Explain the historical and contemporary significance of
science in shaping understandings about race. What were the
consequence(s) of science relative to the construction of racial
categories and the human condition (i.e., life outcomes and
access to opportunities) of African Americans and other
people of color within the United States? (provide appropriate
cites where necessary).

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

huh

Explanation:

Donald Trump’s election as the 45th President of the United States has been marked by the brewing storms of racial conflicts. A rise in racial incidents ensued in the immediate aftermath of Trump’s victory in November 2016. Since the beginning of 2017, over 100 bomb threats have been made against Jewish community centers and schools. Trump’s travel ban, signed in late January 2017, initially affected about 90,000 people from seven Middle Eastern countries; 87,000 of those banned were Muslims. Minorities such as American Muslims and black Americans have expressed fears over racial relations under Trump. Undeniably, the topic of race—and racism—has gripped America and the world throughout.

Over the last decade, there have been hopes that the US has become a post-racial society, free of racial prejudice and discrimination. However, the most recent months indicate the contrary: race remains an incendiary issue. Race and racism are not new issues, but in today’s 21st century Trump-era, discussions about race are distinct from those of the past in that they possess an entirely new dimension: that of genetics and DNA.

Race in the new era of human genetics research

In 2003, scientists completed the Human Genome Project, making it finally possible to examine human ancestry with genetics. Scientists have since tackled topics such as human migrations out of Africa and around the world. And it’s not just scientists who are excited about human genetics: widely affordable at-home ancestry test kits are now readily available from companies like 23andMe, Family Tree DNA, and Ancestry. For $99—around the price of a romantic dinner or a pair of Nikes—a customer can receive an analysis from 23andMe indicating that they are, for instance, 18.0% Native American, 65.1% European and 6.2% African.

The soaring popularity of ancestry testing bespeaks a widespread perception that we can use these tests to dissect, delineate, and define our ancestral composition. Indeed, social media is teeming with blog posts, and even livestream videos, from excited customers bursting to broadcast their test results and their reactions. Ancestry test kits are the new “it” item—and with their success is the tacit admission of our belief that our DNA can sort us into categories like the “five races:” African, European, Asian, Oceania, and Native American (Figure 1A).

Figure 1. ‘Race’ cannot be biologically defined due to genetic variation among human individuals and populations. (A) The old concept of the “five races:” African, Asian, European, Native American, and Oceanian. According to this view, variation between the races is large, and thus, the each race is a separate category. Additionally, individual races are thought to have a relatively uniform genetic identity. (B) Actual genetic variation in humans. Human populations do roughly cluster into geographical regions. However, variation between different regions is small, thus blurring the lines between populations. Furthermore, variation within a single region is large, and there is no uniform identity.  

Figure 1: ‘Race’ cannot be biologically defined due to genetic variation among human individuals and populations. (A) The old concept of the “five races:” African, Asian, European, Native American, and Oceanian. According to this view, variation between the races is large, and thus, the each race is a separate category. Additionally, individual races are thought to have a relatively uniform genetic identity. (B) Actual genetic variation in humans. Human populations do roughly cluster into geographical regions. However, variation between different regions is small, thus blurring the lines between populations. Furthermore, variation within a single region is large, and there is no uniform identity.

New findings in genetics tear down old ideas about race

Estimating our ancestral composition down to 0.1% seem to suggest that there are exact, categorical divisions between human populations. But reality is far less simple. Compared to the general public’s enthusiasm for ancestry testing, the reaction from scientists has been considerably more lukewarm. Research indicates that the concept of “five races” does, to an extent, describe the way human populations are distributed among the continents—but the lines between races are much more blurred than ancestry testing companies would have us believe (Figure 1B).

A landmark 2002 study by Stanford scientists examined the question of human diversity by looking at the distribution across seven major geographical regions of 4,000 alleles. Alleles are the different “flavors” of a gene. For instance, all humans have the same genes that code for hair: the different alleles are why hair comes in all types of colors and textures.

Answer 2
They all want it to there self

Related Questions

PLZ HELP ME ASAP! Which statement explains this rise in the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam during the 1960s?
During the 1960s, several Communist controlled nations joined the Vietnam War on the side of the Vietcong.
Despite U.S. efforts, South Vietnam could not prevent a takeover by North Vietnam on its own.
President Johnson worried that a small presence in Vietnam would encourage Soviet aggression in the region.
Military commanders warned that a civil war would break out in Vietnam without a sizeable peacekeeping force in place.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is Despite US efforts, South Vietnam could not prevent a takeover by North Vietnam on its own.

Explanation:

Hope this helps.

why are presidential election considered to be indirect election

Answers

Explanation:

The Electoral College is a method of indirect popular election of the President of the United States. Instead of voting for a specific candidate, voters in an indirect popular election select a panel of individuals pledged to vote for a specific candidate. ... These electors, in turn, vote for the presidential candidate.

Answer:

An election with electoral delegates is an election in which voters do not choose between candidates for an office, but elect people who then choose. It is one of the oldest forms of elections, and is used by many countries for heads of state (such as presidents), cabinets, heads of government (such as prime ministers), and/or upper houses. It is also used for some supranational legislatures.

Positions that are indirectly elected may be chosen by a permanent body (such as a parliament) or by a special body convened solely for that purpose (such as an electoral college).

In nearly all cases the body that controls the executive branch (such as a cabinet) is elected indirectly. This includes the cabinets of most parliamentary systems; members of the public elect the parliamentarians, who then elect the cabinet. Upper houses, especially in federal republics, are often indirectly elected, either by the corresponding lower house or cabinet. Similarly, supranational legislatures can be indirectly elected by constituent countries' legislatures or executive governments. The indirect democracy is run by electoral college or president

Explanation:

Should Indian casinos be permitted to operate?” “Should they be regulated?”  “Don’t they create a moral dilemma?​

Answers

1-As a general rule and in ordinary circumstances, the simple answer would be “no,” tribes are not required to follow the state orders. Under federal law, federally recognized tribes are semi-sovereign nations that exercise governmental powers and sovereignty over their members and territory.

The American Revolution was an attempt by the patriots to

Answers

The American revolution was not only an attempt to break away from Great Britain but to show that the 13 colonies were sick and tired of paying for an empires own war debt despite living over 2000 something miles away from said country and wanted to govern themselves fairly

which early governing group of the united states adopted the articles of confedertion and ratified it before the end of the revolutionary war
A. First continental congress
B. Second continental congress
C. Sons of liberty

Answers

Answer:

A. The first continental congress

Explanation:

The first continental congress were for the articles of confederation. They were excited to have their first rules of governing away from British rule and something that was completely their own.

tell me the story of alec issigonis​

Answers

Answer:Sir Alex Issigonis Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine Issigonis Full (born Nov 18, 1906, Smyrna [now İzmir] Tu (Died Oct. 2, 1988, Birmingham, England) British car designer who created the best-selling low-cost Mini and the ever-popular Morris Minor.

The son of Greek merchant Issigonis emigrated to London in 1922 during the war between Greece and Turkey. After studying engineering, he joined Morris Motors in 1984. was born in 1936 as a suspension designer. There he developed the Morris Minor, which remained in production from 1948 to 1971. The reliable car with excellent steering and cornering was the first British car to cross one million sales. The surviving models are still a favorite of owners and collectors.

After working elsewhere for a short time in the early 1950s, Issigonis returned to what became British Motor Corp. in 1959, in response to the Suez (1956) energy crisis and the popularity of Germany's Volkswagen Beetle. He introduced the affordable and fuel-efficient box Mini, which uses a transversely positioned engine to drive the front wheels, a radical design at the time and capable of carrying four passengers despite being only 10 feet (3 meters) long. Its practicality and affordability make it an instant hit. By the time Issigonis had died, more than five million had been sold.

Issigonis became a friend of the Royal Society in 1967 and knighted in 1969.

Explanation:

Why Italy is the cradle of Renaissance architecture

Answers

Explanation:

the renaissance was a rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman thinking and style, and both the Roman and Greek civilizations were Mediterranean cultures, as is Italy. the best single reason for Italy as the birthplace of the renaissance was the concentration of wealth, power and intellect in the church

Jake worried about moving to a new town with his family. He thought
that he'd have a tough time making new friends. On his first day of
school, Jake sat at his desk silently. He didn't speak during class, and
he sat alone during lunch.
At the end of the day, Jake walked home from school and saw Elise, a
student from his class, picking up books that had fallen out of her
backpack. Jake stopped to help Elise pick up the books. He then
introduced himself and held out his hand.
Jake soon learned that Elise lived a few doors down from his new
house, so they walked home together. As they talked, they realized that
they both liked soccer and science fiction. By the time Jake got home,
he knew he had made a friend.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is c because none of the others make much sense

Explanation:

C. You receive friendship when you give friendship.

This is the moral of this little story.

Compare and contrast the policies of Louis XVIII and Charles X.

Answers

Explanation:

They were both rather reactionary intent on rolling back the revolution but Louis XVIII.   Both were monarchs who seeked to crush those against their will and impose their images as the legitimate rulers. Louis XVIII was more moderate and a consensus builder who often selected centrist oriented ministers to help the French people and shunned violence used against former members of the Bonapartist regime.  He also made no attempts to overturn the constitutional monachy and respected elections.  Charles X was a brutal autocrat who was extremely reactionary and hoped to restore France to the ancien regime.  He selected his fellow ultra royalists as his ministers who did not care about the interests of the French people.  Charles X also attempted to override the charter that had create the constitutional monarchy of the Bourbon restoration.  Charles was overthrown in the Revolution of 1830 which installed a more liberal king, Louis Phillipe.  

what is meaning of importance​

Answers

Answer:

sorry i dont know

Explanation:

How did nationalism contribute to global conflicts following World War 1

Answers

Answer:

Nationalism helped lead to world War one because it lead to conflict. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated due to nationalism

What is the main function of the executive branch of the state government?
OA.
to enforce state laws
O B.
to enforce federal laws
C.
to decide whether to adopt federal laws
D.
to pass state laws

Answers

I
Will go for D because it makes more sense then the other ones

8. The following poster is from WWII.


Why did the U.S. government produce posters like these during World War II?

A. to recruit soldiers
B. to fight espionage
C. to prohibit price gouging
D. to ration natural resources


9. The following chart describes actions of the U.S government following World War II.


The Federal-Aid Highway
Act of 1944:
Increased funds for
federal-aid highway
programs to create a
national system of
interstate highways
The Federal-Aid Highway
Act of 1956:
Planned to link 90 percent
of the cities with
populations of 50,000 or
greater and many other
cities and towns



What was the major result of these acts?


A. Prevented the decline of small town industries
B. Avoided the shortage of farm laborers in rural areas
C. Met the transportation demands of growing suburbs
D. Accommodated the influx of migrants into inner-city areas

Answers

Question 8 is B, to find espionage. Can't help with 9 sorry

what led to ancient china's isolation

Answers

Answer:

hope this helps, let me know if it doesn't and i can look deeper into it.

Explanation:

dry deserts to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, and impassable mountains to the south. This enabled the Chinese to develop independently from other world civilizations.

What is prohibited in a command economy? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY.

Answers

Answer:

The personal ownership of property

The influence of consumer demand

Explanation:

In a command economy, the government has full control of the economy, and the citizens had no ownership of any type of asset. This gives the government the power to determine the price of products even if it's stray away from the flow of consumer demand.

Answer: is these  ones

c. the personal ownership of property.

d. the influence of consumer demand.

Explanation:

Two major religious founded in India include

Answers

The Indian subcontinent is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions: namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—collectively known as Indian religions that believe Moksha is the most supreme state of the Ātman (soul).

How does chronological thinking help a historian when studying history ?

Answers

Answer:

The right answer should be A) Chronological thinking helps the historian organize events in the order in which they occurred.

Explanation:

Why do you think there has not yet been a woman president in the United States?

Answers

That is because of the harmful narrative that women are weak and too emotional to be in positions of power.

S. No. Name of
Article
Type of Fibre
(Natural/
artificial)

Answers

Answer:

No. Name of Article,Type of Fibre r (Natural/ artificial)

tis ans is in pic

Explanation:

What did the slave ships transport in the last leg of the triangular trade path?

Answers

Answer:

Barcos de esclavos procedentes de Gran Bretaña partían de Londres, Liverpool y Bristol para el África Occidental, transportando tela, armas, artículos de ferretería y bebidas, mercancías todas de producción local

The establishment of the British Raj created which major change in India?
(Image with answer choices attached)

Answers

Answer:

your should be letter a as your answer

Passages from which two texts reflect a shift in how the British colonies/United States wrote about indigenous people but not in how they
treated them?

Answers

British colonists did not write about the indigenous people due to their bad behaviour and mistreatment with them.

British colonies wrote about indigenous people that live in the United States of America but not write about the treatment they perform with indigenous people because they mistreated and do cruel behaviour with them.

The British colonists considered themselves superior to indigenous people and some of them considered these indigenous people not even human and that's why they mistreated them and do wicked things with them so that's why they did not write about their treatment and behaviour with indigenous people due to their bad behaviour and cruel behaviour.

Please learn more: https://brainly.com/question/24414328

Answer:

the Declaration of Independence and the Northwest Ordinance

Explanation:

edmentum answer

Melting point of ice of pure water​

Answers

Explanation:

a. Melting point of ice of pure water - iii. 0 c

b. SI unit of area - v. m2

c. SI unit of volume - i. m3

d. Boiling point of water - ii. 100 c

e. The scientific learning begins from - iv. observation

Were European goods (foodstuffs, weapons, tools) a help or a detriment to the Indian tribes that acquired them?

Answers

Answer:

Fur traders like John Hollis in the Chesapeake traded the beads to other Indian tribes for beaver pelts, which were then sold for tobacco ...

Explanation:

Was the American Revolution a revolution overthrowing a foreign government or a civil war between American colonists?

Answers

it was a civil war between American colonists because it was within the British empire, it was later an international war once spain and france joined in.

Explain the rise of populism in Latin America during the 20th century.

Help ASAP please

Answers

Answer:

The rise of populism in Latin America in the mid-twentieth century...

The rise of populism in Latin America in the mid-twentieth century has its roots in which of the following?  

rapid urbanization and rising social inequality in the midst of global economic depression

spread of Marxist literature throughout Latin America

increased manufacturing of consumer goods

the 1929 world crisis

Populism has been an important force in Latin American political history, where many charismatic leaders have emerged since the beginning of the 20th century, as the paramountcy of agrarian oligarchies had been dislocated by the onset of industrial capitalism, allowing for the emergence of an industrial bourgeoisie and the activation of an urban working class,[9] causing the emergence of reformist and multi-class nationalist politics, centered on a charismatic leadership,[10] such as Aprismo in Peru, the MNR in Bolivia, and the political movements gravitating around Getúlio Vargas in Brazil, Perón in Argentina, Lazaro Cárdenas in Mexico, Ecuador's Velasco Ibarra and others.

Do you know this it is for social studies

Answers

is it a dance class?

explain any 3 factor that affect the mortality rate of nepal

Answers

Previous studies that examined child mortality in Nepal found that the use of antenatal Iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation; tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination during pregnancy; lack of skilled birth attendance, lack of antenatal care (ANC) visits; older maternal age; use of polluting fuel; higher parity, mortality

Please mark me as the brainliest

Do extinction events such as the Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction event prove the Great Chain of Being wrong?
indeed I would assume so.
Can someone explain this in detail because I have been informed my whole life that the great chain of being is true.

Answers

Answer:

Assuming your referring to the Christian "Great Chain of Being" then no.

Explanation:

(I will try to be as unbiased as possible)

Just to clarify for anyone who is uniformed on what exactly the Great Chain of Being is... it is a hierarchy chart which first surfaced in Medieval Europe which goes in order as... God, Angelic Beings, Humanity, Animals, Plants, Minerals.

In the Bible it is stated numerous times (I can find the specific page and such if needed) that "great beasts" roamed the earth... now there is no historical or scientific evidence this was referring directly to Dinosaurs but there is evidence that mass extinction events have occurred all throughout history and some are event mentioned in the bible itself (The Great Flood) It is thought that about 75% of all animal life on earth was wiped out (Also most believe that some form of Humanity was alive during the supposed asteroid strike) which means that if you are arguing that a mass extinction event would mean that Great Chain of Being or basically the existence of God then you would be wrong. (Again being unbiased here, there is also no evidence that there is a "God" or Gods)

I hope this could help, my apologies if it didn't. If you need any more elaboration I will gladly try my best to help out down in the comments

What is one of the advantages of globalization?

A) greater markets for goods and services
B) better communication among countries
C) improved ability to monitor economic trends
D) expanded capacity for selling and buying

help!!!!!!!!!

Answers

The correct answer is A. Greater markets for goods and services.

Explanation

Globalization is the name of the global trend that is based on the idea of free relations between countries in many aspects such as political, economic, technological, social, and cultural. One of the main characteristics of globalization is that it has allowed the world to the place interconnected. One of the industries that has most benefited from globalization has been that of goods and services because the interconnection of countries has allowed these services and goods to have no borders to be traded and can be offered to different parts of the world. According to the above, the correct answer is A.

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