Answer:
D
Explanation:
I had this question before :)
a student finds an unlabeled bottle of liquid under his kitchen sink. which investigation would best help him identify the unknown liquid as acidic, basic, or neutral?
Titration is the best investigation to identify an unknown liquid as acidic, basic, or neutral by measuring its pH level.
A student finds an unlabeled bottle of liquid under his kitchen sink. Titration is the investigation that would best help him identify the unknown liquid as acidic, basic, or neutral.
Titration is the chemical method used to find the amount of acid or base in a given substance. This method is a laboratory technique used to measure the concentration of a known solution (the titrant) with a solution of an unknown concentration (the analyte).
The unknown solution is slowly added to the known solution until it reacts completely, allowing us to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution. Titration may be used to identify an unknown solution as acidic, neutral, or basic by determining its pH level. It's a highly precise technique that's often used in analytical chemistry laboratories to measure the concentration of chemicals.
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a 25.00 ml monoprotic strong acid solution was titrated with 0.09014 m naoh. 8.781 ml of naoh was required to reach the endpoint of the titration. calculate the number of moles of naoh used in this titration.
The number of moles of NaOH used in this titration of a 25.00 ml monoprotic strong acid solution is 0.0007919 moles.
In order to find out the number of moles of NaOH used in a titration, we can use the formula:
moles of NaOH = concentration of NaOH × volume of NaOH used in titration
Given:Volume of monoprotic strong acid solution = 25.00 mL
Concentration of NaOH = 0.09014 M
Volume of NaOH used in titration = 8.781 mL
We can convert mL to L by dividing it by 1000. So,Volume of monoprotic strong acid solution = 25.00 mL = 25.00/1000 L = 0.02500 L
moles of NaOH = concentration of NaOH × volume of NaOH used in titration= 0.09014 M × 8.781/1000 L= 0.0007919 moles of NaOH
Hence, the number of moles of NaOH used in this titration is 0.0007919 moles.
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Which of the following factors is unique for each substance when calculating the energy change associated with a change in temperature?A) massB) enthalpyC) temperature changeD) specific heat
The answer to this question is D) specific heat. When determining the energy change associated with a change in temperature, specific heat is a factor that is unique to each substance.
Specific heat- Specific heat is the amount of heat that must be added or removed from a unit of mass of a substance to increase or decrease its temperature by one degree Celsius or Kelvin. The amount of heat required to alter the temperature of a material varies depending on the nature of the substance. As a result, specific heat is a factor that is unique to each substance.
D) specific heat is correct because it is the unique factor for each substance when calculating the energy change associated with a change in temperature.
In conclusion, it is important to consider that when determining the energy change associated with a change in temperature, specific heat is a factor that is unique to each substance.
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Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base in each of the reactions. - C1- + AICI3 --> AICI4- ____ _____- BF3 +F- --> BF4-____ _____- NH3 + H+ --> NH4+____ _____
Each reaction's Lewis acid and Lewis base are as follows:
AlCl3 is the Lewis acid in the reaction, whereas Cl- is the Lewis base. F- is the Lewis base and BF3 is the Lewis acid in the reaction Cl- + AlCl3 --> AlCl4- BF3 + F- --> BF4-
The Lewis base in this reaction is NH3, and the Lewis acid is H+. NH3 + H+ --> NH4+
Explanation: A Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor in a Lewis acid-base reaction, whereas a Lewis base acts as an electron pair donor. In the initial reaction, Cl- provides AlCl3 with a pair of electrons, which AlCl3 accepts to produce AlCl4-. As a result, AlCl3 is the Lewis acid and Cl- is the Lewis base. In the subsequent response, F- provides two pairs. BF3 takes the electrons and transforms them into BF4-. Hence, the Lewis bases are F- and BF3, respectively. In the third reaction, H+ absorbs a pair of electrons from NH3 and forms NH4+ as a result. As a result, the Lewis bases are NH3 and H+.
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A change that is useful for the environment and living things is called
The change that is useful for the environment and living things is called "positive environmental change."
Positive environmental change refers to any alteration or modification in the environment that improves or benefits living organisms' well-being. Examples of positive environmental changes include reducing pollution, conserving water, using renewable energy sources, and recycling waste products. Positive environmental change is essential to ensure a sustainable future and to maintain the planet's biodiversity.
It can be achieved by implementing new policies, practices, and technologies that promote sustainable development and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Positive environmental change can also help to address climate change and other environmental challenges faced by humanity. By taking positive steps to protect the environment, we can ensure that future generations can also enjoy a healthy, prosperous, and sustainable planet.
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what gas law(two varible relationship) is employed to deflate a football? state the name and show the equation
The gas law that is employed to deflate a football is Boyle's law.
Boyle's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of the gas are inversely proportional to each other. The equation for Boyle's law is:
[tex]P_{1} V_{1} /P_{2} V_{2}[/tex]
Where [tex]P_{1}[/tex] is the initial pressure of the gas, [tex]V_{1}[/tex] is the initial volume of the gas,[tex]P_{2}[/tex] is the final pressure of the gas, and [tex]V_{2[/tex] is the final volume of the gas. In the case of deflating a football, the pressure of the air inside the football is reduced by letting some of the air out. The volume of the football decreases as the pressure decreases, and this is in accordance with Boyle's law.
Therefore, The Boyle's Law is used to deflate a football. It states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, when the temperature is constant.
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Balance the equation. H3PO4 → H4P₂O7 +
H₂O
Answer:
2,1,1
Explanation:
which system provided here, if any, would be best modeled by an ideal solution? if any of the solutions are non-ideal, discuss whether the scatchard-hildebrand approach would be appropriate to model the non-idealities. explain your answer. (i) ethane n-decane (ii) water 1-butanol (iii) benzene toluene
The systems that would be best modeled by an ideal solution are (i) ethane n-decane, (iii) benzene toluene. If any of the solutions are non-ideal, the Scatchard-Hildebrand approach would be appropriate to model the non-idealities. A solution is said to be ideal if the solution behaves like an ideal gas, which means that there are no intermolecular interactions between the molecules of the components. i.e., the solution will obey Raoult's law.
The systems that would be best modeled by an ideal solution are(i) ethane n-decane(ii) water 1-butanol(iii) benzene toluene. An ideal solution occurs when the components of a mixture form a homogeneous mixture that does not exhibit deviations from Raoult's law. Since the ideal mixture is composed of solvent and solute, it is impossible to completely exclude interactions between the two components.
It is best suited for non-polar and small polar solutes. In this way, the non-ideality of the solution can be predicted. Therefore, if any of the solutions are non-ideal, the Scatchard-Hildebrand approach would be appropriate to model the non-idealities.
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For the reaction C + 2H2 → CH4, how many grams of carbon are required to produce 7.8 moles of methane, CH4 ?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Carbon 12
Answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
C + 2H2 → CH4
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of carbon reacts with 2 moles of hydrogen to produce 1 mole of methane. Therefore, to produce 7.8 moles of methane, we would need:
1 mole of carbon = 1 mole of CH4 / 2 moles of H2 = 1/2 mole of CH4
7.8 moles of CH4 = 7.8 × (1/2) moles of C = 3.9 moles of C
Now, we can use the molar mass of carbon to convert moles to grams:
Atomic mass of carbon (C) = 12.01 g/mol
3.9 moles of C × 12.01 g/mol = 46.8 g of C
Therefore, we need 46.8 grams of carbon to produce 7.8 moles of methane (CH4). Rounded to the nearest tenth, the answer is 46.8 grams.
the procedure for making zeolite is carried out in an acidic medium. true or false
The statement "the procedure for making zeolite is carried out in an acidic medium" is False.
Zeolite is a crystalline aluminosilicate mineral that occurs naturally.
It is widely used in various applications, including water purification, agriculture, and petrochemical refining.
Zeolites can be synthesized in the laboratory using different methods, such as hydrothermal and sol-gel methods.
The zeolite synthesis process is carried out in an alkaline or basic medium, not in an acidic medium.
Alkaline solutions, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, are commonly used to initiate the synthesis reaction, which involves the reaction of a source of silica, such as silicate, with a source of alumina, such as aluminate, in the presence of water and other chemical agents.
There are various types of zeolites with different chemical compositions, crystal structures, and properties.
The specific synthesis conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time, can also affect the final properties of the zeolite.
Therefore, the synthesis of zeolites requires precise control of the reaction conditions to obtain the desired properties.
Zeolites have a unique structure that can adsorb and exchange ions and molecules.
This property makes them useful in various applications, such as catalysis, separation, and ion exchange.
Zeolites can also be modified or functionalized to enhance their properties for specific applications.
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Why is a physical property not a characteristic of matter that you can’t observe or measure without changing the identity of matter
Answer:
Characteristics of matter change due to chemical changes, not physical ones. Physical properties can be determined without changing the substance's chemical identity
Explanation:
Which of the following substances is excreted by sweat glands in response to the break down of proteins and the formation of ammonia?A) waterB) ureaC) lysozymesD) sebum
The correct answer is B) Urea. Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism, and is released from the body through sweat, where the ammonia and other waste products form urea.
What are lysozymes?Lysozymes are enzymes that are naturally produced in most living organisms. They are responsible for helping to break down peptidoglycan, a substance found in the cell walls of various bacteria. This helps to prevent bacterial growth and spread, as well as helping to keep the cells intact. Lysozymes are also known to act as an antimicrobial agent, helping to destroy the cell walls of some types of bacteria.
How sebum is produced?Sebum is an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands of the skin. The sebaceous gland is located in the hair follicles and it is responsible for secreting the sebum. Sebum production is regulated by hormones and usually occurs when the body needs more moisture (such as during puberty). Sebum can act as a barrier to protect the skin and prevent it from drying out. It helps to keep the skin hydrated, soft and supple. In addition, it helps to reduce bacterial buildup on skin. Sebum is also responsible for giving skin its natural glow.
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WHAT IS THE MASS OF O2 GIVEN THE EQUATION: 4FE + 3O2 --> 2FE2O3
Answer: I think its 111.6
Explanation:
When scientists discovered that atoms are composed of smaller particles, why didn’t they reject atomic theory?
When scientists first discovered that atoms were composed of smaller particles, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, they did not reject atomic theory because the experimental evidence supported the idea that atoms were still the fundamental building blocks of matter.
Instead of rejecting atomic theory, scientists modified it to incorporate the new information about the structure of atoms. For example, Ernest Rutherford's famous gold foil experiment in 1911 showed that atoms had a small, positively charged nucleus at their center, which was surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
This discovery led to the development of the modern model of the atom, which is still based on the idea that atoms are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element. However, the model has been updated to reflect our current understanding of the subatomic particles that make up atoms.
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choose the elements that are metalloids look for applications of these elements in real life argon antimony boron mercury calcium zinc germanium silicon selenium astatine
Answer:
Boron,silicon,germanium,arsenic,antimony,tellurium, polonium, astatine.
Determine if the following statements are true and false. Type true or false in the space provided.Part ATo rinse the entire inner surface of the buret, one should add water from a wash bottle while rotating the buret.Part BRinsing the buret with water is always enough to clean the buret.Part CTo clean the inner surface of the buret, one should wash it with soapy water three times .Part DAfter rinsing with water and soapy water solution, one can add the titrating solution and begin the titration.Part EAlways rinse a buret with the titration solution three times before beginning a titration.
Part A: True.
Part B: False. Rinsing with water may not be enough to clean the buret completely.
Part C: False. Soapy water should not be used to clean a buret since it can leave residue.
Part D: False. After rinsing with water and soapy water solution, the buret should be rinsed with distilled water and dried before adding the titrating solution.
Part E: False. The buret should be rinsed with the titration solution only once before beginning a titration.
Titration is a laboratory procedure used to compare a solution's concentration to that of a reference solution with known concentration. It entails gradually mixing the standard solution into the sample solution up until the reaction is finished, which can be detected by a colour change or another quantifiable signal.
In many disciplines, including chemistry, medicine, and environmental research, titration is used. It can be used to quantify the quantity of a certain component in a sample, examine the concentration of acids and bases, and ascertain the purity of a substance.
Titration calls for exact volume and concentration measurements, as well as safe chemical handling and disposal. There are several different kinds of titration techniques, including complexometric, redox, and acid-base titration.
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1. Analysis of a 50-g sample of a liquid compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen showed it to contain 9.5 g C, 3.40 g H, and 5.71 g N. What is the percent composition of Hydrogen?
The chemical contains 18.26% hydrogen in terms of percentage.
What is mass?A fundamental physical characteristic of matter is mass, which expresses how much matter is present in an item. It serves as a gauge for an object's resistance to acceleration, therefore the more massive an object, the more force is needed to move it.
How do you determine it?Calculating the total mass of the compound and the mass of the hydrogen in the compound is necessary to determine the percent composition of hydrogen in the compound.
mass of compound = sum of masses of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
mass of the mixture= 9.5 g + 3.40 g + 5.71 g
Mass of the compound= 18.61 g.
The compound's mass of hydrogen is:
mass of hydrogen=3.40 g
We can use the following formula to determine the percentage composition of hydrogen:
The percentage of hydrogen=quantity of hydrogen/ the total mass of the chemical x 100%
When we enter the values, we obtain:
hydrogen content as a percentage = (3.40 g/18.61 g) x 100% = 18.26%
Thus, 18.26% of the compound is hydrogen, according to its percent composition.
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fermentation in certain types of yeast occurs in the ___________ of oxygen.
Fermentation in certain types of yeast occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Fermentation is an anaerobic metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, which converts sugar into cellular energy, primarily adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and produces carbon dioxide and alcohol as waste products. Fermentation is used in a variety of industrial and food production processes. Yeast, a type of fungus, is used to ferment carbohydrates and produce carbon dioxide and alcohol in bread baking, winemaking, and beer brewing. Lactobacilli bacteria are used in the production of yogurt and cheese by fermenting milk lactose.
There are two types of fermentation processes: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
Alcoholic fermentation is a metabolic process that produces alcohol and carbon dioxide from carbohydrates, typically sugars. Yeast and certain bacteria are the most common types of organisms that undergo alcoholic fermentation. In lactic acid fermentation, the bacteria or yeast convert the sugar into lactic acid instead of ethanol. The lack of oxygen in the fermentation process is an essential factor. During fermentation, oxygen is not required as it would serve as a toxin to the fermenting yeast, which is why it happens in the absence of oxygen. Yeast obtains energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through anaerobic respiration when oxygen is absent.for such more question on Fermentation
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consider an ideal gas of molecules, with n adsorbing sites. each site can be occupied or unoccupied by one or two of the ideal gas molecules. determine the average number of molcules adsorbed by the table
The average number of molecules adsorbed by the table is the number of different ways of placing a total of r particles on n adsorption sites when two particles can occupy each site given by (r + n-1) C (n-1).
This formula follows from the fact that each placement corresponds to choosing n-1 boundaries that divide the particles into n groups (each group may be empty) and then putting one group into each adsorption site. Thus the required number of ways is(r + n-1) C (n-1). The number of ways of placing r particles on n adsorption sites when one or two particles can occupy each site is the sum of the number of ways in which exactly one particle occupies a site and the number of ways in which two particles occupy a site. Each adsorption site can be either empty, occupied by one molecule, or occupied by two molecules. Therefore, there are three different states that each adsorption site can have. There are n adsorption sites, and therefore there are 3n different states that the table can have. Each state is characterized by the number of molecules adsorbed by the table. Therefore, the average number of molecules adsorbed by the table is given by the sum of the number of molecules adsorbed in each state, divided by the total number of states. The number of molecules adsorbed in each state is the sum of the number of molecules adsorbed by each adsorption site, overall adsorption sites. Therefore, the number of molecules adsorbed in each state is either 0, 1, or 2.
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What is the percentage by mass of hydrogen in glucose, C6H12O6?
Glucose has a molecular weight of 180.18 g/mol, while hydrogen has an atomic weight of 1.008 g/mol. As a result, glucose has a mass-based hydrogen content of around 7.48%.
With the molecular formula C6H12O6, or six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms, glucose is a simple sugar. The atomic weights of glucose's component atoms may be added to determine its molecular weight, which is 180.18 g/mol. We must ascertain the mass of the hydrogen atoms contained in one mole of glucose in order to calculate the proportion of hydrogen by mass in glucose. Twelve hydrogen atoms have a mass of 12.096 g/mol because their atomic weight is 1.008 g/mol. Hence, based on mass, glucose has a hydrogen concentration of approximately 7.48% (12.096/180.18 x 100%).
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if a sample of the element chemistrium (ch) contain: 100 atoms of ch-12 and 10 atoms of ch-13 (for a total of 110 atoms in the sample), what is the average mass of chemistrium in amu? a 12.1 b 12.3 c 12.5 d 13.1 e 13.3 f 13.5
The average mass of chemistrium (Ch) in amu is: 12.5 amu.
What is chemistrium (Ch)?Chemistrium is an element with the atomic number 106. It is a transactinide synthetic element with an atomic weight of 268 u. Until 2009, this element was known as unnilhexium (Unh). It was named chemistrium in honor of the chemistry in recognition of the Moscow-based Joint Institute for Nuclear Research's contributions to the synthesis of new elements.
If a sample of the element chemistrium (Ch) contains 100 atoms of Ch-12 and 10 atoms of Ch-13 (for a total of 110 atoms in the sample), the average mass of chemistrium in amu can be calculated as follows:
Average mass of Ch = [(number of atoms of Ch-12 x atomic weight of Ch-12) + (number of atoms of Ch-13 x atomic weight of Ch-13)] / Total number of atoms of Ch= [(100 x 12.000000) + (10 x 13.003355)] / 110= [1200.0000 + 130.03355] / 110= 1330.03355 / 110= 12.18212318 amu, which is rounded off to 12.5 amu.
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During the 'relative refractory period' of the action potential, the axolemma is more permeable to what?
During the relative refractory period of the action potential, the axolemma is more permeable to potassium ions.
What is axolemma?Axolemma refers to the plasma membrane that surrounds an axon. It is a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable, meaning that it only permits certain molecules and ions to pass through. The action potential is a temporary change in the electrical potential that travels along the axon of a neuron. An action potential is generated when the axon is depolarized, causing a brief, rapid reversal of the polarity of the axolemma. This reversal of polarity triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal into the synaptic cleft.
When an action potential is generated, the axolemma becomes more permeable to ions. During the relative refractory period, which is the period immediately following an action potential, the axolemma is more permeable to potassium ions. This increased permeability is due to the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels in the axolemma, which allows potassium ions to move out of the cell.
The relative refractory period is a time when it is harder to generate another action potential in the axon. This is because the threshold for depolarization is higher due to the increased permeability of the axolemma to potassium ions. However, it is still possible to generate another action potential if the stimulus is strong enough to overcome the increased threshold.
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The substrate below is _______ and ______ undergo an Sn2 reaction when treated with a strong nucleophile. a. primary: will b. primary: will not c. secondary: will d. secondary: will not e. tertiary: will f. tertiary: will not
The substrate below is primary and will undergo an [tex]SN^2[/tex] reaction when treated with a strong nucleophile. The correct answer is b. primary: will.
[tex]SN^2[/tex] reaction: [tex]SN^2[/tex] (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular) reaction is a type of reaction mechanism that can be used to describe specific sorts of nucleophilic substitution reactions, in which a central atom is substituted by a nucleophile.There are two key factors that determine the rate of the [tex]SN^2[/tex] reaction: the strength of the nucleophile and the steric hindrance of the substrate.Strong Nucleophile: A strong nucleophile is one that can effectively donate a pair of electrons to a substrate. Strong nucleophiles are classified as "good" nucleophiles, whereas weak nucleophiles are classified as "bad" nucleophiles. An [tex]SN^2[/tex] reaction is typically performed with a strong nucleophile.Substrate: In the [tex]SN^2[/tex]mechanism, primary and secondary alkyl halides are excellent substrates. This is because the carbon atoms in these compounds are not as hindered as those in tertiary alkyl halides. As a result, nucleophiles can readily approach them to displace the leaving group. The tertiary alkyl halides are not good substrates for [tex]SN^2[/tex] reactions because the steric hindrance is too great. Therefore, the substrate below is primary and will undergo an [tex]SN^2[/tex] reaction when treated with a strong nucleophile.Learn more about substitution nucleophilic bimolecular reaction: https://brainly.com/question/30631335
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(3marks) Question.07: Ammonia is produced when nitrogen and hydrogen gases react at high pressures and temperatures: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(g) At intervals, the system is cooled to between -10 °C and -20 °C, causing some of the ammonia to liquefy so that it can be separated from the remaining nitrogen and hydrogen gases. The gases are then recycled to make more ammonia An average ammonia plant might make 1000 metric tons of ammonia per day. When 4.0 x 107 L of hydrogen gas at 503 °C and 155 atm reacts with an excess of nitrogen, what is the maximu volume of gaseous ammonia that can be formed at 20.6 °C and 1.007 atm?
The volume of the ammonia that can be produced from the reaction that has been written is; 155 * 10^7 L
What is the ideal gas equation?We know that;
PV = nRT
For the hydrogen;
n = PV/RT
n = 155 * 4.0 x 10^7 /0.082 * 776
n = 620 * 10^7/63.63
n = 9.7 * 10^7 moles
Now the reaction equation is;
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(g)
3 moles of hydrogen produced 2 moles of ammonia
9.7 * 10^7 moles will produce 9.7 * 10^7 moles * 2 moles/ 3 moles
x = 6.5 * 10^7 moles
For the volume of the ammonia;
V = nRT/P
V = 6.5 * 10^7 moles * 0.082 * 293.6/1.007
V = 155 * 10^7 L
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For the precipitation reaction occurring between iron (II) chloride, FeCl2 and potassium carbonate K2CO3, show the Molecular, Complete Ionic and Net Ionic Equations
If you take 20 g FeCl2 and 25 g K2CO3, what will be the theoretical yield of the solid product? This calculation depends on the limiting agent.
The theoretical yield of the solid product FeCO₃ in the reaction here is 18.18 grams. This is because, FeCl₂ is a limiting agent.
What is the theoretical yield?The precipitation reaction occurring between iron (II) chloride, FeCl₂ and potassium carbonate K₂CO₃
The Molecular equation is given below: FeCl₂ + K₂CO₃ → FeCO₃ + 2KCl
The Complete Ionic equation is given below: Fe₂⁺ + 2Cl⁻ + 2K⁺ + CO₃²⁻ → FeCO₃ + 2K⁺ + 2Cl⁻
The Net Ionic equation is given below: Fe²⁺ + CO₃²⁻→ FeCO₃
Molar mass of FeCl₂ = 126.75 g/mol
Molar mass of K₂CO₃ = 138.21 g/mol
n(FeCl₂) = mass/Mr = 20/126.75 = 0.1578 m
n(K₂CO₃) = mass/Mr = 25/138.21 = 0.1808 m
Therefore, FeCl₂ is the limiting agent. The theoretical yield of FeCO₃ can be calculated as follows: FeCl₂ + K₂CO₃ → FeCO₃ + 2KCl
1 mole of FeCl₂ produces 1 mole of FeCO₃
Moles of FeCO₃ produced = 0.1578 mol
FeCO₃ molar mass = 115.86 g/mol
Mass of FeCO₃ produced = 0.1578 mol × 115.86 g/mol = 18.18 g
Thus, the theoretical yield of the solid product FeCO₃ is 18.18 g.
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rank the following alkyl halides in order of their increasing rate of reaction with triethylamine: iodoethane 1-bromopropane 2-bromopropane
The order of increasing reaction rate of alkyl halides with triethylamine is iodoethane, 1-bromopropane, and 2-bromopropane.
When the primary alkyl halide reacts with the triethylamine, it's faster than the secondary alkyl halide. Since triethylamine is a strong, bulky base that tends to perform nucleophilic substitution, it undergoes a reaction with both primary and secondary alkyl halides. When halides react with triethylamine, the bond between nitrogen and carbon is formed.
In this reaction, the rate of reaction will be slower with secondary alkyl halides due to steric hindrance. Iodoethane will be more reactive than 1-bromopropane because of the higher electronegativity of iodine which makes it more prone to nucleophilic substitution. Based on the above discussion, the order of increasing rate of reaction with triethylamine is 2-bromopropane < 1-bromopropane < iodoethane.
Therefore, iodoethane is the most reactive of the three alkyl halides, 1-bromopropane is more reactive than 2-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane is the least reactive.
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1.it has been suggested that drying agents can be collected after an experiment and the hydrated salt heated in an oven to drive off the water. the recycled drying agent can then be used again for another experiment. is this a good idea? give advantages and disadvantages of this proposal.
Yes, this is a good idea as it is an efficient use of resources. Advantages include reduced costs of purchasing new drying agents and decreased wastage of materials. Disadvantages could include loss of quality of the recycled drying agent, and extra energy used to dry out the salt.
Drying agents can be collected after an experiment and the hydrated salt heated in an oven to drive off the water. The recycled drying agent can then be used again for another experiment.
What are drying agents?
In order to absorb water vapor, drying agents are added to organic solvents to make them anhydrous.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of recycling drying agents?
The recycling of drying agents has a few advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages of recycling drying agents:
Cost-effective: If the solvent used is expensive, recycling drying agents can save money. A drying agent like anhydrous magnesium sulfate is a good example since it can be reused numerous times. No pollution: The disposal of waste is reduced. If every time a new drying agent is employed, it must be disposed of properly, which is both time-consuming and costly. The amount of waste that has to be disposed of is reduced if the same drying agent is used repeatedly. Recyclable waste: Used drying agents are recyclable. It's just a matter of heating the salt to remove any water and returning it to the drying agent stock. This procedure helps to prevent waste.
Disadvantages of recycling drying agents:
Contamination: Even though the recycled drying agent is supposed to be pure, it may still contain minor quantities of impurities, which might result in contamination of the final product. Impurities: If the drying agent is not cleaned properly, impurities will be transferred from one experiment to the next. Excessive heating: Anhydrous drying agents should not be heated excessively because they may lose their effectiveness. If the salt is heated for too long, the surface area exposed to moisture will be decreased. Therefore, while recycling drying agents is a good idea, some precautions should be taken to ensure that the drying agent is pure and effective.
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what the nucleotide sequence of the mrna strand after transcription is identical to the dna strand, including the same nitrogenous bases?
A sense strand is the mRNA strand that is translated from a DNA strand with a same nucleotide sequence. the codons have specific functions when the mRNA sequence is translated into a protein.
The DNA sequence serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary mRNA molecule during transcription. The nucleotide arrangement of the DNA template strand dictates the sequencing of the mRNA. The mRNA sequence is not identical to the template DNA strand; rather, it is complementary to it. RNA polymerase, which builds the mRNA molecule on the DNA template strand, adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the lengthening mRNA chain. Since RNA nucleotides have uracil (U) as a base instead of thymine (T), the mRNA sequence will have the same nucleotide sequence as the DNA template strand. The mRNA sequence is read in groups of three nucleotides called codons, and the codons have specific functions when the mRNA sequence is translated into a protein.
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Which aqueous solution has the lowest freezing point?
1. 1.0 M C6H12O6
2.1.0 M C2H5OH
3.1.0 M CH3COOH
4.1.0 M NaCl
According to the given Information:
The aqueous solution that has the lowest freezing point is 1.0 M C2H5OH (ethanol).
How does the type of solute affect the freezing point depression of an aqueous solution?Because it determines the concentration of solute particles in the solution.
Ionic solutes, such as NaCl, dissociate into multiple ions in water, producing a higher concentration of solute particles per unit concentration than molecular solutes, such as ethanol.
This results in a greater degree of freezing point depression for ionic solutes than molecular solutes.
What is an aqueous solution?An aqueous solution is one in which water serves as the solvent.
Aqueous solutions are very common in nature and in laboratory settings. Many substances can dissolve in water to form aqueous solutions, including salts, acids, bases, and gases.
Aqueous solutions are important in many fields of science, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science.
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Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is able to remove sulfur dioxide, SO2, from waste gases by a reaction in which they react in a 1: 1 stoichiometric ratio to form equimolar amounts of CaSO3. When 255 g of CaCO3 reacted with 135 g of SO2, 198 g of CaSO3 were formed. Determine the percentage yield of CaSO3
The percentage yield of CaSO3 is approximately 69%.
CaCO3 + SO2 → CaSO3 + CO2
Number of moles of CaCO3 = 255 g / 100.09 g/mol = 2.549 mol
Number of moles of SO2 = 135 g / 64.06 g/mol = 2.109 mol
Since the reaction is 1:1 stoichiometric, the number of moles of CaSO3 formed is 2.109 mol. We can then calculate the theoretical yield of CaSO3:
Theoretical yield of CaSO3 = 2.109 mol x 136.14 g/mol = 286.9 g
Percentage yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) x 100%
The actual yield is given as 198 g. Plugging in the values, we get:
Percentage yield = (198 g / 286.9 g) x 100% ≈ 69%.
Stoichiometric is the study of the quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. The stoichiometric ratio is the ratio of the moles of one substance to the moles of another substance in a chemical reaction.
For example, consider the reaction between hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) to form water (H2O). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O. The stoichiometric ratio for this reaction is 2:1. This means that for every two moles of hydrogen gas reacted, one mole of oxygen gas is required to completely react with it and form two moles of water.
Stoichiometric is important in chemical reactions because it allows us to determine the number of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactants. This information is crucial in industrial and laboratory settings where the cost of materials and the desired yield of the product are important factors.
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