What best explains why a firm's ratio of long-term debt/total capital is lower than the industry average, while the ratio of income before interest and taxes/debt interest charges is higher than the industry average
Answer:
The lower ratio of long-term debt to total capital is explained by the fact that the company is not highly geared or leveraged in comparison to the industry average firm.
This also explains why the ratio of income before interest and taxes to the debt interest charges is higher than the industry average because the firm does not pay so much in interest expense as the average firm in its industry.
Explanation:
Company X's leverage determines its ratio of long-term debts to total capital. If Company X has large long-term debts it will have a higher long-term debts to total capital ratio and vice versa. In that situation, Company X will also pay more in interest, causing its ratio of income before interest and taxes to the interest charges to be higher than the industry average, and vice versa.
The firm is an all-equity firm with assets worth $350 million and 100 million shares outstanding. It plans to borrow $100 million and use these funds to repurchase shares. The firm’s marginal corporate tax is 21%, and it plans to keep its outstanding debt equal to $100 million permanently. If the firm manages to repurchase shares at $4 per share, what is the per share value of equity for the leveraged firm? A) $2.71 per share B) $3.5 per share C) $3.61 per share D) $3.71 per share E) $4 per share
Answer:
B) $3.5 per share
Explanation:
Assets = Existing assets + Tax shield
= $350 million + 21% * $100 million
= $371 million
Equity = Asset - Debt
= $371 million - $100 million
= $271 million
The Shares are repurchase at $4
At this price, the firm would have 100 - 100/4 = 75 million shares outstanding .
Worth of shares outstanding = Equity / Outstanding shares
Worth of shares outstanding = ($271 million / 75 million shares)
Worth of shares outstanding = $3.61 per shares
2. Which of the following is not an accurate statement as concerns competing in the markets of foreign countries? A. A multi-country strategy is generally superior to a global strategy. B. There are country-to-country differences in consumer buying habits and buyer tastes and preferences. C. A company must contend with fluctuating exchange rates and country-tocountry variations in host government restrictions and requirements. D. Product designs suitable for one country are often inappropriate in another. E. Market growth rates vary from country to country.
Answer:
A. A multi-country strategy is generally superior to a global strategy.
Explanation:
Foreign countries are the countries that are established in a foreign. Each and every foreign country has different consumer preference, buying power, taste and preferences.
Also there are no fixed exchanged rates plus the designs of the product are not fixed for another country as it depends on the customer demand which type of product they needed. Moreover, the growth rate is also different in different countries
Hence, option A is correct
Assume that a purely competitive firm has the following schedule of average and marginal costs:
Output AFC AVC ATC MC
1 $300 $100 $400 $100
2 150 75 225 50
3 100 70 170 60
4 75 73 148 80
5 60 80 140 110
6 50 90 140 140
7 43 103 146 180
8 38 119 156 230
9 33 138 171 290
10 30 160 190 360
Instructions: Enter all values as whole numbers. If any values are negative, please enter them with a (-) sign.
a) At a price $55, the firm would produce ____ units of output. At a price of $120, the firm would produce ____ units of output. At a price of $200, the firm would produce ____ units of output.
b) The per-unit economic profit (or loss) is calculated by subtracting at a particular level of output from the product price. This per-unit economic profit is then multiplied by the number of units of ___ to determine the economic profit for the competitive firm.
i) At the product price of $200, the average total costs are $____, so per-unit economic profit is
$____. Multiplying this amount by the number of units of output results in an economic
profit of $____.
ii) At the product price of $120, the average total costs are $____, so per-unit economic losses are $____. Multiplying this amount by the number of units of output results in an economic loss of $____.
Answer:
a) At a price $55, the firm would produce 3 units of output.
At a price of $120, the firm would produce 6 units of output.
At a price of $200, the firm would produce 7 units of output.
The rule is Price = Marginal Cost for a competitive firm
b) The per-unit economic profit (or loss) is calculated by subtracting ATC at a particular level of output from the product price. This per-unit economic profit is then multiplied by the number of units of output to determine the economic profit for the competitive firm.
i) At the product price of $200, the average total costs are $146 , so per-unit economic profit is $54 . Multiplying this amount by the number of units of output results in an economic profit of $378 .
Explanation:
At P = 200, output produced is 7 units
ATC is $146
Per-unit economic profit = 200 - 146 = $54
Hence, Total economic profit = $54 x 7 = $378
ii) At the product price of $120, the average total costs are $140 , so per-unit economic losses are $ -20. Multiplying this amount by the number of units of output results in an economic loss of $-100.
Explanation: At P = 20, output produced will be 5 units. 6th unit will not be produced as it will result in even greater loss.
Total loss = ($140 - $120) x 5 = $100
How does technological change affect industry evolution? And how should firms manage product adoption and diffusion?
Answer:
How does technological change affect industry evolution?
Technological change greatly affects industry evolution. It is perhaps the most important factor in industry evolution, because technological advancements create new industries, and cause the death of other industries.
For example, the telephone industry replaced the telegraph industry, and the internet has made many technologies obsolete.
And how should firms manage product adoption and diffusion?
Firms should manage product adoption and diffusion in a strategic matter. Firms should look for new products with some anticipation in other to make a profit on customer and technological trends. Firms should also establish when to discard old products that are becoming obsolete in the market.
Pressure tactics lead the other party to realize that the status quo is acceptable, and they make explicit the costs of not negotiating.
a. True
b. Fasle
Answer: b. False
Explanation:
Pressure tactics is described as to pressurize the other party to realize that the status quo is unacceptable, and they make the costs of not negotiating very explicit.
Pressure tactic is one of the influence tactics which focuses on using power by demanding compliance or using threats.
Hence, the given statement is false.
Fowler, Inc., just paid a dividend of $2.70 per share on its stock. The dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 4.5 percent per year, indefinitely. Assume investors require a return of 9 percent on this stock. a. What is the current price? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. What will the price be in six years and in thirteen years? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answer:
Fowler, Inc.a. Current price = Current Dividend/r - g
where r = Required Rate of Return
and g = growth rate
= $2.70/0.09 - 0.045
= $2.70/0.045
= $60
b. The price in six years' time, growing at 4.5%
= Current price x (1 + g)^6
= $60 x 1.30226
= $78.14
c. The price in thirteen years' time, growing at 4.5%
= $60 x 1.772196
= $106.33
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Current Dividend = $2.70
Dividends' constant growth rate = 4.5% p.a. indefinitely
Investors' required rate of return = 9%
Fowler, Inc.'s stock prices calculated using the dividend, growth rate, and investors required rate of return gives the intrinsic values of the stock for the current year, in six and thirteen years' time. The intrinsic value calculation eliminates the need to value the stock subjectively.
Firms that compete in the global marketplace typically face two types of competitive pressures, namely, the pressures for _______ and _______.
a. global integration; local responsiveness
b. politically sensitivity; market leadership
c. cost reductions; marginal costs
d. price reductions; cost reductions
Answer:
a. global integration; local responsiveness.
Explanation:
A competitive pressure in business management can be defined as the degree of competition faced by a firm which involves the process of seeking to have a significant share of the available customers and market in a specific industry.
Firms that compete in the global marketplace typically face two types of competitive pressures, namely, the pressures for global integration and local responsiveness.
A global integration can be defined as the degree to which a particular firm can make use of the available resources, products and methods in another country.
On the other hand, local responsiveness can be defined as the extent to which a particular firm must customize or tailor its products and methods of production in order to meet conditions in another country.
You purchased a stock at a price of $48.98. The stock paid a dividend of $1.63 per share and the stock price at the end of the year was $54.12. What was the total return for the year? Multiple Choice 13.82% 10.49% 13.17% 12.51% 3.33%
Answer:
13.82%
Explanation:
The computation of total return for the year is shown below:-
Total return = (End value - Beginning value + Dividend) ÷ Beginning value
= ($54.12 - $48.98 + $1.63) ÷ $48.98
= 6.77 ÷ $48.98
= 0.13821
or
= 13.82%
Therefore for computing the total return we simply applied the above formula by considering all the information given in the question
who are the customers for textbooks? What do these customers want in terms of goods and services related to textbooks? From the publishers point of view, who are the key customer?
Answer:
the customers for textbooks are students and schools
An annuity provides for 30 annual payments. The first payment of 100 is made immediately and the remaining payments increase by 8 percent per annum. Interest is calculated at 13.4 percent per annum. Calculate the present value of this annuity.
Answer:
$1423.38
Explanation:
number of payments ( number of years )(n) = 30
first payment = $100
interest calculated at : 13.4 % = 0.134
increment rate : 8 percent = 0.08
we can calculate the present value using this Equation
= (p / (r-g)) * [1 - [(1+g)/(1+r)]^n ]
where :
p / (r-g) = 100 / (0.134 - 0.08 ) = $1852
[1 - ((1+g)/(1+r)]^n ) = (1 - ((1.08/1.134)^30 ) = 0.7686
hence the present value of this annuity = $1852 * 0.7686 = $1423.38
Note :
p ( first principal payment ) = $100
r ( calculated interest ) = 13.4% = 0.134
g ( increment interest ) = 8 % = 0.08
Fiedler's contingency model of leadership has made an important and lasting contribution to the study of leadership because it: Group of answer choices suggests that organizations need to engineer the situation to fit the leader's preferred style. is the only theory to adopt the implicit leadership perspective. was the first theory to recognize the existence of leadership substitutes. discovered that effective leaders do not have a common set of competencies. is the only leadership theory to adopt a contingency approach.
Answer:
suggests that organizations need to engineer the situation to fit the leader's preferred style.
Explanation:
Fiedler is of the view that a person's leadership style is a product of experiences throughout their lifetime. So it is difficult to change it.
He suggested that instead of teaching a particular leadership style and forcing people to align with them, it is better to adjust the situation to an individual's leadership style.
The weakness of this is that the leader may be more effective in a particular situation and weak in another one
Unable to borrow from other banks, University Bank is forced to turn to the Federal Reserve for needed funds. The interest rate that the Federal Reserve will charge University Bank is called the
Answer:
Discount rate
Explanation:
The discount rate is the rate of interest i.e. charged by the Fed for extending the loan to the commercial bank
In order to apply the expansionary monetary policy, Fed redcued the discount rate and apply the contractionary monetary policy so that the Fed could raise the interest rate
Therefore in the given case, the charge we called as a discount rate
Steady Company's stock has a beta of . If the risk-free rate is and the market risk premium is , what is an estimate of Steady Company's cost of equity?
The question is incomplete as it misses the figures. The following is the complete question.
Steady Company's stock has a beta of 0.21. If the risk-free rate is 6.2% and the market risk premium is 6.9%, what is an estimate of Steady Company's cost of equity?
Answer:
The cost of equity is 0.07649 or 7.649%
Explanation:
The required rate of return or cost of equity capital is the rate required by the investors to invest in a stock based on the systematic risk of the stock as measure by the beta. The required rate of return or cost of equity can be calculated using the CAPM equation. The CAPM equation is,
r = rRF + Beta * rpM
Where,
rRf is the risk free raterpM is the risk premium on marketr = 0.062 + 0.21 * 0.069
r = 0.07649 or 7.649%
Ben and Jerry were shareholders of Water Ice Inc., an S corp. On Jan. 1, 1998, Ben owned 40 shares and Jerry owned 60 shares. Ben sold his shares to Joe for $10,000 on March 31, 1998. The corp. reported a $50,000 loss at the end of 1998.
How much of the loss is allocated to Joe?
A. $20,000
B. $15,060
C. $12,500
D. $10,000
Answer: $15,060
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Ben and Jerry were shareholders of Water Ice Inc., an S corp. On Jan. 1, 1998, Ben owned 40 shares and Jerry owned 60 shares.
We are further told that Ben sold his shares to Joe for $10,000 on March 31, 1998 and that the corp. reported a $50,000 loss at the end of 1998. The loss that will be allocated to Joe will be:
= $50,000 × 40% × 9/12
= $50,000 × 0.4 × 0.75
= $15,000
The closest figure we have close to that is $15,060 which is option B
A ________ externality exists when the number of customers who purchase a good or use it influences the quantity demanded.
Answer: network
Explanation:
Network externality simply states that demand for a good or service has to do with how other people demand for that particular good or service. It means consumer's buying patterns are influenced by the purchase of others buying the product.
Therefore, a network externality exists when the number of customers who purchase a good or use it influences the quantity demanded.
Sloan Transmissions inc.,has the following estimates for its new gear assembly project: price=$2,200 per unit., variable cost= $440 per unit., fixed costs = $1.6 million., quantity = 90,000 units. suppose the company believes all of its estimates are accurate only to
Answer:
Best case
Price 2,640
Variable cost per unit 352
Fixed cost 1.28 million
Quantity 108,000 units
Worst case
Price 1,760
Variable cost per unit 528
Fixed cost 1.92 million
Quantity 72,000 units
Explanation:
Based on the information given in the best case expenses would be 20% lower while the incomes will be 20% higher.
Calculation for the price
Price = 2,200 ×(1+0.20)
Price=2,200×1.2
Price = 2,640
Calculation for Variable cost per unit
Variable cost per unit = 440× (1-0.20)
Variable cost per unit=440×0.80
Variable cost per unit= 352
Calculation for fixed cost
Fixed cost = 1.60 million ×(1-0.20)
Fixed cost=1.60 million× 0.80
Fixed cost= 1.28 million
Calculation for the Quantity
Quantity = 90,000 × (1+0.20)
Quantity =90,000×1.2
Quantity=108,000units
Therefore, Best case will be:
Price 2,640
Variable cost per unit 352
Fixed cost 1.28 million
Quantity 108,000units
Based on the information given in the worst case expenses would be 20% higher while incomes would be 20% lower.
Calculation for the price
Price = 2,200 × (1-0.20) = 1080
Price=2,200 ×0.8
Price=1,760
Calculation for the Variable cost per unit
Variable cost per unit = 440 × (1+0.20)
Variable cost per unit=440× 1.2
Variable cost per unit= 528
Calculation for Fixed cost
Fixed cost = 1.60 million × (1+0.20)
Fixed cost=1.60 million×1.2
Fixed cost= 1.92 million
Calculation for the Quatity
Quantity = 90,000 ×(1-0.20)
Quantity=90,000×0.8
Quantity= 72,000 units
Therefore Worst case will be:
Price 1,760
Variable cost per unit 528
Fixed cost 1.92 million
Quantity 72,000 units
Which of these conditions helped establish the foundation for a market revolution in the United States
Question Completion:
Choices: Rapid improvements in transportation and communication; the production of goods for a cash market; and the use of inventions and innovations to produce goods for a mass market.
Answer:
The condition that helped to establish the foundation for a market revolution in the United States is:
Rapid improvements in transportation and communication
Explanation:
Rapid improvements in transportation and communication spurred innovations. With innovations, capitalism was born. Innovations needed factories for mass production. In turn, according to American History, "factories and mass production increasingly displaced individual artisans and farmers," who survived at subsistent levels. Large farms grew and produced crops for distant markets, no longer only for family and local markets. Most of the crops were further processed, packaged, preserved, and shipped through cheap transportation systems like the Erie Canal, using steamboats. And the rest, they say, is history.
Selected data concerning operations of Cascade Manufacturing Company for the past fiscal year follow:
Raw materials used ..... $300,000
Total manufacturing costs charged to production during the year (includes raw materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead applied at a rate of 60 percent of direct labor costs) ..... 681,000
Cost of goods available for sale ...... 826,000
Selling and general expenses ...... 30,000
Beginning Inventories
Raw materials ...... $70,000
Work-in-process...... 85,000
Finished goods ...... 90,000
Ending Inventories
Raw materials ...... $80,000
Work-in-process ...... 30,000
Finished goods ....... 110,000
Determine each of the following:
a. Cost of raw materials purchased
b. Direct labor costs charged to production
c. Cost of goods manufactured
d. Cost of goods sold
Answer:
a. Purchases $310,000
b. Direct labor $ 238,125
c. Cost of goods manufactured $ 736,000
d. Cost of goods sold $ 716,000
Explanation:
Cascade Manufacturing Company
Raw materials used ..... $300,000
Add Raw materials Ending ...... $80,000
Less Raw materials Beginning...... $70,000
a. Purchases $310,000
Add Raw materials Ending to Raw materials used and subtract Raw materials Beginning to get Raw materials Purchases.
Total manufacturing costs $ 681,000
Less Raw materials used ..... $300,000
Conversion Costs $ 381,000
Conversion Costs = Direct Labor + Factory Overhead
$ 381,000= x + 0.6 x
$ 381,000= 1.6x
b. x= Direct labor = $ 381,000/1.6= $ 238,125
Factory Overhead= 0.6 *$ 238,125= $ 142875
Find Conversion Costs and then apply the ratio to get the direct labor costs.
c.
Cascade Manufacturing Company
Cost of goods manufactured
Raw materials Beginning...... $70,000
Add Purchases $310,000
Less Raw materials Ending ...... $80,000
Raw materials used ..... $300,000
Add Direct labor $ 238,125
Factory Overhead $ 142875
Total manufacturing costs $ 681,000
Add Work-in-process Beginning...... 85,000
Cost of goods available for manufacture $ 766,000
Less Work-in-process Ending...... 30,000
Cost of goods manufactured $ 736,000
Add and subtract as above to get the Cost of goods manufactured.
d. Cascade Manufacturing Company
Cost of goods sold
Raw materials Beginning...... $70,000
Add Purchases $310,000
Less Raw materials Ending ...... $80,000
Raw materials used ..... $300,000
Add Direct labor $ 238,125
Factory Overhead $ 142875
Total manufacturing costs $ 681,000
Add Work-in-process Beginning...... 85,000
Cost of goods available for manufacture $ 766,000
Less Work-in-process Ending...... 30,000
Cost of goods manufactured $ 736,000
Add Finished goods Beginning...... 90,000
Cost of goods available for sale $ 826,000
Less Finished goods Ending....... 110,000
Cost of goods sold $ 716,000
Add and subtract as above to get the Cost of goods sold.
The Bell Weather Co. is a new firm in a rapidly growing industry. The company is planning on increasing its annual dividend by 20 percent a year for the next 4 years and then decreasing the growth rate to 5 percent per year. The company just paid its annual dividend in the amount of $2.00 per share. What is the current value of one share of this stock if the required rate of return is 5.70 percent
Answer:
Current market value =$40.6
Explanation:
The Dividend Valuation Model is a technique used to value the worth of an asset. According to this model, the worth of an asset is the sum of the present values of its future cash flows discounted at the required rate of return.
PV of dividend from year 1 to 4
Year Present Value
1 2 × (1.2) ×(1.057)^(-1) = 2.27
2 2 × (1.2)^2×(1.057)^(-2)= 2.58
3 2 × (1.2)^3×(1.057)^(-3) = 2.93
4 2 × (1.2)^4×(1.057)^(-4) = 3.32
Total PV = 11.10
PV of dividend from year 1 to 4 = 11.10
PV of dividend from year 5 and beyond
This will be done in two steps:
Step 1: PV (in year 4 terms) of dividends
( 2 × (1.2)^4× (1-0.05) )/(0.057--(0.05)) = 36.82
Step 2 : PV( in year 0 terms) of dividends
=PV in (year 4 terms)× (1+r)^-4
=36.82 × 1.057^(-4) = 29.50
PV of dividend from year 5 and beyond =29.50
Current market value = Total PV of dividend = 11.10 + 29.50 = $40.6
Current market value =$40.6
The science of designing for efficient and comfortable interaction between a product and the human body is called __________.
Answer:
The question is lacking the multiple-choice options, below is the complete question and options:
The science of designing for efficient and comfortable interaction between a product and the human body is called __________.
A. the Kazuo principle
B. physical economics
C. the Kotlean method
D. ergonomics
Answer:
The correct answer is:
ergonomics (D)
Explanation:
Ergonomics is the application of the principles of psychology and physiology to the design and engineering of products, processes, or systems, with the aim of reducing human error, increasing productivity and enhancing safety and comfort, by paying particular attention to the human being the thing being interacted with. The ergonomic process involves:
Assessing risk, planning improvements, measuring progress, and scaling solutions.
Ergonomics involves so many disciplines including anthropology, psychology, physiology, sociology, engineering, biomechanics etc.
To gain more in-depth knowledge of ergonomics, I suggest you look it up.
. In the step-by-step deployment of MIS in a business, which (and why) of the following will you consider as a Foundation Step for Stock broker.
a. Enterprise Resource Planning Module
b. Supply Chain Management Module
c. Customer Relationship Management Module
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Customer Relationship Management Module
Hope it helps
It will cost $3,000 to acquire a small ice cream cart. Cart sales are expected to be $1,400 a year for three years. After the three years, the cart is expected to be worthless as that is the expected remaining life of the cooling system. What is the payback period of the ice cream cart?
Answer:
2.14 years
Explanation:
Payback calculates the amount of time it takes to recover the amount invested in a project from it cumulative cash flows
Payback period = Amount invested / cash flows = $3,000 / $1,400 = 2.14 years
Rocket Shoe Company is planning a one-month campaign for August to promote sales of one of its two shoe products. A total of $113,000 has been budgeted for advertising, contests, redeemable coupons, and other promotional activities. The following data have been assembled for their possible usefulness in deciding which of the products to select for the campaign. Cross-Trainer Shoe Running ShoeUnit selling price $41 $45 Unit production costs: Direct materials $(8) $(10) Direct labor (3) (3) Variable factory overhead (2) (3) Fixed factory overhead (3) (4) Total unit production costs $(16) $(20) Unit variable selling expenses (13) (12) Unit fixed selling expenses (8) (4) Total unit costs $(37) $(36) Operating income per unit $4 $9No increase in facilities would be necessary to produce and sell the increased output. It is anticipated that 24,000 additional units of cross-trainer shoes or 20,000 additional units of running shoes could be sold without changing the unit selling price of either product.Required:Prepare a differential analysis report presenting the additional revenue and additional costs anticipated from the promotion of cross-trainer shoes and running shoes.
Answer:
Contribution Margin from proposal
Cross Trainer Shoes $360,000
Running Shoe $340,000
Explanation:
Preparation of differential analysis for Rocket Shoe Company
DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS
Cross Trainer Shoes Running Shoe
Differential Revenue 984,000 900,000
Differential costs:
Direct Material (192,000) (200,000)
Direct labor (72,000) (60,000)
Variable factory overhead (48,000) (60,000)
Variable selling expense (312,000) (240,000)
Differential cost (624,000) (560,000)
Contribution Margin from proposal 360,000 340,000
Differential Revenue
Cross Trainer Shoes(41*24,000)=$984,000
Running Shoe(45*20,000) =$900,000
Differential costs:
Direct Material
Cross Trainer Shoes (8*24,000)=192,000
Running Shoe(10*20,000)=200,000
Direct labor
Cross Trainer Shoes (3*24,000)=72,000
Running Shoe(3*20,000)=60,000
Variable factory overhead
Cross Trainer Shoes (2*24,000)=48,000
Running Shoe(3*20,000)=60,000
Variable selling expense
Cross Trainer Shoes (13*24,000)=312,000
Running Shoe(12*20,000)=240,000
Differential cost is the addition of direct materials +direct labor + Variable factory overhead+Variable selling expense
Contribution Margin from proposal
Cross Trainer Shoes 984,000-624,000=360,000
Running Shoe 900,000-560,000=340,000
Since Cross trainer shoes had $360,000 this means that cross trainer shoes would contribute more than Running shoe which had $340,000 because Cross trainer shoes contribution margin is higher.
To judge whether a particular diversification move has good potential for building added shareholder value, the move should pass the following tests:___________.
A) the attractiveness test, the barrier-to-entry test, and the growth test.
B) the strategic fit test, the resource fit test, and the profitability test.
C) the barrier-to-entry test, the growth test, and the shareholder value test.
D) the attractiveness test, the cost-of-entry test, and the better-off test.
E) the resource fit test, the strategic fit test, the profitability test, and the shareholder value test.
Answer:
D) the attractiveness test, the cost-of-entry test, and the better-off test.
Explanation:
To judge a diversification change, an organization needs to pass the attractiveness tests, the entry cost test and the best situation test.
These tests will be decisive to analyze the potential that diversification will have to create added value for the shareholder.
The attractiveness test will list the ability that the market has to ensure that there is a safe return on investments.
The cost-of-entry will aim to ensure that when entering a new sector, the organization does not have higher costs that can influence the generation of profitability.
Finally, the better-off test will analyze whether the planned diversification will be so profitable that it will help to improve the performance of the integration of organizational businesses.
Answer:
OPTION d
Explanation:
1. A research project began with the selection of women who had recently had abdominal surgery. The project matched those women with controls and continued with measurements of abdominal muscle strength for both groups every three months for a year. This project was: A. Prospective study B. Retrospective study C. Experimental study D. Cross sectional study
Answer:
Abdominal rectus diastasis is a condition where the abdominal muscles are separated by an abnormal distance due to widening of the linea alba causing the abdominal content to bulge. It is commonly acquired in pregnancies and with larger weight gains. Even though many patients suffer from the condition, treatment options are poorly investigated including the effect of physiotherapy and surgical treatment. The symptoms include pain and discomfort in the abdomen, musculoskeletal and urogynecological problems in addition to negative body image and impaired quality of life. The purpose of this review was to give an overview of treatment options for abdominal rectus diastasis.
Results: The first treatment step is physiotherapy. However, evidence is lacking on which regimen to use and success rates are not stated. The next step is surgery, either open or laparoscopic, and both surgical approaches have high success rates. The surgical approach includes different plication techniques. The recurrence and complication rates are low, complications are minor, and repair improves low back pain, urinary incontinence, and quality of life. Robotic assisted surgery might become a possibility in the near future, but data are still lacking.
Conclusions: Evidence on what conservatory treatment to use is sparse, and more research needs to be done. Both open and laparoscopic surgery have shown positive results. Innovative treatment by robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery has potential, however, more research needs to be done in this area as well. An international guideline for the treatment of rectus diastasis could be beneficial for patients and clinicians.
Keywords: rectus diastasis, treatment options, physiotherapy, surgery, abdominoplasty, laparoscopy, robot assisted surgery
ABC Corporation, after many profitable years, declares a one-time special cash dividend of $10.00 per share. After the announcement, the stock is trading at $100 per share. Your customer holds 1 ABC Jan 110 Call. As of the ex date, the customer will have:
Answer:
1 ABC Jan 100 Call
Explanation:
Although the OCC does not usually adjust the strike price of listed options for regular quarterly cash dividends. This is because they are known quantity that are segmented by the market into options premium.
For special cash dividends, they are not a frequent event hence market does not recognize them. This special cash dividend is $10 per share × 100 shares = $1,000 value per contract. It therefore means that the $1,000 value per contract will be adjusted.
The new strike price will be
= 110 - 10 cash dividend
= 100. It also means that the number of shares covered by the contract does not change.
A company budgeted unit sales of 274000 units for January, 2017 and 310000 units for February 2017. The company has a policy of having an inventory of units on hand at the end of each month equal to 30% of next month's budgeted unit sales. If there were 82200 units of inventory on hand on December 31, 2016, how many units should be produced in January, 2017 in order for the company to meet its goals
Answer:
Calculation of the Ending inventory required to be maintained
Particulars Amount
Next months budgeted sales 310,000
% of unit required to be maintained 30%
at the end of current month
Number of units required to be 93,000
maintained at the end of the
current month
Unit to be produced = Budgeted sales for the month + Ending inventory + Beginning inventory
Unit to be produced = 274,000 + 93,000 + 82,200
Unit to be produced = 449,200
Thus, the number of units to be produced in the month of January 2013 are 449,200 units.
A practice, favored by unions, which contractually binds employers to hire only workers who are already members of the union is called a(n):
Answer:
The correct answer is: Closed Shop.
Explanation:
To begin with, the name of "Closed Shop" refers to a type of practice well known as "pre-entry closed shop" too that unions favored with the only purpose to obligate the companies to contract workers who are already members of the union itself so in that situation both the company and the union tend to have an agreement of maintaining certain salary price for the workers so they are not in a continous fight. Moreover, this practice allow the workers to be employed by the company only if they are members of the union and as long as they are members of it.
A share of stock is now selling for $120. It will pay a dividend of $10 per share at the end of the year. Its beta is 1. What must investors expect the stock to sell for at the end of the year? Assume the risk-free rate is 6% and the expected rate of return on the market is 18%. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Answer:
P1 = 131.6566627 rounded off to $131.66
Explanation:
To calculate the price of the stock at the end of the year or P1, we first need to determine the required rate of return on the stock and the growth rate in dividends.
The required rate of return can be found using the CAPM equation. The formula for required rate of return under CAPM is,
r = rRF + Beta * (rM - rRF)
Where,
rRF is the risk free rate rM is the return on market
r = 0.06 + 1 * (0.18 - 0.06)
r = 0.18 or 18%
Now we assume that the stock is a constant growth stock which means that the growth in dividends is expected to be constant throughout. The price of such a stock is found using the constant growth model of DDM. The formula for price today under the constant growth model is,
P0 = D1 / (r - g)
Where,
P0 is price today D1 is expected dividend for the next period g is the growth rate in dividends
Plugging in the available variables, g is,
120 = 10 / (0.18 - g)
120* (0.18 - g) = 10
21.6 - 120g = 10
g = (10 - 21.6) / -120
g = 0.096667 or 9.6667% rounded off to 9.67%
So to calculate the price at the end of the year or P1, we will use D2.
P1 = 10 * (1+0.0967) / (0.18 - 0.0967)
P1 = 131.6566627 rounded off to $131.66
