Answers
Answer:
Coupon rate = 0.08402 or 8.402%
Explanation:
To calculate the price of the bond, we need to first calculate the coupon payment per period. We assume that the interest rate provided is stated in annual terms. As the bond is a semi annual bond, the coupon payment, number of periods and semi annual YTM will be,
Coupon Payment (C) = x
Total periods (n)= 16.5 * 2 = 33
r or YTM = 7.7% * 1/2 = 3.85% or 0.0385
The formula to calculate the price of the bonds today is attached.
Using the bond price formula and the available values, we calculate the coupon rate to be,
1065 = x * [( 1 - (1+0.0385)^-33) / 0.0385] + 1000 / (1+0.0385)^33
1065 = x * (18.50739407) + 287.4653284
1065 - 287.4653284 = x * 18.50739407
777.5346716 / 18.50739407 = x
x = 42.012 rounded off to $42.01
If the semi annual coupon payment is $42.01, the annual coupon payment will be 42.01 * 2 = $84.02
The coupon rate on bonds is = 84.02 / 1000
Coupon rate = 0.08402 or 8.402%
Related Questions
Lance contributed investment property worth $507,500, purchased Five years ago for $312,500 cash, to Cloud Peak LLC in exchange for an 70 percent profits and capital interest in the LLC. Cloud Peak owes $380,000 to its suppliers but has no other debts.
Required information
A. What is Lance’s tax basis in his LLC interest?
B. What is Lance’s holding period in his interest?
C. What is Cloud Peak’s basis in the contributed property?
D. What is Cloud Peak’s holding period in the contributed property?
Answers
Answer:
a. Lance's Tax basis in his LLC interest
= Basis of investment property + Shares in LLC debt
= $312,500 + ($380,000 * 70%)
= $312,500 + $266,000
= $578,500
Therefore, LLC common debt obligation treated as non-recourse debt, lance income allocation ratio is used to allocate a share of LLC debt to him
b. Lance holding period in his interest is 5 years. The holding period of the contributed assets "tacks onto" his partnership interest because Lance contributed a capital asset
c. Cloud Peak's basis in the contributed property is $312,500. Also, the carryover basis would be taken by the LLC in the contributed property
d. Cloud's Peak holding period in the contributed property is 3 years
You consider undertaking the research project. It will increase sales by $100K per year starting next year and its life is 10 years. The maintenance cost is $50K and the depreciation of the equipment is 20K per year. The tax rate is 40% and there are no changes in net operating working capital. What is the annual operating cash flow from the project? A. $10,000 B. $18,000 C. $38,000 D. $30.000
Answers
Answer: C. $38,000
Explanation:
The Operating cashflow for a project will be the net income earned from it less any taxes but including depreciation.
In formula form;
Operating cash flow = EBIT - tax paid + depreciation
Earnings Before Interest and Tax
= Sales - Expenses
= 100,000 - 50,000 - 20,000
= $30,000
Tax paid
= EBT * 40%
= 30,000 * 40%
= $12,000
Operating cash flow = EBIT - tax paid + depreciation
= 30,000 - 12,000 + 20,000
= $38,000
Note; Depreciation is added back because it is a non-cash expense.
Welcome Inc. is a global Internet company that offers country-specific variations of its sites, keeping in mind the linguistic and religious differences between the countries. Welcome Inc. is most likely doing this to:
Answers
Answer:
reduce its cultural distance from the other countries
Explanation:
In this scenario, Welcome Inc. is most likely doing this to reduce its cultural distance from the other countries. Cultural distance refers to the differences in cultural values amongst countries, organizations, and stakeholders. In this case, Welcome Inc is trying to reduce this by making sure that they adjust their products and services to best accommodate these specific cultural differences in each country. In doing so they gain more loyal customers and increase their profits in each country which they do business in.
Abby had a checkbook balance of $1,002.45. She paid $76.98 to the electric company and $254.34 to the water company. What is Abby’s current checkbook balance?
Answers
Answer:
$671.13
Explanation:
Abby had a checkbook balance of $1,002.45
$76.98 was paid to the electric company
$254.34 was paid to the water company
Therefore the current checkbook balance can be calculated as follows
=$1,002.45-($76.98+$254.34)
= $1,002.45-$331.32
= $671.13
Hence Abby's current checkbook balance is $671.13
A process that automatically groups people with similar buying intentions, preferences, and behaviors and predicts future purchases is called _____.
Answers
Answer: collaborative filtering
Explanation:
A process that automatically groups people with similar buying intentions, preferences, and behaviors and predicts future purchases is referred to as collaborative filtering.
Collaborative filtering is a method of making predictions about a user by collecting information from other similar users.
A customer redeems 1,000 shares of ABC Fund on Wednesday, June 14th. Under the provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, the customer must be paid the money no later than:
Answers
Answer:
Wednesday, June 21st
Explanation:
In this scenario, since the customer redeemed the shares on Wednesday, June 14th then he must be paid before Wednesday, June 21st. This is 7 days after the redemption. According to section 22 article (e) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, all companies are prevented from postponing the date of payment for more than seven days as stated below.
(e) No registered investment company shall suspend the right
of redemption, or postpone the date of payment or satisfaction upon
redemption of any redeemable security in accordance with its terms
for more than seven days after the tender of such security to the
company or its agent designated for that purpose for redemption
intext:"A company has net sales of $1,200,000 and average accounts receivable of $400,000. What is its accounts receivable turnover for the period"
Answers
Answer:
i think it would be 4x
Explanation:
im dumb
The firm receives an average of $20,000 in checks per day. The weighted average delay in clearing the checks received is 3 days. Meanwhile, the firm writes an average of $17,000 in checks to pay its suppliers per day. The usual clearing time for the checks the firm wrote is 2 days. The current interest rate is 0.015 percent per day. What is the most the firm should be willing to pay today (in a lump sum today) to eliminate its float entirely? A) 3000 B) 26000 C) 34000 D) 37000 E) 60000
Answers
Answer:
$26000
Explanation:
from the question;
check per day; 20000
delay: 3 days
checks to pay suppliers; 17000
clearing time 2 days
we first calculate collection flaot:
collection flaot = average amount of check x outstanding days
= 20000 x 3
= 60000
now we have to calculate disbursements float:
average amount of check x days to clear
= 17000 x 2
= 34000
with these two values we can get the net float
= collection flaot - disbursements float
= 60000 - 34000
= $26000
The direct labor budget of Yuvwell Corporation for the upcoming fiscal year contains the following details concerning budgeted direct labor-hours:
1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
Budgeted direct labor-hours 11,000 9,700 10,000 10,800
The company uses direct labor-hours as its overhead allocation base. The variable portion of its predetermined manufacturing overhead rate is $5.75 per direct labor-hour and its total fixed manufacturing overhead is $78,000 per quarter. The only noncash item included in fixed manufacturing overhead is depreciation, which is $19,500 per quarter.
Required:
a. Prepare the company’s manufacturing overhead budget for the upcoming fiscal year.
b. Compute the company’s predetermined overhead rate (including both variable and fixed manufacturing overhead) for the upcoming fiscal year.
Answers
Answer:
Manufacturing Overhead Budget
Quarter 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Variable Overheads $63,250 $55,775 $57,500 $62,100
Fixed Overheads $78,000 $78,000 $78,000 $78,000
Total Overheads $141,250 $133,775 $135,500 $140,100
Explanation:
When Preparing the Manufacturing Overhead Budget Note the following :
The Manufacturing Overheads Include Both Fixed and Variable Overheads.Be careful to absorb the Variable overheads cost at the direct labor-hour.Fixed Overheads can Include both cash and non-cash items.Discuss the negative consequences that arise when auditors fail to identify and report going-concern problems.
Answers
Answer:
Consequences arising when auditors fail to identify and report on going-concern problems:
1. The purpose of the audit is defeated.
2. Credibility in the audit process and opinion is eroded.
3. Confidence in the efficiency of market information is shattered.
4. Investors and the general public are misinformed and misled.
5. More governmental oversight and regulations will be required.
6. The auditors involved may have their licenses withdrawn and the audit firm could be closed like Arthur Andersen.
Explanation:
For instance, Company A's auditors are always expected to identify and report on going-concern issues of the company. Failure to identify and report on problems affecting going-concern means that Company A could be at the risk of liquidation and auditors still report it as if it were continuing in business for the next foreseeable future. That means that Company A's assets and liabilities are reported in the Balance Sheet as if the business could continue indefinitely, whereas the assets and liabilities should have been reported on a sale-out basis.
The auditors involved in making the wrong conclusion about Company A will be sued with huge damages and their license may be withdrawn, assuming that Company A is unable to survive the next 12 months after being reported on by the auditors.
Cobe Company has already manufactured 17,000 units of Product A at a cost of $20 per unit. The 17,000 units can be sold at this stage for $410,000. Alternatively, the units can be further processed at a $240,000 total additional cost and be converted into 5, 800 units of Product B and 11, 400 units of Product C. Per unit selling price for Product B is $107 and for Product C is $52.
Prepare an analysis that shows whether the 17,000 units of Product A should be processed further or not.
Sell as is ProcessFurther
Sales
Relevant costs:
Total relevant costs
Income (loss)
Incremental net income (or loss) if processed further
The company should
Answers
Answer:
differential analysis:
No further process Process further Differential
amount
Sales revenue $410,000 $1,213,400 $803,400
Production costs ($340,000) ($580,000) ($240,000)
Operating income $70,000 $633,400 $563,400
The company should process further and sell products B and C because its operating income will increase by $563,400.
Michigan Corporation manufactured inventory in the United States and sold the inventory to customers in Canada. Gross profit from sale of the inventory was $500,000. Title to the inventory passed FOB: Destination. How much of the gross profit is treated as foreign source income for purposes of computing Michigan Corporation’s foreign tax credit in the current year?
Answers
Answer:
50% of gross profit = $250,000
Explanation:
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 changed some aspects of Section 863(b), but aspects regarding US companies producing locally and exporting their production to foreign countries remains the same. US companies can allocate 50% of gross profit as foreign source income, while the other 50% must be allocated as domestic income due to production related activities.
Jack, an employee of Desert Sky, Inc., has gross salary for May of . The entire amount is under the OASDI limit of $118,500 and thus subject to FICA. He is also subject to federal income tax at a rate of %. Which of the following is a part of the journal entry for accrual of the employer payroll taxes? (Assume a FICAOASDI Tax of % and FICAMedicare Tax of %.) Jack's income to date exceeds the FUTA and SUTA tax income limits
Answers
Answer:
Credit to Cash for $4,995 is correct
Explanation:
here is a complete question
has a gross salary for May of $7,000. The entire amount is under the OASDI limit of $118,500 and thus subject to FICA. He is also subject to federal income tax at a rate of 21%. Which of the following is a part of the journal entry to record the disbursement of his net pay? (Assume a FICA-OASDI Tax of 6.2 % and FICA-Medicare Tax of 1.45%. Round the final answer to the nearest dollar.) A. debit to Cash for $4,995 B. debit to FICA Tax Payable of $4,995 O C. debit to Employee Income Tax Payable of $4,995 D. credit to Cash for $4,995
The computation of the amount that becomes the part for accrual the employer payroll taxes is shown below:
Gross Pay $7,000
Less: Deductions
Federal Income tax $1,470 ($7000 × 21%)
FICA-OASDI tax $434 ($7000 × 6.2%)
FICA-Medicare tax $102 ($7,000 × 1.45%)
Total Deductions 2006
Net pay $4,995
McCall Corporation has a capital structure consisting of 55 percent common equity, 30 percent debt, and 15 percent preferred stock. Any debt issues would have a pre-tax cost of 9.5%. Preferred stock can be issued for a cost of 11.5%. Common equity can be issued, but flotation costs of $4.25 per share of common stock would be paid. McCall common stock is currently selling in the market at $65 per share. McCall recently paid a dividend of $4 per share and company earnings and dividends are expected to grow at an annual rate of 8% indefinitely. McCall has a marginal tax rate of 35% and the firm wants to keep its current capital structure. If the firm needs to raise additional equity, what will be the firm's cost of capital?
Answers
Answer:
WACC = 12.14%
Explanation:
Cost of debt = 9.5% x (1 - 35%) = 6.175%
Cost of preferred stock = 11.5%
Cost of equity (Re) = {D₁ / [P₀(1 - F)]} + g
Re = {($4.25 x 1.08) / [$65 x (1 - $4.25/$65)]} + 8% = ($4.59 / $60.75) + 8% = 15.56%
WACC = (15.55% x 0.55) + (6.175% x 0.30) + (11.5% x 0.15) = 8.56% + 1.85% + 1.73% = 12.14%
As a result of a decrease in the demand for U.S. dollars, there has been depreciation in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to Jamaican dollars. The depreciation in the U.S. dollar has benefitted some groups but harmed others. Indicate which of the groups are winners and which are losers from the standpoint of the depreciation of the U.S. dollar.
A. Todd, an American, going to visit Jamaica for spring break.
B. An investment bank in Jamaica that is interested in purchasing U.S. government bonds.
C. Goodyear, a U.S. based firm, selling car tires in Jamaica.
D. A family from Jamaica visiting relatives in the U.S. E. A firm from Jamaica selling handbags in the U.S.
F. U.S. based Hewlett-Packard, which is purchasing a high tech company in Jamaica.
Answers
Answer;
A. Todd, an American, going to visit Jamaica for spring break. - Loser
The US dollar depreciating means that it now takes more US dollars to buy Jamaican dollars. Todd will afford less Jamaican dollars when he goes to Jamaica.
B. An investment bank in Jamaica that is interested in purchasing U.S. government bonds. - Winner
The Investment bank will see that their domestic currency is stronger than it was therefore they can buy more US dollars. As a result it will be cheaper for the Investment bank to buy U.S. Government bonds.
C. Goodyear, a U.S. based firm, selling car tires in Jamaica. - Winners.
Goodyear will be winners because when they sell their tires in Jamaican dollars and then convert it to USD, they will.get more dollars from the transaction than before.
D. A family from Jamaica visiting relatives in the U.S. - Winners
As the Jamaican family will be able to buy more US dollars than before, they are winners.
E. A firm from Jamaica selling handbags in the U.S. - Losers.
As the firm sells in the US, they sell in US dollars. When they try to convert their sales to Jamaican dollars, they will get less than before.
F. U.S. based Hewlett-Packard, which is purchasing a high tech company in Jamaica. - Losers.
The depreciation of the US dollar means than HP will have to spend more dollars purchasing the company than before because the purchase price of the company will be stated in Jamaican dollars.
Rahman stock just paid a dividend of $3.00 per share. Future dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 6% per year. What is the value of the stock if the required return is 12%
Answers
Answer:value of stock for the required return of 12 % = $53
Explanation:
Given
current dividend just paid = $3.00
dividend to grow at constant rate of 6%
required rate of return =12%
to calculate the value of stock for the requitred return of 12 % , we use the dividend growth model which is
Current price = dividend ( 1 + growth rate )/ (required rate -growth rate )
= 3 x (1+6%) / 12-6 = 3 x 1.06 /6% =3.18/0.06= $53
Therefore value of stock for the requitred return of 12 % ,= $53
In 2019, Tim sells Section 1245 property for $28,000 that he had purchased in 2009. Tim has claimed $5,000 in depreciation on the property and originally purchased it for $15,000. How much of the gain is taxable as ordinary income?
Answers
Answer:
The taxable amount at an ordinary rate = $5000
Explanation:
The selling price of a property in 2019 is = $28000
The depreciation on the property = $5000
Original purchased price of property = $15000
Adjusted tax = an orginal price – depreciation
Adjusted tax = 15000 – 5000 = $10000
Gain = selling price – adjusted tax
Gain = 28000 – 10000 = $18000
The part of gain ($18000) that is taxable as ordinary rate = $5000
Here, $13000 will be taxed as section 1231 as a gained tax at capital gain rate.
The failure to record a purchase of mer chandise on account even though the goods are properly included in the physical inven tory results in
Answers
Answer: D. an understatement of expenses and an overstatement of owners' equity
Explanation:
If a purchase of merchandise was not recorded, it would mean that Purchases being an expense that contributes to the Cost of Goods sold would be understated.
This understatement would mean that the the Net income is overstated because the purchase expenses were never deducted from it. Net Income is part of owners' equity so if it is overstated, so is owners' equity .
A broker is charged with discrimination. The Federal fair housing investigator notices that the Fair Housing Poster is not displayed in the broker's office. The investigator may
Answers
Answer:
charge the broker with discrimination with no further evidence
Explanation:
It is mandatory for a broker who markets dwelling for rent or sale to display fair housing poster in his or her office or at any dwelling meant for rent or sale. This is according to the Department of Housing and Urban development (HUD) that brokers who market dwelling should display such where they can be easily seen by persons who need the service of the broker to list or locate a dwelling or purchase same in a residential area.
The fair housing poster gives assurance to intending clients that the broker do not engage in any unlawful discriminatory services he offers. However, where a broker fails to paste the fair housing poster, he will not be subjected to any penalty but may be charged with discrimination by the federal fair housing investigator.
A coworker of Connor's recommends that she maximize the shelf space devoted to those drinks with the highest contribution margin per case. Do you agree with this recommendation? Explain briefly.
Answers
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Ultimately I agree with the recommendation that has been given by Connor's coworker. By maximizing the shelf space specifically devoted to these drinks it will cause two things to happen. First, customers will mostly notice those drinks which will entice them to buy those drinks instead of the ones they cannot see. The second is that since customers are buying more of these drinks, the increase in sales will also increase profits, but since these items contribution margins are significantly higher than the others, it will cause profits to drastically increase.
The percent change in nominal gross domestic product (GDP) minus the percent change in price level equals
Answers
Answer:
Real GDP
Explanation:
Nominal GDP less percent change in price levels equals to real GDP
Nominal GDP is GDP calculated using current year prices
Real GDP is GDP using base year prices. it has been adjusted for inflation.
Gross domestic product is the total sum of final goods and services produced in an economy within a given period which is usually a year
On January 1, Year 1, St. Clair Corporation issues 7%, 11-year bonds with a face amount of $90,000 for $83,497. The market interest rate is 8%. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31. Complete the necessary journal entry for the issuance of the bonds by selecting the account names from the drop-down menus and entering the associated dollar amounts.
Answers
Answer:
Cash $83,497 (debit)
Investment in Bonds $83,497 (credit)
Explanation:
On Issuance of Bond, the Bond Issuer must recognize the Assets of Cash at the amount of consideration paid by the Bond Holder (Investor).
Also, the Financial Liability : Investment in Bonds must also be recognized by the Issuer at the same amount that the cash has been recognized at.
A project requires an initial investment of $10 million today. If the cost of capital exceeds the project IRR, then the project must have a(n):
Answers
Answer:
Negative NPV.
Explanation:
present value of cost exceeds present value of revenue that is been assumed in the investment plan of the said company/firm.
Net Present Value describes one of the discounted techniques of cash flow used in capital budget to determining the viability of a project or an investment. It is seen to have a huge difference between the present flow of the firms; which is cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time. Experts has tagged its primary advantage to be that it is seen to considers the concept of the time value of money.
You are feeling overwhelmed by the number of potential goals you could set for your business unit. You ask your colleague Dan for advice on the process he uses to set goals. Which of the following suggestions from Dan is wrong? He suggests that you
Answers
Answer:
prioritize goals according to their value to the organization
Explanation:
Goal setting is an action plan that is set to motivate someone towards achieving a goal. Individuals, organizations set goals as part of their personal development plans hence must be Specific, Measurable, Action oriented, Realistic and Timely(SMART).
With regards to the above scenario, prioritizing goals according to their value to the organization is wrong. While it is important to prioritize goals, such must however be made to align with the business's strategic objectives.
It is also important to stick to goals already set instead of constantly changing them. Sometimes too, customers put pressure on business owners to consider certain goals which might be beneficial; such should also be looked into after considering their pros and cons.
You bought one of Great White Shark Repellant Co.’s 6.6 percent coupon bonds one year ago for $1,056. These bonds make annual payments and mature 11 years from now. Suppose you decide to sell your bonds today, when the required return on the bonds is 4.5 percent. The bonds have a par value of $1,000. If the inflation rate was 3.2 percent over the past year, what was your total real return on investment? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answers
Answer:
14.25%
Explanation:
For computing the total real return first we have to find out the present value and the required return which is shown below:
Given that,
Future value = $1,000
Rate of interest = 4.5%
NPER = 11 years
PMT = $1,000 × 6.6% = $66
The formula is shown below:
= -PV(Rate;NPER;PMT;FV;type)
So, after applying the above formula the present value is $1,179.11
Now the required return is
= ($1,179.11 + $66) ÷ ($1,056) -1
= 17.91%
And finally,
total real return
= ($1.1791 ÷ 1.032) - 1
= 14.25%
The required investment cost of a new, large shopping center is $49 million. The salvage value of the project is estimated to be $20 million (the value of the land). The project's life is 15 years and the annual operating expenses are estimated to be $14 million. The MARR for such projects is 15% per year. What must the minimum annual revenue be to make the shopping center a worthwhile venture?
Answers
Answer:
The minimum annual revenue is 22.38 million.
Explanation:
Let the minimum annual revenue = X
Therefore,
The present value of cash inflows = Present value of cash outflows
X (P/A,15%,15) + 20 (P/F,15%,15)= 49*1 + 14(P/A,15%,15)
Now look into the annuity table or compound interest factor table and use that values to solve the equation.
X(5.847) + 20 (0.1229) = 49 + 14 (5.847)
X(5.847) = 130.858
X = 130.858 / 5.847
X = 22.38 millions
The minimum annual revenue = 22.38 million.
You are considering purchasing stock in Canyon Echo. You feel the company will increase its dividend at 4.4 percent indefinitely. The company just paid a dividend of $3.29 and you feel that the required return on the stock is 10.6 percent. What is the price per share of the company's stock?
Answers
Answer: $50.83
Explanation:
Based on the information given in the question, the following can be deduced:
r = required return = 10.6% = 0.106
D0 = Dividend = 3.29
g = growth rate = 4.4% = 0.044
The price per share of the company's stock will be:
= D0(1 + g)/(r - g)
= 3.29(1 + 0.044)/(0.106 - 0.044)
= 3.29(1.044)/(0.062)
= 3.15134/0.062
= $50.83
Consider a $1,000-par-value 20-year zero-coupon bond issued at a yield to maturity of 10%. If you buy that bond when it is issued and continue to hold the bond as yields decline to 9%, the imputed interest income for the first year of that bond is
Answers
Answer:
$14.87
Explanation:
Computation the imputed interest income for the first year of the bond
First step
Using this formula
Imputed interest income= Par value/(1+yield to maturity)^Numbers of years
Let plug in the formula
Imputed interest income$1,000/(1.10)^20
Imputed interest income= $1,000/6.72749
Imputed interest income=$148.64
Second step
Imputed interest income=$1,000/(1.10)^19= Imputed interest income=$1,000/6.11590
Imputed interest income=$163.51
Hence,
Imputed interest income=$163.51 - $148.64
Imputed interest income= $14.87
Therefore the imputed interest income for the first year of the bond will be $14.87
Blue Cab Company had 69,000 shares of common stock outstanding on January 1, 2021. On April 1, 2021, the company issued 39,000 shares of common stock. The company had outstanding fully vested incentive stock options for 14,500 shares exercisable at $11 that had not been exercised by its executives. The end-of-year market price of common stock was $32 while the average price for the year was $31. The company reported net income in the amount of $364,915 for 2021. What is the diluted earnings per share (rounded)
Answers
Answer:
$3.38
Explanation:
The diluted earnings per share is calculated as;
First, we need to calculate the weighted average outstanding shares.
Weighted average outstanding share is
= Common shares + (Issued shares × 9/12[April - December] + [(Issued shares - Shares exercisable)
= 69,000 shares + (39,000 shares × 9/12) + ( 14,750* - 5,145*)
= 69,000 + 29,250 + 9,605
= 107,855
Therefore, the diluted earnings per share is;
= Net income / Weighted average outstanding shares
= $364,915 / 107,855
= $3.38
Note : (14,500 shares × 11) / 31
= 5,145
Which of the following dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation is described as a forward-looking perspective characteristic of a marketplace leader that has the foresight to seize opportunities?
A) proactiveness
B) risk taking
C) autonomy
D) competitive aggressiveness
Answers
Answer:
A) Proactiveness.
Explanation:
This explained to be a conceptual development in entrepreneurial orientation that enacts a degree of anticipation in product and also increase a productivity in the entrepreneurial sphere. Some undiluted descriptions shows it to be the introduction of results based on its qualitative study, which is been aimed at the characterizing of the proactiveness in entrepreneurial software firms. Experienced researched organizations has shown that the one which are related to environment monitoring and opportunities quest been highlighted are also core part of proactiveness.
