanation:
The medulla oblongata is the part of the brain that joins the spinal cord and forms the lower part of the brain stem. In the bulb there are ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) fascicles that communicate the spinal cord with the brain, in addition to numerous nuclei or centers (masses of gray matter) that regulate various vital functions. The medulla oblongata has the function of controlling vital and unconscious elements such as the heartbeat and blood pressure. Thus, it is responsible for maintaining the heart rate and regulating vasoconstriction. Also, it manages the control of respiratory function, maintaining it at all times.
How do somatic and inherited mutations differ?
Answer:
Inherited mutations exist in all cells in the body and somatic mutations only exist in the cell type that mutated.
What would most likely happen to this ecosystem if all of the gray wolves were removed?
Answer:
D. The fox population would decrease
Explanation:
The food web shows that the gray wolves population are the only population that prey on the moose population. If the gray wolves were removed, the population of moose would increase significantly and would dominate the ecosystem. This means that other herbivores won't be able to compete with the moose population for the forages and vegetation in the ecosystem. The population of the other primary consumers/herbivores will reduce also. By implication, the fox which depend on other smaller preys to feed on would not have much prey to feed on. The ultimate effect of the removal of the gray wolves would lead to a later decrease in the population of the fox
What happens if a person has one kidney removed? 1 point a. They will continue as normal b. They will stop making urine c. They will accumulate excess urea D. They will die.
In general, most people with a single, healthy kidney have few problems. However, some long term problems have been seen in some people.
In some people who were born with a single kidney, or had a kidney removed during childhood, there is a chance of some slight loss in kidney function later in life. This usually takes 25 years or more to happen. There may also be a chance of having high blood pressure later in life. However, the loss in kidney function is usually very mild, and life span is normal. Most people with one kidney live healthy, normal lives with few problems. - kidney . org
explain why adrenaline has opposite effects on the blood vessels of the gut and the muscles
Answer:
Main effects of adrenaline exerted on smaller arterioles and precapillary sphincters although veins and large arteries also respond to the drug. It constricts vessels of skin & mucus (mucous) membrane. It dilates BV of skeletal muscles. Thus net results of this is, decrease in the peripheral resistance.
Explanation:
HOPE IT HELPS
Answer:
adreneline triggers the body's fight or flight response.this reaction causes air passages to dilate to provide muscles with oxygen they need to fight danger or flee
Myoglobin levels are higher in Tibetans and other ethnic groups that live at high altitudes. Explain the benefit of higher myoglobin levels for individuals living at high altitudes.
Answer:
They are able to take up and store more oxygen in their muscles
Explanation:
According to Oxford dictionary, myoglobin is ''a red protein containing haem, which carries and stores oxygen in muscle cells. It is structurally similar to a subunit of haemoglobin.''
The fact that Tibetans have a high level of myoglobin implies that they are able to take up and store more oxygen in their muscles since myoglobin is involved in storage of oxygen in muscle cells. Hence elevated levels of myoglobins enables the muscle cells to work more effectively.
During intense exercise, the muscle cells require constant supply of ATPs but the supply of oxygen is low. In that case - the muscle cells of the person will switch from which to which pathway?
Answer:
Aerobic to lactic acid fermentation pathway
Explanation:
ATP, which is the usable form of energy in living cells, is obtained via a process called RESPIRATION. However, aerobic respiration requires a constant supply of oxygen to occur. Hence, during an intense exercise where the supply of oxygen is low, the muscle cell has to switch from the respiration pathway that requires oxygen to one that doesn't.
Fermentation is a kind of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen to occur. In the muscle cells of animals (humans inclusive), lactic acid is the product of the fermentation process, hence, it is called LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION. This means that the muscle cells, in a low supply of oxygen, will switch from AEROBIC to LACTIC ACID fermentation pathway.
How would a river that drains a watershed be affected if a portion of forest uphill from the river was
converted into a city with mostly impermeable surfaces?
Answer:
in watershed research and from comprehensive review of the literature of forest ... quality are affected by timber harvesting, regeneration, tree planting, type ... I I area flow cover. Mi2 Ft^/s/mi2 Percent. North Atlantic Slope Drainage. Ellis River.
which organsism transform nitrogen to a form this useful to plants? a. bacteria b.animals c.fungi d.humans
Answer:
a. bacteria
Explanation:
There are nitrogen-fixing bacteria whose sole purpose is to transform nitrogen into a form which can be used by our friends called the plants.
Answer:
A. Bacteria
Explanation:
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are capable of transforming it into fixed-nitrogen particles, that are usable by plants
9. Isotherms are lines that connect points of equal
pressure
elevation
temperature
latitude
Answer:
I believe the answer is Temperature.
chapter 19 Complete evaluation of the placenta includes structural _____, _____, retroplacental appearance, and _______ of the cord
Answer:
Structural location, size, shape and consistency, retro placental appearance and umbilical cord.
Explanation:
Umbilical cord is covered by amniotic membrane. Complete evaluation of placenta includes observing its size, shape, location and consistency. The area between myometrium and placenta is retro placental.
Help me please I really need this tomorrow
19. place moth balls in the closet and observe after several days.
20. whenever wax or a candle burns it turns from solid to liquid but again at room temperature it turns to solid
21. evaporation, condensation, precipitation
22. it produces new substances
23. vinegar Bubbles when baking soda is added
24. steam
Apart from man, write down four other organisms that are affected by the destruction of crops due to the fall armyworm. Give a reason for you answers
Answer:
Women, Herbivore animals, carnivore animals
Explanation:
Because they need food to survive.
The cells inside our nerves are called what?
Answer:
Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry "messages" through an electrochemical process. The human brain has approximately 86 billion neurons. ... Neurons are surrounded by a cell membrane. Neurons have a nucleus that contains genes.
Explanation:
Answer:
Neurons are the information-processing cells of the nervous system. They are categorized as receptors, interneurons, or effectors, depending on their function. The dendrites of a neuron provide an extended receptive surface for the cell, increasing greatly the number of synaptic inputs.Rate each question from 1 to 5 ❑How much do you depend on natural ecosystems that you use for recreation (camping, fishing, hunting, hiking, swimming, boating)? ❑How much do you depend on natural ecosystems for the food you eat? ❑How important is preserving natural ecosystems to you? ❑How willing are you to sacrifice things in your life to make sure that natural ecosystems stay unharmed in the future?
Answer:
❑How much do you depend on natural ecosystems that you use for recreation (camping, fishing, hunting, hiking, swimming, boating)? 4
❑How much do you depend on natural ecosystems for the food you eat? 5
❑How important is preserving natural ecosystems to you? 5
❑How willing are you to sacrifice things in your life to make sure that natural ecosystems stay unharmed in the future? 4
Explanation:
The questions are closely related to ecosystemic services and how humans make use of it. Let us first review theoretical concepts, and then discuss the rating of the questions.
Ecosystem services refer to all the benefits that human beings can get from ecosystems, not only for survival but also for good life quality. There are four types of ecosystem services:
• Provision or supply:
These are the products obtained by nature to be used or consumed, directly or with previous processing. Among them, we might mention food, clear freshwater, fertile soils, geotic materials, raw materials (used for clothing, construction), renewable fuels, biochemical compounds, pharmacological/medicinal resources, among others.
• Regulation:
Refers to ecological processes that improve life. Among others, we might mention climate regulation, CO² absorption, water purification, air purification, erosion control, natural disaster avoidance such as flooding, soil fertility maintenance, waste recycling, pest/plague control, etc.
• Cultural:
Refers to not the material benefits. Ecosystems also provide a recreational place or area to spend time, learn, enjoy spiritual/religious space, and are a source of inspiration. It is considered to be cultural patrimony and the source of scientific knowledge.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I answered the questions from my personal point of view, and considering 5 as the most important topic, and 1 as the less important. So, from most important to less important is 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
❑How much do you depend on natural ecosystems that you use for recreation (camping, fishing, hunting, hiking, swimming, boating)?
Probably, we as species, do not need these activities to survive. However, we need them to have good mental health. These are activities that we enjoy and that produce satisfaction. Whenever we do things that we enjoy our organism secretes hormones that make us feel happy. This feeling is important when people are stress about any personal situation. So, this question does not get the highest rate, but it gets a significant one, a 4.
❑How much do you depend on natural ecosystems for the food you eat?
Basically, we depend on nature and the ecosystem to get food and any kind of supply. If the ecosystems are damaged and altered, there is a general disbalance, and every form of life is affected. Some species might even get extinct. If we keep damaging the environment as we are doing currently, we will get to the point of not having any supply available to survive. So this is one of the most important questions, which gets the highest rate, a big 5.
❑How important is preserving natural ecosystems to you?
This question is closely related to the anterior one. It is very important for us as a species to realize that we depend on nature 100%, that we need to take care of it and preserve ecosystems all around the world. With no healthy and equilibrated ecosystems, we do not get to survive. So this is the other question that gets the highest rate, 5.
❑How willing are you to sacrifice things in your life to make sure that natural ecosystems stay unharmed in the future?
This one is kind of difficult to answer, We could say that we are 100% willing to sacrifice to make sure ecosystems stay unharmed. However, we are so used to consumption, technology, confort, an easy lifestyle, and etc, that would be really difficult for us to sacrifice everything that we are used to. Just imagine yourself giving up your cellphone or your computer. Technology is one of the most polluting industries in the world. But we depend so much on it, that seems almost impossible to imagine us without it. This is why my score for this question is a 4. Personally, I surely would sacrifice too many useful things, but I find it hard to sacrifice some others.
What about cellulose makes it ideal for structural support?
Answer:The answer would be D!
Explanation:
A hydrogen bond is one of the strongest molecular bonds. :)
