Balance the chemical equation below using the smallest possible whole number stoichiometric coefficients.
N₂(g) + H₂(g) → NH3(g)

The adding of an acid or base to a buffer seems to have no effect on the pH of the buffer. In contrast, going to add acid or base to unbuffered water drastically changes the pH.

Any hydrogen-containing substance skilled of making a donation a proton (hydrogen ion) to that other substance is defined as an acid. A base is a compound or ion that really can accept an acid's hydrogen ion. The sour flavours of weak acids is generally described by the contaminant that emits hydrogen ions in water and formation salts by incorporating with these metals. Acids have a bitter aftertaste and cause certain dyes to turn red. buffer is an aqueous solution that withstands adjustments in pH upon on the addition of either an acid or a base". Furthermore, adding water to a buffer or going to allow it to evaporate from of the buffer has no significant effect just on pH of the buffer.

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The potential energy between the nuclei is minimized and the orbital shells overlap.

We know that a covalent bond is the kind of bond that is formed when there is the combination of two atoms when there is the overlap of the orbitals of the two atoms. In the case of the hydrogen atoms, we can say that there is a bond as we notice that the two atomic orbitals have become overlapped on each other.

Let us note that when the two atoms are still far from each other, the potential energy between the atoms is high and as such the atoms of the element would tend to repel each other.

As the two atoms begin to approach each other, the repulsion between the nuclei of the elements is seen to become minimized and the bond is now seen to be formed as the atomic orbitals become overlapped.

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The amount, in liters, of water needed to be added to prepare 1000 mL of 0.3 M NaCl from a 5 M NaCl stock solution would be 0.94 L.

According to the dilution principle, the number of moles of solutes before dilution must be equal to the number of moles of solutes after dilution. This is mathematically expressed as:

[tex]m_1v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2[/tex]

Where [tex]m_1[/tex] and [tex]m_2[/tex] are molarities before and after dilution, and [tex]v_1[/tex] and [tex]v_2[/tex] are volumes before and after dilution.

In this case, [tex]m_1[/tex] = 5 M, [tex]m_2[/tex] = 0.3 M, [tex]v_2[/tex] = 1000 mL.

Let's find [tex]v_1[/tex]:

[tex]v_1[/tex] =  [tex]m_2v_2[/tex] /[tex]m_1[/tex]

  = 0.3x1000/5

  = 60 mL

In other words, the volume of the stock solution to be taken is 60 mL. This volume has to be diluted by water to the 1000 mL mark. Thus, the amount of water to be added would be:

1000 - 60 = 940 mL

940 mL = 0.94 L

In summary, 0.94 L of water will be required to prepare the solution.

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Molecular compounds are termed by using the stem of the first element's name plus the suffix -ide, followed by the second element. Numerical prefixes are used to specify the number of atoms in a molecule.

The IUPAC defines a common name as one that clearly identifies a chemical but does not adhere to the current systematic naming convention. Acetone, which bears the scientific term, serves as an illustration of a common name. 2-propanone

A chemical is any substance whose composition is known. A chemical always consists of the same "substance," to put it another way. Water is one of the substances found in nature.

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The electrons in an atom are depicted in orbital diagrams in visual form. For creating orbital diagrams, three rules are helpful.

Each electron resides in the orbital with the , in accordance with the Auf Bau Principle.

According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, an orbital can hold no more than two electrons. According to Hund's rule, electrons enter various orbitals within a single sub-level before doubling up within orbitals.

We have seen how the quantity and kind of valence electrons play a crucial role in establishing the chemical characteristics of a specific element. Due to their propensity to lose their single valence, Group 1A metals are extremely reactive.

Therefore, The electrons in an atom are depicted in orbital diagrams in visual form. For creating orbital diagrams, three rules are helpful.

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Any area that has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion must be rubbed with alcohol to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads.

This is referred to as a substance which is derived from the fermentation of sugar under anaerobic conditions and it usually has an intoxicating effect.

However, it is also used for other purposes such as skin care and is usually applied after it has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion so as to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads thereby making alcohol the correct choice in this scenario.

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The reaction that can light the thermite is the combination of methane and oxygen. Option C

There is an ignition reaction when we burn a substance in another substance. Now, we know that an exothermic reaction refers to the kind of reaction hat is able to produce heat.

Since the exothermic reaction can be able to produce heat, this is the reaction that we can use to light the reaction between the magnesium and the oxygen so that we can be able to light the thermite.

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A brittle white crystalline solid  reacts with when added to water is Quartz. It is a metamorphic solid.

Quartz is the most abundant silica mineral. Pure Quartz is colorless and transparent. It occurs in most igneous and practically all metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. It is used as a component of numerous industrial materials. Silicon (Si) has the atomic number 14 and is closely related to carbon. It is a relatively inert metalloid. Silicon is often used for microchips, glass, cement, and pottery. Silica is the most abundant mineral found in the crust of the earth. One of the most common uses of silica quarts is the manufacturer of glass. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. Its chemical name is SiO2.

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Atoms of different element can not have same atomic number because only same type of atoms combine to form element. Atoms belonging to different element can have different atomic number. Therefore, the correct option is option A.

Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.

Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Chemicals in the paint absorb light energy in a process called phosphorescence, radioactive elements keep the glow going.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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The concentration measures will change in value as the temperature of a solution changes is molarity. The correct option is 4.

The molarity of a substance refers to how much of it is present in a given volume of solution (M). Molarity is the measure of how many moles of a solute are present per liter of a solution. Molarity is also referred to as a solution's molar concentration.

To find the equation for molarity, divide the volume of solvent used to dissolve the given solute by the number of moles of that solute. M = n V

Since the volume of the solution rises as the temperature rises, molarity decreases. Therefore, molarity is normally affected when therefore is a change in temperature of a solution either when it increases or decreases.

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The principle quantum number(n) for this atom is 5

The position in an atom's shells and the size of an electron orbital are described by the primary quantum number, which is the most significant. The quantum number connected to the angular momentum of an atomic electron is called the azimuthal quantum number.

The energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom [tex]E_{n} = -0.544eV[/tex]

For hydrogen, Z = 1

The principal quantum number for [tex]n[/tex] for this atom is calculated by for this atom is determined using Bohr's atomic model,

So that [tex]E_{n} = \frac{-13.6(Z)^{2}}{n^{2}}eVatom^{-1}[/tex]

Where [tex]n[/tex] is the principal quantum number, [tex]E[/tex] is the energy, and [tex]Z[/tex] is the atomic number The values are substituted,

=> [tex]-0.544eV = -\frac{13.6(1)^{2}}{n^{2}} eVatom^{-1}[/tex]

[tex]n^{2} = -\frac{13.6}{-0.544} \\n^{2} = 25\\n = 5[/tex]

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a. hcl, hno3, hf, hclo4 b. h2so4  list contains only strong acids.

Chloric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, and sulfuric acid are the 7 main acids. These are strong acids since they can completely dissociate in water. A strong acid is described as an acetone that completely disintegrates when added to water. Because the hydrochloric acid inside the preceding example donates every one of its protons to the remedy and totally dissolves, it is classified as a strong acid.

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The epicardial fat pad . a. can be mistaken for a pericardial effusion b. appears heteroechoic and moves with the heart.

It is the posterior fat pad that is a sign that indicates a pathology when one looks at an x-ray. When a crescent fat is observed in the x-ray, it indicates there is an elbow joint effusion since normally the posterior fat cannot be seen from the x-ray.

In radiography, X-rays are used to view inner parts of the body for medical observation, analysis and to know the treatment procedure to adopt.

When a non visible posterior fat pad on a well-exposed, then it generally suggests a negative study for injury. This means that the features observed are unrelated to any type of injury. This eliminates option c.

Therefore, only option a and b are correct that the epicardial fat pad . a. can be mistaken for a pericardial effusion b. appears heteroechoic and moves with the heart.

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The molar mass of caf2 is 78.075 g/mol is 4.14 x 10^ -11.

CaF2 (s) <----> Ca2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq)

At equilibrium [Ca2+] = S , [F-] = 2S , where S is amount of CaF2 dissolved i.e solubility.

The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined by dividing its mass by the quantity of that compound, expressed as the number of moles in the sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a material is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.

given S = 1.7 x 10^ -2 g/L = 0.017 g/L

we can convert g/L to mol/L by dividing S with Molar mass of CaF2

S in mol / L = (S in g/L) / ( CaF2 molar mass) = ( 0.017g/L) / ( 78.07g/mol) = 0.000218 mol /L

[F-] = 2S = 2 x ( 0.000218) = 0.000436 mol/L

now Ksp = [Ca2+] [F-]^2

= ( 0.000218 ) (0.000436 )^2

= 4.14 x 10^ -11

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Nonmetal oxides form acid solutions. SO2, Cl2O, and N2O5 are acid solutions.

A chemical that offers off hydrogen ions in water and paperwork salts through combining with positive metals. Acids have a sour flavor and turn positive dyes purple. a few acids made by using the body, such as gastric acid, can assist organs work the way they must. An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid.

An acidic solution has a high attention of hydrogen ions, H +start superscript, plus, stop superscript, greater than that of pure water. An acidic solution is a liquid combination that happens when hydrogen ions are launched while mixed with water. This definition is known as the Brønsted-Lowry theory: acids provide hydrogen protons, at the same time as bases "accept" hydrogen protons. some answers are more acidic than others.

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The pH of acid is between 0-7 on pH scale while for base pH range is from 7-14. Therefore, the pH of this buffer is  5.14. pH is a unitless quantity.

pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. More the value of hydronium ion concentration, more will be the solution acidic.

On subtracting pH from 14, we get pOH which measures the concentration of hydroxide ion in a given solution. pH depend on the temperature. At room temperature pH scale is between 0 to 14. pH of neutral solution is 7.

0.18 M =NH₃

0.27 M= NH₄Cl.

Kb of NH₃ = 1.8 × 10⁻⁵

pKb = - log (kb)

      = - log (1.8 × 10⁻⁵)

       = 4.74

Using Henderson equation

pH = Pkb +ln [ NH₄Cl ]/ [NH₃]

    = 4.74 + ln (0.27 /0.18)

    = 5.14

Therefore, the pH of this buffer is 5.14.

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Increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is

Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.

Boiling point is directly proportional to intermolecular forces.

The intermolecular forces present in the given molecules are.

so, as benzene is nonpolar , only weak london dispersion force is present. Hence boiling point of benzene is least among the given molecules. Benzaldehyde is polar, so dipole -dipole force is also present. But no H-bonding is present. Hence, boiling point of benzaldehyde is less than that of phenol and benzoic acid. Now, both phenol and benzoic acid is polar as well as they can form H-bonding. But phenol can only form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, but benzoic acid can form both intermolecular as well as intramolecular H bonding. So it can exist as dimer. The presence of dimer further strengthen the vander Waals dispersion forces , that increases the boiling point of Benzoic acid.

Hence increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is

Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.

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An ion is an atom with an unbalanced ratio of protons to electrons. Atoms or molecules having associated net charges greater than zero are referred to as "ions."

a charged molecule or atom is referred to as an ion. It charges up or down depending on whether one or more electrons are gained or lost. Because of this, it can have a positive or negative charge. Consequently, an ion becomes charged when there is an imbalance between the proportion of positively charged protons to negatively charged electrons. Ions can be categorised into one of two major types. Cations and anions are what they are.A superscript with a plus sign and the number before the plus sign is applied to the chemical formula to represent the symbol for a cation.Anions are represented similarly to cations by the charge number followed by a negative sign.Another subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge is the proton. They are present in the atom's nucleus.

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-23.4kj is  the standard gibbs free energy associated with the formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen at 25 c and 500 c

-

The temperature is 25 deg C or 298 K.

ΔGo =−RTlnK=−8.314×298×ln1.3×104 =−23469J=−23.4kJ

Hence, the standard free energy change is -23.4 kJ

Gibbs free energy, thermodynamics The word "free energy" refers to a thermal potential that can be utilized to determine the maximal amount of work that a thermodynamically closed system can perform at constant pressure and temperature. The change in limitless energy that occurs when a chemical is created from its components in their most thermodynamically states under appropriate conditions is referred to as the free basic energy of formation. Ammonia is a colourless gas that has a strong suffocating odour. It easily dissolves in the water, forming an ammonium hypochlorite that can cause discomfort and burns. Under pressure, ammonia gas compresses easily and formation a clear, colourless liquid.

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One grain of calcium carbonate, or 64.8 milligrams, is dissolved in one US gallon of water to represent one grain per gallon (gpg), a measure of water hardness (3.785412 L).

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When total ammonium ion is 50% dissociated, The pH is 9.25.

Given, the pKₐ of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) is 9.25.

The dissociation of NH₄⁺ to ammonia (NH₃) and H⁺ in aqueous solution is represented below.

It is stated that the ammonium ion is 50% dissociated in the solution. Therefore the concentration of each species at that instant [if started with 1M conc. of NH4+ (aq)] is summarized as follows:

                                              NH4+ (aq) ⇌ NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq)

Initial conc. (in M)                     1                   -                 -

At 50% dissociation 1-0.5, i.e., 0.5          0.5          0.5

The given value of pKₐ immediately reminds us of the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation containing pKₐ , i.e.,

pH = pKₐ + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[salt]}{[acid]}[/tex]  _ _ _(i)

But, NH₄⁺ (aq) exists as the conjugate acid form, as well as the salt (ionized) form. Hence, we cannot use equation. (i) for our calculations.

Therefore, we need to convert the above value of Kₐ to the equivalent Kb (for NH₃), corresponding to the reverse equilibrium.

This is achieved by using the relation

Kb = [tex]\frac{Kw}{Ka}[/tex]

or,  -log₁₀ Kb = -log₁₀ Kw + log₁₀ Ka

or,  pKb = pKw - pKa = 14 - 9.25 = 4.75

where, pKw = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ (at 298 K).

Therefore, pKb of ammonia (NH₃) = 4.75

Now, we need to use the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation which uses Kb; which is in fact

pOH = pKb + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[salt]}{[base]}[/tex]  _ _ _(ii)

where the salt is NH₄⁺, and the base is NH₃. Further, we know that

Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻]  or,  pOH + pH = pKw = 14    or,   pOH = 14 - pH

Substituting this relation in eq. (ii) gives

14 - pH = pKb + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}[/tex]

or, pH = 14 - pKb — log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}[/tex]

As calculated, pKb = 4.75, [NH₄⁺] = 0.50 M, while [NH₃] = 0.50 M, assuming we start with a conc. of 1M NH₄⁺. Hence,

pH = 14 – 4.75 – log₁₀ [tex]\frac{0.50}{0.50}[/tex]

     = 9.25 - log₁₀ ( 1 )

     = 9.25 - 0

pH = 9.25

Hence, the pH of a solution consisting of 50% NH₃ and 50% NH₄⁺ will be equal to 9.25.

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Answer: The answer is false

Explanation:

The following statement is false about crystal field theory : the color of a coordination compound is the color of light absorbed.

Crystal field theory (CFT) describes how a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution breaks degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals (anion neighbours).

Hans Bethe, a physicist, developed the crystal field theory (CFT) for crystalline solids in 1929.

The following is how Crystal Field Theory explains the colors of coordination compounds: The splitting of a d-orbital into multiple orbitals is known as crystal field splitting. When white light strikes the compound, an electron moves into a higher state, absorbing a specific wavelength of light.

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Answer: Diurnal temperature range is the difference between __maximum______ and ____minimum____ temperature each ___1 day______.

Explanation:

SF6 molecular geometry will be octahedral because if we look at the structure sulphur hexafluoride has a central sulphur atom around which12 electrons or 6 electron pairs are present and there are no lone pairs.

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Aufbau's principle states that an electron in an atom is filled according to the energy of orbitals, orbital with minimum energy is first filled, and so on.

so the order of filling of electrons in orbitals are 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p 8s.

so, the 4f subshell is filled after the complete filling of electrons in 6s.

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Sp[tex]3[/tex] hybridization of a molecule with two lone pairs is present. This molecule's geometry is determined by its electron pair structure. If more than one bond angle is possible, separate each one with a space.

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Answer: The reaction with caesium is more vigourus.

The reaction with caesium produces different compund.

Explanation:

Cold water and cesium react to produce hydrogen gas and a mixture of cesium and hydroxide ions as byproducts.

The formal charge on phosphorus in a lewis structure for the phosphate ion that satisfies the octet rule is 0.

What is a Lewis structure?

All valence electrons are represented by Lewis structures, which are structural formulas for molecules and polyatomic ions. These structural formulas are commonly referred to as Lewis dot structures since valence electrons are frequently shown as dots.

Why is Lewis structure used?

Chemical bonds and atomic structures are examined and understood using Lewis structures. The type of bonds created between atoms using valence electrons or/and lone pairs, as well as the number of bonds an atom can or will form with other atoms, can all be determined using Lewis dot diagrams.

Formal charge= no. of valence electrons - no. of non bonding valence electrons- [tex]\frac{total no. of bonded electrons }{2}[/tex]    

Formal charge of P= 5-0-[tex]\frac{10}{2}[/tex] = 0

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If XeF2 is polar or nonpolar based on the Lewis Structure and the molecular geometry (shape).

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