Answer: $15.33
Explanation:
Present value of growth opportunities = Value of company with growth - Value of company without growth
Value of company with growth:
Using Gordon Growth:
Growth rate = Reinvestment rate * Earnings reinvested
= 20% * 15%
= 3%
Value with growth = ( Earnings * Dividend payout ratio) / (Cost of equity - growth rate)
= (2 * (1 - 20%) ) / (8% - 3%)
= $32.00
Value without growth:
= Earnings / Cost of equity
= 2 / 12%
= $16.67
Present value of growth opportunities = 32 - 16.67
= $15.33
Which of the following is not an appropriate member of an audit committee?
A А.
An academic specializing in business administration
B
The organization's vice president of operations.
С.
A retired executive of a firm that had been associated with the organization
D
The vice president of the local bank used by the organization
TRUE OR FALSE?WHY?
The goods that the enterprise wants or intends to add to its capital stock are inventories.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Because for their profit
Sleep Cheap is a private camping ground near the Boulder Peak Recreation Area. It has compiled the following financial information as of December 31, 2022.
Services revenues (from camping fees) $132,000
Dividends $8,000
Sales revenues (from general store) 25,000
Notes payable 50,000
Accounts payable 13,000
Administrative expenses 133,000
Cash 13,500
Supplies 2,500
Equipment 108,000
Common stock 40,000
Retained earnings (1/1/2022) 5,000
Required:
a. Determine net income from Sleep Cheap for 2022.
b. Prepare a retained earnings statement and a balance sheet for Sleep Cheap as of December 31, 2022.
Answer and Explanation:
a. The net income should be
Service Revenue $132,000
Sales Revenue $25,000
Total revenues $157,000
Less: Total expense -$133,000
Net income $24,000
b.
The preparation of the retained earning statement is presented below:
Retained Earnings Statement
For the year ended December 31,2022
Retained Earnings, January 1 $5,000
Add: Net income $24,000
Less: Dividends -$8,000
Retained Earnings, December 31 $21,000
The preparation of the balance sheet is presented below:
Balance Sheet
December 31,2022
Assets
Cash $13,500
Supplies $2,500
Equipment $108,000
Total Assets $124,000
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities
Accounts Payable $13,000
Notes Payable $50,000
Total Liabilities $63,000
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock $40,000
Retained Earnings $21,000
Total Stockholders' Equity $61,000
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity $124,000
M. Poirot wishes to sell a bond that has a face value of $1,000. The bond bears an interest rate of 11.28% with bond interest payable semiannually. Six years ago, $979 was paid for the bond. At least a 12% return (yield) on the investment is desired. The minimum selling price must be: Enter your answer as follow: 1234.56
Answer:
M. Poirot
The minimum selling price must be:
= $2,065.09.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Face value of bond = $1,000
Interest rate = 11.28%
Interest payment = semiannually
Price of bond six years ago = $979
Desired return (yield) rate = 12%
Minimum selling price can be determined as follows:
N (# of periods) 12
I/Y (Interest per year) 12
PV (Present Value) 979
PMT (Periodic Payment) 5.64
Results
FV = $2,065.09
Sum of all periodic payments $67.68
Total Interest $1,018.41
Capstone Inc. collects 85% of its sales on account in the month of the sale and 15% in the month following the sale. If sales on account are budgeted to be $265,000 for September and $225,000 for October, what are the budgeted cash receipts from sales on account for October? $fill in the blank 1
Answer: $231,000
Explanation:
The budgeted cash receipts in October is:
= (85% * October sales) + (15% * September sales)
= (85% * 225,000) + (15% * 265,000)
= 191,250 + 39,750
= $231,000
Profit Center Responsibility Reporting for a Service Company
Thomas Railroad Company organizes its three divisions, the North (N), South (S), and West (W) regions, as profit centers. The chief executive officer (CEO) evaluates divisional performance, using income from operations as a percent of revenues. The following quarterly income and expense accounts were provided from the trial balance as of December 31:
Revenues—N Region $1,039,000
Revenues—S Region 1,281,400
Revenues—W Region 2,205,700
Operating Expenses—N Region 658,400
Operating Expenses—S Region 762,600
Operating Expenses—W Region 1,333,900
Corporate Expenses—Dispatching 518,400
Corporate Expenses—Equipment Management 259,700
Corporate Expenses—Treasurer’s 158,000
General Corporate Officers’ Salaries 349,000
The company operates three service departments: the Dispatching Department, the Equipment Management Department, and the Treasurer’s Department. The Dispatching Department manages the scheduling and releasing of completed trains. The Equipment Management Department manages the railroad cars inventories. It makes sure the right freight cars are at the right place at the right time. The Treasurer’s Department conducts a variety of services for the company as a whole. The following additional information has been gathered:
North South West
Number of scheduled trains 5,400 6,500 9,700
Number of railroad cars in inventory 1,200 2,000 1,700
Question Completion:
1. Prepare quarterly income statements showing income from operations for the three regions. Use three column headings: North, South, and West. Do not round your interim calculations Thomas Railroad Company Divisional Income Statements For the Quarter Ended December 3:1 North South West Revenues Operating expenses Income from operations before service department charges Service department charges: Dispatching Equipment Management Total service department charges Income from operations
2. What is the profit margin of each division? Round to one decimal place Region North Region South Region West Region Identify the most successful region according to the profit margin Profit Margin 0%6
3. What would you include in a recommendation to the CEO for a better method for evaluating the performance of the divisions?
a. The method used to evaluate the performance of the divisions should be reevaluated
b. A better divisional performance measure would be the rate of return on investment (income from operations divided by divisional assets).
c. A better divisional performance measure would be the residual income (income from operations less a minimal return on divisional assets).
d. None of these choices would be Included
e. All of these choices (a, b & c) would be included.
Answer:
Thomas Railroad Company
1. Thomas Railroad Company
Divisional Income Statements
For the Quarter Ended December 3:
Divisions North (N) South (S) West (W)
Revenues $1,039,000 $1,281,400 $2,205,700
Operating expenses 658,400 762,600 1,333,900
Income from operations
before service
department charges $380,600 $518,800 $871,800
Service department charges:
Dispatching $63,600 $106,000 $90,100
Equipment management 39,500 47,550 70,950
Total service
department charges $103,100 $153,548 $161,050
Income from operations 277,500 $365,252 $710,750
2. Profit margin ratio 26.7% 28.5% 32.2%
West's performance is above all the rest, with a profit margin of 32.2%.
3. e. All of these choices (a, b & c) would be included.
Explanation:
Divisions North (N) South (S) West (W)
Revenues $1,039,000 $1,281,400 $2,205,700
Operating expenses 658,400 762,600 1,333,900
Corporate Expenses—Equipment Management 259,700
Corporate Expenses—Treasurer’s 158,000
General Corporate Officers’ Salaries 349,000
Additional data:
Divisions North (N) South (S) West (W) Total
Number of scheduled trains 5,400 6,500 9,700 21,600
Number of railroad cars in inventory 1,200 2,000 1,700 4,900
Corporate Expenses—Equipment Management 259,700/4,900 = $53
Corporate Expenses—Treasurer’s 158,000/21,600 = $7.315
North (N) South (S) West (W) Total
Service departments costs:
Dispatching $63,600 $106,000 $90,100 $259,700
Equipment management 39,500 47,550 70,950 158,000
General Corporate Officers’ Salaries 349,000
Aztec Inc. produces soft drinks. Mixing is the first department, and its output is measured in gallons. Aztec uses the FIFO method. All manufacturing costs are added uniformly. For July, the mixing department provided the following information:
Production:
Units in process, July 1, 60% complete 18,000 gallons
Units completed and transferred out 141,000 gallons
Units in process, July 31, 45% complete 16,000 gallons
Costs:
Work in process, July 1 $36,000
Costs added during July 398,460
Required:
Prepare a production report.
Answer:
Aztec Inc.
Mixing Department
Production Report
For the month of July
Equivalent units of production:
Beginning work in process 18,000 7,200 (40%)
Units started and completed 139,000 139,000 (100%)
Ending work in process 16,000 7,200 (45%)
Total equivalent units of production 153,400
Cost per equivalent unit:
Costs added during July $398,460
Equivalent units 153,400
Cost per equivalent unit = $2.60 ($398,460/153,400)
Cost to be accounted for:
Work in process, July 1 $36,000
Costs added during July 398,460
Total costs to be accounted for $434,460
Costs assigned:
Beginning work in process = $18,720 (7,200 * $2.60)
Units started and completed = $361,400 (139,000 * $2.60)
Ending work in process = $18,720 (7,200 * $2.60)
Costs assigned to:
Units completed and transferred out:
Beginning work in process costs:
60% completion = $36,000
40% completion = 18,720
Units started and
completed in July = 361,400
Total costs assigned to
units transferred out = $416,120
Cost of ending work in process = 18,720
Total costs assigned = $434,840
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
FIFO Method
Units Degree of Completion
July 1 work in process 18,000 60%
Units transferred out 141,000
July 31 work in process 16,000 45%
Production units available 157,000
Beginning work in process 18,000 40% to be completed
Units started and completed 139,000 100%
In markets where the government imposes an excise tax on unit sales, it also has a tendency to dabble with restrictions on advertising (for example, cigarettes and hard liquor). Do potential (or actual) restrictions on advertising in these markets serve the interest of a government that is interested in maximizing its tax revenue from the sale of these products? Explain your answer
Answer:
I am sorry I don't know sorry again
Following are selected accounts for a manufacturing company. For each account, indicate whether it will appear on a budgeted income statement (BIS) or a budgeted balance sheet (BBS). If an item will not appear on either budgeted financial statement, write it NA.
a. Sales
b. Administrative salaries paid
c. Accumulated depreciation
d. Depreciation expense
e. Interest paid on bank loan
f. Cash dividends paid
g. Bank loan owed
h. Cost of goods sold
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
The budgeted income statement is a financial report that lists the estimated revenue, expenses as well as the profit for a given period.
The budgeted balance sheet simply shows the predicted amounts for the assets, liabilities and the equity of a company at the end of the budgeting period.
a. Sales = Budgeted income statement
b. Administrative salaries paid = Budgeted income statement
c. Accumulated depreciation =
Budgeted balance sheet
d. Depreciation expense = Budgeted income statement
e. Interest paid on bank loan = Budgeted income statement
f. Cash dividends paid = N/A
g. Bank loan owed = Budgeted balance sheet
h. Cost of goods sold = Budgeted income statement
Department G had 2,280 units 25% completed at the beginning of the period, 13,200 units were completed during the period, 1,900 units were 20% completed at the end of the period, and the following manufacturing costs were debited to the departmental work in process account during the period: Work in process, beginning of period $29,400 Costs added during period: Direct materials (12,820 units at $9) 115,380 Direct labor 77,400 Factory overhead 25,800 All direct materials are placed in process at the beginning of production, and the first-in, first-out method of inventory costing is used. What is the total cost of the units started and completed during the period (round unit cost calculations to whole dollars and round your final answer to the nearest dollar)?
Answer:
Department G
The total cost of the units started and completed during the period is:
= $184,717.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
FIFO Inventory costing method is used
Units Materials Conversion
Beginning inventory 2,280 100% 25%
Cost of beginning inventory = $29,400
Units started 12,820
Total units available 15,100
Units completed 13,200
Ending inventory 1,900 100% 20%
Started and completed 10,920 (13,200 - 2,280)
Equivalent units of production
Units Materials Conversion
Units in Beginning inventory 2,280 0 (0%) 1,710 (75%)
Units started and completed 10,920 10,920 (100%) 10,920 (100%)
Ending inventory 1,900 1,900 (100%) 380 (20%)
Equivalent units 12,820 13,010
Costs added during the period $115,380 $103,200
Equivalent units 12,820 13,010
Cost per equivalent unit $9.00 $7.93
Costs assigned to:
Beginning inventory $0 $13,603 $13,603
Cost of units started and completed 98,280 86,437 184,717
Ending inventory 17,100 3,013 20,113
Which of the following is not a component of internal control?
A
Integration
B
Control activities
С
Control environment.
D
Risk assessment
Answer:
D is not component of internal control
Internal control is implemented to improve the integrity of economic and accounting information within the organization. Risk assessment is not a component of internal control. Therefore, D is the correct option.
What is risk assessment?Risk assessment is a method to identify the risks and challenges which can hamper the project or goal of the organization. The process includes some steps, such as identifying the risk, evaluating it, managing it, recording the findings, and reviewing the controls. There are many types of risk assessment. They are qualitative, quantitative, generic, site-specific, and dynamic risk assessments.
The purpose of risk assessment is to create and maintain health and safety conditions within the organization.
Internal control is implemented to improve the integrity of economic and accounting information within the organization. Risk assessment is not a component of internal control. Therefore, D is the correct option.
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Initially this seen as a temporary crop until the colonists learned that they could diversify it wine and other food crops. Colonists wanted to grow this crop because it made them money in short time with little investment. What was this crop?
Answer:
Tobacco
Explanation:
Tobacco, grown from seeds stolen from the Spanish, was the cash crop that saved the colonists in the New World. Because growing tobacco required lots of hard work and labor, more people were needed to work in the fields. The more workers one had, the more tobacco they could grow and the greater the profit they could gain.
Coronado Industries can produce 100 units of a component part with the following costs: Direct Materials $24000 Direct Labor 8500 Variable Overhead 22000 Fixed Overhead 11000 If Coronado Industries can purchase the units externally for $60000, by what amount will its total costs change
Answer:
Increase of $5,500
Explanation:
The computation of the change in the total cost is given below:
Total cost at the time of producing is
= Direct material + direct labor + variable overhead
= $24,000 + $8,500 + $22,000
= $54,500
And, the cost of purchasing the unit is $60,000
So, there is an increase of
= $60,000 - $54,500
= $5,500
The same should be relevant
On June 30, 2021, Moran Corporation issued $9.0 million of its 8% bonds for $8.1 million. The bonds were priced to yield 10%. The bonds are dated June 30, 2021. Interest is payable semiannually on December 31 and July 1. If the effective interest method is used, by how much should the bond discount be reduced for the six months ended December 31, 202
Answer:
$45,000
Explanation:
Calculation to determine by how much should the bond discount be reduced for the six months ended December 31, 202
First step
Semiannual interest paid on 31.12.2021 = $9,000,000*8%*6/12
Semiannual interest paid on 31.12.2021= $360,000
Second step
Effective interest expense on 31.12.2021 = $8,100,000 * 10% * 6/12
Effective interest expense on 31.12.2021= $405,000
Last step
Bond discount to be reduced for 6 months ended 31.12.2021 = $405,000 - $360,000
Bond discount to be reduced for 6 months ended 31.12.2021=$45,000
Therefore by how much should the bond discount be reduced for the six months ended December 31, 202 will be $45,000
The managerial accountant at Fast and Mean Manufacturing reported that the organization contains an automated production line to manufacture and produce its products for consumers to enjoy in the marketplace. The managerial accountant reported that the company uses the high-low method to estimate the costs in the new budget. The managerial accountant reported the following information: Month Total Machine-Hours Total Costs January 250,000 $5,500,000 February 248,000 $5,260,000 March 249,000 $5,400,000 April 248,000 $5,220,000 May 238,000 $5,180,000 June 230,000 $5,130,000 Compute the slope of the mixed cost, or the variable cost per unit of activity. Compute the vertical intercept, or the fixed cost component of the mixed cost. What is the mixed cost equation
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
1. Compute the slope of the mixed cost, or the variable cost per unit of activity.
Variable cost per unit will be:
= (Total Cost at the highest level-l - total cost at the lowest level) / (Highest activity level - lowest activity level)
= (5500000 - 5130000)/(250000 - 230000)
= 370000/20000
= $18.50
2. Compute the vertical intercept, or the fixed cost component of the mixed cost.
The fixed cost will be:
= Total cost - Variable cost
= $5,500,000 - (25,000 × $18.50)
= $5,500,000 - $4,625,000
= $875,000
3. What is the mixed cost equation
Mixed Cost equation will be:
= Fixed Cost + (Variable cost per unit × Total Units of activity )
= 875000 + (18.75 × x)
Y = 875000 + 18.75x
Chico Company paid $950,000 for a basket purchase that included office furniture, a building and land. An appraiser provided the following estimates of the market values of the assets if they had been purchased separately: Office furniture, $190,000; Building, $740,000; and Land, $132,000. Based on this information, what is the cost that should be allocated to the office furniture
Answer:
$171,000
Explanation:
The company psid $950,000 for office furniture, building and land
The market value of the assets is
Office furniture= $190,000
Building= $740,000
Land= $132,000
Therefore the cost that should be allocated to the office furniture can be calculated as follows
= 18/100 × 950,000
= 0.18×950,000
= 171,000
Should we, as Americans, be concerned with the economies and standard of living of other countries?
Answer: No the economy and standard of living should be american's focus.
Explanation: If we as american's can't find a solution to our own problem's then it's unlikely that we would be able to solve another countries problems.
No, If we as Americans can't find a solution to our own problem because there exist many differences in the levels of living between various countries.
What is the standard of living?
Standards of living can concern multiple aspects of a population, including satisfaction and productivity. This stands significant because the more significant productivity and happiness exist, the more suitable an economy grows to be as a whole.
The real cause for the dissimilarities in the levels of living between various countries exists the dissimilarity in their levels of national income. The group of national income relies upon the entire volume of an exhibition in the country.
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Each of Professor A and Professor B at UTD has a private secretary, who can type four letters per hour. The letters are generated at a rate of three per hour by each of the two professors, who have been wondering if they would benefit from pooling the two secretaries. Perform a queuing analysis. What is the average waiting time of a letter in the system.
Answer:
Average waiting time = 7.5 minutes
Explanation:
UTD private secretary can type the number of letters = 4 per hour by each.
By professor, the letter generated = 3 per hour by each
Thus by pooling the average time will be the time that comes by dividing the one hour with total letters in an hour.
Use the below formula:
Average waiting time = Minutes in one hour / total letters
Average waiting time = 60 / 8
Average waiting time = 7.5 minutes
team skills do not require the ability to communicate effectively.
true or false
Answer:
I think false .
Explanation:
I think so because while working in a team the most important thing that we need is communication skill.
Check My Work Which of the following moves the pizza market up along a given supply curve? a. a decrease in the price of cheese, an input to pizza b. a kitchen fire that destroys a popular pizza joint c. an increase in the price of pizza d. an increase in the price of root beer, a complement to pizza
Answer: c. an increase in the price of pizza
Explanation:
When there is a movement along the supply curve of a given commodity, it means that the commodity simply went through a price change because the supply curve is meant to depict the quantity supplied at various prices.
If there is an increase in the price of pizza therefore, the pizza market would be moved along the given supply curve.
The other options would cause a shift in the supply and demand curves instead of a movement along.
When a company records depreciation it debits:_____.
A. Depreciation Expense and credits a contra-asset account.
B. Depreciation Expense and credits Cash.
C. a long-lived tangible asset account and credits Depreciation Expense.
D. a liability account and credits Depreciation Expense.
Answer: A. Depreciation Expense and credits a contra-asset account.
Explanation:
Depreciation is an expense which means that when it is incurred, it will be debited because expenses are debited to show that they have increased.
Depreciation reduces the value of an asset so the asset needs to be credited which is what is done when an asset reduces. The full entry would therefore involved a debit to the Depreciation account and a credit to the asset account that is being depreciated.
ình hình tài sản của Cty SAO KIM, số 7, Lê VănTám , phường 9, Quận 10 tính đến ngày 31/12/2020 như sau :
Đvt: triệu đồng.
Tiền mặt 1,000
Tiền gửi ngân hàng 79,000
Phải trả người bán 110,000
1399Nguyên vật liệu 225,000
Vay ngắn hạn ngân hàng 120,000
Công cụ dụng cụ 5,000
Nguồn vốn kinh doanh 965,000
Lãi chưa phân phối 203,500
Xe tải 100,000
Dây chuyền công nghệ 500,000
Máy móc thiết bị 389,000
Phải thu khách hàng 100,000
Phải trả người lao động X
Yêu cầu:
1. Tìm X.
A job was budgeted to require 5 hours of labor per unit at $12.00 per hour. The job consisted of 8,100 units and was completed in 37,500 hours at a total labor cost of $489,800. What is the direct labor rate variance
Answer:
3,800 unfavorable
Explanation:
A job was budgeted at 5 hours of labour unit at $12 for an hour
The job consists of 8,100 units
It was completed in 37,500 hours
The total labor cost is $489,800
The direct labor rate variance can be calculated as follows
= 5×12×8100
= 486,000
486,000-489,800
= -3,800(since It has a negative sign it is unfavorable)
= 3,800 unfavorable
Sofia bought a couch that required a $60 down payment and $60 per month for the next eight months. Which type of liability does this describe?
a) a long term liability
b) a non liquid liability
c) a consumer liability
d) a current liability
Assuming Sofia bought a couch that required a $60 down payment. This liability describe:d) a current liability.
What is current liability?Current liability can be defined as the amount owe or debt amount a person is expected to pay back within a stipulated period of time.
Since Sonia is expected to pay $60 per month for eight months which means that Sonia has a debt to pay within a year.
Therefore this liability describe:d) a current liability.
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Prepare the December 31 adjusting entries for the following transactions.
a. Fees accrued but not billed, $6,300.
b. The Supplies account balance on December 31, $4,750.
c. Supplies on hand, $960
d. Wages accrued but not paid, $2,700
e. Depreciation of office equipment, $1,650
f. Rent expired during year, $10,800.
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entries are shown below:
a. Account receivable Dr $6,300
To Fees Revenue $6,300
(Being fees accrued is recorded)
b Supplies Expense $3,790 ($4,750 - $960)
To Supplies $3,790
(being supplies expense is recorded)
d. Wages Expense $2,700
To Wages Payable $2,700
(being wages expense is recorded)
e. Depreciation Expense $1,650
To Accumulated Depreciation $1,650
(being depreciation expense is recorded)
f. Rent Expense $10,800
To Prepaid Rent $10,800
(being rent expense is recorded)
A firm has net working capital of $560, net fixed assets of $2,306, sales of $6,700, and current liabilities of $870. How many dollars worth of sales are generated from every $1 in total assets?
a. $1.70.
b. $2.52.
c. $1.63.
d. $1.87.
e. $2.09.
Answer:
1.79
Explanation:
Net working capital is $560
Net fixed assets is $2,306
Sales is $6,700
Liabilities is $870
Therefore the amount of dollar wort sales generated in every $1 can be calculated as follows
= 560+870
= 1,430
6700/1430+2,306
= 6700/3736
= 1.79×1
= 1.79
You're trying to save to buy a new $207,000 Ferrari. You have $57,000 today that can be invested at your bank. The bank pays 6.5 percent annual interest on its accounts. How long will it be before you have enough to buy the car?
Answer:
19.84 years
Explanation:
Number of years = in ( fv / pv) / r
FV = future value
PV = present value
r = interest rate
IN(207000 / 57000) / 0.065
IN (3.631579) / 0.065 = 19.84
At the end of the previous year, a customer owed Days Company $400. On February 1 of the current year, the customer paid $600 total, which included the $400 owed plus $200 owed through February 1st. The journal entry on February 1 is? (Check all that apply.)
Answer:
The relevant journal entry would be:
Date Account Title Debit Credit
February 1 Cash $600
Accounts Receivable $400
Revenue $200
The entire $600 will be debited to cash to show that $600 was received in cash.
$400 will go to Accounts Receivable to cancel out the debt owed by the customer.
Revenue will be credited $200 for the amount owed through February 1st. Revenue is credited when it increases.
Answer: Cash will debited for $600
Accounts receivable will be credited for $400
Service revenue would be credited for $200
Explanation: it’s was the correct answer on the homework
Business Finance 344 Homework You plan to retire in 39 years. You are debating whether to deposit $69,931 into an account earning 9 percent annually today or waiting 14 years before making the deposit. How much more will be in the account when you retire in 39 years if you make the deposit today as opposed to waiting 14 years to make the first deposit
Answer:
If you made the deposits now, you would have $1,412,109.77 more than waiting 14 years.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Initial investment (PV)= $69,931
Interest rate (i)= 9%
Number of periods= 39 or 25
To calculate the future value, we need to use the following formula:
FV= PV*(1 + i)^n
Wait 14 years:
FV= 69,931*(1.09^25)
FV= $603,020.65
Deposit now:
FV= 69,931*(1.09^39)
FV= $2,015,130.42
If you made the deposits now, you would have $1,412,109.77 more than waiting 14 years.
When you compose a message, you want your audience to find the information it needs quickly and to understand what it finds. Your message should be easy to read and to comprehend. Well-designed documents enhance readability and comprehension. Understanding and employing the various design techniques that can be used to improve readability will make your messages more effective.
_______________ define the shape of text characters.
a. Headings
b. Fonts
c. Typefaces
