Combustion of 31.68 g of a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produces 36.67 g CO₂ and 15.01 g H₂O. the empirical formula of the compound is CH₂O.
given that :
mass of CO₂ = 36.67 g
mass of H₂O = 15.01 g
total mass of compound = 31.68 g
moles of CO₂ = 36.67 / 44
= 0.833 mol
moles of C = 0.833 mol
moles of H₂O = 15.01 / 18
= 0.833 mol
moles of H = 2(0.833)
= 1.667 mol
mass of carbon = 0.833 × 12
= 10 g
mass of hydrogen = 1.667 × 1
= 1.667 g
mass of oxygen = 31.68 - ( 10 + 1.67 )
= 20 g
moles of Oxygen = 20 / 16
= 1.25 mol
dividing by the smallest one :
C = 0.833 / 0.833 = 1
H = 2
O = 1
The empirical formula is CH₂O.
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match each process of the nitrogen cycle with the form of nitrogen that is produced. labels may be used more than once.
Matching each process of the nitrogen cycle with the form of nitrogen that is produced is combustion: NO2; decomposition: NH4+; nitrogen fixation: NH4+; denitrification: N2; and nitrification: NO3-.
The nitrogen cycle refers to the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it moves among terrestrial, atmospheric, and marine ecosystems. It is a repeating cycle of processes during which nitrogen circulates through both living and non-living things: the atmosphere, soil, water, plants, animals, and bacteria. In order to move through the different parts of the cycle, nitrogen must change forms. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. The nitrogen converts into NO2 through stationary combustion and into NH4+ through decomposition. Fixation converts nitrogen in the atmosphere into forms that plants produce i.e., NH4+. Denitrification is the process that converts nitrate to nitrogen gas, producing N2. Nitrification is the process that converts ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate producing NO3-.
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Oil and methane hydrates are both physical ocean resources found beneath the seafloor. List two other similarities between oil and methane hydrates.
Crude oil is a mixture of nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen, and volatile hydrocarbons. Methane hydrate is a particular kind of clathrate made up of water and low molecular weight gases like methane.
Fossil deposits under the seafloor are what make up oil. It is an organic chemical that was created by the deposition of organisms on the seafloor. Additionally, methane hydrates are created after marine creatures deposit. Under the ocean's surface, one can find both oil and methane hydrates.
Similarities between both the Oil and methane hydrates are :
They both came from the ocean floor.They come from fossil fuels.They are created by decaying aquatic life.They are an energy source that is not renewable.They were mostly made of hydrogen and carbon.Both contribute to climate danger.Under high pressure and low temperature, they solidified.To learn more about Oil and methane hydrates refer here
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Which of the following compounds are the same?
Compound 1 is composed of 67 g of H and 33 g of F.
Compound 2 is composed of 29 g of Na and 71 g of Br.
Compound 3 is composed of 39 g of Na and 61 g of Br.
Compound 4 is composed of 33 g of F and 67 g of H.
A. Compounds 1 and 4
B. Compounds 2 and 3
C. Compounds 1 and 2
D. Compounds 2 and 4
The option among the given compounds that are the same compound is: Compounds 2 and 3
Th correct option is B.
What are compounds?Compounds are substances that are composed of two or more elements chemically combined together.
Compounds can be formed by the combination of two non-metals or a metal and a non-metal.
Compounds formed from the combination of two non-metals are covalent compounds.
Compounds formed from the combination of a metal and a non-metal are called ionic compounds since they form oppositely-charged ions.
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Radioisotopic dating estimates the age of objects based on the fact that the half-life of any radioactive isotope is _____.a fixed value
The time it takes for one-half of the radioactive parent isotope to decay into the daughter isotope is known as the half-life.
As a result, if we begin with 1 gram of the parent isotope, there will only be 0.5 gram of the parent isotope left after 1 half-life. The fundamental idea behind radiometric dating is that by comparing an isotope's presence in a sample to its abundance on Earth and its known half-life (rate of decay), you may determine the sample's age. A radiometric dating technique is radiocarbon dating, often known as carbon-14 dating. It determines the age of carbon-bearing by using the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 (14C).
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from each partial (valence level) orbital diagram, write the ground-state electron configuration and group number
The electron configuration and group number is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10
What is electron configuration?Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals. It describes the energy levels, orbitals, and the number of electrons in each of the atom's orbitals. Electron configuration provides an understanding of the atom's structure, reactivity, and the likelihood of chemical reactions to occur. It also serves as a predictor of the atom's physical and chemical properties. Electron configuration is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus and the principal quantum number of the electron.
This is the ground-state electron configuration for the element titanium, which is located in group 4 of the periodic table.
The 1s orbital is filled with two electrons, the 2s orbital is filled with two electrons, the 2p orbital is filled with six electrons, the 3s orbital is filled with two electrons, the 3p orbital is filled with six electrons, the 4s orbital is filled with two electrons, and the 3d orbital is filled with ten electrons. This configuration of electrons corresponds with titanium's position in group 4 of the periodic table, which contains elements with four valence electrons in the outermost energy level.
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What percentage is the smell from monomer on the Paper towel
Answer: It is the radiation of energy.
Explanation:
Define the following: Renwable energy and non-Renwable energy.
A resource can be classified as renewable or nonrenewable based on whether it can replace itself at the rate it is used up or whether it has a finite supply.
What exactly is renewable energy?Energy obtained from natural resources that are renewed more quickly than they are used up is referred to as renewable energy. Such sources that are constantly replenished include the sun and the wind, for instance. Non-renewable energy comes from energy sources that will ultimately exhaust themselves or cannot be regenerated, not even after countless ages. Fossil fuels, such as petroleum, natural gas, and coal, are the non-renewable energy sources that are most often used.A resource can be classified as renewable or nonrenewable based on whether it can replace itself at the rate it is used up or whether it has a finite supply. Timber, wind, and solar power are examples of renewable resources, whereas coal and natural gas are examples of non-renewable resources.To learn more about Renewable energy refer to:
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Is this ammonia a polar or non polar molecule
which of the following is not a network solid? selected answer: correctc. co2(s) correct answer: correctc. co2(s)
We were aware that SiO2 is a network covalent solid and that CO2 is a molecular solid, but I'm not sure how I would go about determining that.
Each silicon and carbon have the same number of valence electrons, and they both contain two oxygen atoms. Because solid sulfur dioxide is a molecule and has covalent bonds, it is not a network solid even if it is a solid and has covalent bonds. An example of a network solid is diamond. One of the many forms of elemental carbon found in nature, diamond is an allotrope of carbon. On an atomic level, it resembles this. The carbon atoms are linked together by the lines.
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Which of these reactions leads to a change in the hybridization of one or more carbon atoms? oxidation of an alcohol to yield a carboxylic acid neutralization of an amine using a strong mineral substitution of an aromatic ring using a halogen free radical halogenation of an alkane hydrolysis of an ester to yield an acid and an alcohol
All of these reactions can potentially lead to a change in the hybridization of one or more carbon atoms, but the extent of the change and the specific details of the reaction will depend on the specific reaction being considered.
Oxidation of an alcohol to yield a carboxylic acid: This reaction typically involves the addition of an oxygen atom to the carbon atom that was bonded to the hydroxyl group in the alcohol, as well as the removal of two hydrogen atoms. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atom, depending on the specific alcohol being oxidized and the conditions of the reaction.
Neutralization of an amine using a strong mineral acid: This reaction typically involves the addition of a proton to the nitrogen atom in the amine, as well as the removal of a hydroxyl group. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the nitrogen atom, depending on the specific amine being neutralized and the conditions of the reaction.
Substitution of an aromatic ring using a halogen: This reaction typically involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring with a halogen atom. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to the hydrogen atom that is replaced, depending on the specific aromatic compound and the conditions of the reaction.
Halogenation of an alkane: This reaction typically involves the substitution of one or more hydrogen atoms on an alkane with a halogen atom. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atoms bonded to the hydrogen atoms that are replaced, depending on the specific alkane and the conditions of the reaction.
Hydrolysis of an ester to yield an acid and an alcohol: This reaction typically involves the addition of a hydroxyl group to the carbon atom that was bonded to the ester group, as well as the removal of the oxygen atom that was bonded to the same carbon atom. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atom, depending on the specific ester being hydrolyzed and the conditions of the reaction.
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I need help please!!
A. The units remaining after the conversion is mi
B. The units remaining after the conversion is atoms
A. How do I determine the units remaining?
From the question given above, the following expression was obtained:
in × ft/in × mi/ ftTo know the unit that will remain, we shall simplify the expression. Details below:
in × (ft/in) × (mi/ ft)
Cancel out in
ft × (mi/ ft)
Cancel out ft
mi
Thus, the unit remaining is mi
B. How do I determine the units remaining?
From the question given above, the following expression was obtained:
g × mol/g × atoms/ molTo know the unit that will remain, we shall simplify the expression. Details below:
g × (mol/g) × (atoms/ mol)
Cancel out g
mol × (atoms/ mol)
Cancel out mol
atoms
Thus, the unit remaining is atoms
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curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. follow the arrows to predict the intermediate and product of reaction nah
The arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. follow the arrows to predict the intermediate and product of reaction , the product is :
CH₃ - C -CH₃ + H₂O + ⁻OCH₃
||
O
The reaction is in between the 2 methoxypropan-2-ol and the hydroxide ion. the OH⁻ ion is the strong nucleophile and contain the negative charged. the hydroxyl group acts as a proton of the compound is acidic because of the electronegativity difference. the hydroxyl ion takes protons and form the water.
The reaction is given as follows :
OH
|
CH₃ - C - OCH₃ + OH⁻ ----> CH₃ - C -CH₃ + H₂O + ⁻OCH₃
| ||
CH₃ O
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suppose of ammonium sulfate is dissolved in of a aqueous solution of sodium chromate. calculate the final molarity of ammonium cation in the solution. you can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the ammonium sulfate is dissolved in it. round your answer to significant digits.
The final molarity of the ammonium cation in the solution is 0.066M.
Firstly, we need to calculate the number of moles of ammonium sulfate:
No of moles = mass(g)/molar mass
No of moles = 2.57/132.14
No of moles = 0.0195 mol
When ammonium sulfate dissolves in sodium chromate, the following reaction will take place:
(NH₄)₂SO₄ + Na₂CrO₄ ------> (NH₄)₂CrO₄ + Na₂SO₄
No of Moles of sodium chromate = molarity x volume
= 66 x 0.200
No of moles of Sodium Chromate = 0.0132 mol
According to the reaction, 1 mol of sodium chromate produces 1 mol of ammonium chromate.
In this reaction, the sodium chromate amount is less than ammonium sulfate.
It can be concluded that Sodium chromate is a limiting reagent.
Therefore 0.0134 mol of ammonium cation is present in the resulting solution.
Molarity of ammonium cation = 0.0134 mol / 0.2 L
Molarity = 0.066 M
Therefore, 0.066M is the Molarity of the ammonium cation.
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The Cori cycle is a metabolic pathway that involves active muscles and the liver. fatty acids glucose → glucose glycolysis → ATP gluconeo- genesis ATP CO2 + H2O lactate lactate LIVER MUSCLE Complete the sentences about the Cori cycle. Muscles break down into , which undergoes glycolysis. The end product of glycolysis in active muscles is , which is transported in the blood. The liver uses energy from to drive The produced in the liver is transported to the muscle in the bloodstream. Answer Banklactate pyruvate fatty acid oxidation glycolysis glycogen gluconeogenesis glucose
The process of moving lactate from cells that are engaged in anaerobic metabolism to the liver, where it is used to deliver glucose back to the cells, is known as the Cori cycle.
It serves as an illustration of one of the vital functions of the liver in ensuring that the body has an adequate supply of glucose. Gluconeogenesis has examples like the Cori cycle. It is true that the Cori cycle uses the liver's gluconeogenesis to change the lactate that muscles create into glucose. To be utilized by other cells throughout the body, this freshly created glucose is discharged into the blood. The Cori cycle, which transforms lactic acid into Glycogen, which can be used as a source of energy, prevents the excessive accumulation of lactic acid.
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Draw structural formulas for the product formed by treating each compound with propylmagnesium bromide followed by aqueous HCl.
(a) CH2O
(b) (c) (d)
The structural formulas for the product formed by treating each compound with propyl magnesium bromide followed by aqueous HCl is given as follows :
CH₃CH₂CH₂ - CH₂ - OH
butanol
The propyl magnesium bromide , the formula is given as follows :
CH₃CH₂CH₂ -MgBr
when it react with compound CH₂O , the product formed is the butan - 1 - ol. the structural formula is given as follows :
CH₃CH₂CH₂ - CH₂ - OH
butanol
The propyl magnesium bromide is acts as grinard reagent which react with CH₂O and will form the alcohol, that butanol. here the CH₂O is called as the formaldehyde.
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Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. What is the boiling point for water on the Kelvin scale? K = °C + 273 and °C = K - 273
Answer:
the answer is 373
Explanation:
K=°C + 273
K=100+273=373
Which of the following is an observation of a chemical property?
Ozinc reacts with hydrochloric acid
density of wood is 0.51 g/cm³
water boils at 100°C.
sand paper is roughly textured
The right answer to the previous question and the correct observation of a chemical property is that zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid.
ZnCl2 +H2 = Zn +2HCL
Balanced equation:
ZnCl2 + H2 Zn + 2HCL
Zinc is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Zn and the atomic number 30. When the oxidation is removed, zinc turns shiny-greyish and at room temperature turns into a somewhat brittle metal.
All living things, including people, animals, plants, and microorganisms, depend on the trace metal zinc. It is the trace metal that is present in people in the second-highest concentration after iron. Zinc is an essential nutrient for development and a key cofactor for various enzymes. A lack of zinc can lead to a variety of diseases. Deficiency can lead to diarrhoea, infection susceptibility, and slower growth.
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when applied research is conducted in settings outside the laboratory, which of the following can be a problem?
when applied research is conducted in settings outside the laboratory, the focus on a specific real world problem can be a problem.
The configuration and contents of laboratories are determined by the diverse needs of the specialists that work inside. A laboratory might have a particle accelerator or a vacuum chamber, whereas a metallurgy lab might have tools for casting, refining, or evaluating the strength of metals. A psychologist would utilise a room with one-way mirrors and covert cameras to examine behaviour in their lab, whereas a biologist or chemist might employ a wet laboratory. In laboratories, such as those where computer scientists typically operate, computers (and occasionally supercomputers) are sometimes utilised for either simulations or data processing. Scientists in other professions will continue to use a variety of labs. In laboratories, engineers build, assemble, and test technical objects.
The complete question is:
when applied research is conducted in settings outside the laboratory, which of the following can be a problem?
a. examines the basic laws of human behavior
b. is just as likely to occur in the laboratory as in the field
c. focuses on a specific real world problem
d. has no connection with theory
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an object with unknown density is tested in two beakers. beaker 1 contains liquid with a density of 1.5 g/ml, and beaker 2 contains liquid with a density of 2.0 g/ml. the object sinks in both beakers. which of the following statements about the object's density is true?
A 1.5 g/ml of liquid is present in beaker 1 and 2.0 g/ml of liquid is present in beaker 2. In both beakers, the item sinks. The item has a density of more than 2.0 g/cm³.
a material substance's density is defined as its mass per unit volume. D is density, M is mass, and V is volume, therefore the formula for density is d = M/V. In terms of grammes per cubic centimetre, density is frequently expressed. As an illustration, the density of water is 1 g/cc, whereas the density of the Earth is 5.51 g/cc. As kilos per cubic metre, density can also be calculated (in metre-kilogram-second or SI units). As an illustration, the air has a density of 1.2 kilogrammes per cubic metre. Textbooks and manuals contain lists of the densities of common solids, liquids, and gases. It is simple to determine a body's mass from its volume, or vice versa, using its density.
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Benedict test is commonly done for what?
The primary application of Benedict's test is to detect the presence of simple carbohydrates in an unidentified analyte.
Answer:
!
Benedict test is commonly done to detect
Which of the following equations represents a reaction for which the standard entropy change is positive?
a) 3 O₂(g) --> 2 O₃(g)
b) 2 H₂(g) + O₂(g) --> 2 H₂O(l)
c) CaCO₃(s) --> CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
d) I₂(g) + 2 K(s) --> 2KI(s)
The correct response is A) The change in gaseous moles n g must be largest, indicating the formation of more gaseous products, which enhances unpredictability and, hence, entropy positive.
Entropy increases as a substance transitions from a solid to a liquid to a gas, and by observing the phases of the reactants and products, you can determine if an entropy change is positive or negative. Entropy will rise once the number of gas moles increases. The environment's negative entropy change is significantly outweighed by the system's positive entropy change. We can see that the system's entropy change is positive.
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What is the concentration in ppb of sulfur atoms if 120.0g of water is mixed with 0.00005g of sulfur
Answer:
the ppb ratio of sulfur atoms is 1/250.
Explanation: i do math for livin cuh
state amagats law of combining volume, giving both mathematical and graphical representation
According to the amagats law , the total pressure that is occupied by a gas is a sum of its partial volumes.
What is the volume of a gas?
We know that the volume of a gas has to do with the space that is being occupied by the gas. This is actually the physical space that has been taken up by the gas.
We know that a gas takes up the entire volume of the container. The volume of the container that is taken up by each of the gasses that can be found in a given mixture of gases is not the same.
As such we can be able to speak of the partial volume of a gas which is the space that the gas is able to take up in a mixture of gasses. This is the fraction of the volume of the container that has been occupied by the particular gas that is in question.
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What are the spectator ions in the reaction between aqueous hydrochloric acid and ammonia?
The correct answer to the given question about Spectator ions in Hydrochloric acid and ammonia reaction is option E) Cl- Only.
The term "spectator ion" refers to an ion that can be found in a chemical equation both as a reactant and a product. In the reaction of aqueous solutions, a spectator ion can therefore be seen. Aqueous hydrogen chloride solutions are what we refer to as hydrochloric acid or muriatic acid. It has an unmistakable unpleasant fragrance and is colorless. Strong acid is how one would describe it. Most animal species, including humans, have it as a part of their gastric acid in their digestive tracts. A naturally occurring substance with the formula NH3, ammonia is a combination of nitrogen and hydrogen. Ammonia, a stable binary hydride and the most basic pnictogen hydride, is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor.
Question
What are the spectator ions in the reaction between aqueous hydrochloric acid and ammonia?
A) H+ and NH3
B) H+, Cl-, NH3 and NH4+
C) Cl- and [tex]NH_{4}^{+}[/tex]
D) H+, Cl- and NH4+
E) Cl- Only
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The equilibrium constant for a particular reaction has been measured at different temperatures. The results are plotted below: n A I/T Determine the correct thermodynamic properties for this reaction:(Warning!: There is a maximum of 2 attempts for this question) O endothermic with Aso o O exothermic with ASo < 0 O exothermic with aso > 0 O endothermic with ASo o O more information is needed Submit AnswerIncorrect. Tries 1/2 Previous Tries
Therefore, option an is the best choice and the equilibrium constant is 0.32. The best choice is that.
The equilibrium constant's value falls as temperature rises. An rise in temperature increases the value of the equilibrium constant when the forward reaction is endothermic. As the temperature fluctuates, so does the equilibrium position. For elements in their standard condition, G0f G f 0 is taken into consideration as zero. As a result, the reaction's standard change in Gibb's free energy at 25 degrees Celsius is 98.746 kJ. Since there is no longer any free energy to fuel the process at equilibrium, G=0.
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How many grams of calcium chloride will be produced when 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is combined with 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid?
Answer: To determine how many grams of calcium chloride will be produced when 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is combined with 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid, we can use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
CaCO3 + 2 HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
From the equation, we can see that for every mole of calcium carbonate that reacts, one mole of calcium chloride is produced. We can use the molar masses of each compound to convert the number of grams of each reactant to moles, and then use the mole ratios from the balanced chemical equation to determine the number of moles of calcium chloride produced.
The molar mass of calcium carbonate is 100.09 g/mol, so 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is equal to 0.269 moles. The molar mass of hydrochloric acid is 36.46 g/mol, so 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid is equal to 0.302 moles.
From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that for every mole of calcium carbonate that reacts, two moles of hydrochloric acid are needed. This means that we have an excess of hydrochloric acid, and the limiting reactant in this reaction is calcium carbonate. Therefore, the number of moles of calcium chloride produced will be equal to the number of moles of calcium carbonate consumed, which is 0.269 moles.
To determine the mass of calcium chloride produced, we can multiply the number of moles of calcium chloride by its molar mass. The molar mass of calcium chloride is 110.98 g/mol, so the mass of calcium chloride produced is 0.269 moles * 110.98 g/mol = 29.8 g.
Therefore, when 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is combined with 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid, 29.8 g of calcium chloride will be produced.
At 25 °C, only 0.0140
mol of the generic salt AB is soluble in 1.00 L of water.
What is the sp
of the salt at 25 °C?
AB(s)↽−−⇀A+(aq)+B−(aq)
Correct task : At 25°C, only 0.0140 mol of the generic salt AB3 is soluble in 1.00 L of water. What is the Ksp of this salt at 25°C.
Solution:
When the salt dissolves, it dissociates as follows:
AB3 --> A3+ + 3B⁻
--S--------S-------3S--
The molar solubility (S) is the number of moles that can dissolve in 1 L of solution.
Molar solubility of salt is (0.0140 mol) / (1.00 L) = 0.0140 mol/L.
According to the dissociation equation:
Solubility of A3+ is 0.0140 mol/L and solubility of B⁻ is 3×0.0140 mol= 0.0420 mol/L.
[A3+] = 0.0140 mol/L.
[B⁻] = 0.0420 mol/L.
Ksp is the solubility product constant and calculated as follows:
Ksp(AB3) = [A3+] × [B⁻]3
Ksp(AB3) = [0.0140] × [0.0420]3
Ksp(AB3) = 10.37×10-7.
Ksp of this salt is 1.04×10-6.
Answer: 1.04×10-6 is the Ksp of this salt at 25°C.
Why the sulphides precipitate of group IIA should be washed with distilled water and then centrifuged before addition of dilution solution of HNO3?
Because of the fact that certain ions and impurities are adsorbed on the precipitate's surface. Precipitate is washed with tap water in order to eliminate these contaminants since water will wash away any pollutants that are still soluble in it.
Why are ions formed?Ions are electrically charged particles that may be produced by either taking electrons away from neutrality atoms to form positive ions or adding electrons to neutral atom to form negative ions. The quantity of protons remains constant during the creation of an ion.
Are ions a form of energy?Negative ions are believed to trigger biochemical processes that enhance serotonin levels once they enter our blood, which helps to reduce depression, reduce stress, and improve energy.
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a molecule of water contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass. this is a statement of . group of answer choices the law of conservation of mass the law of constant composition the law of conservation of energy none of the above the law of multiple proportions
A molecule of water contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass. this is a statement of the law of constant composition. Option B.
A water molecule is composed of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms bonded in a 2:1 ratio. Due to their fixed mass ratios, water molecules obey the law of constant proportions. Another example of a compound that obeys the law of constant ratios is methane.
To illustrate this, consider the production of water from molecular oxygen and hydrogen. Therefore mass is conserved. Conservation of mass can be used in chemical calculations. The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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Briefly describe each layer of Earth.
The layers of the earth include the following;troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It's explanation will be discussed below.
What are the layers of the earth?The layers of the earth are grouped into five major layers that includes the following:
Troposphere: This is the layer of the earth that is closest to the earth's surface. It is characterized by having 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and remainder of trace gases (carbon dioxide, ozone, hydrocarbons, argon).
Stratosphere: This layers is located immediately above the troposphere. This layer is where ozone formation occurs and it's suitable for flying jets. It can be said that the stratosphere helps to protect us against ultraviolet rays of the sunlight.
Mesosphere: This is the layer found immediately above the stratosphere. This layer is characterized by having internal atmospheric gravity waves.
Thermosphere: This is the layer that is found immediately above the Mesosphere. It has the ability to absorb the sun's radiation.
Exosphere: This is the layer that is found immediately above the thermosphere. There is accumulation of the lightest gases such as hydrogen and helium in this layer.
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