Not all acid-catalyzed conversions of alcohols to alkyl halides proceed through the formation of carbocations. Primary alcohols and methanol react to form alkyl halides under acidic conditions by an SN2 mechanism.
Not all acid-catalyzed conversions of alcohols to alkyl halides proceed through the formation of carbocations. Primary alcohols and methanol react to form alkyl halides under acidic conditions by an SN2 mechanism.
In these reactions the function of the acid is to produce a protonated alcohol. The halide ion then displaces a molecule of water (a good leaving group) from carbon; this produces an alkyl halide:
Again, acid is required. Although halide ions (particularly iodide and bromide ions) are strong nucleophiles, they are not strong enough to carry out substitution reactions with alcohols themselves. Direct displacement of the hydroxyl group does not occur because the leaving group would have to be a strongly basic hydroxide ion:
We can see now why the reactions of alcohols with hydrogen halides are acid-promoted.
Carbocation rearrangements are extremely common in organic chemistry reactions are are defined as the movement of a carbocation from an unstable state to a more stable state through the use of various structural reorganizational "shifts" within the molecule. Once the carbocation has shifted over to a different carbon, we can say that there is a structural isomer of the initial molecule. However, this phenomenon is not as simple as it sounds.
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Read the etymology entry.
antagonize
antagonize (v.) 1630s, "to compete with" (obsolete); 1742, "act in opposition to, struggle against continuously,"
from Greek antagonizesthai "to struggle against, oppose, be a rival," from anti "against" (see anti-) + agonizesthai
"to contend for a prize," from agon "a struggle, a contest" (see agony). Meaning "make antagonistic" is by 1882.
What original language did the word antagonize come from?
O Greek
O Latin
O Middle French
O Middle English
Answer:
latin
Explanation:
im not sure sorry if wrong
Answer:
Greek
Explanation:
Mid 17th century (in the sense 'compete with'): from Greek antagōnizesthai, from ant- 'against' + agōnizesthai 'struggle' (see agonize).
Mixture of a 25.00 mL aliquot of the sample solution with 5.00 mL of a 0.250 ppm warfarin standard yielded a solution with an intensity of 670. Calculate the percentage of warfarin in the sample.
Answer:
750
Explanation:
why is there no base unit for volume
Answer: Volume. Litre (L) and millilitre (mL) are non-SI units, but because they are easier to write and pronounce, they are in common use.
Explanation: I think the explanation is the answer also
how do you separate the following mixture? Name only the process involved .
1.Sand and salt
Answer:
Just dissolve in water , you can separate
Explanation:
because salt dissolves in water but sand doesn't
Explanation:
sedinentation and decantation
Why are coal, oil and natural gas called fossil fuels
GIVING BRAINLY
The speed of sound waves in air is 340 m/s. Its frequency is 750 Hz. What is its wavelength ?
Answer:
wavelength is 0.77 m
Explanation:
wavelength is y is equal to FB is equal to 44 0340
Which object represents a heterogeneous
mixture
Answer:
oil and water
Explanation:
oil and water - When you put oil and water together they do not mix. Therefore, these are a heterogeneous mixture since they are two separate parts.
Someone please help? I've had a go at this myself (see picture of working attached) but not sure where to go from there?
75ml of a solutipn of 0.1mol l-1 NaOH neutralises 25ml of a solution of an acid. The formula of the acid is HxA and the concentration of the acid is 0.1mol l-1. What is the value of x?
Answer:
75 ml of 0.1M base neutralizes 25 ml of 0.1M acid, which means the acid has 0.3 moles/L of H ion
but that means each molecule of the acid has 3 times as many H ions aH ions in a molecule of NaOH
which means the formula for the acid must be H3A and
the value of x in
HxA is 3
Explanation:
75ml of a solutipn of 0.1moL l-1 NaOH neutralises 25ml of a solution of an acid. The formula of the acid is HxA and the concentration of the acid is 0.1mol l-1. What is the value of x?
the concentration of both the and the base are the same at 0.1M
the base...NaOH has 0.1 moles/L of OH ion
75 ml of 0.1M base neutralizes 25 ml of 0.1M acid, which means the acid has 0.3 moles/L of H ion
but that means each molecule of the acid has 3 times as many H ions aH ions in a molecule of NaOH
which means the formula for the acid must be H3A and the value of x in
HxA is 3
A \pu{1.60 g}1.60 g1, point, 60, space, g calcium supplement contains 37.8\%37.8%37, point, 8, percent \ce{Ca}CaC, a by mass. The calcium is present in the supplement as \ce{CaCO3}(s)CaCOX 3 (s) (molar mass \pu{100.09 g/mol}100.09 g/mol100, point, 09, space, g, slash, m, o, l). How many grams of \ce{CaCO3}(s)CaCOX 3 (s) are in the calcium supplement?
A 1.60 g calcium supplement that contains 37.8% Ca by mass, contains 1.51 g of CaCO₃.
We want to calculate the mass of CaCO₃ in a 1.60 g supplement. We need to consider the following relationships.
The mass percent of Ca is 37.8%, that is, there are 37.8 g of Ca every 100 g of supplement.The molar mass of Ca is 40.08 g/mol.The molar ratio of Ca to CaCO₃ is 1:1.The molar mass of CaCO₃ is 100.09 g/mol.[tex]1.60gSup \times \frac{37.8gCa}{100gSup} \times \frac{1molCa}{40.08gCa} \times \frac{1molCaCO_3}{1molCa} \times \frac{100.09gCaCO_3}{1molCaCO_3} = 1.51gCaCO_3[/tex]
A 1.60 g calcium supplement that contains 37.8% Ca by mass, contains 1.51 g of CaCO₃.
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A 1.60 g calcium supplement contains 37.8% Ca by mass. The calcium is present in the supplement as CaCO₃(s) (molar mass 100.09 g/mol). How many grams of CaCO₃(s) are in the calcium supplement?
How does a vaccine impact the individuals who receive it?
O They will likely still develop the disease but will not die from i
O They will not be able to get the disease but can still pass it or
O Their bodies will remember the disease and be able to fight it
O They will become sick with the illness but then recover.
Answer fast pls
Answer:
I want to say (A) but i also want to say (C) but i can be wrong. most likely (C)
Explanation:
hope this helps lol and have a great day
Answer:
honestly this is kind of an opinionanated question because some people think that the vaccine dosen't work. Like I think that, but some other people might think differently so im gonna go with answer c.
Explanation:
An exothermic reaction releases 86.5 kJ. How many kilocalories of
energy are released?
pls help i am in 8th grade k12
Answer:
zzxdczxc V
Explanation:
How would you gather data to in order to determine the density of a marble
The average mass of a marble can be determined by dividing the total mass of the marbles by the total number of marbles: average mass of a marble.
To find the density of any object, you need to know the Mass (grams) of the object, and its Volume (measured in mL or cm³). Divide the mass by the volume in order to get an object's Density.
Use the formula p=m/V, or density (p) is equal to mass (m) divided by volume (V).
To determine the density of a marble, we must know its mass and volume.
In order to determine the density of any substance we need to know its mass and volume.
Let's understand "Density".
The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume. It is represented with "ρ" this symbol.It can be given by the formula which is shown below: ρ= [tex]\frac{m}{V}[/tex] where m is the mass of the substance and V is the volume.Density indicates how much of a substance occupies a specific volume at a defined temperature and pressure. The density of a substance can be used to define the substance.Learn more:
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Please help me ASAP I couldnt copy paste the table so I added a screenshot Please I really need help!!!
Answer:
2.04 Thermal Energy and Chemical Change Lab Report
Explanation:
b) If 0.564 mol of S and 1.35 mol of Cl2 are reacted, which substance is the limiting reactant?
Answer:
what is the question
Explanation:
what is a nucleus and what are the functions?
if 10.5 grams of liquid water is boiled how many grams of water vapor will then form ?
Answer:
It depends
Explanation:
This could vary depending on the exact temp, time and minerals. something with alot of salt boils quicker than something without it, so 10.5 grams?
The particular temperature, the passage of time, and the minerals could all affect the amount of grams of liquid water.
What are minerals?Minerals are defined as a naturally crystallized element or chemical compound that was created through geological processes. Natural materials are those that form on their own, such as minerals. Minerals don't droop, melt, or evaporate since they are solids. In contrast to the carbon compounds found in living organisms, minerals are inorganic. Minerals are crystalline: They have a unique atomic composition and arrangement.
Temperature is defined as a measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of any number of arbitrary scales that shows the direction that heat energy will naturally flow, i.e., from a hotter body to a colder body. The three temperature scales that are now in use are Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit. Food, beverages, agriculture, and medical care for both people and animals all depend heavily on temperature.
Thus, the particular temperature, the passage of time, and the minerals could all affect the amount of grams of liquid water.
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How many peaks will you observe in the 13C spectrum of cyclohexane ?
1 1 - incorrect
3
6
3 peaks
Explanation:
You can do this perfectly well without referring to chemical shift tables at all. In the spectrum there are a total of three peaks - that means that there are only three different environments for the carbons, despite there being four carbon atoms.
Calculate the number of moles in 400g of Tio2
Answer:
5.01 moles
Explanation:
Calculate the number of moles in 400g of Tio2
first, write the formulas correctly
Calculate the number of moles in 400g of TiO2
capitalize the first letter of your elements
the molar mass of TiO2 is
47.88 +2X16.00 =47.88 +32.00 = 79.88 gm/mole
(to 3 sig fig = 79.9 gm/mole
400 gm/79.9 gm/mole = 400/79.9 mole gm/gm =
400/79.9 moles = 5.01 moles
Choose the names of the substances for reactants of the equation
2H2 + O2—— 2H2O
The names of the substances for the reactants in the chemical equation 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O are; Hydrogen gas (H₂) and Oxygen gas (O₂). Option A and C is correct.
Hydrogen gas (H₂) - This is the molecular form of hydrogen, consisting of two hydrogen atoms bonded together.
Oxygen gas (O₂) - This is the molecular form of oxygen, consisting of two oxygen atoms bonded together.
In a chemical equation, the reactants are the substances that undergo a chemical reaction to form new products. In this case, the reactants are hydrogen gas (H₂) and oxygen gas (O₂). The arrow (→) in the equation represents the direction of the reaction, indicating that hydrogen gas and oxygen gas react to form water (H₂O).
The coefficient 2 in front of H₂ and H₂O indicates that two molecules of hydrogen gas react with one molecule of oxygen gas to produce two molecules of water. The balanced chemical equation shows the stoichiometry of the reaction, indicating the number of molecules of each reactant and product involved in the reaction.
Hence, A. C. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Choose the names of the substances for reactants of the equation
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O Options; A) Hydrogen B) Water C) Oxygen."--
The small flag indicating wind direction on a station weather plot points in the direction that the wind is going.
True or False
Answer:
False
Explanation: The wind's direction is shown by a long shaft. it will point to the direction from which direction the wind is blowing.
An element with 3 valence electrons would be a
0-3 anion
0 + 3 anion
+3 cation
0 - 3 cation
Answer:
0+3 anion
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities.
The city council of a small town wanted to add fluoride to their water so that all the residents would have healthier teeth. The mayor had read that ionic compounds must be used to get the fluoride into water. He looked up fluorine-containing compounds and came up with the following list.
NaF NF3 SiF4 CaF2 NH4F
Using academic vocabulary in paragraph form, discuss the following:
Explain which compound(s) could produce fluoride ions in the water. In your response, be sure to include:
° which of the listed compounds are ionic and which are covalent.
° how ionic and covalent compounds are different.
° why only ionic compounds would produce fluoride in water.
Answer:NaF is ionic. NF3 is covalent. SiF4 is ionic. CaF2 is Ionic and NH4F is also ionic. Ionic compounds transfer electrons whereas covalent compounds share electrons hence the word "co". Also, ionic compounds are formed with metal and nonmetal. Where a covalent is with 2 nonmetals. Only ionic compounds would produce fluoride in water because ionic compounds can dissolve in water and covalent compounds cant.
The compounds that can be used for the release of fluorine in water are NaF, [tex]\rm SiF_4[/tex], [tex]\rm CaF_2[/tex], and [tex]\rm NH_4F[/tex].
The ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons between the atoms of the compounds. The ionic bonds are weaker and are easy to dissociate in the aqueous solution.
The covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms. Since there is sharing, there has been a strong bond, that has been hard to dissociate.
The Mayor has to release Fluoride in the water, thus ionic compounds are preferred that have the easy release of fluorine.
From the given compounds:
NaF = Ionic compound[tex]\rm NF_3[/tex] = Covalent compound[tex]\rm SiF_4[/tex] = Ionic compound[tex]\rm CaF_2[/tex] = Ionic compound[tex]\rm NH_4F[/tex] = Ionic compoundThus the compounds that can be used for the release of fluorine in water are NaF, [tex]\rm SiF_4[/tex], [tex]\rm CaF_2[/tex], and [tex]\rm NH_4F[/tex].
For more information about ionic and covalent compounds, refer to the link:
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Which of the following corresponds to an alpha particle?
A. 1/4He
B. 3/2He
C. 2/2H
D. 4/2He
Answer:
D. 4/2 He corresponds to an alpha particle.
A unit for measuring work is called the _____.
horsepower
effort
time
foot-pound
Answer:
A unit for measuring work is called the foot-pound
What type of energy is best described as the energy required to break the bonds present in the reactants?
A
activation energy
B
potential energy
С
kinetic energy
D
thermal energy
hay
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Haty
The energy required to break the bond in the reactants is activation energy .
Hence, option (A) is correct answer.
What is Exothermic Reaction ?The chemical reaction which releases energy are known as exothermic reaction. Bond forming is exothermic process. Activation energy is needed to initiate the reaction. In exothermic reaction potential energy converted into kinetic energy.
What is Endothermic Reaction ?The chemical reaction which absorbs heat from the surrounding is known as endothermic reaction. Bond breaking is endothermic reaction. Activation energy is needed to initiate the reaction. In endothermic reaction kinetic energy converted into potential energy.
Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that The energy required to break the bond in the reactants is activation energy .
Hence, option (A) is correct answer.
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What is the mass of 0.5 moles of hydrogen gas
Answer:
1G
Explanation:
can someone please help me i need this done rn
A balloon contains 0.76 mol O2, 0.18 mol Ne, 0.031 mol Xe and 0.026 mol CO2 at 749 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of Ne
Answer:
ans given below
Explanation:
To keep simplicity, let's assume these gases behave ideally so we can use the equations for ideal gas. One of these equation is the Raoult's Law written below.
P* = xP
This is another form of the Raoult's Law where x is the mole fraction. Let's find x for O2.
x = 0.18/(0.76+0.18+0.031+0.026) = 0.1805
Partial Pressure = (0.1805)(749 mmHg) = 135.23 mmHg
U ever get an answer
