Exposure Status Cases Controls Yes 11 108 No 5 436 Total 16 544 Calculate the odds ratio. What do you conclude based upon your results

Answer:

[tex]Ratio = 8.8[/tex]

The exposure may be risk factor.

Explanation:

Given

[tex]\begin{array}{ccc}{Exposure\ Status} & {Cases} & {Control} & {Yes} & {11} & {108} & {No} & {5} & {436} & {Total} & {16} & {544} \ \end{array}[/tex]

Required

The odd ratio

First, we calculate the odds of exposure using:

[tex]Odds = \frac{With\ Exposure(Yes)}{Without\ Exposure (No)}[/tex]

For cases, we have:

[tex]Odds_{Cases} = \frac{11}{5}[/tex]

[tex]Odds_{Cases} = 2.20[/tex]

For controls, we have:

[tex]Odds_{Controls} = \frac{108}{436}[/tex]

[tex]Odds_{Controls} = 0.25[/tex]

So, the odds' ratio is:

[tex]Ratio = \frac{Odds_{Cases}}{Odds_{Controls}}[/tex]

[tex]Ratio = \frac{2.20}{0.25}[/tex]

[tex]Ratio = 8.8[/tex]

Conclusion about the odds' ratio

The calculated ratio is greater than (and also far from) 1.

This implies that there is a greater exposure than the controls.

So, we can conclude that the exposure may be risk factor.

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Can someone please help me with this?
John is a 35-year-old male (he/him) administrative assistant who enjoys playing baseball on weekends. During one of their games, John began running from first to second base. As he pushed off to start running, John heard a pop and felt a sharp pain in his right calf as though he had just been kicked in the back of his leg. John fell to the ground and experienced significant pain when putting weight on his right leg. John tried to walk but had to be carried off the field and was taken to the emergency department. At the hospital, it was noted that John had significant swelling at the back of his right leg, had a palpable and visible deformity in the distal calf, and was only able to put small amounts of weight on his right leg. The emergency doctor squeezed the back of John’s right calf and noticed that the ankle would not plantarflex. An x-ray and blood work were ordered which came back without any significant findings.”


Case Study Questions:
1. Explain the possible anatomical structures that were affected by the injury and how each relates to John’s presenting symptoms and test results (250 word maximum).


2. Identify and explain three differential diagnoses (diseases or conditions that present similar signs and symptoms that could possibly account for the patient's symptoms) with appropriate justifications. After describing your three differential diagnoses, indicate the most likely diagnosis based on your analysis and provide rationale and support for your selection.

3. From an anatomy point of view:

a) Propose a management plan for the most likely diagnosis. This should include the treatment options you would implement given your patient's presenting symptoms. You should provide short- and long-term goals for the patient and a timeline on when you would implement each treatment. There may be several possible treatments you could prescribe to your patient. Include support, justification, and evidence for your prescribed treatment(s) and management plan.

b) Explain the effects of your management plan for your patient's condition. From the management plan you've proposed, what effects will each treatment have on the patient's anatomy? Include any positive and negative effects this plan may have on the patient.

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