Many reactions involve a change in hybridization of one or more atoms in the starting material. In this reaction, determine the hybridization of the indicated atoms in the organic starting material, and determine if they have changed hybridization during the reaction.

Answer:

Methane is present in solid, liquid and gaseous form.

Explanation:

Methane hydrate is present in solid state when the hydrogen-bonded water and methane gas come into contact at high pressures and low temperatures in the deep oceans while on the other hand, methane which is present inside the earth surface in gaseous form due to non-availability of water that can combine with methane. Methane is also found in liquid form when it is cool with high pressure and low temperature.

Answer:

Explanation:

Target organ toxins are chemicals that can cause adverse effects or disease states manifested in specific organs of the body. Toxins do not affect all organs in the body to the same extent due to their different cell structures.

Answer:

An unknown compound's 2,4-DNP product melting range is between 144-146'C. It does not give a silver mirror on the Tollens test and is slow to react to the chromic acid test. What would this compound be

Explanation:

From the given data it is clear that the unknown compound gives positive test with 2,4-DNP reagent.

That means it has a carbonyl group.Either aldehyde or ketone.

It does not give a silver mirror on the Tollens test and is slow to react to the chromic acid test.

That means aldehyde is absent.

So, the other carbonyl group that is ketone is present in the given unknown compound.

Answer:

don't knoe sorry

Explanation:

Answer:

That is a " ball and stick " model which represents carbon compounds.

Explanation:

This is the answer. Hope it helps you find what you're looking for.

Answer:

Density and rigidity

Answer:

72.96 of water produce by 45.4 L of oxygen at STP.

Explanation:

[tex]H_2+\frac{1}{2}O_2\rightarrow H_2O[/tex]

1 mole of oxygen=22.4 L at STP

[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]\mole of oxygen=22.4/2=11.2 L

11.2 L of oxygen required to produce water=1 mole

1 L of oxygen required to produce water=1/11.2 mole

45.4 L of oxygen required to produce water=[tex]\frac{1}{11.2}\times 45.4[/tex]

45.4 L of oxygen required to produce water=[tex]\frac{45.4}{11.2}[/tex]moles

1 mole of water=18 g

[tex]\frac{45.4}{11.2}[/tex]moles of water=[tex]18\times \frac{45.4}{11.2}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{45.4}{11.2}[/tex]moles of water=72.96 g

Hence, 72.96 of water produce by 45.4 L of oxygen at STP.

Answer:

The full amount (5.00 g) will be dissolved in 1 L of water at 25°C.

Explanation:

The molecular weight (MW) of Vanillin (C₈H₈O₃) is calculated from the chemical formula as follows:

MW(C₈H₈O₃) = (12 g/mol x 8) + (1 g/mol x 8) + (16 g/mol x 3) = 152 g/mol

If 0.070 mol of C₈H₈O₃ are soluble per liter of water at 25°C, the maximum mass that can be dissolved in 1 L is:

0.070 mol x 152 g/mol = 10.64 g

Since 5.00 g is lesser than the maximum amount that can be dissolved (10.64 g), the added amount will be completely dissolved in 1 L of water at 25°C.

Answer:

2AgNO3 + BaCl2 ------> 2AgCl + Ba(NO3) 2.

Explanation:

The precipitate of silver chloride and barium nitrate are formed when barium chloride reacts with silver nitrate. The balanced chemical equation for barium chloride and silver nitrate is  2AgNO3 + BaCl2 ------> 2AgCl + Ba(NO3) 2. In this reaction, two molecules of silver nitrate react with one molecule of  barium chloride forming two molecules of  silver chloride and one molecule of barium nitrate.

Answer:

The solution is 0.450 M. How many mL are needed?

- 0.667 mL

Explanation:

Answer:

pH = 12.66

Explanation:

The HIO3 reacts with NaOH as follows:

HIO3 + NaOH → H2O + NaIO3

The moles of HIO3 and NaOH added are:

Moles HIO3:

0.0100L * (0.100mol / L) = 0.00100 moles HIO3

Moles NaOH:

0.05000L * (0.100mol / L) = 0.00500 moles NaOH

As moles NaOH > Moles HIO3, the moles of NaOH that remain are:

0.00500mol - 0.00100mol = 0.00400 moles NaOH.

After the reaction you will have only NaOH and NaIO3. As NaIO3 is a salt, the pH of the solution is determined by only NaOH. Its concentration is:

Moles NaOH: 0.00500 moles NaOH

Volume: 50.0mL + 50.0mL + 10.0mL = 110.0mL = 0.110L

Molarity: 0.0455M NaOH = [OH-]

pOH = -log [OH-] = 1.34

pH = 14 - pOH

pH is the measure of the hydrogen or the hydronium ion in an aqueous solution. The pH of the mixture containing sodium hydroxide is 12.66.

pH is the potential of the hydrogen and is given as a negative log of the hydrogen concentration in the aqueous solution.

The balanced chemical reaction can be shown as:

[tex]\rm HIO_{3} + NaOH \rightarrow H_{2}O + NaIO_{3}[/tex]

Moles of iodic acid are calculated as:

[tex]\begin{aligned} \rm moles &= \rm molarity \times volume\\\\&= 0.100 \;\rm M \times 0.0100 \;\rm L \\\\&= 0.00100\;\rm moles\end{aligned}[/tex]

Moles of sodium hydroxide are calculated as:

[tex]\begin{aligned} \rm moles &= \rm molarity \times volume\\\\&= 0.100 \;\rm M \times 0.05000 \;\rm L \\\\&= 0.00500\;\rm moles\end{aligned}[/tex]

The remaining moles of sodium hydroxide are 0.00500mol - 0.00100mol = 0.00400 moles.

The pH of the mixture will be determined by sodium hydroxide, as sodium iodate is a salt.

The molar concentration of sodium hydroxide is calculated as:

[tex]\begin{aligned} \rm M &= \rm \dfrac{moles}{volume}\\\\&= \dfrac{0.00500}{0.110}\\\\&= 0.0455 \;\rm M\end{aligned}[/tex]

pH is calculated as:

[tex]\begin{aligned} \rm pOH &= \rm -log[OH^{-}] = 1.34\\\\\rm pH &= \rm 14 - pOH\\\\\rm pH &= 12.66\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, 12.66 is the pH of the mixture.

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Ionic bonds are the strongest type of chemical bond and, therefore, most compounds remain solid with very high melting points

The statement best describes the strength of ionic and covalent bonds is that ionic bond is the strongest bond and has very high melting point.

A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms or ions that enables the formation of molecules, crystals, and other structures. The bond may result from the electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds, or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds.

Types of Chemical Bonds includes-

Ionic Bonds.

Covalent Bonds.

Hydrogen Bonds.

Polar Bonds.

Generally, ionic bonds are much stronger than covalent bonds. In ionic bonds, there is complete transfer of electrons between elements to form a stable compound. While in covalent bond, there is only sharing of electrons between two elements to form a stable compound.

Therefore, The statement best describes the strength of ionic and covalent bonds is that ionic bond is the strongest bond and has very high melting point.

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The question is incomplete, the common question is;

What intermolecular attractive force is primarily responsible for the solubility of chlorine, Cl2, in water?

a. dipole - dipole

b. hydrogen bonding

c. dipole-induced dipole

d. ion-dipole

e. ion-induced dipole

Answer:

dipole-induced dipole

Explanation:

We have to remember that water is a polar molecule hence it possesses a dipole moment. Its dipole moment is responsible for the ability of water to dissolve many substances.

On the other hand, Cl2 is a nonpolar molecule bound together by only weak dispersion forces.

Recall that dispersion forces involve transient appearance of a dipole in a molecule.

Water molecules can induce a dipole in Cl2 thereby causing the both molecules to interact and Cl2 dissolves in water.

Answer: The molarity of each of the given solutions is:

(a) 1.38 M

(b) 0.94 M

(c) 1.182 M

Explanation:

Molarity is the number of moles of a substance present in liter of a solution.

And, moles is the mass of a substance divided by its molar mass.

(a) Moles of ethanol (molar mass = 46 g/mol) is as follows.

[tex]Moles = \frac{mass}{molar mass}\\= \frac{28.5 g}{46 g/mol}\\= 0.619 mol[/tex]

Now, molarity of ethanol solution is as follows.

[tex]Molarity = \frac{moles}{Volume (in L)}\\= \frac{0.619 mol}{4.50 \times 10^{2} \times 10^{-3}L}\\= 1.38 M[/tex]

(b) Moles of sucrose (molar mass = 342.3 g/mol) is as follows.

[tex]Moles = \frac{mass}{molar mass}\\= \frac{21.6 g}{342.3 g/mol}\\= 0.063 mol[/tex]

Now, molarity of sucrose solution is as follows.

[tex]Molarity = \frac{moles}{Volume (in L)}\\= \frac{0.063 mol}{0.067 L} (1 mL = 0.001 L)\\= 0.94 M[/tex]

(c) Moles of sodium chloride (molar mass = 58.44 g/mol) are as follows.

[tex]Moles = \frac{mass}{molar mass}\\= \frac{6.65 g}{58.44 g/mol}\\= 0.114 mol[/tex]

Now, molarity of sodium chloride solution is as follows.

[tex]Molarity = \frac{moles}{Volume (in L)}\\= \frac{0.114 mol}{0.0962 L}\\= 1.182 M[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that the molarity of each of the given solutions is:

(a) 1.38 M

(b) 0.94 M

(c) 1.182 M

Answer:

By how many times would you expect Al2(SO4)3 to depress the F.P of water compared to sucrose C12H22011 ?.

Explanation:

The freezing point of a pure solvent decreases further by adding a nonvolatile solute.

This is called depression in freezing point.

When an ionic solute is dissolved then the depression in the freezing point is proportional to the number of ions present in the solution.

In aluminum sulfate, there are five ions formed as shown below:

[tex]Al_2(SO_4)_3(aq)->2Al^3^+(aq)+3SO_4^2^-(aq)[/tex]

But sucrose is a covalent compound and it does not undergo dissociation.

Hence, aluminum sulfate decreases the freezing point of water by five times compared to sucrose.

Explanation:

As the gas expands on the surrounding, work is done by the system.

Therefore, W= -279J

Absorbtion of heat,q= +216J

∆U=q+W = (216-279)J= -63J

Answer:

0.64 m

Explanation:

Given that;

1L = 0.001 cubic metre

Then;

263 L = 263 L × 0.001 cubic metre/1L

= 0.263 cubic metre

Volume of a cube = l^3

l= 3√V

l= 3√0.263 cubic metre

l= 0.64 m

Answer:

hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, ammonia

Explanation:

Air is a mixture of gases. When we say "clean" air here, we are referring to air that does not contain pollutant gases.

Some components of air such as water vapour, methane, CO2, and N2O are greenhouse gases. They are known to contribute towards global warming.

Some gases such as SO2 and NO2 contribute towards acid rain. The oxides of nitrogen are particularly involved in the formation of photochemical smog.

The halogens are known to lead to the depletion of the ozone layer and radon is a radioactive gas.

Hence, hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, ammonia have no negative environmental impact hence they are found in clean air.

Answer:

this answer is for first one

Explanation:

A higher evalations, where the atmospheric pressure is much lower, the boiling point increase with increased pressure up to the critical point where the gas and liquid properties become identical

Answer:

c. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the process for the one-step oxidation of a primary alcohol with a moderately strong oxidizing agent like pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), whereby an aldehyde is produced, we infer that the corresponding product will be 2-methylbutanal, which matches with the choice c. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO according to the following reaction:

[tex]CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2OH\rightarrow CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)COH[/tex]

Regards!

Answer:

In the case of mixtures of ethanol and water, this minimum occurs with 95.6% by mass of ethanol in the mixture. The boiling point of this mixture is 78.2°C, compared with the boiling point of pure ethanol at 78.5°C, and water at 100°C. You might think that this 0.3°C doesn't matter much, but it has huge implications for the separation of ethanol / water mixtures. The next diagram shows the boiling point / composition curve for ethanol / water mixtures. I've also included on the same diagram a vapor composition curve in exactly the same way as we looked at on the previous pages about phase diagrams for ideal mixtures.

Answer:

Molecules of O₂F₂ = mass of O₂F₂ × (1 mole O₂F₂ / 70 g O₂F₂) × (6.02 × 10²³ molecules / one mole of O₂F₂)

Explanation:

The Avogadros constant gives the the number of specified entities in one mole of a substance. One mole of any substance contains 6.02 × 10²³ particles. Therefore, one mole of O₂F₂ contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules.

Also, the molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of one mole of that substance. It is obtained by summing the relative atomic masses of all the atoms of the elements in the substance. For O₂F₂, the molar mass = (2 × 16 + 2 × 19) g/mol = 70 g/mol

Converting to molecules of O₂F₂;

To convert from grams of a substance to molecules of that substance, multiply by the ratio of one mole and mass of one mole, and then by the number of molecules per mole.

Molecules of A = mass of A × (1 mole / mass of one mole) × (6.02 × 10²³ molecules / 1 mole)

Therefore,Molecules of O₂F₂ = mass of O₂F₂ × (1 mole O₂F₂ / 70 g O₂F₂) × (6.02 × 10²³ molecules /one mole of O₂F₂)

Answer:

Electrolytic cell. Salt bridge.

Explanation:

Match the following terms to their correct definitions.

Answer:

A. an acid

B. a base

C. conjugate base

D. conjugate acid

Explanation:

This question appears incomplete because it is starting with a "or".

However, the available question can still be answered.

An acid (according to "Bronsted-Lowry") is a chemical compound/specie that can donate hydrogen ion(s) in a reaction while a base is the compound/specie that can receive hydrogen ion(s). From this definition, it can be deduced that CH₃COOH (ethanoic acid) is an acid (weak acid) because it can donate an hydrogen ion while CH₃COO⁻ is a base because it can receive a hydrogen ion.

Also, a conjugate acid is the compound formed when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion to a base (i.e it is a base with hydrogen ion attached to it) while a conjugate base is the acid that has lost it's hydrogen ion. Thus, the conjugate acid in the question is CH₃OH while the conjugate base in the question is CH₃O⁻.

A. an acid

B. a base

C. conjugate base

D. conjugate acid

Answer:

0.796 M

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Gravimetric concentration (Cg): 4.78 g%g

Density of the solution (ρ): 1.00 g/mL

Step 2: Calculate the volumetric concentration of the solution (Cv)

We will use the following expression.

Cv = Cg × ρ

Cv = 4.78 g%g × 1.00 g/mL = 4.78 g%mL

Step 3: Calculate the molarity of the solution (M)

The volumetric concentration is 4.78 g%mL, that is, there are 4.78 g of acetic acid per 100 mL of solution. We can calculate the molarity using the following expression.

M = mass solute / molar mass solute × liters of solution

M = 4.78 g / 60.05 g/mol × 0.1 L = 0.796 M

Answer:

The answer is in the explanation.

Explanation:

A solution is defined as the homogeneous mixture of a solute (In this case, NaCl) and the solvent (water).

To prepare 1L of the solution, the student can weigh the 3g of NaCl in the volumetric flask but need to add slowly water to dissolve the NaCl (That is very soluble in water). When all NaCl is dissolved the student must transfer the solution to the 1L volumetric flask. Then, you must add more water to the beaker until "Clean" all the solute of the beaker to transfer it completely to the volumetric flask.

Answer is 9

pKb=−logK

b=−log10^-5=5

pOH=pKb+log[acid]*[salt]

Substitute values in the above expression.

pOH=5+log0.1*0.1=5

Hence, the pH of the solution is pH=14−pOH=14−5=9

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Answer:

"Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries."

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

1mol of [tex]O_2=2*16{gr\over{mol}}=32{gr\over{mol}}\\\\15.7gr->15.7gr*{1\over{32{gr\over{mol}}}}=0.491mol~of~O_2[/tex]

as 1mol of molecular oxigen reacts with 4 mol of aluminium

1 mol of O2         -----------------------------> 4 mol of Al

0.491 mol of O2  ------------------------------>     x

[tex]x={0.491*4\over{1}}~mol~of~Al=1.9625~mol~of~Al[/tex]