Problems or concerns that a community (such as a town, neighborhood, or other group of community members) believes they can solve are referred to as "community issues."
What Is a Problem in the Community?Problems or concerns that a community (such as a town, neighborhood, or other group of community members) believes they can solve are referred to as "community issues." Maybe you notice harassing in the foyers, litter in the city, individuals needing food, or creatures needing assistance. These are just a few examples of problems in the community; there are many more. Continue reading for examples of community issues that the students in fifth grade have emphasized for their Kid Governor platforms. Examples of social issues include hunger, poverty, unemployment, inequality of opportunity, racism, and malnutrition. As well as child abuse and neglect, discrimination in the workplace, and substandard housing. Social issues include substance abuse and criminal activity.
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Jue understands that soft skills and professional polish will ensure her long-term success on the job. Which of the following is not a soft skill?
Proficiency in using a variety of computer software packages
Definition
Proficiency in using a variety of computer software packages is not a soft skill. Option A is correct choice.
Soft skills refer to personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people. Examples of soft skills include communication skills, teamwork, problem-solving skills, adaptability, leadership skills, time management, and interpersonal skills.
On the other hand, proficiency in using computer software packages falls under technical skills, which are specific abilities that are related to performing a certain task or function. Technical skills are usually acquired through education, training, or experience. Hence, option A is correct choice.
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--The complete question is, Jue understands that soft skills and professional polish will ensure her long-term success on the job. Which of the following is not a soft skill?
A. Proficiency in using a variety of computer software packages
B. Ability to communicate effectively with colleagues and clients
C. Time management and organizational skills
D. Problem-solving and critical thinking skills--
true/false. analogical reasoning is a type of problem solving that involves using something someone already knows to help reason about something not known yet.
Finding a problem (source) that is similar to the problem you need to solve (target) and mapping the solution of that source problem onto the target problem is the basic process of analogical reasoning, so the statement is true.
Analogical reasoning is a type of reasoning that is based on the discovery of a shared relational system between two situations, exemplars, or domains.
When such a system is discovered, what is known about one situation can be used to deduce new information about the other.
Argument by analogy means claiming that because two things are similar, what is true of one is also true of the other.
These are known as analogical arguments or analogy arguments.
Here are a couple of examples: Europa could support life because its atmosphere contains oxygen, just like ours.
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in families where coparenting is cooperative, cohesive, and child centered, they are likely to have a high degree of family harmony.
In families where coparenting is cooperative, cohesive, and child-centered, there is a higher likelihood of family harmony.
When parents work together to support each other and prioritize their children's needs, they create a positive family environment where everyone feels valued and supported. This type of coparenting can lead to better communication, fewer conflicts, and a greater sense of unity among family members. Family members are also more likely to feel heard, respected, and valued, which can foster a sense of belonging and connection. In turn, this positive family dynamic can contribute to the emotional well-being and overall happiness of all family members.
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40. The President nominates and confirms the federal judges.
a.
True
b. False
Answer:
40. The President nominates and confirms the federal judges.
a.
True
b. False
Explanation:
False.
The President nominates federal judges, but they must be confirmed by the Senate.
Which of the following is true?
a. Distinct from anxiety is fear, which is the emotion that people experience when confronted with a real or imagined threat.
b. Anxiety disorders are the least prevalent of all psychological disorders.
c. Men are 60% more likely than women to experience an anxiety disorder over their lifetime.
d. Anxiety disorders are characterized by intense, irrational, and incapacitating aggression.
The correct statement is: a. Distinct from anxiety is fear, which is the emotion that people experience when confronted with a real or imagined threat.
Anxiety and fear are two distinct emotions, with fear being the response to an immediate or real threat, while anxiety is a more generalized and prolonged feeling of worry or unease about future events or situations. Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and persistent fear or anxiety that is related to specific objects or situations, which can interfere with daily life. Anxiety disorders are relatively common, affecting approximately 18% of the US population in a given year, and they can occur in both men and women. However, there is no evidence to suggest that men are more likely to experience anxiety disorders than women. Finally, anxiety disorders are not characterized by aggression, but rather by excessive and often irrational fear or worry.
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turfgrasses with c-4 metabolism are unable to complete a growth cycle without all essential nutrients being available.
It is completely correct and highly appropriate to state that the turfgrasses with C-4 metabolism are not able to complete growth cycles without all the essential nutrients being available. Thus, the said statement is true.
The turfgrasses have different types of metabolism. These types of metabolism affect their characteristics in general. And thus, it is the most important thing for them to complete their growth cycle. However, those having C-4 metabolism are simply unable to do so. So, in the context of the statement provided above, it holds a high amount of relevance, and is thus, true.
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Complete question
Turfgrasses with c-4 metabolism are unable to complete a growth cycle without all essential nutrients being available.
True or False
FILL IN THE BLANK. Proponents of the feminist theory focus on how ideas pertaining to gender have been rather than Biologically determined; socially constructed b. Socially constructed; biologically determined c. Adoptively constructed; socially constructed d. Naturally constructed; biologically constructed
Proponents of feminist theory emphasize on how beliefs pertaining to gender have been socially produced rather than biologically established. The correct option is, b. Socially constructed; biologically determined.
This suggests that gender roles, expectations, and identities are not intrinsic to biological sex, but are instead created by social and cultural influences. Feminist theory emphasizes that gender is not a fixed or universal term, but rather a dynamic and historically dependent construct that can alter across time and location.
By highlighting the socially constructed character of gender, feminist theory strives to question old gender norms and hierarchies, and to promote more gender equality and social justice.
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Best Practice Guidelinessuggests that a group leader contact a group memberthat drops out with each of the following goals except toO discuss reasons for premature closure with other group membersO say good-bye to the remaining group membersO use pressure to have the member remain in groupO discuss the bene±ts and liabilities of staying in group
Best Practice Guidelines suggest that a group leader contact a group member that drops out with each of the following goals except to use pressure to have the member remain in the group.
The goal of a leader when a member drops out of a group is to maintain a positive relationship with the member and to ensure that their needs and concerns are being addressed. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use pressure to force the member to remain in the group. Instead, the leader should discuss the reasons for dropping out, say good-bye to the remaining group members, and discuss the benefits and liabilities of staying in the group. By discussing the reasons for dropping out, the leader can gain insight into the member's needs and concerns and potentially address them. Saying good-bye to the remaining group members helps to maintain positive relationships within the group. Finally, discussing the benefits and liabilities of staying in the group can help the member make an informed decision about whether to continue participating.
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true/false. an ethnic group is a group of people who share a set of characteristics (usually physical characteristics) deemed by society as socially significant.
The statement an ethnic group is a group of people who share a set of characteristics (usually physical characteristics) deemed by society as socially significant is true because ethnicity is based on shared cultural or social characteristics, such as language, religion, customs, and traditions, which may include physical characteristics.
Ethnicity refers to the cultural or national origin characteristics that people share, such as language, religion, and customs. These characteristics may be tied to physical traits, but they are not limited to them. Ethnic groups can also be defined by shared histories, traditions, and cultural practices.
The concept of ethnicity is socially constructed, meaning that it is created by society rather than based solely on biology. Understanding ethnicity is important for addressing issues related to discrimination, inequality, and social justice, as well as for promoting multiculturalism and diversity.
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Researchers randomly assigned adolescents to either a single - grade classroom or a mixed - age classroom. This is an example of a.
Researchers randomly assigned adolescents to either a single - grade classroom or a mixed - age classroom. This is an example of a field experiment.
Cross-sectional research designs are used to analyse behaviour in individuals who are assessed at the same time but are of various ages. Longitudinal research is a prominent technique for performing developmental psychology habituation. Longitudinal research investigates the same person or group of persons over an extended period of time. Longitudinal research involves starting with a group of people who may be the same age and background (cohort) and measuring them repeatedly over a long period of time.
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if you deliver a speech about public education, which of the following audiences would be most likely to care about the speech?
Answer:
a group of parents of a young child
Explanation:
fill in the blank. between order qualifiers and order winners, superior performance on an order___will not, by itself, give a company a competitive advantage.
Between order qualifiers and order winners, superior performance on an order qualifier will not, by itself, give a company a competitive advantage.
Order qualifiers are the basic criteria that a company must meet to be considered by a customer. These criteria are the minimum level of performance that a customer expects from a product or service. On the other hand, order winners are the factors that differentiate a company's product or service from its competitors and enable it to win business.
While superior performance on an order qualifier is necessary to be considered as a viable option by customers, it does not necessarily give a company a competitive advantage. Customers may simply expect that level of performance and it may not be enough to differentiate a company's product or service from competitors. In order to achieve a competitive advantage, a company must excel in order winners, which are the unique features and benefits that customers value and are willing to pay for.
Therefore, while order qualifiers are necessary for a company to be considered by customers, they are not sufficient to achieve a competitive advantage. A company must also excel in order winners to differentiate itself from competitors and win business.
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50 POINTSSSS DUE BY TOMORROW !!!!
Entrepreneurship and Microenterprise
Project: Entrepreneurship and Microenterprise
Create a policy proposal that will increase youth social entrepreneurship in a developing nation.
Questions: How can government policies support and sustain innovative, community-focused, youth- run small businesses?
Answer:
50 POINTSSSS DUE BY TOMORROW !!!!
Entrepreneurship and Microenterprise
Project: Entrepreneurship and Microenterprise
Create a policy proposal that will increase youth social entrepreneurship in a developing nation.
Questions: How can government policies support and sustain innovative, community-focused, youth- run small businesses?
Explanation:
Policy Proposal: Increasing Youth Social Entrepreneurship in a Developing Nation
Introduction:
In developing nations, youth unemployment is a pressing issue, with over 75 million young people unemployed worldwide. In such an environment, entrepreneurship and microenterprise provide an excellent opportunity to empower youth and promote economic development. This policy proposal aims to increase youth social entrepreneurship in a developing nation by introducing policy measures that support and sustain innovative, community-focused, youth-run small businesses.
Policy Recommendations:
Providing Access to Capital:
The government can support youth entrepreneurship by setting up funding mechanisms for youth-led startups. For example, the government can create a youth entrepreneurship fund that provides low-interest loans or grants to young entrepreneurs who are starting socially-oriented businesses. Additionally, the government can establish venture capital funds that invest in innovative youth-led startups.
Providing Training and Mentorship:
Youth entrepreneurship programs can provide practical skills training and mentorship to young entrepreneurs. The government can partner with civil society organizations and educational institutions to provide entrepreneurship training programs. These training programs can cover areas such as business planning, financial management, marketing, and product development. The government can also establish mentorship programs that pair experienced entrepreneurs with young entrepreneurs to provide guidance, support, and advice.
Providing Regulatory Support:
The government can create policies that support youth-led businesses. For example, the government can establish a simplified regulatory environment that reduces the administrative burden on startups. This can include streamlining the process of registering a business, reducing the cost of obtaining licenses and permits, and simplifying tax regulations.
Encouraging Public-Private Partnerships:
The government can partner with the private sector to promote youth entrepreneurship. For example, the government can establish public-private partnerships that provide resources, such as office space, equipment, and technology, to young entrepreneurs. These partnerships can also provide networking opportunities that help young entrepreneurs access markets, financing, and support.
Providing Market Access:
The government can provide support to young entrepreneurs by creating policies that promote market access. For example, the government can establish procurement policies that prioritize youth-led businesses in government contracting. Additionally, the government can create policies that provide incentives to businesses that source products or services from youth-led enterprises.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, promoting youth entrepreneurship is a critical strategy to address youth unemployment and promote economic development in developing nations. By creating policies that provide access to capital, training and mentorship, regulatory support, public-private partnerships, and market access, the government can support and sustain innovative, community-focused, youth-run small businesses.|
Give me brainliest please.
FILL IN THE BLANK. Social media is a perfect environment for fake news, which gets reinforced by the _____ due to algorithms that the social media companies use to show users information that is consistent with their own belief systems.
negative information is the right solution in this situation.
Disinformation: What is it?Disinformation is intentionally spreading misleading information to mislead readers. Misinformation, which is false information but is not malicious, is occasionally confused with it. Fake news is a means of presenting misinformation.
erroneous information that is disseminated, whether or not it is intended to deceive. This definition's second half needs to include a flag because it will be crucial in the future.
In our daily lives, false information is frequently circulated. News flash: We humans are not flawless. Everybody is capable of making mistakes. We all have memory loss. Details are misheard or forgotten. We misrepresent information to our pals that we learned via social media or heard on television.
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true/false. intelligence is relatively independent of education and includes reasoning, memory, and speed of processing, which declines slowly as people age.
Option b: Fluid intelligence is relatively independent/self-determining of education and includes/contains reasoning, memory, and speed of processing, which declines slowly as people age.
Fluid intelligence refers to the capacity to reason rapidly, think abstractly, and solve problems without relying on prior knowledge. Despite being distinct from crystallized intelligence, cognitive flexibility and crystallized intelligence are closely related, and we use both in many of the same situations.
As businesses prepare for the challenges of the next decade,Fluid intelligence is a topic of intense discussion, with many experts predicting that it will be crucial in the business world. Therefore, accurately evaluating cognitive flexibility is extremely important.
Thomas offers various tests that evaluate the characteristics associated with cognitive flexibility/Fluid intelligence, which can assist you in recruiting more efficiently for your workplace.
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Complete question:
_____ intelligence is relatively independent of education and includes reasoning, memory, and speed of processing, which declines slowly as people age.
Informational
Fluid-
Crystallized
Practical
FILL IN THE BLANK.an advantage of behavior checklists over interviews is that checklists allow a clinician to ___ while interview typically do not.
An advantage of behaviour checklists over interviews is that checklists allow a clinician to obtain quantifiable data while interviews typically do not.
A sort of evaluation tool called a behaviour checklist enables doctors to quickly record and monitor particular behaviours or symptoms. The clinician simply marks out the behaviours or symptoms that are present on these checklists, which often include a list of both. As the doctor may quickly and simply count the number of behaviours or symptoms present, this enables simple and precise data gathering.
Interviews, on the other hand, usually take a more open-ended approach, in which the doctor asks the patient a series of questions and records their responses. Although this can yield useful information, it is more challenging to quantify and compare data from interviews because the answers are frequently arbitrary and open to different interpretations. Behaviour checklists are a useful tool for doctors in general because they enable the gathering of quantitative data that is simple to compare and analyse.
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TRUE OR FALSE a study that is deductive starts with evidence and then slowly builds toward generalizations or summary ideas
The given statement is "study that is deductive starts with evidence and then slowly builds toward generalizations or summary ideas" is false because Deductive studies start with generalizations or summary idea.
Also move towards substantiation that either supports or refutes the original idea. This type of exploration is frequently used to test a thesis or proposition, and involves making an educated conjecture about the outgrowth of the study before it's conducted. deducible studies are frequently structured to move from the most general conception
to the most specific substantiation, with each step furnishing an occasion to further support or refute the original thesis. This type of exploration is frequently used to produce, upgrade, or test propositions about the world.
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which of the following best supports the hypothesis that basic human emotions, such as sadness, are innate?
People from different cultures share a comparing understanding and expression of basic emotions.
In studies on emotions, which system is most frequently measured?Most studies gauge people's emotions based on their affective display, or how they show their feelings. Facial expressions, physical postures, and voice expressions all constitute an affective display. Researchers typically employ observational methods and self-report via questionnaires to quantify affective display.
What kind of study methodology recognises an individual's feelings?Insights into people's feelings and thoughts are gained through qualitative research, which may serve as the foundation for a future stand-alone qualitative study or assist researchers in developing survey instruments for use in a quantitative study.
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Which of the following refers to an individual's beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is good and bad?
a. An ordinance
b. Culture
c. A sacrament
d. Ethics
According to Storms' model of sexual orientation, identify a true statement about bisexual individuals.
a.
Their sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual.
b.
They are high on both homoeroticism and heteroeroticism dimensions.
c.
Their sexual behavior pattern changes across a lifetime.
d.
They are heterosexual individuals trying to be homosexual.
Option b. They are high on both homoeroticism and heteroeroticism dimensions is true about bisexual individuals as per Storm's model.
Sexual preference is a long-lasting tendency to feel romantic or sexual attraction (or both) towards people of the opposite gender, the same gender, or multiple genders. These inclinations are often grouped as heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality, while asexuality (the absence of sexual attraction) is sometimes considered as the fourth category.
These classifications are part of the more intricate aspects of sexual orientation and language. Other designations like pansexual or polysexual may be used by individuals, or none at all. As per the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation "also encompasses a person's sense of self based on those attractions, related behaviors, and association with a community of people who share those attractions".
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which of the following processes will be associated with a positive change in entropy for the system?
Entropy is increased by the creation of gaseous products from non-gaseous reactants. All spontaneous change occurs as the entropy of the universe increases.
For a process to be spontaneous, the total entropy change for the system and its surroundings must be positive (+). As ice melts, molecules are given more freedom to move, which leads to disorder. Once the water is subsequently heated to form gas, the molecules are then free to travel independently through space.The change in entropy for an adiabatic process is therefore equal to zero because the entropy (DS) for both of the preceding reactions would be positive.
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Which of the following processes are associated with a positive change in entropy?
1. 2MgS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2MgO(s) + 2SO2(g)
2. 2COCl2(g) → 2CO(g) + 2Cl2(g)
3. condensation of water vapor into a liquid
4. sublimation of a solid into a gas
5. dissolving of a salt into a solution.
pols 1301 the role of the federal government in the implementation of social policies has decreased since the
Political engagement, the electoral process, public policy, civil freedoms, and civil rights are only a few of the topics covered by the history and development of the United States Constitution.
is it a deliberate course of action adopted by the government to address an issue?A policy is a deliberate plan of action implemented to address an issue or concern. Governmental representatives or agencies create public policy.
Which branch of government is responsible for ensuring that newly formulated policies comply with the Constitution?The judicial branch is responsible for assessing laws to see if they adhere to the Constitution's guiding principles. Nine judges make up the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the country.
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which of the following is central to the processing of memories of physical skills such as how to ride a bike?
The cerebellum is central to the processing of memories of physical skills such as how to ride a bike. (option 2)
The cerebellum is a structure located at the base of the brain that plays a critical role in motor control and coordination. It receives information from sensory systems and integrates this information to fine-tune movements.
As we learn physical skills such as riding a bike, the cerebellum is involved in processing the sensory information related to balance, coordination, and timing, and in forming memories of these physical movements. Dysfunction of the cerebellum can result in a range of motor and cognitive impairments, including difficulties with balance, coordination, and learning new physical skills.
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Complete Question:
which of the following is central to the processing of memories of physical skills such as how to ride a bike?
CerebrumCerebellumIf you could use magic to do one mundane task for the rest of your life, what would it be? (Bonus question: What would you name the spell?)
Answer:
never having to get up and put socks on, just have socks appear by thinking
Perpetrators of domestic abusers?
Are most perpetrators of domestic abuse narcissist or personality disordered?
Answer:
Explanation:
It is not accurate to make a blanket statement that most perpetrators of domestic abuse are narcissists or have a personality disorder. Domestic abuse can be perpetrated by individuals with a wide range of personalities, backgrounds, and mental health conditions. While there may be some perpetrators who have narcissistic or personality disorders, it is important to recognize that this is not the sole cause of domestic abuse and that many other factors can contribute to this behavior. It is crucial to approach each case individually and to provide support and resources to survivors regardless of the characteristics of their abuser.
you are looking for signs as to whether a culture is low context. which of the following would be an obvious indicator of that fact?
One that largely relies on plain and direct communication, utilising clear and succinct language to express meaning, is an obvious sign of a low context culture.
What is the most effective method for deciding whether or not to publish something online?What is the most effective method for deciding whether or not to publish something online. Consider whether you would say it to a person in person.
What kind of cultural conduct might serve as an example of a low power distance dimension?Nations like Australia, New Zealand, and the United States are examples of low power distance civilizations. The following example, which is divided into three categories—family, society, and workplace—is based on low power distance as it is experienced in the United States.
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listen to the audio clip. what is the musical texture of this excerpt from handel's hallelujah chorus?
When listening to "Hallelujah Chorus" according to the listening guide, note that all three musical texture are present: monophonic, harmonic and polyphonic.
"Hallelujah Chorus" is the centerpiece of the second act of a three-part oratorio. It was written for a baroque orchestra and a choir with four voices: soprano, alto, tenor and bass. The lyrics (script) are taken from the Bible. In Handel's oratorios, solo operatic performances usually dominate, with occasional additions from the chorus. In Messiah, however, the choral work drives the dramatic response to the message of God's intervention in human affairs and has the same status as the soloist's aria. The ending culminates with the rhythmic continuation of the word Hallelujah throughout. When listening to "Hallelujah Chorus" according to the listening guide, note that all three structures are present: monophonic, harmonic and polyphonic. "Hallelujah Choir" is based on a few lines of text repeated in different ways.
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TRUE/FALSE.The proper cutoff of inventories is best achieved when receiving reports and purchase invoices surrounding the year-end are examined.
The statement The proper cutoff of inventories is best achieved when receiving reports and purchase invoices surrounding the year-end are examined is true as The proper cutoff of inventories is best achieved when receiving reports and purchase invoices surrounding the year-end are examined.
This is because the cutoff date for inventory is typically the end of the accounting period, and any inventory received or shipped before or after that date should be accounted for in the appropriate period
. By examining receiving reports and purchase invoices, a company can ensure that inventory is properly accounted for in the correct period and that the inventory balance reported in the financial statements is accurate.
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EXTERNAL TOOL ६ Course Access Which of the following quotes from the president's speech best explains the goals of the Great Society? "It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice, to which we are totally committed in our time." "Many of you will live to see the day, perhaps 50 years from now, when there will be 400 million Americans- "The water we drink, the food we eat, the very air that we breathe, are threatened with pollution. Our parks ar *Nearly 54 million-more than one quarter of all America-have not even finished high school."
"It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice, to which we are totally committed in our time." best explains the goals of the Great Society.
What is poverty?
Poverty is a state or condition of having inadequate resources, whether material or financial, to meet basic human needs such as food, shelter, and clothing. It is often characterized by a lack of access to education, healthcare, and other essential services. Poverty can be absolute, meaning a person is unable to meet their basic needs, or relative, meaning a person's standard of living is significantly lower than that of the average population in their society.
What is racial injustice?
Racial injustice refers to the unfair treatment of individuals or groups based on their race or ethnicity. It can take many forms, such as discrimination in hiring, housing, education, or the criminal justice system, as well as hate crimes, racial profiling, and police brutality. Racial injustice is a systemic problem that results from institutional and structural racism, as well as individual biases and prejudices. It leads to unequal opportunities, unequal outcomes, and unequal access to resources and services based on race, which can have serious and lasting effects on individuals and communities.
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Hawks in both parties condemned Biden's compromise with Russia. First, they hoped that Washington could intervene with decisive military assistance; Then they were convinced that Putin would yield if the United States threatened to intervene militarily. However, the opposition of the Republicans is not as loud as before, because they still remember the controversial relationship between Trump and Russia.
Answer: A speaker's definition of a family (resource unknown):
Explanation:
Actually, sociologists don't agree very much about how to define family, but probably the vast majority of sociologists don't always bother to ask that question directly – they tend to sidestep it. I think anthropologists are a bit more careful here because anthropologists almost always are focusing on comparing one culture to another, and too often sociologists – not all sociologists but many sociologists – work within their own countries and tend to take for granted the definition of family that they presume is most widespread there. There are sociologists who challenge the definitions, and there certainly are some interesting conversations about what counts as a family. What's really interesting is that the public does tend to agree more on what counts as a family than sociologists probably do or that most politicians do. Most people today when they are polled will tell you that a family are people who love and take care of each other, which is actually a worldly revolutionary definition of family, because historically family has always been defined much more by issues of social obligation and reproduction and economic interdependency and religious constraints and things like that. So, our families have changed dramatically and I'm not sure that sociologists have always been able to keep up as well as maybe even people who are living their lives are able to.
Classroom eText definition of a family (Chapter 4: Socialization and the Life Course (page 85)
For most people, the family is the first source of socialization. Through families, children are introduced to the expectations of society. Children learn to see themselves through their parents’ eyes. How parents define and treat a child is crucial to the development of the child’s sense of self.
What children learn in families is certainly not uniform. Even though families pass on the expectations of a given culture, families within that culture may be highly diverse, as we will see in Chapter 13. Some families may emphasize educational achievement over physical activity; some may be more permissive, whereas others emphasize strict obedience and discipline. Within families, children may experience different expectations based on gender or birth order (being born first, second, or third). Living in a family experiencing the strain of social problems such as alcoholism, unemployment, domestic violence, or teen pregnancy also affects how children are socialized. The specific effects of different family structures and processes are the basis for ongoing and extensive sociological research.
Sociologists have also found that there are significant class differences in how children are socialized in families. By observing families in different social classes over an extended period of time, sociologist Annette Lareau found that children raised in upper- and middle-class families are given highly structured activities, such as music lessons, organized sports and clubs, language instruction, and other activities that both fill the family calendar and give children little free time. Cultivated childhood is the result as children in the upper and middle classes learn to navigate institutions and interact with authority figures in ways that will benefit them later in life. Working-class children, on the other hand, have much more unstructured childhoods, allowing them to create their own activities, but leaving them without the same skills to successfully navigate social institutions, such as school and work, later in life. In this sense, childhood socialization in families reproduces a system of inequality that advantages those who already have resources and disadvantages everyone else (Lareau 2011).
As important as the family is in socializing the young, it is not the only socialization agent. As children grow up, they encounter other socializing influences, sometimes in ways that might contradict family expectations. Even parents who want to socialize their children in less gender-stereotyped ways might be frustrated by the influence of other socializing forces, which promote highly gender-typed toys and activities to boys and girls. These multiple influences on the socialization process create what sociologist Emily Kane has called “the gender trap,” meaning the expectations and structures that reproduce gender norms, even when parents try to resist them (Kane 2012).
