Answer:
Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻
Explanation:
In a chemical reaction, spectator ions are ions that are not involved in the reaction, that means are the same before and after the reaction.
In water, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂ is dissociated in Ca²⁺ and OH⁻. Also, hydrochloric acid, HCl, dissociates in H⁺ and Cl⁻. The reaction is:
Ca²⁺ + 2OH⁻ + 2H⁺ + 2Cl⁻ → 2H₂O + Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻
The ions that react are H⁺ and OH⁻ (Acid and base producing water)
And the ions that are not reacting, spectator ions, are:
Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻Nitric oxide (NO) can be formed from nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen in two steps. In the first step, nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia: (g) (g) (g) In the second step, ammonia and oxygen react to form nitric oxide and water: (g) (g) (g) (g) Calculate the net change in enthalpy for the formation of one mole of nitric oxide from nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen from these reactions. Round your answer to the nearest .
Answer: [tex]\Delta H = -272.25kJ[/tex] for 1 mole of NO.
Explanation: Hess' Law of Constant Summation or Hess' Law states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction with multiple stages is the sum of the enthalpies of all the changes.
For this question:
1) [tex]N_{2}_{(g)} + 3H_{2}_{(g)}[/tex] => [tex]2NH_{3}_{(g)}[/tex] [tex]\Delta H=-92kJ[/tex]
2) [tex]4NH_{3}_{(g)}+5O_{2}_{(g)}[/tex] => [tex]4NO_{(g)}+6H_{2}O_{(g)}[/tex] [tex]\Delta H=-905kJ[/tex]
Amonia ([tex]NH_{3}_{(g)}[/tex]) appeares as product in the first equation and as reagent in the 2 reaction, so when adding both, there is no need to inverse reactions. However, in the 2nd, there are 4 moles of that molecule, so to cancel it, you have to multiply by 2 the first chemical equation and enthalpy:
[tex]2N_{2}_{(g)} + 6H_{2}_{(g)}[/tex] => [tex]4NH_{3}_{(g)}[/tex] [tex]\Delta H=-184kJ[/tex]
Now, adding them:
[tex]2N_{2}_{(g)} + 6H_{2}_{(g)}[/tex] => [tex]4NH_{3}_{(g)}[/tex] [tex]\Delta H=-184kJ[/tex]
[tex]4NH_{3}_{(g)}+5O_{2}_{(g)}[/tex] => [tex]4NO_{(g)}+6H_{2}O_{(g)}[/tex] [tex]\Delta H=-905kJ[/tex]
[tex]2N_{2}_{(g)}+6H_{2}_{(g)}+5O_{2}_{(g)}=>4NO_{(g)}+6H_{2}O_{(g)}[/tex] [tex]\Delta H = -185-905[/tex]
[tex]2N_{2}_{(g)}+6H_{2}_{(g)}+5O_{2}_{(g)}=>4NO_{(g)}+6H_{2}O_{(g)}[/tex] [tex]\Delta H = -1089kJ[/tex]
Note net enthalpy is for the formation of 4 moles of nitric oxide.
For 1 mole:
[tex]\Delta H = \frac{-1089}{4}[/tex]
[tex]\Delta H=-272.25kJ[/tex]
To form 1 mol of nitric oxide from nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, net change in enthalpy is [tex]\Delta H=-272.25kJ[/tex].
A strand of messenger RNA coding the synthesis of a protein with 146 amino acids must have a string of___________ bases along its backbone. a. 146 b. 292 c. 438 d. 20 e. 3
Answer:
Since the relationship between amino acid and codon bases would be the values of 3 nitrogenous bases per 1 amino acid.
knowing this relationship what you would do is simply multiply 146 x 3 to find the number of codon bases which would be C. 438.
A strand of messenger RNA coding the synthesis of a protein with 146 amino acids must have a string of 438 bases along its backbone and the correct option is option C.
What is messenger RNA?mRNA or messenger RNA is a single stranded RNA molecule. It is complementary to the DNA and carries genetic information present in the DNA. It is translated to form proteins. The genetic codes (triplet) present on mRNA get translated to amino acids, giving rise to the functional product of a gene.
So mRNA really is a form of nucleic acid, which helps the human genome which is coded in DNA to be read by the cellular machinery. mRNA is actually the translated form of DNA that the machinery can recognize and use to assemble amino acids into proteins.
Each strand has 3 bases, so 146 × 3 = 438 bases
Therefore, A strand of messenger RNA coding the synthesis of a protein with 146 amino acids must have a string of 438 bases along its backbone and the correct option is option C.
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An SN2 reaction is a type of _____________ in which the nucleophile attacks the electrophile.
Answer:
A bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction is a type of nucleophilic substitution whereby a lone pair of electrons on a nucleophile attacks an electron deficient electrophilic center and bonds to it, resulting in the expulsion of a leaving group.
An object has a mass of 4.9g and a volume of 14.ml.what is the density of the object?
Answer:
0.35 g/mL
Explanation:
Use the formula D = [tex]\frac{m}{v}[/tex], where D is density, m is mass, and v is volume.
D = 4.9/14
D = 0.35
D = 0.35 g/mL
A 2.87g sample of carbon reacts with hydrogen to form 3.41g of car fuel. What is the empirical formula of the car fuel?
Answer:
The empirical formulae for the car fuel is C4H9
which law states that the pressure and absolue tempeture of a fixed quantity of gas are directly proportional under constant volume conditions?
Answer:
Gay lussacs law
Explanation:
what is the lewis structure for OP(N3)3
Explanation:
this is the ans
hope this helps
The equation represents the decomposition of a generic diatomic element in its standard state. 12X2(g)⟶X(g) Assume that the standard molar Gibbs energy of formation of X(g) is 4.25 kJ·mol−1 at 2000. K and −63.12 kJ·mol−1 at 3000. K. Determine the value of K (the thermodynamic equilibrium constant) at each temperature.
Answer:
[tex]K^{2000K}=0.774\\\\K^{3000K}=12.56[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, considering the reaction, we can compute the Gibbs free energy of reaction at each temperature, taking into account that the Gibbs free energy for the diatomic element is 0 kJ/mol:
[tex]\Delta _rG=\Delta _fG_{X}-\frac{1}{2} \Delta _fG_{X_2}=\Delta _fG_{X}[/tex]
Thus, at 2000 K:
[tex]\Delta _rG=\Delta _fG_{X}^{2000K}=4.25kJ/mol[/tex]
And at 3000 K:
[tex]\Delta _rG=\Delta _fG_{X}^{3000K}=-63.12kJ/mol[/tex]
Next, since the relationship between the equilibrium constant and the Gibbs free energy of reaction is:
[tex]K=exp(-\frac{\Delta _rG}{RT} )[/tex]
Thus, at each temperature we obtain:
[tex]K^{2000K}=exp(-\frac{4250J/mol}{8.314\frac{J}{mol\times K}*2000K} )=0.774\\\\K^{3000K}=exp(-\frac{-63120J/mol}{8.314\frac{J}{mol\times K}*3000K} )=12.56[/tex]
In such a way, we can also conclude that at 2000 K reaction is unfavorable (K<1) and at 3000 K reaction is favorable (K>1).
Best regards.
Which of the following goes through the largest volumetric change? Question 4 options: A) Water when it's heated from 1oC to 99oC B) Water when it freezes into ice C) Ice when it melts into water D) Water when it boils into steam
Answer:
Water when it freezes into ice
Explanation:
Most liquids expand when heated and contract when cooled, water behaves in an anomalous fashion. Water rather expands when cooled and contracts when heated.
Water usually contracts on cooling from any temperature until 4°C, after 4°C, the water begins to expand rapidly. Hence water has its least volume at 4°C and increases rapidly afterwards.
Thus the largest volume change for water occurs during freezing since it expands when cooled.
A student puts a glass of water in the freezer. Later, he notices ice forming on the surface of the water. Which property of water best explains why ice forms on its surface? A. It is made of polar molecules. B. It has low surface tension. C. It has weak adhesion. D. It is densest as a solid.
ℯ ℴ ℴ ℴℯℯ
it has a weak adhesion
Place the following compounds in order of increasing strength of intermolecular forces. CH4 CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH3 Group of answer choices CH3CH2CH3 < CH4 < CH3CH3 CH4 < CH3CH3 < CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH3 < CH3CH3 < CH4 CH4 < CH3CH2CH3 < CH3CH3 CH3CH3 < CH4 < CH3CH2CH3
Answer:
CH4 < CH3CH3 < CH3CH2CH3
Explanation:
Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons that undergoes intermolecular Van der waals forces. Van der waals forces are the attractive forces which make it possible for non-polar molecules to form liquids and solids.
Van der waals force are described as intermolecular forces arising from induced fluctuating dipoles in atoms and molecules brought about by movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus.
An example of the Van der waals force is the london dispersion force that occurs in the alkane family. It is the weakest of all electrical forces that act between atoms and molecules, These forces are responsible for liquefaction or solidification of non-polar substances at low temperature.
The strength of the intermolecular forces is based on the number of electrons surrounding the molecule and the surface area of the molecule. SO, in alkanes, the longer the carbon chain, the more stronger the intermolecular forces.
Enter the complementary strand of this DNA strand. Give your answer as a string.
Answer:
atagcca
Explanation:
t goes with a, and c goes with g
atagcca matches with
ta tcggt
conversion of 35 mL to ML
Answer:
1000ml=1l
35ml. = ?
Explanation:
35×1/1000
0.035litres
at 89 ∘C∘C , where [Fe2+]=[Fe2+]= 3.60 MM and [Mg2+]=[Mg2+]= 0.310 MM . Part A What is the value for the reaction quotient, QQQ, for the cell?
Answer:
8.6×10^-2
Explanation:
The reaction is;
Mg(s) + Fe^2+(aq) -----> Mg^2+(aq) + Fe(s)
This implies that;
Q = [Mg^2+]/[Fe^2+]
But;
[Fe2+]= 3.60 M
[Mg2+]= 0.310 M
Q= [0.310 M]/[3.60 M]
Q= 0.086
Q= 8.6×10^-2
How do covalent bonds form? A Sharing valence electrons between atoms. B Donating and receiving valence electrons between atoms. C Opposite slight charges attract each other between compounds. D Scientists are still not sure how they form.
Answer:
A. Sharing valence electrons between atoms.
Explanation:
This is the definition of a covalent bond. Option B describes ionic bonds, Option C describes intermolecular forces, and Option D is wrong because then there wouldn't be any mention of them in our high school chemistry textbooks :).
A monoprotic weak acid, HA , dissociates in water according to the reaction HA(aq)+H2O(l)↽−−⇀H3O+(aq)+A−(aq) The equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products are [HA]=0.260 M , [H3O+]=4.00×10−4 M , and [A−]=4.00×10−4 M . Calculate the Ka value for the acid HA.
Answer:
Ka = 6.15x10⁻⁷
Explanation:
Ka is defined as dissociation constant in the equilibrium of a weak acid with water. The general reaction is:
HA(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇆ H₃O⁺(aq) + A⁻(aq)
And Ka is defined as the ratio between molar concentrations in equilibrium of products over reactants as follows:
Ka = [H₃O⁺] [A⁻] / [HA]
You don't take water in the equilibrium beacuse is a pure liquid
Replacing with the concentrations of the problem:
Ka = [H₃O⁺] [A⁻] / [HA]
Ka = [4.00x10⁻⁴] [4.00x10⁻⁴] / [0.260]
Ka = 6.15x10⁻⁷
The Lewis structure of N2H2 shows ________. Group of answer choices a nitrogen-nitrogen single bond each hydrogen has one nonbonding electron pair each nitrogen has one nonbonding electron pair each nitrogen has two nonbonding electron pairs a nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond
Answer:
one bond between nitrogen and hydrogen and a double bond between the nitrogen atoms.
Explanation:
H-N=N-H
An HCl solution has a concentration of 0.09714 M. Then 10.00 mL of this solution was then diluted to 250.00 mL in a volumetric flask. The diluted solution was then used to titrate 250.0 mL of a saturated AgOH solution using methyl orange indicator to reach the endpoint.
Required:
a. What is the concentration of the diluted HCI solution?
b. If 7.93 mL of the diluted HCI solution was required to reach the endpoint, what is the concentration of OH- in solution?
c. What is the concentration of Ag+ in solution?
d. What is the Ksp expression for the dissolution of AgOH?
Answer:
a. 3.8856x10⁻³M HCl
b. 1.23x10⁻⁴M OH⁻
c. 1.23x10⁻⁴M Ag⁺
d. Ksp = [Ag⁺] [OH⁻]
Explanation:
a. The reaction that you are studying is:
HCl(aq) + AgOH(aq) → H₂O(l) + AgCl(s)
The HCl solution is diluted from 10.00mL to 250.00mL, that is:
250.00mL / 10.00mL = 25 -The solution is diluted 25 times-
As original concentration of HCl is 0.09714M, the concentration of the diluted solution is:
0.09714M / 25 =
3.8856x10⁻³M HClb. 1 mole of HCl reacts per mole of AgOH, moles of HCl that reacts are:
7.93mL = 7.93x10⁻³L × (3.8856x10⁻³mol HCl / L) = 3.0813x10⁻⁵ moles of HCl.
Based on the reaction, you have in solution
3.0813x10⁻⁵ moles of AgOH = Ag⁺ = OH⁻
The AgOH solution was 250.0mL = 0.2500L, its concentration is:
3.0813x10⁻⁵ moles OH⁻ / 0.2500L =
1.23x10⁻⁴M OH⁻c. In solution, AgOH produce Ag⁺ and OH⁻ in equals proportions, that means:
1.23x10⁻⁴M OH⁻ =
1.23x10⁻⁴M Ag⁺d. The solubility product reaction of AgOH(s) is:
AgOH(s) ⇄ Ag⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
Where Ksp for this reaction is defined as:
Ksp = [Ag⁺] [OH⁻]Draw the structure of beeswax.beeswax is made from the esterfication of a saturated 16-carbon fatty acid and a 30 carbon straight chain primary alcohol.
Answer:
Triacontyl palmitate
Explanation:
In this case, we have a reaction between an acid and an alcohol. When we put together these kind of compounds an ester is produced. This reaction is called "esterification".
In our case, the alcohol is a structure with 30 carbon in which the "OH" group is bonded on carbon 1. The name of this compound is "n-triacontanol". The acid is a structure in which we have 16 carbon in which the "COOH" group is placed on carbon 1. The name of this compound is "palmitic acid". The ester produced by the acid and the alcohol is "Triacontyl palmitate".
See figure 1.
I hope it helps!
In the reaction of Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) Imported Asset ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g), if [HCl] increases from 2.6 M to 8.2 M:
The rate at which Zn disappears decreases.
The rate at which H2 appears decreases.
The rate at which ZnCl2 appears increases.
The concentration of Zn (s) also increases.
Answer:
The rate at which ZnCl2 appears increases.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, the reaction is:
[tex]Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) \rightarrow ZnCl_2 (aq) + H_2 (g)[/tex]
Therefore, the law of rate proportions is:
[tex]\frac{1}{-1}r_{Zn}= \frac{1}{-2}r_{HCl}= \frac{1}{1}r_{ZnCl_2}= \frac{1}{1}r_{H_2}}[/tex]
In such a way, since the concentration of hydrochloric acid is increasing The rate at which ZnCl2 appears increases, because the addition of a reactant is directly related with the products formation due to the fact that more reactant will yield more product.
Best regards.
Question 8 of 30
When is a redox reaction spontaneous?
A. When a metal electrode is in contact with an electrolyte
B. When a power source supplies an electrical current
C. When the cell potential is positive
D. When the cell potential is negative
According to the concept of redox reactions, the answer to this question is option C.
When the cell potential is positive. A redox reaction is spontaneous when the cell potential is positive.The cell potential is the measure of the driving force of the chemical reaction occurring in the electrochemical cell. In an electrochemical cell, a redox reaction occurs, which leads to the production of an electric potential.
If this potential is positive, then the redox reaction is considered spontaneous. However, if the potential is negative, then the reaction is non-spontaneous.In general, a redox reaction is spontaneous if the potential difference between the two electrodes of the cell is positive. This means that the reaction will occur spontaneously without any external energy input.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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The type of evaporator that has all saturated liquid entering the evaporator and saturated liquid throughout the evaporator is commonly known as a
Answer:
Flooded evaporator
Explanation:
It is flooded evaporator because the liquid refrigerant covers the entire heat transfer surface thereby operating with a low pressure receiver.
The receiver acts to separate gaseous and liquid refrigerant after the expansion valve and make sure there is a feed of 100% liquid refrigerant to the evaporator. This make it to have saturated liquid entering the evaporator and saturated liquid throughout the evaporator.
From the graph of Density vs. Concentration, created in Graph 1, what was the relationship between the concentration of the sugar solution and the density of the sugar solution?
The graph is not given in the question, so, the required graph is attached below:
Answer:
According to the graph, the relationship between the density of the sugar solution and the concentration of the sugar solution is directly proportional to each other as they both are increasing exponentially.
The graph shows that, the density of sugar solution will increase with the increase in concentration of sugar in the solution.
what is ammonium nitrate
Answer:
Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NH₄NO₃. It is a white crystalline solid consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate.
What element is being reduced in the following redox reaction? MnO4-(aq) + H2C2O4(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + CO2(g) What element is being reduced in the following redox reaction? MnO4-(aq) + H2C2O4(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + CO2(g) H O Mn C
Answer: Mn is getting reduced.
Explanation:
Oxidation-reduction reaction or redox reaction is defined as the reaction in which oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously.
Oxidation reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance looses its electrons. The oxidation state of the substance increases.
Reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains electrons. The oxidation state of the substance gets reduced.
[tex]MnO_4^-(aq)+H_2C_2O_4(aq)\rightarrow Mn^{2+}(aq)+CO_2(g)[/tex]
Oxidation : As Manganese has an oxidation state of +7 in [tex]MnO_4^-[/tex] and +2 in [tex]Mn^{2+}[/tex], the oxidation state is decreasing and hence it is getting reduced.
Reduction : As carbon has an oxidation state of +3 in [tex]H_2C_2O_4[/tex] and +4 in [tex]CO_2[/tex], the oxidation state is increasing and hence it is getting oxidized.
The element which is reduced in the redox reaction is Mn.
The redox reaction is shown below:
MnO₄⁻(aq) + H₂C₂O₄(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + CO₂(g)
A redox reaction is the type of reaction which involves oxidation processes
occurring with a corresponding reduction process.
Oxidation reaction involves the reaction in which a substance loses its
electrons to become positively charged with an increase in the oxidation
state.
Reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains
electrons to become positively charged with a decrease in the oxidation
state.
MnO₄⁻ has an oxidation state of +7 and Mn²⁺ having an oxidation state of +2
signifies a decrease in the oxidation state.
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When the following molecular equation is balanced using the smallest possible integer coefficients, the values of these coefficients are:
________hydrochloric acid (aq) + ___________oxygen (g) → _________water (l) + ________chlorine (g)
Answer:
The coefficients are; 4, 0, 2, 2
Explanation:
The equation is given as;
HCl + O2 --> H2O + Cl2
Upon balancing the equation, we have;
4HCl + O2 --> 2H2O + 2Cl2
A critical reaction in the production of energy to do work or drive chemical reactions in biological systems is the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, ATP, to adenosine diphosphate, ADP, as described by the reaction
ATP(aq)+H2O(l)→ADP(aq)+HPO2−4(aq) for which ΔGrxn=30.5 kJ/mol at 37.0∘C and pH 7.0.
Required:
Calculate the value of ΔGrxn in a biological cell in which [ATP]=5.0 mM, [ADP]=0.60 mM, and [HPO2−4]=5.0 mM
Answer:
ΔG = -49.64 KJ/mol
Explanation:
The actual free energy change of the reaction under the given conditions, ΔG is given by the formula below;
ΔG = ΔG'° + RT ln([ADP][HPO₂⁴⁻] / [ATP])
where ΔG'° = -30.5 KJ/mol; R = 8.315 J/mol.K; T = 37°C = 310 K; [ADP] = 5.0 mM = 0.005 M; [HPO₂⁴⁻] = 0.60 mM = 0.0006 M; [ATP] = 5.0 mM = 0.005 M
ΔG = -30.5 KJ/mol + (8.315 J/mol.K)(310 K) ln {(0.005)(0.0006)/(0.005)}
ΔG = -30.5 KJ/mol + (2.58 KJ/mol * -7.4186)
ΔG = -30.5 KJ/mol - 19.14 KJ/mol
ΔG = -49.64 KJ/mol
The last group of elements on the periodic table are called _____. noble gases halogens metals noble solids
Answer:
The answer is noble gases
Explanation:
Here is your explanation The vertical columns are called groups. There are eighteen groups. The last group on the far right is called the noble, or inert gases. Elements in a group have similar chemical properties. For example, elements in the noble gas group are all gases under. This is the thing from the passege bye god bless you
The last group of elements on the periodic table are called "noble gases."
The noble gases are a group of elements located in Group 18 of the periodic table. They are also known as Group 0 or the "inert gases." The noble gases include helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn).
The noble gases are unique because they have a full complement of valence electrons in their outermost energy level. This full electron configuration gives them exceptional stability, making them chemically unreactive or inert under normal conditions. In other words, noble gases are less likely to form chemical bonds with other elements.
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Which of the reactions are spontaneous (favorable)? DHAP↽−−⇀glyceraldehyde-3-phosphateΔG=3.8 kJ/mol C4H4O5⟶C4H2O4+H2OΔG=3.1 kJ/mol C2H4+H2−→−−Rh(I)C2H6ΔG=−150.97 kJ/mol glutamate+NAD++H2O⟶
Answer:
C₂H₄ + H₂ →−−Rh(I) C₂H₆ Δ
The number of moles of H2O which contains 4g of oxygen?
Answer:
16G = 1 mole ; then 4G = how many moles? 4/16 = 0.25 mole; That means 4 grams of oxygen is 0.25 moles.
Explanation:
A mole of water molecules contains 2 moles of hydrogen atoms and 1 mole of oxygen atoms.
