Answer:
b. Italy
Explanation:
Even though this % doesn't apply to all corporations, it is still a very small number of shareholders that control corporations (and their board) on average. We can compare this situation to the American normality, where any shareholder that owns 5% or more of a large corporation is considered a major shareholder and must report himself/herself to the SEC as such.
In the US, many of the corporations would be considered closed corporations. The smaller the number of shareholders with large decision power, the less small shareholders can do.
"An individual who is 25 years from retirement has $500,000 to invest today. He is risk tolerant and is looking to withdraw $80,000 per year once he retires. Which asset allocation is BEST for this client?"
The available options are:
A. 25% Stocks / 25% Bonds / 25% REITs / 25% Money Markets
B. 50% Stocks / 40% Bonds/ 10% Cash
C. 100% Bonds
D. 100% Stocks
Answer:
B. 50% Stocks / 40% Bonds/ 10% Cash
Explanation:
Since the age of the customer is not given in the question, however, given he or she is 25 years from retirement, it is logical to assume that the customer is about 40-50 years old in age. According to the rule of thumb that "100% minus the customer's age" should be allocated to stocks for growth, hence, a stock allocation of 40-50% is about right.
Hence, in this case, the right answer is Option B: 50% Stocks / 40% Bonds/ 10% Cash
In the course of selling a home to a buyer, a broker told the buyer that the home's foundation was "solid as a rock", when he knew for a fact that it was slowly sinking into the landfill on which it was built. In this situation, the broker's conduct would be BEST defined as a
Answer:
willful misrepresentation
Explanation:
Willful misrepresentation is an intentional act or misrepresentation of facts with an intent to deceive. It is an intentional action taken by one party, which constitutes a breach of representation with an intent or act to mislead the other party to whom such representation was made.
The above scenario is an example of wilful misrepresentation because the broker knew that the foundation of the house was faulty but willfully misrepresented fact by telling the buyer that the home's foundation was 'solid as rock'.
The ______________ of estimating bad debts expense involves a detailed listing of each customer's outstanding account and its length of time past due i Multiple Choice Direct write-off method. Percentage of sales method.
Answer:
Aging of accounts receivable method.
Explanation:
Accounts receivable are the payments owed to a business by its customers. Bad debt occurs when there is uncertainty that an account receivable will be recovered.
The accounts receivable aging method is used to classify debts based on on the length of time past due.
Classifications such as are based on length of time past due and when to time past due is too long it will be considered to be a loss.
Lengths of time used include: 1-30 days past due, 31-60 days past due, 61-90 days past due, 91-120 days past due, and greater than 120 days past due.
Assume the following: (1) the interest rate on 6-month treasury bills is 8 percent per annum in the United Kingdom and 4 percent per annum in the United States; (2) today's spot price of the pound is $1.50 while the 6-month forward price of the pound is $1.485.If the price of the 6-month forward pound were to ____, U.S. investors would no longer earn an extra return by shifting funds to the United Kingdom.a. Rise to $1.52b. Rise to $1.53c. Fall to $1.48d. Fall to $1.47
Answer:
d. Fall to $1.47
Explanation:
currently you will need $1,500 to purchase £1,000 and invest in British bonds. After 65 months you will have £1,040, which you should be able to convert into $1,544.40. If you invested in US bonds, you would have $1,530, so this arbitrage will yield $14.40.
But if instead the British pound fell to $1.47, then your profit would only be $28.80, less than if you invested in US bonds. You again would have £1,040 in 6 months, but that would only be equal to $1,528.80.
The board of directors of DDC omitted dividends in 2016 on their $100 par 6% noncumulative preferred stock. In 2017, a $2 preferred dividend was paid. For DDC, 2018 has been a good year, and the board wishes to pay a common dividend. How much must be paid per share on the preferred for 2018 in order to pay a common dividend
Answer:
$6
Explanation:
Calculation for the amount to be paid per share on the preferred for 2018 in order to pay a common dividend.
Using this formula
Common dividend=Omitted dividend *noncumulative preferred stock
Where,
Omitted dividend =$100
Noncumulative preferred stock=6%
Let plug in the formula
Common dividend =$100*6%
Common dividend =$6
Therefore the amount to be paid per share on the preferred for 2018 in order to pay a common dividend will be $6 per share.
By using bootstrap marketing strategies (unconventional, low-cost, creative techniques) small companies can get as much "bang" for their marketing bucks as their larger rivals.
Answer:
The given statement relates to bootstrap marketing strategies
Explanation:
In simple words, Bootstrap marketing relates to an advertising strategy usually used by entrepreneurs to create a business from the bottom up with little but private money and, luckily, money from the very first sale.
This method is usually used by start ups for capturing initial market share and with the expertise of an angel investor they can really go for high goals.
A swap bank Group of answer choices (A) can act as a broker, bringing together counterparties to a swap. (B) can act as a dealer, standing ready to buy and sell swaps. (C) both (A) and (B). (D) only sometimes (A) but never ever (B).
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
In simple words, A swap bank refers to the entity that serves as just a broker for two counterparties that decide to apply through a rate of interest or exchange swap arrangement and must remain confidential. The swap banking incorporates both parts of the transaction and usually receives a reward price from both underwriters to encourage the swap.
Thus, from the above we can conclude that the correct option is C.
At meetings of the quality team, Juan is nervous about suggesting ideas
because he is not sure he understands why there are quality problems. What
would help Juan use positive workplace behaviors in the meetings?
Answer:
The correct option is;
D. Prepare by studying problems ahead of the meeting and listening carefully
Explanation:
Positive workplace behaviors in the meetings include preparation for the meeting to make the meeting productive for you and the other participants by ensuring;
1) Understanding the purpose of the meeting
2) Find out about the meeting agenda
3) To prepare for meetings
4) Make adequate preparation for the meeting
5) Know other attendees
6) Acquire and send out relevant information
It is important to study the problems ahead of the meeting and listen carefully to avoid being the one to ask others what the meeting was for when you join the meeting
Ensure the purpose for being at the meeting is clear and the meeting agenda is well known as well as what knowledge is expected and what is to be discussed.
Answer:
Prepare by studying problems ahead of the meeting and listening carefully
Explanation:
Correct Inc. is a publicly traded firm with 100 million diluted shares outstanding trading at $37.50 per share. The company has $1 billion of debt outstanding with a cost of debt at 6.5% at a marginal tax rate of 40%. The company has $100 million of cash on its balance sheet. What is the enterprise value of Correct Inc.
Answer:
The enterprise value of Correct Inc is $4,650 M
Explanation:
In this question, we are interested in calculating the enterprise value of Correct Inc
To do this, we use the mathematical formula below;
Enterprise Value = market value capital and debts - cash and investments
Enterprise Value = 100m shares * $37.50 per share + $1000m debts - $100m
= $3750 m + $1000 m - $100 m
= $4650 m
Assume the U.S. government wants to hold the value of the dollar at $1.00 U.S. equals 120 Japanese yen, but it finds that the value of yen is appreciating against the U.S. dollar. What would be an appropriate policy to reverse this trend?
Answer: Buy U.S. dollars.
Explanation:
As the currency market is also controlled by the laws of supply and demand where an increase in demand increases price and a decrease in supply does the same, should the US want to increase the value of the dollar, they should buy more US dollars.
This action would increase the demand for the dollar while reducing the amount of dollars in the market. This will invariably lead to an increase in the price of the dollar all else equal.
Danton, a popular performer, dies. His spouse Caitlin sells their house to Buck. Unknown to Caitlin or Buck, in one of the closets is the master recording of an unreleased album. With respect to this recording, Buck can
Answer:
not keep it because there was no voluntary consent to its sale.
Explanation:
In this situation, Buck can not keep the unreleased album because there was no voluntary consent to its sale. When Danton died, all of his belongings became Caitlin's property. Since she did not know about the album or even that it was in the house when selling the house to Buck, she never agreed to transfer ownership of the album to Buck. Therefore, the album still belongs to Caitlin and Buck must return it.
What type of a service would a CPA perform if a loan that is collateralized by inventory requires a CPA to observe the count of the inventory and trace sampled items to the vendor invoices in order to determine the value of inventory is not misstated
Answer:
An attestation engagement.
Explanation:
An attestation engagement involves hiring a third party called a CPA to give attestation on subject matters or services like examinations, reviews, reports that are created by a client. The attestation engagement is a form of audit. The CPA is responsible for the client. It is of 3 types
1. The examination engagement
2. Review engagement
3. Agreed upon procedures engagement
Suppose that initially the price is $20 in a perfectly competitive market. Firms are making zero economic profits. Then the market demand shrinks permanently, some firms leave the industry, and the industry returns to a long-run equilibrium. What will be the new equilibrium price, assuming cost conditions in the industry remain constant
Answer:
$20
Explanation:
A perfect competition is characterised by many buyers and sellers of homogeneous goods and services. Market prices are set by the forces of demand and supply. There are no barriers to entry or exit of firms into the industry.
In the long run, firms earn zero economic profit. If in the short run firms are earning economic profit, in the long run firms would enter into the industry. This would drive economic profit to zero.
Also, if in the short run, firms are earning economic loss, in the long run, firms would exit the industry until economic profit falls to zero.
demand falls and so does supply. therefore price would remain unchanged in the long run equilibrium.
Kate's Diner offers one breakfast item, a breakfast special. The market price for this meal is $5. At her profit-maximizing level of output, Kate's average variable cost is $4 per meal. Her average total cost is $6 per meal. Since the market is perfectly competitive, Kate should ________.
Answer:
keep producing in the short run but exit the industry or go out of business in the long run
Explanation:
A perfect competition is characterised by many buyers and sellers of homogeneous goods and services. Market prices are set by the forces of demand and supply. There are no barriers to entry or exit of firms into the industry.
In the long run, firms earn zero economic profit. If in the short run firms are earning economic profit, in the long run firms would enter into the industry. This would drive economic profit to zero.
Also, if in the short run, firms are earning economic loss, in the long run, firms would exit the industry until economic profit falls to zero.
A firm should shut down in the short run if price is less than average variable cost. But since the diner's price is greater than average variable cost, it should continue production.
A firm should exit the industry in the long run if price is less than average total cost. the diner's price is less than average total cost, so it should shut down in the long run
Eight years ago you purchased an asset for $100,000 that has yielded a nominal capital gain of $30,000. If you sold the asset today, your inflation-adjusted capital gains would be zero due to inflation over the last eight years. The capital gains tax is 28 percent. If you sold the asset today your tax liability would be
Answer: $8,400
Explanation:
Tax liability for a year is computed on the nominal capital gain as of that year not the inflation-adjusted gain. As such, should the asset be sold today, the capital gains tax of 28% will be computed on the capital gain of $30,000 in the following manner;
= 28% * 30,000
= $8,400
Bank laying down norms for bank is : SBI, RIB, RBI or RBG
Answer:
The answer is "RBI"
Explanation:
The RBI was formed in 1935, to comply only with RBI Act, it is also known as the central bank of India, throughout order to generate financial security in India, it implements fiscal policy, as well as regulates its exchange rates and higher compensation of the whole nation.
Its primary goal will also consist of monitoring India's separate bank operations in the money markets. Its primary focus also is on the publisher of new bills. It has been developed to be the bank of a bank manager as well as the state bank.
Ashley, who makes knitted caps, determines that her marginal cost of producing one more knitted cap is equal to $10. A consumer offers her $12 if she sells one more knitted cap to her. Ashley will:
Payment for subscriptions is billed one month in advance. First month's payments are pro-rated for the amount due up until the 15th of the month plus the next month's bill amount. All monthly payments are due by the 15th of each month. Payments received after the 20th of the month will result in a late fee of $20.00. The late fee may be waived one time per year.
Answer: c. The subscription began about 10 days before the 15th of the month.
Explanation:
With the first month's payments being pro-rated for the amount due up until the 15th of the month plus the next month's bill amount payments, the likely possibility is that the customer started their first subscription 10 days before the 15th of the first month.
This would then mean that they were charged the daily rate for each of those 10 days which amounted to $15. The daily rate can be calculated by dividing $45 by 30 days because $45 is the rate for the month according to the question.
= 45/30
= $1.5 a day.
A salesperson at Plumbers Warehouse searches public records of new building permits to identify potential customers for new bathrooms. This salesperson is relying on ____ to identify sales prospects.
Complete Question:
A salesperson at Plumbers Warehouse searches public records of new building permits to identify potential customers for new bathrooms. This salesperson is relying on ____ to identify sales prospects.
Group of answer choices
A) personal referrals
B) marketer-initiated contacts
C) impersonal referrals
D) customer-initiated contacts
Answer:
C) impersonal referrals.
Explanation:
In this scenario, a salesperson at Plumbers Warehouse searches public records of new building permits to identify potential customers for new bathrooms. This salesperson is relying on impersonal referrals to identify sales prospects.
An impersonal referrals can be defined as the process of acquiring informations about a potential customer from personal sources, public records etc. It is one of the common techniques used in prospecting, which typically involves the continual process of systematically looking or sourcing for new customers.
In a Cournot market with two firms, the inverse market demand curve is P = 20 – 0.5Q, where Q = q1 + q2. (Firm 1's output = q1; Firm 2's output = q2.) If Firm 2 produces 20 units of output, Firm 1's residual marginal revenue curve is depicted in:
Answer:
MR = 10 – 1q1.
Explanation:
Demand function, P = 20 – 0.5Q
Q = q1 + q2
Now insert Q in the P = 20 – 0.5Q.
P = 20 – 0.5 (q1 + q2)
We have the value of q2 = 20.
P = 20 – 0.5 (q1 + q2)
P = 20 – 0.5 (q1 + 20)
P = 20 – 0.5q1 – 10
P = 10 – 0.5q1
Total revenue of firm 1, TR = Pq1
TR = 10q1 – (0.5q1)^2
Now MR is the differentiation of TR. So the MR after differentiation if TR of firm 1 is:
MR = 10 – 1q1
The discount rate assigned to an individual project should be based on: Group of answer choices the firm's weighted average cost of capital. the actual sources of funding used for the project. the current risk level of the overall firm. the actual sources of funding used for the project. the estimated riskiness associated with the individual project.
Answer:
none of the choices are correct
Explanation:
When the discount rate assigned for an individual project then it should be based on the risk i.e attached to the fund use needed by the project
There were various cases when a risky firm invested in a less risky project also if the same cost of capital is used so the firm could alter the decision of an investment in a negative manner
Therefore none of the choices are correct
A company has a selling price of $2,150 each for its printers. Each printer has a 2 year warranty that covers replacement of defective parts. It is estimated that 3% of all printers sold will be returned under the warranty at an average cost of $157 each. During November, the company sold 37,000 printers, and 470 printers were serviced under the warranty at a total cost of $62,000. The balance in the Estimated Warranty Liability account at November 1 was $32,500. What is the company's warranty expense for the month of November
Answer:
$174,270
Explanation:
The computation of the warranty expense for November is shown below:
= Number of printed sold × estimated percentage × average cost
= 37,000 printers × 3% × $157
= 1,110 printers ×$157
= $174,270
We simply applied the above formula so that the company warranty expense for November month could come and the same is to be considered
At Groovy Rags, a trendy retail store, manager Eon Forcer doesn't waste any time thinking about whether the employees on his shift get their breaks at a reasonable time. In fact, he claims he is hard pressed to determine which one has "worked hard enough" to even deserve a break. Earlier today, Eon remarked, "I've never met one that likes this job! They're only biding their time and here for the money." Eon's managerial style would be classified as _______.
Answer:
Theory X.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Groovy Rags, a trendy retail store, manager Eon Forcer doesn't waste any time thinking about whether the employees on his shift get their breaks at a reasonable time. In fact, he claims he is hard pressed to determine which one has "worked hard enough" to even deserve a break. Earlier today, Eon remarked, "I've never met one that likes this job! They're only biding their time and here for the money." Eon's managerial style would be classified as Theory X.
Douglas McGregor developed the theory x and y in the 1950s while working at the MIT Sloan school of management.
Theory X suggests that employees working in a particular organization dislike work, possess minimal ambition, and are generally not willing to take up responsibility.
Hence, with the Theory X it is very important and essential that these employees be supervised and rewarded externally with prizes and punishment should be used when they err.
what can you tell me about google's product cycle pricing strategies ?
Answer:
The value-based pricing strategy determines prices based on customers' perceived value of the product. In Google's marketing mix, the value-based pricing strategy is used for its AdWords online advertising service, where advertisers could place bids based on their perceptions of the importance of these advertisements.This method establishes pricing depending on the preferences of clients.
Explanation:
The value-based pricing method bases charges on the financial importance of the product by customers.
Learn more:
https://brainly.com/question/19987911?referrer=searchResults
Describe the role of securities markets and of investment bankers: what role do investment bankers playing securities markets
Answer
Explanation:
investment bankers specialize in the provision of new securities and they
provide helps to those that want their security liquified.
However, investment bankers are known with their role of provision of money at capital market to their customers such as companies or government set up through issuing of money or equity for security market.
Susan is a new management trainee at Barney's Bats, Inc. She has just graduated with her bachelor's degree in management and is anxious to use her education. She has been at work several days and has some questions about how the organization is managed and how the principles of organization structure are used in the company. She believes there is too much specialization and that the span of control in the company is not optimal. Susan is looking for a long-term career with this company. Where can she look to view possible career paths with this company?
Answer: The organization chart
Explanation:
Based on the scenario that have been analysed in the question, Susan can view possible career paths with this company from the organization chart.
The organizational chart is a diagram that shows the internal structure of an organization by showing the roles carried out by the employees and the relationships that exists between them.
Land is purchased for $256,000. Additional costs include a $15,300 fee to a broker, a survey fee of $2,400, $1,750 to construct a fence, and a legal fee of $8,500. What is the cost of the land
Answer:
The answer is $282,200
Explanation:
The cost of an asset includes the purchase price (cost of acquisition) and the cost neccessary to bring it usage.
For example, for cost of acquiring a machinery, the purchase price minus any trade discount plus cost of transportation, plus any tax paid on acquisition plus cost of installation etc.
But for the acquisition of land, all the cost except the cost of fence of the land will be considered.
So we have:
Purchase price. $256,000
Broker's fee. $15,300
Survey fee. $2,400
Legal fee $8,500
Cost of the land. $282,200
On October 29, 2016, Lobo Co. began operations by purchasing razors for resale. Lobo uses the perpetual inventory method. The razors have a 90-day warranty that requires the company to replace any nonworking razor. When a razor is returned, the company discards it and mails a new one from Merchandise Inventory to the customer. The company’s cost per new razor is $20 and its retail selling price is $75 in both 2016 and 2017. The manufacturer has advised the company to expect warranty costs to equal 8% of dollar sales. The following transactions and events occurred.
2016
Nov. 11 Sold 105 razors for $7,875 cash.
30 Recognized warranty expense related to November sales with an adjusting entry.
Dec. 9 Replaced 15 razors that were returned under the warranty.
16 Sold 220 razors for $16,500 cash.
29 Replaced 30 razors that were returned under the warranty.
31 Recognized warranty expense related to December sales with an adjusting entry.
2017
Jan. 5 Sold 150 razors for $11,250 cash.
17 Replaced 50 razors that were returned under the warranty.
31 Recognized warranty expense related to January sales with an adjusting entry.
1.1 Prepare journal entries to record above transactions and adjustments for 2016.
2. How much warranty expense is reported for November 2016 and for December 2016?
Warranty Expense for November 2016 ?????
Warranty expense for December 2016 ?????
3. How much warranty expense is reported for January 2017?
4. What is the balance of the Estimated Warranty Liability account as of December 31, 2016?
5. What is the balance of the Estimated Warranty Liability account as of January 31, 2017?
Answer:
Nov 11
Dr Cash 7,875
Cr To Sale 7,875
Nov. 11
Dr Cost of Goods Sold 2,100
Cr To Inventory 2,100
Nov. 30
Dr Warranty Expenses 630
Cr To Warranty Liability 630
Dec. 9
Dr Warranty Liability 300
Cr To Inventory 300
Dec. 16
Dr Cash 16,500
Cr To Sales 16,500
Dec. 16
Dr Cost of Goods Sold 4,400
Cr To Inventory 4,400
Dec. 29
Dr Warranty Liability 600
Cr To Inventory 600
Dec. 31
Dr Warranty Expenses 1,320
Cr To Warranty Liability 1,320
1.b Journal Entries for 2017
Jan 5
Dr Cash 11,250
Cr To Sales 11,250
Jan 5
Dr Cost of goods sold 3,000
Cr To Inventory 3,000
Jan 17
Dr Warranty Liability 1,000
Cr To Inventory 1,000
Jan 31
Dr Warranty Expenses 900
Cr To Warranty Liability 900
2)a. Warranty Expenses= $630
2b. Warranty Expenses= $1,320
3). Warranty Expenses= $900
4). Estimated Warranty Liability Account $1,050
5). Estimated Warranty liability account $900
Explanation:
Preparation of the Journal entries for Lobo Co
Journal Entries for 2016 for Lobo Co
Nov 11
Dr Cash 7,875
Cr To Sale 7,875
Nov. 11
Dr Cost of Goods Sold 2,100
Cr To Inventory (20*$105) 2,100
Nov. 30
Dr Warranty Expenses 630
($7,875*8%)
Cr To Warranty Liability 630
Dec. 9
Dr Warranty Liability 300
(15*$20)
Cr To Inventory 300
Dec. 16
Dr Cash 16,500
Cr To Sales 16,500
Dec. 16
Dr Cost of Goods Sold 4,400
Cr To Inventory 4,400
(220 * $20)
Dec. 29
Dr Warranty Liability 600
(30*$20)
Cr To Inventory 600
Dec. 31
Dr Warranty Expenses 1,320
($16,500*8%)
Cr To Warranty Liability 1,320
1.b Journal Entries for 2017
Jan 5
Dr Cash 11,250
Cr To Sales 11,250
Jan 5
Dr Cost of goods sold 3,000
(150*$15)
Cr To Inventory 3,000
Jan 17
Dr Warranty Liability 1,000
(50*$20)
Cr To Inventory 1,000
Jan 31
Dr Warranty Expenses 900
(11,250*8%)
Cr To Warranty Liability 900
2)a. Warranty Expenses for Nov. 2016
Warranty Expenses= $7,875*8%
Warranty Expenses= $630
2b. Warranty Expenses for Dec. 2016
Warranty Expenses= $16500*8%
Warranty Expenses= $1,320
3). Warranty Expenses for Jan. 2017
Warranty Expenses= $11,250*8%
Warranty Expenses= $900
4). Estimated Warranty Liability Account as on Dec. 31, 2016
Estimated Warranty Liability Account= $630 + $1,320 - $300 - $600
Estimated Warranty Liability Account= $1950- $900
Estimated Warranty Liability Account= $1,050
5). Estimated Warranty liability account as on Jan. 31, 2017
Estimated Warranty liability account = $1,050 + $900 - $1,050
Estimated Warranty liability account= $900
Joan, who has a PhD in economics, has been employed as an agent by Gibraltar Securities for the past 15 years. Missing academic life, she resigns from the broker-dealer and accepts a position as an economics professor at a state university. Which, if any party, is required to notify the state securities Administrator of this change
Answer:
both the agent in question as well as the former broker/dealer are required to notify the Administrator promptly.
Explanation:
In the specific scenario that is being described both the agent in question as well as the former broker/dealer are required to notify the Administrator promptly. This is mainly due to the fact that the license that an agent possesses expires as soon as they cease to be employed by the broker/dealer and/or issuer for whom they were previously licensed. Therefore this information needs to be presented immediately to the securities administrator and her license needs to be revoked.
The manufacturer of a certain engine treatment claims that if you add their product to your engine, it will be protected from excessive wear. An infomercial claims that a woman drove 6 hours without oil, thanks to the engine treatment. A magazine tested engines in which they added the treatment to the motor oil, ran the engines, drained the oil, and then determined the time until the engines seized. Complete parts (a) and (b) below. (a) Determine the null and alternative hypotheses that the magazine will test. Upper H 0: mu equals 6 Upper H 1: mu less than 6 (b) Both engines took exactly 11 minutes to seize. What conclusion might the magazine make based on this evidence? A. The infomercial's claim is not true. B. The infomercial's claim is true.
Answer: (a)Null hypothesis: [tex]H_0:\mu=6[/tex]
Alternative hypothesis: [tex]H_a:\mu<6[/tex]
(b) Conclusion: A. The infomercial's claim is not true.
Explanation:
Let [tex]\mu[/tex] be the mean number of hours drove without oil .
(a) Since the woman drove 6 hours without oil because of the engine treatment.
We expect that this is too high to drive without oil
So, the hypothesis in this case would be
Null hypothesis: [tex]H_0:\mu=6[/tex]
Alternative hypothesis: [tex]H_a:\mu<6[/tex]
(b) 11 minutes is much lower than 6 hours.
That means it supports the alternative hypothesis.
Conclusion: A. The infomercial's claim is not true.
