Draw a relative energy diagram showing a conformational analysis of 2,2-dichloropropane along C1-C2 bond. Clearly label all staggered conformations and all eclipsed conformations with the corresponding Newman projections.

Answer:

0.0063 mol

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced combustion equation

C₈H₁₈(l) + 12.5 O₂(g) ⇒ 8 CO₂(g) + 9 H₂O(g)

Step 2: Establish the appropriate molar ratio

According to the balanced equation, the molar ratio of C₈H₁₈ to CO₂ is 1:8.

Step 3: Calculate the number of moles of C₈H₁₈ needed to produce 0.050 moles of CO₂

0.050 mol CO₂ × 1 mol C₈H₁₈/8 mol CO₂ = 0.0063 mol C₈H₁₈

The mass of magnesium chloride produced from 2.30 moles of chlorine gas is 218.99 grams.

Stoichiometry refers to the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions.

According to this question, magnesium reacts with chlorine gas to form magnesium chloride as follows:

Mg + Cl₂ → MgCl₂

Based on the above chemical equation, 1 mole of chlorine gas forms 1 mole of magnesium chloride.

This means that 2.30 moles of chlorine gas will 2.30 moles of magnesium chloride.

Next, we convert moles of magnesium chloride to mass as follows:

molar mass of magnesium chloride = 95.211g/mol

mass of magnesium chloride = 95.211 × 2.30 = 218.99 grams.

Therefore, 218.99 grams of magnesium chloride will be formed.

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The structures are shown in the image attached.

A structural formula is the representation of the molecule in which all atoms and bonds in the molecule are shown.

Since the question requires that all the lone pairs, formal charges and sigma and pi bonds should be shown, then the simple condensed structural formula becomes insufficient in this case.

I have attached images of the structural formula of sodium benzoate (image 1), benzoic acid (image 2)  and tetrahydrofuran (image 3).

All the formal charges, lone pairs as well as sigma and pi bonds are fully shown.

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Answer:

a) [tex]K_{2} S[/tex] and [tex]NH_{4} Cl[/tex] :

There are no insoluble precipitate forms.

b) [tex]Ca Cl_{2}[/tex] and [tex](NH_{4} )_{2} Co_{3}[/tex] :

There are the insoluble precipitates of [tex]CaCo_{3}[/tex]  forms.

c) [tex]Li_{2}S[/tex] and [tex]MnBr_{2}[/tex] :

There are the insoluble precipitates of [tex]MnS[/tex]  forms.

d) [tex]Ba(No_{3} )_{2}[/tex] and [tex]Ag_{2} So_{4}[/tex] :                        

As [tex]Ag_{2} So_{4}[/tex] is insoluble, therefore no precipitate forms.

e) [tex]Rb_{2}Co_{3}[/tex] and [tex]NaCl[/tex]:

There are no insoluble precipitates forms.

Explanation:

a)

Solubility rule suggests:- [tex]K_{2} S[/tex] ⇒ soluble, [tex]NH_{4} Cl[/tex] ⇒ soluble.

                                          KCl ⇒ soluble, [tex](NH_{4})_{2} S[/tex]  ⇒ soluble.

There are no insoluble precipitate forms.

b)

Solubility rule suggests:- [tex]Ca Cl_{2}[/tex] ⇒ soluble, [tex](NH_{4} )_{2} Co_{3}[/tex] ⇒ soluble.

                                        [tex]CaCo_{3}[/tex] ⇒ insoluble, [tex]NH_{4} Cl[/tex]  ⇒ soluble.

There are the insoluble precipitates of [tex]CaCo_{3}[/tex]  forms.

c)

Solubility rule suggests:- [tex]Li_{2}S[/tex] ⇒ soluble, [tex]MnBr_{2}[/tex] ⇒ soluble.

                                        [tex]LiBr[/tex] ⇒ soluble, [tex]MnS[/tex]  ⇒ insoluble.

There are the insoluble precipitates of [tex]MnS[/tex]  forms.

d)

Solubility rule suggests:- [tex]Ba(No_{3} )_{2}[/tex] ⇒ soluble, [tex]Ag_{2} So_{4}[/tex] ⇒insoluble.

As [tex]Ag_{2} So_{4}[/tex] is insoluble, therefore no precipitate forms.

e)

Solubility rule suggests:- [tex]Rb_{2}Co_{3}[/tex] ⇒ soluble, [tex]NaCl[/tex] ⇒ soluble.

                                        [tex]RbCl[/tex] ⇒ soluble, [tex]Na_{2} Co_{3}[/tex]  ⇒ soluble.

There are no insoluble precipitates forms.

Answer:

A) Forms a racemic mixture of the two possible enantiomers

When carbonyl compounds are reduced with a reagent such as LiAlH₄ or NaBH₄ and  new stereogenic center is formed chemical change will lead to products that form a racemic mixture of the two possible enantiomers.

Chemical changes are defined as changes which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical change.

There are several characteristics of chemical changes like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical change there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.

There are three types of chemical changes:

1) inorganic changes

2)organic changes

3) biochemical changes

During chemical changes atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.

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Answer:

11.9g remains after 48.2 days

Explanation:

All isotope decay follows the equation:

ln [A] = -kt + ln [A]₀

Where [A] is actual amount of the isotope after time t, k is decay constant and [A]₀ the initial amount of the isotope

We can find k from half-life as follows:

k = ln 2 / Half-Life

k = ln2 / 27.7 days

k = 0.025 days⁻¹

t = 48.2 days

[A]  = ?

[A]₀ = 39.7mg

ln [A] = -0.025 days⁻¹*48.2 days + ln [39.7mg]

ln[A] = 2.476

[A] = 11.9g remains after 48.2 days

Answer:

10.77%

Explanation:

Molar mass of Cu = mass deposited/number of moles of Cu

Molar mass of Cu = 0.4391 g/6.238x10^-3 moles

Molar mass of Cu = 70.391 g/mol

%error = 70.391 g/mol - 63.546 g/mol/63.546 g/mol × 100

%error = 10.77%

Answer:

1. Nitrate ions, NaNO3 - Sodium nitrate.

2. Sulphide ions, K2S - Potassium sulphide.

3. Sulphate ions, CaSO4 - Calcium sulphate.

4. Hydrogensulphite ions, NaHSO3 - Sodium hydrogensulphite.

5. Carbonate ions, CaCO3 - Calcium carbonate.

6. Hydrogencarbonate ions, KHCO3 - Potassium hydrogencarbonate.

7. Phosphite ions, PH3 - Hydrogen phosphite.

8. Nitride ions, NH3 - Hydrogen nitride ( ammonia ).

9. Ethanoate ions, CH3COONa - Sodium ethanoate.

10. Methanoate ions, HCOONa - Sodium methanoate.

11. Fluoride ions, HF - Hydrogen fluoride.

12. Chloride ions, KCl - Potassium chloride.

13. Bromide ions, HBr - Hydrogen bromide.

14. Iodide ions, NaI - Sodium iodide.

15. Phosphate ions, K3PO3 - potassium phosphate.

Answer:

An indicator added to the solution turns green-blue.

Explanation:

An indicator is a substance which shows the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution by change in colour of the solution.

The universal indicator changes colour as the pH of the solution changes. Looking at the colour ranges for the universal indicator, the green-blue colour indicates a weak base.

Answer:

Explanation:

maleic acid ⇒ fumaric acid

ΔHreaction = ΔHproduct - ΔHreactant

ΔHproduct = -1336.0 kJ mol⁻¹

ΔHreactant = - 1359.2 kJ mol⁻¹.

ΔHreaction = -1336.0 kJ mol⁻¹ - ( - 1359.2 kJ mol⁻¹.)

=   1359.2 kJ mol⁻¹   -1336.0 kJ mol⁻¹

= 23.2 kJ mol⁻¹ .

Enthalpy of isomerization from maleic to fumaric acid is 23.2 kJ per mol.

Answer:

Explanation:

Assume we have 100g of this substance. That means we would have 20.24g of Cl and 79.76g of Al. Now we can find how many moles of each we have:

[tex]\frac{79.76 \:g}{35.45 \: g/mol}[/tex] = 2.25 mol of chlorine

[tex]\frac{20.24 \: g}{26.98 \: g/mol}[/tex] = 0.750 mol of Al.

To form a integer ratio, do 2.25/0.75 = 2.99999 ~= 3.

So the ratio is essentially Al : Cl => 1 : 3. To the compound is possibly [tex]AlCl_3[/tex].

However, it says it has a molar mass of 266.64 g/mol, and since AlCl3 has a molar mass of 133.32, it must be [tex]Al_2Cl_6[/tex].

Actually this molecule isn't exactly AlCl3 (which is ionic). Al2Cl6 forms a banana bond where Cl acts as a hapto-2 ligand. But that's a bit advanced. All you need to know is X = Al2Cl6

The molecular formula of the compound is Al₂Cl₆

To solve the question given above, we'll begin by obtaining the empirical formula of the compound. This can be obtained as follow:

Aluminum (Al) = 20.24%

Chlorine (Cl) = 79.76%

Al = 20.24%

Cl = 79.76%

Divide by their molar mass

Al = 20.24 / 27 = 0.75

Cl = 79.76 / 35.5 = 2.25

Divide by the smallest

Al = 0.75 / 0.75 = 1

Cl = 2.25 / 0.75 = 3

Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is AlCl₃

Finally, we shall determine the the molecular formula of the compound.

Molar mass of compound = 266.64 g/mol

Empirical formula = AlCl₃

[AlCl₃]ₙ = 266.64

[27 + (3×35.5)]n = 266.64

[27 + 106.5]n = 266.64

133.5n = 266.64

Divide both side by 133.5

n = 266.64 / 133.5

Molecular formula = [AlCl₃]ₙ

Molecular formula = [AlCl₃]₂

Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is Al₂Cl₆

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Explanation:

1. boiling and melting point

2. electrical conductivity

3. Bond strength

4. bond length

A covalent bond consists of negative electrons that are shared in between atoms. Because of this bond, they possess and manifest physical abilities, including electrical pressure/conductivity and lower melting points compared to ionic compounds.

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

The relationship between the activation energy and rate of reaction is best captured by the Arrhenius equation;

k= Ae^-Ea/RT

Where;

k= rate constant

A= pre-exponential factor

Ea=activation energy

R= gas constant

T= temperature

We can see from the foregoing that, as the activation energy increases, the rate of reaction decreases and vice versa. reactions that have a very high activation energy are markedly slow.

Since the activation energy for the malonic acid reaction is found to be greater than the activation energy for the tartaric acid reaction, then the rate of the malonic acid reaction(k) will be slower than that of the tartaric acid reaction.

The study of chemistry and bonds is called chemistry. There are two types of elements metal and nonmetals.

The correct answer is mentioned below.

The equation is as follows:-

[tex]k= Ae^{-Ea/RT[/tex] Where;

We can see from the foregoing that, as the activation energy increases, the rate of reaction decreases and vice versa. reactions that have very high activation energy are markedly slow. Since the activation energy for the malonic acid reaction is found to be greater than the activation energy for the tartaric acid reaction, then the rate of the malonic acid reaction(k) will be slower than that of the tartaric acid reaction.

Hence, the correct answer is mentioned above.

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Answer:

MoO2

Explanation:

The empirical formula is defined as the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a molecule.

To solve this question we need to find the moles of Mo2O3. Twice these moles = Moles of Mo. With the moles of Mo we can find its mass.

The difference in masses between mass of new oxide and mass of Mo = Mass of oxygen. With the mass of oxygen we can find its moles and the empirical formula as follows:

Moles Mo2O3 -Molar mass: 239.9g/mol-

12.37g * (1mol / 239.9g) = 0.05156 moles Mo2O3 * (2mol Mo / 1mol Mo2O3) = 0.1031 moles of Mo

Mass Mo -95.95g/mol-:

0.1031 moles of Mo * (95.95g/mol) = 9.895g of Mo

Mass oxygen in the oxide:

13.197 - 9.895g = 3.302g Oxygen

Moles oxygen -Molar mass: 16g/mol-:

3.302g Oxygen * (1mol / 16g) = 0.206 moles O

Now, the ratio of moles O / moles Mo is:

0.206 moles O / 0.1031 moles Mo = 2

That means there are 2 moles of O per mole of Mo and the empirical formula of the new oxide is:

Answer:

Explanation:

When Tollen's test is done by aldehyde , silver ion is converted into silver which forms a layer which looks like a mirror.

Ag⁺ + e = Ag

It is a reduction process where silver(1) ion is reduced to metallic silver.

Aldehyde is oxidized to carboxylate ion.

CH₃CHO + 2 OH⁻ = CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O + H⁺ + 2e

Visual indicator is silver metal which forms silver mirror at the bottom of test tube .

Answer:

Answer:

(B). it's metallic bonding

Answer:

1. C₃H₆O₃

2. C₆H₁₂

3. C₆H₂₄O₆

4. C₆H₆

5. N₂O₄

Explanation:

1. Determination of the molecular formula.

Empirical formula => CH₂O

Mass of compound = 90 g

Molecular formula =?

Molecular formula = n × Empirical formula = mass of compound

[CH₂O]ₙ = 90

[12 + (2×1) + 16]n = 90

[12 + 2 + 16]n = 90

30n = 90

Divide both side by 30

n = 90/30

n = 3

Molecular formula = [CH₂O]ₙ

Molecular formula = [CH₂O]₃

Molecular formula = C₃H₆O₃

2. Determination of the molecular formula.

Empirical formula => CH₂

Mass of compound = 84 g

Molecular formula =?

Molecular formula = n × Empirical formula = mass of compound

[CH₂]ₙ = 84

[12 + (2×1)]n = 84

[12 + 2]n = 84

14n = 84

Divide both side by 14

n = 84/14

n = 6

Molecular formula = [CH₂]ₙ

Molecular formula = [CH₂]₆

Molecular formula = C₆H₁₂

3. Determination of the molecular formula.

Empirical formula => CH₄O

Mass of compound = 192 g

Molecular formula =?

Molecular formula = n × Empirical formula = mass of compound

[CH₄O]ₙ = 192

[12 + (4×1) + 16]n = 192

[12 + 4 + 16]n = 192

32n = 192

Divide both side by 32

n = 192/32

n = 6

Molecular formula = [CH₄O]ₙ

Molecular formula = [CH₄O]₆

Molecular formula = C₆H₂₄O₆

4. Determination of the molecular formula.

Empirical formula => CH

Mass of compound = 78 g

Molecular formula =?

Molecular formula = n × Empirical formula = mass of compound

[CH]ₙ = 78

[12 + 1]n = 78

13n = 78

Divide both side by 13

n = 78/13

n = 6

Molecular formula = [CH]ₙ

Molecular formula = [CH]₆

Molecular formula = C₆H₆

5. Determination of the molecular formula.

Empirical formula => NO₂

Mass of compound = 92 g

Molecular formula =?

Molecular formula = n × Empirical formula = mass of compound

[NO₂]ₙ = 92

[14 + (2×16)]n = 92

[14 + 32]n = 92

46n = 92

Divide both side by 46

n = 92/46

n = 2

Molecular formula = [NO₂]ₙ

Molecular formula = [NO₂]₂

Molecular formula = N₂O₄

Answer:

11.12 → pH

Explanation:

This is a titration of a weak base and a strong acid.

In the first step we did not add any acid, so our solution is totally ammonia.

Equation of neutralization is:

NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

Equilibrium for ammonia is:

NH₃ + H₂O ⇄  NH₄⁺  +  OH⁻      Kb = 1.8×10⁻⁵

Initially we have 50 mL . 0.10M = 5 mmoles of ammonia

Our molar concentration is 0.1 M

X amount has reacted.

In the equilibrium we have (0.1 - x) moles of ammonia and we produced x amount of ammonium and hydroxides.

Expression for Kb is : x² / (0.1 - x)  = 1.8×10⁻⁵

As Kb is so small, we can avoid the x to solve a quadratic equation.

1.8×10⁻⁵ = x² / 0.1

1.8×10⁻⁵  .  0.1 = x²

1.8×10⁻⁶ = x²

√1.8×10⁻⁶ = x → 1.34×10⁻³

That's the value for [OH⁻] so:

1×10⁻¹⁴ = [OH⁻] . [H⁺]

1×10⁻¹⁴ / 1.34×10⁻³ = [H⁺] → 7.45×10⁻¹²

- log [H⁺] = pH

- log 7.45×10⁻¹² = 11.12 → pH

Answer:

c. C3H9N2O2

Explanation:

The empirical formula of a compound is defined as the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a molecule. To solve this question we need to convert the mass of each atom to moles. With the moles we can find the ratio as follows:

Moles N -Molar mass: 14.01g/mol-

0.420g N * (1mol/14.01g) = 0.0300 moles N

Moles O -Molar mass: 16g/mol-

0.480g O * (1mol/16g) = 0.0300 moles O

Moles C -Molar mass: 12.01g/mol-

0.540g C * (1mol/12.01g) = 0.0450 moles C

Moles H -Molar mass: 1.0g/mol-

0.135g H * (1mol/1g) = 0.135moles H

Dividing in the moles of N (Lower number of moles) the ratio of atoms is:

N = 0.0300 moles N / 0.0300 moles N = 1

O = 0.0300 moles O / 0.0300 moles N = 1

C = 0.0450 moles C / 0.0300 moles N = 1.5

H = 0.135 moles H / 0.0300 moles N = 4.5

As the empirical formula requires whole numbers, multiplying each ratio twice:

N = 2, O = 2, C = 3 and H = 9

And the empirical formula is:

Answer:

There is no difference between the two.

Explanation:

They both show the same volume. But, adding decimal places shows the least count of the instrument used and is more acceptable when recording values in scientific experiments

Answer:

77%

Explanation:

First we convert 3.0 g of cyclohexanol (C₆H₁₂O) to moles, using its molar mass:

Then we convert 1.9 g of cyclohexene (C₆H₁₀) to moles, using its molar mass:

Finally we calculate the theoretical yield:

Answer:

4.858 g

Explanation:

Start with the formula

density = [tex]\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]

density = 1.98 g/mL

volume = 2.45 mL

mass = ??

rearrange the formula to solve for mass

(density) x (volume) = mass

Add in the substitutes and solve for mass

1.98 g/mL x 2.45 mL = 4.858 g

Answer:

c- ability to undergo chemical reaction

Answer:

[tex]K=1.7x10^{-3}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to solve this problem by firstly setting up the equilibrium expression for the given reaction, in agreement to the law of mass action:

[tex]K=\frac{[NO]^2}{[N_2][O_2]}[/tex]

Next, we plug in the given concentrations on the data table to obtain:

[tex]K=\frac{(0.034)^2}{(0.69)(0.98)}\\\\K=1.7x10^{-3}[/tex]

Regards!

Explanation:

here's the answer to your question

Answer:

0.696 m

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the number of mole in 16.7 g of C₆H₁₂O₆. This can be obtained as follow:

Mass of C₆H₁₂O₆ = 16.7 g

Molar mass of C₆H₁₂O₆ = (6×12) + (12×1) + (6×16)

= 72 + 12 + 96

= 180 g/mol

Mole of C₆H₁₂O₆ =?

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of C₆H₁₂O₆ = 16.7 / 180

Mole of C₆H₁₂O₆ = 0.093 mole

Next, we shall convert 133.6 g of water to Kg. This can be obtained as follow:

1000 g = 1 Kg

Therefore,

133.6 g = 133.6 g × 1 Kg / 1000 g

133.6 g = 0.1336 Kg

Thus, 133.6 g is equivalent to 0.1336 Kg.

Finally, we shall determine the molality of the solution. This can be obtained as illustrated below:

Mole of C₆H₁₂O₆ = 0.093 mole

Mass of water = 0.1336 Kg

Molality =?

Molality = mole / mass of water (in Kg)

Molality = 0.093 / 0.1336

Molality = 0.696 m

Therefore, the molality of the solution is 0.696 m

Stalactites and stalagmites form as ________ precipitates out of the water evaporating in underground caves.

Group of answer choices

hydrochloric acid

sodium bicarbonate

calcium carbonate

sodium chloride

sodium hydroxide

Answer:

calcium carbonate

Explanation:

A stalactite is an icicle-looking mould that is formed by the precipitation of natural minerals as a result of water dripping from the ceiling, hanging from a cave.

A stalagmites in the other hand, grows upwards and is also a mound that is formed by the deposits of minerals gotten by the water dripping on the floor of a cave.

Therefore, stalactites and stalagmites form as calcium carbonate precipitates out of the water evaporating in underground caves.