Answer:
1. When touching something hot, such as a hair straightener or a stove your body will react by making you feel pain or a burning sensation making you react by moving your hand/etc.
2. When you fall and sprain/break your wrist/arm/etc your body will tell you something is wrong by feeling pain, discomfort, swelling, etc.
antibodies are capable of binding up several antigens at once in order to reduce the number of infectious agents that need to be dealt with. this function of antibodies is known as group of answer choices opsonization. neutralization. agglutination. complement fixation.
Antibodies are capable of binding up several antigens in order to reduce infectious agents that need to be dealt with, this function of antibodies is known as agglutination.
Antibodies are proteins that defend you while an unwanted substance enters your body. Produced via your immune device, antibodies bind to these undesirable substances which will put off them out of your gadget.
Antibodies are proteins produced by means of the immune gadget in reaction to contamination. They're an vital part of the frame's defence device as they work to smash sickness-causing organisms and block them from infecting human cells.
Antibodies are positioned in various areas of your frame, such as your skin, lungs, tears, saliva and even breast milk. In reality, high quantities of antibodies are present in colostrum.
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the archenteron of a mesolecithal embryo with holoblastic cleavage eventually develops into which structure?
The archenteron of a mesolecithal embryo with holoblastic cleavage eventually develops into digestive tract.
What do you mean by archenteron?The archenteron (gastrocoel) is a hollow within an animal embryo there at gastrula stage of development. The anus, or , and the blastopore, which serves as the animal's entrance and entry to the outside world, are both formed by this opening. The stomach cavity is finally formed, in whole or in part, by the archenteron.
Where may one find archenteron?The growing embryo's primitive gut, known as the archenteron or digestive tunnel, develops during gastrulation. It is the core cavity inside an embryo at the gastrula stage of development.
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the ability for a person to taste ptc is a dominant genetic trait (t), while the inability to taste ptc is recessive (t). a. if a man is heterozygous for that trait, what is his genotype?
the ability for a person to taste ptc is a dominant genetic trait (t)
heterozygous means 1 of each allele. Thus, genotype must be Tt
In terms of genetics, being heterozygous means that each biological parent contributed a distinct form (allele) of a genomic marker to the individual. As a result, a person who has two copies of a genetic marker is said to be heterozygous. On the other hand, a person who is homozygous for a marker has identical copies of that marker. Heterozygous. For each gene trait in each pair of chromosomes in diploid animals, there are two alleles, one from the mother and one from the father. An allele is one of two or more variant forms of a gene that can exist. These alleles can all be present at the same locus on a chromosome. Diverse alleles for a particular trait are referred to as heterozygous. You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two copies differ. Which qualities are expressed depends on the interaction between the two alleles.
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hen t or b cells are activated, they proliferate, forming a group of genetically identical cells descending from the original activated cell. what is the name of this group of identical cells? clone hapten memory cells lymphocyte precursors
Helper T cells stimulate the B cell via the binding of CD40L at the T cell to CD40 on the B cellular, thru interaction of different TNF-TNF-receptor circles of relatives ligand pairs, and by way of the directed release of cytokines.
Helper T cells do now not directly kill inflamed cells, as cytotoxic T cells do instead, they help spark off cytotoxic T cells and macrophages to attack inflamed cells, or they stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies.
Helper T cells no longer immediately kill infected cells, as cytotoxic T cells do. as a substitute they assist activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages to assault inflamed cells, or they stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies.
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4. MSUD is found in one newborn in 200,000 throughout the United States, but one newborn in 200 in the Amish and Mennonites of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania has the disease. Why is there such a difference in the prevalence of the disease?
Answer:
MSUD stands for Maple Syrup Urine Disease. It is very rare, it occurs in about 1 of every 185,000 births worldwide. A child is born with MSUD when both parents are carriers of three specific gene mutations (changes) – one copy from each parent. These three specific amino acids are leucine, isoleucine and valine. Without the needed enzymes, the three amino acids build up and so do their toxic byproducts that are known as ketoacids.
MSUD occurs more often in communities that have little genetic variation (such as the Mennonite and Amish community) These groups have a closure of people (like they marry with their closed relatives) who are carriers of the mutated gene.
Suppose that there was an enzyme that cuts bonds between deoxyribose and phosphate groups. what would this enzyme do to a dna molecule?
The enzyme that cuts bonds between deoxyribose and phosphate groups would make cuts in the "backbone" of each strand of a DNA molecule.
Bacteria include restriction enzymes (and other prokaryotes). They identify and attach to particular DNA sequences known as restriction sites. Only one or a few restriction sites are recognised by each restriction enzyme. A restriction enzyme will create a double-stranded cut in the DNA molecule once it locates its target sequence. The cut typically occurs in a neat, regular pattern at or near the restriction point. Let's take EcoRI, a typical restriction enzyme used in labs, as an illustration of how a restriction enzyme recognises and cuts at a DNA sequence. EcoRI makes cuts at this location:
Hence, DNA cutting enzyme breaks strand of DNA.
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if codons were read two bases at a time instead of three bases at a time, how many different possible amino acids could be specified?
The variety of codons that might be constructed would be reduced if codons were only 2 bases long. More distinct nucleotides would be needed to generate enough distinct sequences to code for the 20 amino acids.
In E. coli, there are only 3 tRNAs available for the four distinct codons of glycine, for example. While it is true that numerous codons can each code for a single amino acid, this flexibility is only made feasible because of the 'wobble' between the third codon base and the first anticodon base.
combinations of these codons or triplets. Three of the 64 codons are stop codons, as we already indicated. These three stop codons just stop translation; they do not encode any amino acids.
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a major function of th1 cells is to activate macrophages. which molecules expressed by th1 cells are essential for this function?
A major function of th1 cells is to activate macrophages. IFN-γ is the molecules expressed by th1 cells are essential for this function.
IFN-, a cytokine secreted by Th1 cells that is unique to them, stimulates macrophages and DCs, improving their capacity to destroy intracellular microorganisms and deliver antigens to T lymphocytes. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin, and IL-2 are among substances that Th1 cells can release that help with antimicrobial defence.
Through cell interaction and localised IFN- release, TH1 cells stimulate infected macrophages. This causes a sequence of metabolic reactions that transform the macrophage into an effective effector cell for fighting microorganisms.
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Please help will mark brainliest
I’m this image the cell is using which type of molecular transport?
A. Exocytosis
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Endocytosis
This statistics says that diffusion employs a certain kind of molecular transport.
What is a molecular example?Molecules used to create inorganic chemicals known as molecular substances. Common substances as co2 and water (H2O) are examples (CO2). These compounds are very different from ionic compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl).
What is called molecular?Molecules are made up of one or even more increased compared. If they contain and over one, they may contain different atoms or the same atoms (for instance, an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). The amount of atoms in biological compounds like proteins and DNA can reach thousands.
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size of braincase cranial shape- is the skull longer front to back? sagittal crest? sagittal keel? what is the shape of the occipital region? is there a nuchal torus? height of skull. how much skull is above the supraorbital ridge?
The modern human is thought to have the largest cranium, measuring between 120 and 1700 cubic centimetres 3. The head shrank in size and grew more compact, reaching its widest point at the base of the skull.
Brain/body size ratio = cranial capacity (in cubic centimetres). body mass (in kg) Complete the table with the specified species. Species skull capacity (cc) Body Weight Approximation on Average (kg) Body to Brain Ratio gorilla 395 54 7.31 chimpanzee 506 120 4.22 6. The scapular is extended at the suprascapular area and is shorter and broader, making it more mobile and arboreal, whereas the humeral head is rounded and globular. These faunal remains were discovered at Station 1 with the specimen at Station 2 Paleoenvironment.
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what is the likely cause of the change in frequency of melanic moths in michigan (mustard-colored diamonds), in pennsylvania (blue squares), and at caldy common in england (red dots)?
Air pollution has decreased in all regions is the likely cause of the change in frequency of melanic moths in michigan (mustard-colored diamonds), in pennsylvania (blue squares), and at caldy common in england (red dots)
The peppered moth's evolution is an example of how air pollution during the Industrial Revolution caused directional colour changes in the moth population.
At that time, a manifestation of industrial melanism was the rise in the number of dark-colored moths. Later, as pollution levels dropped, the light-colored form once more took control. Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection underwent its first test with the industrial melanism in the peppered moth, which is still used as a standard illustration for explaining evolution.
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Organisms that live in the alpine and taiga biomes have developed unique adaptations that aid in their survival. the douglas-fir is a conifer tree that grows in the taiga biome. it has an average height of about 70 feet, and its wood is an important source of lumber. conifer trees along water's edge. photo by anne burgess how has the douglas-fir adapted to enable its survival in the taiga biome?
a. low growing
b. perennial
c. waxy needles
d. survive on limited nutrients please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Seasonal color changes are the unique adaptation that helps snowshoe rabbits to survive in the taiga.
The organisms that inhabit the taiga and alpine biomes have evolved special adaptations to help them survive. One of the creatures inhabiting the taiga biome is the snowshoe rabbit. It is exceptional in that it can remain unseen while hiding from predators in the snow in the winter and in woody areas in the summer. The organisms that inhabit the taiga and alpine biomes have evolved special adaptations to help them survive. One of the plants that may be found in the alpine biome is the moss campion. It is shielded from the wind and subfreezing cold in the alpine by its thin leaves and cushion-like shape.
Hence, organism characteristics decides its survival in different biome.
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When chuncks of a big mass start to separate
Fixed-size chunk de-duplication is carried out at routers rather than on hosts. The considered packet is first intercepted in a router in real time or at the network endpoints.
What is Chunk size?
The largest physical disc unit devoted to database server data storage is called a chunk. Administrators can allocate disc space in a comparatively big unit thanks to chunks. The largest possible chunk size is 4 TB. The maximum number of chunks is 32,766.
She divided the fruit into big pieces. She speaks on the phone for a sizable portion of her day. He invested a lot of time on the undertaking.
A total of 65,536 blocks are divided into chunks that are 16 blocks wide, 16 blocks long, and 256 blocks high.
MongoDB uses chunk sizes that are 128 MB by default. You have the option of changing the chunk size. Think about the effects of altering the default chunk size: At the expense of more frequent migrations, small pieces result in a more even distribution of data.
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Why is less energy produced during anaerobic respiration than in aerobic respiration?
Answer:
Oxidation of glucose is incomplete
Explanation:
During anaerobic respiration the oxidation of glucose is incomplete. The reaction therefore releases much less energy – around a nineteenth of the energy released during aerobic respiration. Only two ATP molecules ofchemical energy are produced in comparison with 38 molecules in aerobic respiration.
what happens when a population cannot get enough food or water?
Answer:
1.)It will result in increase in mortality(Death rate)
2.) Malnutrition
3.) Susceptible to diseases.
4.) decrease in revenue due to sick workers which have become prone to disease as a result of the effective blood vessels which are unable to perform their task(which is usually due to poor food and water supply)
Explanation:
With less food, whether incremental through smaller portion sizes or more drastic through skipped meals, people often earn less money and are more susceptible to health issues . The consequences for small children can be especially serious, leading to malnutrition and stunting.
what role can individuals and families play in improving the status of global fish stocks (incorporate wild fisheries and fish farming in your answer)?
To improve the status of global fish stocks we should :1. Promote the management of sustainable fisheries.
There is room for improvement in the FAO's biennial State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) report, which provides an overview of the world's fisheries. The FAO should adopt a preventative stance and create norms.
2. Completely carry out the global plan of action for sharks Nearly ten years ago, COFI established the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks, but its implementation has been patchy and frequently insufficient.
3. Boost data quality and detect reconstruction Reliable catch data are crucial for managing fisheries effectively and can aid nations in identifying catch trends and changes to significant fisheries.
4. Reduce illegal fishing by documenting catchesCatch documentation schemes (CDS) are important in reducing IUU fishing, also known as illicit, unreported, and unregulated fishing. When completely deployed, these programs aid in ensuring that the catch is lawful and tracable.
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how to proteins with nuclear localization signals, that are bound to nuclear import receptors enter the nucleus question 3 options: by hydrolyzing a molecule of atp to adp and phosphate by interacting with the phenylalanine-glycine (fg) repeats on the fibril proteins of the nuclear pore complex by cleaving the nuclear localization signal from the cargo protein by binding a molecule of ran-gdp
Proteins with nuclear localization signals, that are bound to nuclear import receptors enter the nucleus through nuclear pore complex.
How does proteins with nuclear localization signals enter the nucleus?Proteins having nuclear localization signals are transported inward through the nuclear pore complexes, whereas RNA molecules and newly made ribosomal subunits contain nuclear export signals that direct the active transport outward through pore complexes.
Nuclear proteins are transported actively through nuclear pores by a selective and mediated process. The process is mediated by nuclear localization signal and can be divided into two steps, that are : targeting to the pores and translocation through the pores.
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sometimes, plants will reward their pollinators with something that benefits them. what is an example of a plant attractant that is also a pollination reward?(1 point)
Animals that perform pollination while visiting the bloom are rewarded with floral nectar, which is placed inside the flower close to the reproductive organs.
The majority of people are aware that flowers frequently generate nectar, which is vital for promoting pollination and supplying food for hummingbirds and insects. Few people are aware of the extra-floral nectaries, nectar-producing glands that are structurally separate from the flower and found in more than 2,000 plant species in more than 64 families, though they exist in these plants.
Animals that perform pollination while visiting the bloom are rewarded with floral nectar, which is placed inside the flower close to the reproductive organs. Extra-floral nectar has a role in so-called indirect defense by luring predatory herbivores—usually ants—or by discouraging them from feeding on the plant.
Therefore, the two forms of nectar-producing partnerships between plants and animals have long served as textbook illustrations of symmetric mutualism, in which plants supply food or benefits to animals in exchange.
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Answer: Nectar
Explanation:
neonicotinoids are compounds that used to be widely used on farms as effective insecticides. it appeared they were easily absorbed by plants and were present in pollen and nectar, killing honey bees. scientists discovered that neonicotinoids affect the cholinergic synapses in the nervous system of insects, causing their paralysis and death. how do neonicotinoids affect the synapses?
Answer:
Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticides that work by disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses in insects. The compounds are readily absorbed by plants and are present in pollen and nectar, making them highly toxic to bees and other pollinators.
When neonicotinoids come into contact with insects, they bind to certain receptors in the insects' nervous system, specifically the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These receptors are found at the junctions between nerve cells, known as synapses, where they play a key role in transmitting nerve impulses from one cell to the next.
The binding of neonicotinoids to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors interferes with the normal transmission of nerve impulses at the synapses, leading to paralysis and ultimately death in the affected insects. This mode of action is specific to insects, which is why neonicotinoids are effective at controlling insect pests but are relatively non-toxic to mammals.
motor neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ach) and acetylcholinesterase degrades ach in the synapse. if a neurophysiologist applies onchidal (a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase inhibitor produced by the mollusc onchidella binneyi) to a synapse, what would you expect to happen? motor neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ach) and acetylcholinesterase degrades ach in the synapse. if a neurophysiologist applies onchidal (a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase inhibitor produced by the mollusc onchidella binneyi) to a synapse, what would you expect to happen? convulsions due to constant muscle stimulation paralysis of muscle tissue decrease in the frequency of action potentials no effect
acetylcholinesterase degrades ach in the synapse. if a neurophysiologist applies onchidal (
constant muscle stimulation paralysis of muscle tissue decrease in the frequency of action potentials no effect
convulsions due to constant muscle stimulation
The main cholinesterase in the body is acetylcholinesterase, commonly known as AChE, AChase, or acetylhydrolase (HGNC symbol ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7; scientific name acetylcholine acetylhydrolase). It is an enzyme that speeds up the decomposition of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and a few other choline esters:
Acetylcholine with water produce acetate and choline.
It is mostly located at neuromuscular junctions and in cholinergic chemical synapses, where its activity stops synaptic transmission. It is a member of the enzyme family known as carboxylesterase. It is the main enzyme that organophosphorus substances like pesticides and nerve poisons block.
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There are approximately 200 different types of cells in the human body, although all cells are dependent on other cells to
perform body functions. Explain how your model supports this statement?
Answer:
Without being able to see your model, it is difficult for me to answer your question, though I have done what I can to help you understand better.
Explanation:
In the human body, different types of cells have specialized functions that allow them to perform specific tasks. For example, nerve cells are specialized for transmitting electrical signals, while muscle cells are specialized for contracting to produce movement. Despite their specialized functions, however, all cells in the human body depend on other cells to perform their functions properly. This is because the body's various systems, such as the circulatory, nervous, and digestive systems, are made up of many different types of cells that work together to maintain the body's overall health and function. For example, nerve cells need support from other cells such as glial cells in order to properly transmit signals, and muscle cells need nutrients and oxygen supplied by the blood in order to contract and move. In this way, the different types of cells in the human body are dependent on each other to perform their functions and maintain the body's overall health.
The rabbit population increased during years when the death rate was (lower/higher) than the birth rate, reflecting a higher carrying capacity.
A) higher
B) lower
The rabbit population increased during years when the death rate was lower than the birth rate, reflecting a higher carrying capacity.
What is carrying capacity?The carrying capacity of an environment is described as the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available.
Population is known to refer to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world.
The primary and I think the most obvious cause of population growth is an imbalance between births and deaths.
In the diagram shown, we can see an increase or growth in population when the death rate increases depicting an imbalance between death and births.
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What are other defenses the body has, in addition to its immune system, that help prevent infection and illness? A. Skin, tears, mucus, and saliva, which act as barriers to pathogens B. Nerve signals and hormones, which regulate body functions C. White blood cells and antibodies, which destroy pathogens D. The stomach, intestines, and liver, which digest bacteria and viruses
Answer:
A. Skin, tears, mucus, and saliva, which act as barriers to pathogens.
what is a weakness or limitation for using orbeez as a model for a cell?
Answer:
You cant make the organells that detailled or make them at all for that matter?
Explanation:
in the process of glycolysis, four atp molecules are synthesized from four adp molecules. why does glycolysis not yield four molecules of atp?
The net benefit of glycolysis is only two ATP because the two ATP molecules are consumed in initial part of glycolysis, even if the four ATP molecules are created in second half.
One glucose molecule initiates glycolysis, which culminates with two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules, four ATP molecules overall, and two NADH molecules. The cell has the net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules for usage since the two ATP molecules were required in the first half of the route to prepare six-carbon ring for cleavage. Only two ATP molecules will be produced from a molecule of glucose if the organism is unable to further catabolize pyruvate molecules (through the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle). Pyruvate kinase, the enzyme that catalyzes the production of pyruvate, must be present in sufficient amounts for the final stage of glycolysis to take place.
The entire glycolysis pathway will in this case ,the full glycolysis pathway will continue to function, but the second half will only produce two ATP molecules (instead of the usual four ATP molecules). As a result, the rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis is pyruvate kinase.
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Which of the following can affect the rate of photosynthesis? Select all that apply.
- Amount of water
- Amount of oxygen
- Amount of glucose
- Light intensity
- Amount of carbon dioxide
- Temperature
The amount of water, oxygen, light intensity, carbon dioxide content, and temperature can all have an impact on how quickly photosynthesis occurs.
How do you calculate the rate of photosynthesis?By enclosing a leaf in a closed, transparent chamber and monitoring the decline in carbon dioxide content over time, the rate of leaf photosynthetic activity may be calculated. Outside of the chamber, the light flux density is measured, and it needs to be adjusted for the transmittance of the chamber.
What are the photosynthetic rate units?A measure of the maximum pace at which leaves can fix carbon during photosynthesis is called photosynthetic capacity. It is commonly expressed as the quantity of fixed CO2 per mol m-2 sec-1.
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how do papillary muscles prevent atrioventricular valve cusps from everting (swinging upward) into the atria?
Atrioventricular valve cusps are prevented from everting (swinging upward into the atria) by contracting papillary muscles.
The chordae tendineae are pulled when the papillary muscles contract, which prevents the atrioventricular valves' cusps from opening and allowing blood to return to the atria. Thin, fibrous tissue strands known as chordae tendineae join the two atrioventricular valves—the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve—to the ventricles. The cusps or flaps of each valve are held in place by the chordae tendineae and papillary muscle. Pressure gradients across the valves cause the mitral and tricuspid valve cusps to close as the ventricles contract. Blood may leak backward or vomit if the chordae tendineae are not sufficiently taut, so the cusps can shut properly. The mitral valve cusps, in this instance, are prolapsing or failing to seal completely. From the ventricle, blood is dripping back into the left atrium.
Hence, papillary muscle with chordae tendineae holds cusp of valve.
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refer to the genetic code in the list of materials to answer this question. which amino acid corresponds to the codon acc?
Threonine amino acid corresponds to the codon ACC.
Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are also utilized to create polypeptides. Codons, a set of three nucleotides, are used to code for amino acids. The amino acid threonine is encoded by the codon ACC. Numerous codons specify the majority of the amino acids. This is not shocking at all. For instance, four codons indicate glycine, valine, proline, threonine, and alanine, whereas six codons specify leucine, serine, and arginine.
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the biggest problem with the shotgun technique is its tendency to underestimate the size of the genome. which of the following might best account for this? a) skipping some of the clones to be sequenced b) missing some of the overlapping regions of the clones c) counting some of the overlapping regions of the clones twice d) having some of the clones die during the experiment and therefore not be represented
Option D. is correct, The shotgun method's major flaw is its propensity to overestimate the size of the genome.
The DNA sequence of an organism's genome can be ascertained in a lab setting using a process called shotgun sequencing. The process entails randomly dividing the genome into tiny DNA fragments that are then individually sequenced. First proposed in 1979, whole genome shotgun sequencing for small (4000 to 7000 base-pair) genomes. The genome of the cauliflower mosaic virus was the first one to be shotgun sequenced and was made public in 1981. Hierarchical shotgun sequencing, which requires the first generation of a low-resolution map of the genome, is slower than whole-genome shotgun sequencing but uses fewer computer methods.
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what are the genotypes of the parents in the first cross (the cross that produced 12 black offspring)?
BB x bb are the genotypes of the parents in the first cross (the cross that produced 12 black offspring).
Alleles are distinct variants of a gene. Every gene in somatic cells has two alleles, one from each of the organism's parents. It is frequently impossible to tell from an organism's outer appearance which two alleles of a gene are present within its chromosomes. An organism's hidden or under expressed allele, however, can still be passed on to its progeny and express itself in a subsequent generation.
The first person to explain how qualities are handed down from one generation to the next was Gregor Mendel (and sometimes skip generations). Mendel developed three laws of inheritance that characterized the transfer of genetic features before genes were even known through his breeding experiments with pea plants. Mendel's discoveries significantly increased scientists' understanding of genetic inheritance and helped to create new experimental techniques.
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