Vitamin B was discovered as a result of Dr. Goldberger's work in order to prove that pellagra was not an infectious disease.
Following the Civil War, Pellagra, a condition brought on by a dietary deficit in vitamin B (niacin), was observed in the southern United States (1861-65). It was formerly believed to be an infectious disease in the early 1900s, but research by public health physician Joseph Goldberger at Georgia's Milledgeville State Hospital (later Central State Hospital) revealed that it was caused by nutrition. Pellagra may have been one of the most severe nutritional deficiency disorders ever identified in the United States, according to death figures. Dermatitis, diarrhoea, mucous membrane irritation, and even dementia are among the symptoms. Strong sunshine can cause pellagra to flare. The condition is fatal if left untreated.
During the Progressive Era in the beginning of the 20th century, pellagra cases significantly rose. More than 1,000 estimated cases from thirteen states were reported in 1909. With the exception of nine states, pellagra cases had increased ninefold by 1911. About 3 million cases and 100,000 fatalities were ascribed to this illness between 1906 and 1940. Most of the available land was used for commercial crops like cotton and tobacco rather than food crops in the southern states, where income levels were low. Pellagra had developed into a significant epidemic in Georgia by 1920, where it was blamed for 432 fatalities. When it was most prevalent in 1928–1929, pellagra was the eighth or ninth most common cause of death.
To learn more about pellagra, refer: https://brainly.com/question/12972692
#SPJ4
When the pCO2 of the blood increases, the production of H+ ___ but only ___ is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier to elicit a response by central chemoreceptors.
When the pCO₂ of the blood increases, the production of H⁺ increases but only carbon dioxide is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier to elicit a response by central chemoreceptors.
What is the blood-brain barrier?The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the specialized system of the brain microvascular endothelial cells. It is a highly semipermeable border of the endothelium cells. This barrier helps in shielding the brain from the entry of toxic substances in the blood, which supplies the brain tissues with nutrients, and also filters harmful compounds from the brain back to the bloodstream and are then excreted.
When the pCO₂ of the blood increases that is the increase in the acidity of the blood, the production of H⁺ increases in the blood but only the carbon dioxide molecules are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier to elicit a response by the central chemoreceptors. This helps in maintaining the pH of the blood.
Learn more about Blood-brain barrier here:
https://brainly.com/question/9643165
#SPJ1
A therapist takes a very directive role in challenging the client; she even assigns homework to confront those beliefs and modify the client's behavior. She is probably a ________ therapist.
Rational emotive behavioral
A therapist takes a very directive role in challenging the client; she even assigns homework to confront those beliefs and modify the client's behavior. She is probably a rational emotive behavioral therapist.
A therapist is someone who provides various types of therapy. Therapists are trained professionals who provide a variety of services, such as psychologists, social workers, counsellors, life coaches, and others. They are useful in counseling people with various mental and physical issues. A therapist or licensed counselor must pass a state licensure exam and should have a master's degree in addition to completing an internship with a practicing Supervisor.
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) was developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s. It's a method for identifying irrational beliefs and negative thought patterns that can lead to emotional or behavioral problems. REBT is based on the premise that most people want to succeed in life. For example, you most likely want to achieve your goals and be happy.
To learn more about therapists, here
https://brainly.com/question/9360511
#SPJ4
Lim and Zebrack (2004) reported that for family caregivers of dementia, having social support is significantly associated with improved : Help please!!!
According to Lim and Zebrack (2004) reported that for family caregivers of dementia, having social support is significantly associated with improved:
affecting the standard of living for people providing care for loved ones who have a chronic physical condition. Here, we examine the theories behind and tools available for gauging the quality of life of caregivers. Understanding stress-related variables and compiling elements affecting quality of life in accordance with the family stress theory were of special interest to us. According to the findings, quality of life was measured using a variety of positive and negative adjectives. Results show that patient and caregiver characteristics, stresses, stress appraisal, stress coping mechanisms, and social support are all potential determinants impacting carers' quality of life. The application of theory to interventions, measurement development, operationalization of measurement concepts, and the necessity of extensive longitudinal research are all topics covered in our recommendations.
To learn more about caregivers
https://brainly.com/question/27791810
#SPJ1
Which circuit should you use if you want to save money by using fewer parts? Why would this circuit be cheaper?
We can use series circuit to save money by using fewer parts. Making a series circuit is less expensive. Less energy is used in the series circuit.
What makes series circuits superior to parallel ones?While the voltage across each appliance is the same in a parallel connection, the current flowing through each appliance is different in a series connection. Additionally, despite being more reliable, a parallel circuit uses more energy than a series circuit.
Why utilize less power in series circuits?Because the current in the circuit is lower than in the circuit with a single bulb and battery, and the potential difference is the same for both circuits, connecting two lamps in series uses the battery considerably less quickly. The two bulbs shift less energy than the single lamp does.
To know more about series circuit click:
https://brainly.com/question/11798838
#SPJ4
peripheral tolerance group of answer choices is caused by costimulation without tcr-mhc peptide interaction. is caused by tcr-mhc peptide interaction without costimulation. leads to anergy. both leads to anergy and is caused by costimulation without tcr-mhc peptide interaction. both leads to anergy and is caused by tcr-mhc peptide interaction without costimulation.
Anergy is a form of peripheral tolerance, and the lack of a costimulatory signal prevents the lymphocyte from becoming activated against the foreign substance.
When lymphocytes that can recognize self-antigens escape from the central tolerance, peripheral tolerance develops. Anergy is caused by an inhibitory receptor, which renders the lymphocyte inoperative.The second subset of immunological tolerance in immunology, after central tolerance, is peripheral tolerance. It occurs in the immune system's periphery (after T cells and B cells egress from primary lymphoid organs). Its main goal is to prevent autoimmune illness from being brought on by self-reactive T cells and B cells that eluded central tolerance. Peripheral tolerance stops the immune system from reacting to both allergens and innocuous dietary antigens.Only 60–70% of self-reactive T cells are successfully eliminated in the thymus, and a sizable percentage of low-avidity self-reactive T cells make up the naive T cell repertoire. Numerous peripheral tolerance mechanisms exist to prevent the stimulation of these cells from producing an autoimmune reaction.To know more about lymphocyte check the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/17329785
#SPJ4
19. music can activate the nucleus accumbens, the ventral tegmental area, and the hypothalamus. functionally, these structures are parts of the system.
Music can activate the nucleus accumbens, the ventral tegmental area, and the hypothalamus. Functionally, these structures are parts of the reward center system.
Nucleus accumbens is the region present at the basal region of the forebrain in the hypothalamic region. It is the region of interface between the motivation and action of an individual. Stimulation of it results in the increase of dopamine in the body.
Reward center is the region of the brain that is responsible for coordinating the interests of an individual with the physiological state of the body. Nucleus accumbens is a part of this reward center.
To know more about reward center, here
brainly.com/question/14354019
#SPJ4
What is the leading cause of infant death in the United States?
The leading cause of infant death in the United States is prematurity/low birthweight.
Low birth weight is most frequently caused by being born too early (premature birth). which means before thirty seven weeks of gestation. A newborn infant has less time within the mother's female internal reproductive organ (uterus) to grow and gain weight. abundant of a baby's weight is gained throughout the last weeks of gestation.
Infant death are deaths happen throughout the primary 6 months of a baby's life. Infants born untimely or with a coffee birthweight ar at bigger risk. SIDS additionally tends to be slightly a lot of common in baby boys. SIDS typically happens once a baby is asleep, though it will often happen whereas they are awake.
To learn more about infant death here
brainly.com/question/28387896
#SPJ4
A nurse in an urgent care center for a client who fell and injured her ankle. The ankle appears swollen and ecchymotic. While the client waits for the technician to take x-rays, which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions? (select all that apply)
A. apply ice to the ankle
B. encourage range of motion of the foot
C. provide the client with a light snack
D. apply a compression bandage
E. elevate the foot
The following are appropriate nursing interventions is:
Apply ice to the ankleApply a compression bandageElevate the footSkeletal traction involves inserting wires or screws into the fractured bone to which weights are attached. Weights pull the fractured bone into place over time. Skin traction does not use pins instead splints or adhesives are used to pull the skin and soft tissue around the bone.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a rare complication of fat embolism syndrome, in which bleeding from the damaged pulmonary microvasculature into the alveoli causes severe hypoxemia. Administrators are usually supportive when the patient is cared for in the supine position.
Learn more about The ankle here:- https://brainly.com/question/29025050
#SPJ4
which of the following is not a factor that contributes to high healthcare costs in the united states?
Decrease in drug prices is not a factor that contributes to high healthcare costs in the United States.
High healthcare costs inflate the earnings of the many suppliers and build the trade unnecessarily giant. the value of employer-provided insurance, mostly invisible to workers, not solely holds down wages however additionally destroys jobs, particularly for fewer delicate staff, and replaces sensible jobs with worse jobs at lower wages.
Higher drug price is typically the results of drug patents that pharmaceutical companies hold. Strategic drug patenting prevents companies that build generic medication from competitive . this could be as a results of their generic merchandise would be subject to court action.
The question is incomplete, find the complete question here
which of the following is not a factor that contributes to high healthcare costs in the united states?
Aging population
Chronic disease prevalence
Healthcare service costs
Decrease in drug prices
To learn more about drug price here
brainly.com/question/6438256
#SPJ4
the occupational safety and health administration (osha) is an example of a government agency that
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), public health agency of the U.S. Department of Labor. Formed in 1970 through the Occupational Safety and Health Act, OSHA is charged with ensuring that employers furnish their employees with a working environment free from recognized health and safety hazards.
The United States Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration ('OSHA /o/) is a sizable regulatory body with historical federal visitorial authority to inspect and study workplaces. The Occupational Safety and Health Act, or OSH Act, was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Richard M. Nixon on December 29, 1970. In order to "assure safe and healthy working conditions for working men and women by formulating and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, information, and support," OSHA's mission statement states. The organization is also tasked with upholding a number of whistleblower laws and rules. It has been demonstrated that OSHA's workplace safety inspections lower injury rates and injury costs without having a negative impact on employment, sales, credit ratings, or business survival.
To know more about OSHA visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29345131
#SPJ4
When you accept someone—faults and all—regardless of whether or not you like the individual or approve of his or her lifestyle, Rogers suggests that you are exhibiting ________.a. inventories are standardized
b. personality inventory
c. openness
d. unconditional positive regard
d. unconditional positive regard
When you accept someone—faults and all—regardless of whether or not you like the individual or approve of his or her lifestyle, Rogers suggests that you are exhibiting unconditional positive regard.
Humanist psychologist Carl Rogers coined the phrase "unconditional positive regard" to characterise a strategy he employed in his non-directive, client-centered treatment. 1
Unconditional positive regard, in Rogers' view, entails extending a person's full support and approval regardless of what they say or do. No matter what the client says or does, the therapist accepts them and is there to assist them. That implies that the therapist encourages the patient whether they are displaying "good" or "poor" behaviours and feelings.
To learn more about unconditional positive regard refer here
https://brainly.com/question/14282126#
#SPJ4
Programs such as Meals on Wheels provide at least one meal a day that provides ________ of the RDA for individuals who are 60 years of age or older.
a. one - half
b. one - fifth
c. one - third
d. one - quarter
e. two - thirds
Programs such as Meals on Wheels provide at least one meal a day that provides one-third of the RDA for individuals who are 60 years of age or older.
Congregate nutrition service providers must utilize an advanced reservation system to calculate the number of meals required for each day of service and to inform participants of the reservation process.
Providers must only feed eligible walk-in older folks and other unplanned visitors after those with reservations have finished their meals.
In order to ensure consistency in quality and to ensure that the nutritious content of food served is documented, nutrition service providers must ensure that food production is planned and managed using standardized recipes altered to generate the necessary number of servings.
The Older Americans Act, as amended provisions,'s for nutrition services must be followed by all providers.
learn more about nutrition here;
https://brainly.com/question/13208550
#SPJ4
A nurse is admitting a client who has experienced a weight loss of 11 kg (25 lb) in the past 3 months. The clientweighs 40 kg (88 lb) and believes she is fat. Which of the following aspects of care should the nurse consider thefirst priority for this client?A. Identify the client's nutritional status.B. Request a mental health consult.C. Plan a therapeutic diet for the client.D. Provide a structured environment for the client.A. Identify the client's nutritional status.Rationale: According to the nursing process, the nurse should perform an assessment first to gatherenough data regarding nutritional status and other findings in order to plan, implement, andevaluate care. The assessment identifies client nutrition needs as well as complications theclient might be experiencing related to the eating disorder.
A nurse is admitting a client who has experienced a weight loss of 11 kg (25 lb) in the past 3 months. The client weighs 40 kg (88 lb) and believes she is fat therefore the following aspects of care which the nurse should consider the first priority for this client is identify the client's nutritional status which is therefore denoted as option A.
Who is a Nurse?This is referred tom as a healthcare professional who specializes in taking care of the sick and ensuring that adequate recovery is achieved.
The things which an individual eats is responsible for their weight as fatty foods such as butter etc leads to an increase and is part of the client's nutritional status.
Read more about Nutrition here https://brainly.com/question/4413413
#SPJ1
the central idea for understanding the existence of a stable internal environment is the principle of .
1. A diet that's high in which of the following can contribute to the development of chronic diseases?
A. Saturated fat, potassium, and sugar
B. Saturated fat, sodium, and amino acids
C. Saturated fat, sodium, and sugar
D. Unsaturated fat, sodium, and sugar
They works by entering a cell of the body, known as the host cell, and producing more. It kill the host cell and spread throughout the body. Antibiotics do not work against.
Bacteria
Viruses
Hypertension
amnesia that is produced by a blow to the head that does not penetrate the skull is called amnesia.
Amnesia that is produced by a blow to the head that does not penetrate the skull is called post-traumatic amnesia.
What is Amnesia?
This is referred to as a medical condition which is characterized by a person not being able to recall information that is stored in their memory anymore due to different reasons.
Post traumatic amnesia on the other hand is referred to as a condition in which there is an altered brain function that may follow a traumatic brain injury such as a blow to the head which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
Read more about Amnesia here https://brainly.com/question/28321658
#SPJ1
A nurse is planning care for a client who has dehydration and is receiving a continuous IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
A. Monitor the client's intake and output every 6 hr.
B. Offer the client 240 mL (8 oz) of oral fluids every 4 hr.
C. Check the client's IV infusion every 8 hr.
D. Administer furosemide to the client.
Offer the client 240 mL (8 oz) of oral fluids every 4 hr is the interventions the nurse should include in the plan of care.
Define Dehydration.
Dehydration a disorder that develops when the body loses excessive amounts of fluids, including water, that are necessary for normal function. Dehydration can also result from taking certain medications, not getting enough fluids in, excessive perspiration, a fever, excessive urination, or severe diarrhea and vomiting.
The overall amount of water in a patient's body and how it is distributed between intracellular and extracellular regions are factors in homeostasis. As a result of gradients produced by active and permissive transport across cell membranes, electrolytes are dispersed throughout the system and maintained at different concentrations.
Calculations of weight (30–40 ml/kg/day), body surface area (1.5 l/m2/day), and metabolic rate (100 ml/100 kcal) can be used to estimate the daily volume requirements in otherwise healthy individuals.
To learn more about Dehydration use link below:
https://brainly.com/question/340599
#SPJ1
Experiencing acute stress on a frequent basis, such as with back-to-back tight deadlines at work, is referred to as what type of stress?
A. Toxic stress
B. Chronic stress
C. Eustress
D. Episodic stress
Answer:
B. Chronic stress
Explanation:
Chronic stress is the result of experiencing acute stress on a frequent basis, such as with back-to-back tight deadlines at work. Chronic stress can have a negative impact on both physical and mental health, and it can lead to a wide range of health problems, such as headaches, high blood pressure, heart disease, and depression. To manage chronic stress, it is important to find ways to reduce stress, such as by practicing relaxation techniques, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep. It can also be helpful to talk to a mental health professional for additional support and guidance.
Which of the following Doppler displays cannot determine flow direction? power
Answer: The maximum velocity that can be determined has a Doppler shift that is half the PRF. Hence, PRF must be at least twice the Doppler shift. Aliasing phenomenon Aliasing occurs if the velocity of blood flow exceeds the Nyquist limit. This implies that the ultrasound machine cannot determine the velocity and direction of the flow.
Explanation:
Women can experience benefits of strength training, however, they cannot achieve the level of hypertrophy that men can. What is the reason for this is?
Endocrinological differences do not allow women to achieve the same amount of muscle hypertrophy (size) as men. (Testosterone)
Women are not able to reach the same level of muscular hypertrophy (size) as men due to endocronological variations (Testosterone).
Male testes produce 30 times as much testosterone as they did before puberty, which is why men eventually have greater testosterone levels than women do. And at any age, men have 15 times the amount of testosterone in the blood than women have. Men often grow more muscle hypertrophy, or bigger muscles, from strength training than women do due to the action of testosterone. Muscle recruitment and muscle hypertrophy lead to strength improvements, which women are just as capable of achieving as men are. Men have noticeably more testosterone on average than women, despite the fact that testosterone is present and operates equally in both men and women.
To learn more about strength training click here https://brainly.com/question/12674256
#SPJ4
Blank —- includes the negative thoughts,
attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes about a
group of people based upon specific
attributes or characteristics they have.
Answer: STIGMA
STIGMA includes the negative thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes about agroup of people based upon specificattributes or characteristics they have.
When one faces a situation with both attractive and unattractive characteristics, one is facing a(n) _____ conflict.
When one faces a situation with both attractive and unattractive characteristics, one is facing an approach-avoidance conflict.
When a goal or event has both favorable and unfavorable consequences or traits that make it both desirable and undesirable at the same time, approach-avoidance conflicts arise. According to the approach-avoidance theory, people gravitate toward pleasant and other favorable environments. According to Havlena and Holbrook32, people will go toward alternatives that produce pleasant emotional states while deciding between similar alternatives.
One of the three potential conflicts that could exist alongside a decision-making circumstance is the approach-avoidance conflict. Making decisions regarding events that have both good and negative consequences is a part of the approach-avoidance conflict.
To learn more about Approach-avoidance visit: https://brainly.com/question/20345064
#SPJ4
The intake of fatty foods contributes to a rise in cholesterol levels. This is an example of a(n) ______.
Group of answer choices
control group
neutral association
positive association
negative association
positive, because it it raises it
Consider a class in which your grade depends entirely on one difficult final exam with a teacher who grades harshly. According to the optimal arousal theory, you would likely feel too...stressed to do well because the class's arousal levels are too high.
Think about a class where the sole determinant of your grade is a challenging final test and a strict teacher. According to the optimum arousal theory, the arousal levels in the class are likely too high for you to perform successfully since you would feel too anxious. It is accurate.
don't have a lot or any influence over how something will turn out. have obligations that feel excessive. lack of employment, activity, or changes in your life. encounter abuse, hatred, or discrimination. Eat a balanced diet, get adequate sleep, and work out frequently. Relax by yourself.Would feel anxious,To relieve stress, try yoga, swimming, prayer, breathing exercises, or meditation. Spend time outdoors or in quiet music.
Learn more about anxious here:
https://brainly.com/question/28660830
#SPJ4
the united states has a relatively small percentage of the world's population but uses one-fourth of the world's energy. T/F
While using one-fourth of the world's energy, it is true that the United States makes up a comparatively modest portion of the world's population. The most widely used fossil fuel is coal.
In 2007, China, which already has many of the world's most polluted cities, was building nearly two coal-fired power plants every week. Coal was the fuel that started the industrial revolution and its use has only increased. In 2021, the majority of the energy used in the United States came from fossil fuels, with petroleum accounting for 36%, natural gas for 32%, and coal for 11%. 8% came from nuclear energy, and 12% from renewable sources such hydroelectric dams, biomass, wind, geothermal, and solar.
Learn more about world's energy here
https://brainly.com/question/264168
#SPJ4
choose all the structures that are involved with emotional feelings and memories. multiple select question. prefrontal cortex amygdala midbrain medulla oblongata pons
The structures that are involved with emotional feelings and memories are:
prefrontal cortex amygdala What is the function of prefrontal cortex and amygdala ?The prefrontal cortex can be described as the cerebral cortex covering the front part of the frontal lobe it can be considered as the brain region which has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, as swell as moderating social behaviour.
The amygdala, region of the brain can be seen as one that is associated with emotional processes it can be considered owing to the structure's almondlike shape as one that is located in the medial temporal lobe, just anterior to (in front of) the hippocampus.
In conclusion, both are structures that are involved with emotional feelings and memories .
Therefore, option A, B are correct.
Learn more about feelings at:
https://brainly.com/question/25437634
#SPJ1
most of those who commit violent crimes have autism spectrum disorder. posttraumatic stress disorder. antisocial personality disorder. no mental illness.
The majority of violent criminals suffer from antisocial personality disorder, often known as sociopathy.
A person who continuously disregards right and wrong and the rights and sentiments of others is said to have sociopathy, a mental disease. A personality illness known as antisocial personality disorder (ASPD or less often APD) is defined by a pattern of long-term disdain for or violation of the rights of others as well as trouble maintaining long-term relationships. Lack of empathy is frequently evident, along with a history of disobeying the law and other rules, a propensity for substance misuse, and impulsive and violent conduct. Antisocial personality disorder patients are unlikely to think they need assistance.
learn more about illness click here brainly.com/question/16770393
#SPJ4
A nurse is evaluating teaching on a client who has a new prescription for montelukast to treat asthma. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?A. "I'll rinse my mouth after taking this medication."B. "I'll take this medication when I get an asthma attack."C. "I'll take this medication once a day in the evening."D. "I'll use a spacer device when I inhale this medication."
The answer for the question is (C) "I'll take this medication once a day in the evening for montelukast to treat asthma.
Montelukast is a drug used in the maintenance treatment of asthma and is marketed under the trade names Singulair and others. In comparison to inhaled corticosteroids, it is typically less favoured for this application. To treat severe asthma attacks, it is useless. Other applications include long-lasting hives and allergic rhinitis. It is a second-line therapy for allergic rhinitis. Headache, cough, and abdominal pain are typical adverse effects. Allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis and eosinophilia, can have serious side consequences. Pregnancy use seems to be safe. The leukotriene receptor antagonist class of drugs includes montelukast. It functions by preventing leukotriene D4 from acting in the lungs, which reduces inflammation and relaxes smooth muscle.
Asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, allergic rhinitis, and urticaria are among the disorders for which montelukast is used. It is mostly used as a supplemental therapy in adults in addition to inhaled corticosteroids, if inhaled steroids alone do not have the desired effect.
To learn more about montelukast to treat asthma, refer: https://brainly.com/question/6476992
#SPJ4
Type 2 diabetes is increasing greatly in the U.S. population as people become heavier and less physically active
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Type 2 diabetes is increasing, and some of the cause is obistity.
