Yes, messenger RNA refers to lengthy strands of RNA nucleotides that are complementary to one strand of DNA. (mRNA).
Transcription, the initial phase in gene expression, results in the creation of mRNA. The promoter is a particular area of the DNA molecule that the RNA polymerase enzyme attaches to during transcription.
The promoter is where the complementary strand of mRNA is created by matching the RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides. As a consequence, a strand of mRNA that is complementary to one of the DNA strands forms.
This strand of mRNA then transports the genetic material from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it is translated into a protein.
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Question 6 1 pts The fossils of Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, Rodhocetus, and Dorudon are examples of fifteen million years of evolution between Indohyus and Balaena (modern baleen whale). demonstrating the O adaptive traits O analogous traits O transitional fossils O homologous traits
The fossils of Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, Rodhocetus, and Dorudon are examples of transitional fossils. This means that the organisms they represent have traits that are intermediate between the ancestral forms and the derived forms.
Transitional fossils are fossils that represent the transitional phases between two groups of animals. These fossils are unique in that they have intermediate traits between two groups of organisms, showing the evolutionary change from one form to another. Transitional fossils are critical because they help to fill in gaps in the fossil record, which is incomplete due to the rarity of preservation under specific circumstances. They provide a means of examining the evolutionary transitions that occurred, allowing scientists to understand the timing and sequence of significant changes in the anatomy of species, as well as their origin and evolutionary relationships.
The fossils of Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, Rodhocetus, and Dorudon are examples of fifteen million years of evolution between Indohyus and Balaena (modern baleen whale). This demonstrates that the organisms they represent have traits that are intermediate between the ancestral forms and the derived forms, i.e., they have transitional traits.
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which of the following best describes an event during step 2 in the simplified model above? responses A. a new rna molecule is synthesized using a dna template. B. a new polypeptide is synthesized using an rna template. C. thymine nucleotides in an rna molecule are replaced with uracil nucleotides. D. noncoding sequences are removed from a newly synthesized rna molecule.
Step 2 in the simplified model of protein synthesis is where a new RNA molecule is synthesized using a DNA template. Therefore, the correct option is (A).
Transcription and translation are the two stages of protein synthesis, the process by which the genetic code is utilized to generate proteins. Transcription is the process of generating a complementary RNA copy of a portion of the DNA sequence. It's the DNA sequence that determines the RNA sequence. This step occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, and the mRNA produced is transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where translation takes place. Translation is the process of utilizing the genetic information found in mRNA to create a polypeptide chain of amino acids.The following is a brief overview of the mechanism: DNA, which contains all of the genetic information, resides in the cell's nucleus. A segment of DNA is used to create an mRNA molecule through transcription. mRNA is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a guide to manufacture a polypeptide chain in the ribosome, using amino acids as building blocks, through the process of translation.A new RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template in the second stage of protein synthesis. The RNA polymerase enzyme performs this function. RNA polymerase has a high affinity for a promoter sequence located in front of a DNA sequence, and it binds to the promoter sequence to begin the transcription process.The RNA molecule has a nucleotide sequence that corresponds to the DNA sequence in the gene being transcribed. As a result, RNA nucleotides are added to the RNA molecule, and the new RNA molecule is synthesized in the process. The RNA molecule, which serves as a template for the synthesis of a polypeptide chain, is created in this step.Learn more about protein synthesis: https://brainly.com/question/884041
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Select the feature(s) common to ecdysozoans. (Choose one or more.)
A. spiral cleavage
B. Intermittent growth with molting
C. Waxy cuticle
D. Continuous growth
yasmin is able to recognize her dog, but she is unable to pick him up because she cannot identify exactly where he is in space. she has likely suffered damage to her
The reason Yasmin is able to recognize her dog, but is unable to pick him up is that she cannot identify exactly where her dog is in space as she has likely suffered damage to her parietal lobe.
let us learn about the reason why Yasmin couldn't identify her dog in space in detail:
The parietal lobe is one of four regions of the cerebral cortex, which is the outer layer of the brain. This lobe is responsible for integrating sensory information from various senses, as well as spatial orientation and recognition. Therefore, Yasmin has likely suffered damage to her parietal lobe. This could result in difficulty with spatial recognition and the ability to locate objects in space. Her ability to recognize her dog may be intact, but her ability to determine where the dog is in relation to her own body may be compromised.
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Based on DNA evidence showing the presence of mitochondrial genes, microsporidia have been moved to the fungal kingdom from which of the following?
Plant kingdom
Animal kingdom
Protist kingdom
Based on DNA evidence showing the presence of mitochondrial genes, microsporidia have been moved to the fungal kingdom from the Protist kingdom. Thus, the correct option is C.
What are microsporidia?Microsporidia are a group of unicellular parasites that are classified as fungi. They are found in a variety of environments, including freshwater and soil. These parasitic fungi infect a wide range of animals, including insects, crustaceans, and mammals such as humans.
Microsporidia are spore-forming parasites that reproduce within host cells' cytoplasm. They have a unique organelle called the polar tube, which they use to infect host cells. The classification of microsporidia was formerly uncertain. They were believed to be members of the protist kingdom because they were unicellular and had unique characteristics that differentiated them from other eukaryotes.
However, based on DNA evidence showing the presence of mitochondrial genes, they were moved to the fungal kingdom.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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in mitosis, the main difference between plant and animal cells is that
The main difference between plant and animal cells during mitosis is the process of cytokinesis. Animal cells undergo cytokinesis through the formation of a cleavage furrow, which is the constriction of the cell membrane at the equator of the cell, which eventually separates the two daughter cells.
The plant cells undergo cytokinesis through the formation of a cell plate. During telophase, the vesicles from the Golgi apparatus fuse at the centre of the dividing cell, forming a cell plate that gradually grows outward towards the cell walls, separating the two daughter cells.
Another difference between plant and animal cells during mitosis is that plant cells have a rigid cell wall that must be split during cytokinesis, while animal cells have a flexible cell membrane that can easily form a cleavage furrow. Additionally, plant cells have a unique organelle called the spindle pole body, which helps to organize the spindle fibres during mitosis.
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what habitat do parrots live in
Answer:rainforests, grasslands, savannas, islands
Explanation:
7. what does the eco471r sequence encode for in the pjet1.2 plasmid? can a linear plasmid still render e. coli antibiotic resistance? (3 points)
The Eco471R sequence encodes for ampicillin resistance in the pJet1.2 plasmid. A linear plasmid cannot render E. coli antibiotic resistance.
What does the Eco471R sequence encode for in the pJet1.2 plasmid?The Eco471R sequence encodes for ampicillin resistance in the pJet1.2 plasmid. The pJet1.2 plasmid is a cloning vector used for the cloning of DNA fragments with blunt ends using T4 DNA ligase.There are several plasmids used in genetic engineering, but the most commonly used plasmids are bacterial plasmids. These plasmids, which are circular DNA molecules found in bacteria, provide antibiotic resistance, and they also have the ability to replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.
A linear plasmid cannot render E. coli antibiotic resistance. This is because antibiotic resistance genes can be found within plasmids, which are self-replicating genetic structures in bacterial cells.
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There is some evidence that pharyngeal gill slits occur in certain species of echinoderms that appear early in the fossil record. If confirmed, what do these data suggest?
The presence of pharyngeal gill slits in certain species of echinoderms that appear early in the fossil record would suggest that these structures are not unique to chordates and that they may have evolved independently in different lineages.
One of the distinguishing characteristics of chordates are pharyngeal gill slits, which are employed for breathing or filter feeding. It would imply that they perform a comparable purpose in these species if echinoderms, which are not chordates, also evolved these structures. This would strengthen the argument that evolution is a branching process rather than a linear path, with numerous independent adaptations taking place in various lineages throughout time.
It's crucial to remember that the existence of these features in early echinoderms does not necessarily mean that echinoderms and chordates have a direct evolutionary connection. Instead, it would imply the evolution of identical structures in several lineages in a convergent fashion. To validate the existence of pharyngeal gill slits in echinoderms and to comprehend the consequences for our comprehension of the evolution of these features in various species, additional study and investigation are required.
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Decide if each statement is true or false.
The paper record of a seismic event is called a SEISMOGRAPH. *
Your answer
Suppose you have a DNA fragment you would like to insert into the pSAP plasmid. The fragment has PstI and EcoRI restriction endonuclease sites near the 5' end and HindIII and Smal restriction endonuclease sites near the 3' end. Choose the best restriction endonuclease(s) to digest the both the DNA fragment and pSAP. Thank you for all the help everyone!!! :)
To digest both the DNA fragment and pSAP plasmid, we will need restriction endonucleases that recognize the same restriction sites present in the DNA fragment and the plasmid. Based on the information provided, the best combination of restriction endonucleases would be PstI and HindIII.
PstI recognizes and cuts DNA at the PstI site, which is present near the 5' end of the DNA fragment and also in the pSAP plasmid. HindIII recognizes and cuts DNA at the HindIII site, which is present near the 3' end of the DNA fragment and also in the pSAP plasmid.
By digesting both the DNA fragment and pSAP with PstI and HindIII, you will generate compatible sticky ends that can be ligated together, allowing for the insertion of the DNA fragment into the pSAP plasmid.
Therefore, the best combination of restriction endonucleases would be PstI and HindIII.
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Judith is startled when her six-year-old daughter, Laura, sleepwalks into the family room. It is most likely that Laura is experiencing the __________ stage of the sleep cycle.
A. REM
B. first
C. third
D. fourth
Judith is startled when her six-year-old daughter, Laura, sleepwalks into the family room. It is most likely that Laura is experiencing the first stage of the sleep cycle. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is the first step of sleep cycle?The first sleep cycle is the most common stage in which sleepwalking or somnambulism can occur. The first sleep cycle, which lasts around 90 minutes, consists of light sleep. Sleepwalking is an occurrence in which a person walks while still asleep, thus unconsciously. It is a behavioral disorder that typically occurs during deep sleep cycles and affects approximately 20% of children.
Sleepwalking is most likely to occur during the first third of the sleep cycle, during slow-wave sleep. Children are more prone to sleepwalking, and it usually disappears as they get older. Because of the safety concerns connected with sleepwalking, it is critical to understand the condition and to take safety precautions during sleep to avoid harm.
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to produce a human gene in goat's milk, you would fuse: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choicesA. the coding region of a human gene to the coding region of a goat gene. B. regulatory elements from a protein produced in goat's milk to the coding region of the human gene. C. regulatory elements from a human protein to the human coding region. D. regulatory elements from a human protein to the coding region of a protein produced in goat's milk. E. the regulatory elements from a goat-milk protein to the regulatory elements from a human protein.
Regulatory elements from a human protein to the coding region of a protein produced in goat's milk. The correct answer is D.
This process involves combining the regulatory elements from a human protein with the coding region of a protein that is produced in goat's milk. The combination of these elements results in a new gene which can be expressed in goat's milk.
To produce a human gene in goat's milk, you would fuse the coding region of a human gene to the coding region of a goat gene. Gene expression is the process by which genetic instructions are transformed into a functional gene product such as a protein. The gene expression process, which includes transcription and translation, enables an organism to produce the necessary protein required for life. To produce a human gene in goat's milk, a human gene coding region must be fused with the coding region of a goat gene.
Therefore, The correct answer is D. regulatory elements from a human protein to the coding region of a protein produced in goat's milk.
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which substance acts like a machine that pushes together molecules of ADP and phosphate (P) groups?
Answer: A. ATP SYNTHASE
Explanation: Explanation
question mushrooms and bacteria serve an important role in an ecosystem, that of the decomposer. decomposers break down the organic material of once living organisms, such as carbon and nitrogen. why are decomposers important to the ecosystem?
Decomposers are essential for maintaining the balance of nutrients in an ecosystem. They break down organic matter, releasing essential nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen back into the soil and water, which can then be used by plants and other organisms. This process of nutrient cycling is essential for maintaining healthy ecosystems and the life cycles of living organisms.
Decomposers are significant to the ecosystem for the reason that they break down organic matter in order to recycle the nutrients back to the earth. The reasons why decomposers are significant to the ecosystem are given below:
Decomposers help in maintaining the nutrient cycle. The decomposers break down the organic matter of dead organisms like fungi, bacteria, insects, earthworms, etc. These dead organisms are important sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and other essential nutrients. Decomposers release these nutrients in the soil where they are used by plants to produce food. Decomposers help in cleaning up. The decomposers clean up the environment by removing dead and decaying material. They help to keep the environment clean and healthy. They help to keep the environment free of dead and decaying material.Decomposers prevent the accumulation of waste. Decomposers prevent the accumulation of waste by breaking down the organic matter.Learn more about Decomposers at https://brainly.com/question/380333
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Which type of bond occur between bases in a DNA base-pair?
a. covalent bonds
b. ionic bonds
c. hydrogen bonds
The type of bond that occurs between bases in a DNA base-pair is hydrogen bonds. Therefore the correct option is option C.
DNA is a double-stranded helix that is made up of nucleotides that are paired with complementary nucleotides via hydrogen bonds. The base pairs, adenine, and thymine or guanine and cytosine, are held together by hydrogen bonds.
Nucleotides are small molecules that function as the building blocks of DNA. The nucleotides found in DNA are comprised of three distinct components: a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases are compounds that contain nitrogen and other elements.
There are four different nitrogenous bases in DNA, each of which has a unique structure and chemical composition. Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) are the four nitrogenous bases that are present in DNA.
In DNA, the nucleotides are joined together by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the next nucleotide. The base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds. Therefore the correct option is option C.
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what needs to be improved about the human activity system?
Answer:
Brain
Explanation:
The brain needs to be improved because we always use it not only in storing words or something else but we can also use our brains to see without the eyes so the brains need to be improved
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. a cement factory near the gulf coast burns fossil fuels and emits a large amount of co2. two steps that the factory manager can take to make the factory more carbon neutral are to and to .
Two steps that the factory manager can take to make the factory more carbon neutral are recycle waste from production capture and store Co2 emissions.
The factory manager should use unit operations for CO2 capture to get rid of the carbon dioxide pollutants. One illustration is the use of commercial CO2 absorbents, such as soda lime, in the absorption process. About 82% of the gases produced while making cement contain carbon dioxide, making it one of the main gas constituents. Limestone can be created by capturing and combining the gas released during calcination with calcium hydroxide. As a result, no carbon is released into the atmosphere during this cycle. Making cement carbon-negative is another way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
The question is incorrect the correct question will be "A cement factory near the Gulf Coast burns fossil fuels and emits a large amount of CO2.Two steps that the factory manager can take to make the factory more carbon neutral are to and to?"
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what part of the eye changes shape to adjust the size of the pupil?
The iris is the part of the eye that changes shape to adjust the size of the pupil.
The iris is a thin, circular structure located in front of the lens and behind the cornea. It contains pigment cells that give the eye its color and muscles that control the size of the pupil. The circular muscles within the iris, known as the sphincter pupillae muscles, contract to constrict the pupil and reduce the amount of light entering the eye.
The radial muscles within the iris, known as the dilator pupillae muscles, relax to widen the pupil and allow more light to enter the eye. This process is called pupillary reflex and is important for regulating the amount of light that reaches the retina.
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A concise diagram of a fruit
The exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp are normally the three major components of a fruit.
Exocarp: Often referred to as the fruit's skin, this is the fruit's outermost covering.
The central, fle shy layer of the fruit known as the mesocarp is where the majority of the fruit's mass is located.
The endocarp, or innermost layer of the fruit, encloses the seeds.
FruitA flower's developed ovary that bears seeds is referred to as a fruit. Usually, an ovary develops into a fruit and the ovules inside mature into seeds after pollination and fertilization of the flower. The fruit is then propagated via a variety of techniques, including wind, water, or animals, which aid in dispersing the seeds and ensuring the survival of the plant species.The exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp are the fruit's three primary structural components. The fruit's exocarp, commonly referred to as the skin, is its outermost covering. It serves to guard the fruit against harm, water loss, and pests and is frequently thin and colorful. Depending on the fruit, the exocarp may be smooth, ha iry, waxy, or textured.learn more about fruit here
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Illustration hkw echolocation works for the bat. How does this
Help the bat?
Echolocation helps the bat to find the prey about where they prey is located with the help of the vibrations of its echo.
To find out if the bats could anticipate where the insects would move, researchers watched the bats' head motions while echolocating insects. The bat gauges the distance to its prey by measuring the interval between each echolocation call and the subsequent echoes.
They slant their heads to detect the shifting echoes' intensities and determine the location of the prey in the horizontal plane. To successfully follow a wildly flying bug, bats must combine echo information regarding object distance and direction.
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Correct question:
Illustrate how echolocation works for the bat. How does this help the bat?
20 In pea plants, round pods are dominant to wrinkled and green pods are dominant to yellow. A plant with
wrinkled and homozygous green pods is crossed with a plant that is heterozygous for both traits.
Determine the phenotypic ratio. If they have 8 offspring, how many will express both dominant traits?
The phenotypic ratio of the offspring from the cross between a wrinkled, homozygous green pea plant and a heterozygous plant for both traits is 2 round-green : 2 round-yellow : 1 wrinkled-green : 1 wrinkled-yellow. Out of 8 offspring, 2 will express both dominant traits.
The Punnett square for the cross between a wrinkled, homozygous green pea plant (rrGG) and a heterozygous plant for both traits (RrGg) is:
R r
G
G|RrGG|RrGg
g|RrGg|rrGg
From the Punnett square, we can see that the possible offspring genotypes are RrGG, RrGg, rrGg, and rrGG. The corresponding phenotypes are:
Round, green: RrGG and RrGg
Round, yellow: rrGg
Wrinkled, green: rrGG
Wrinkled, yellow: none
So the phenotypic ratio is 2 round-green : 2 round-yellow : 1 wrinkled-green : 0 wrinkled-yellow, which can be simplified to 2:2:1:0. Out of 8 offspring, the 2 round-green individuals express both dominant traits (round and green).
What is phenotypic ratio?
Phenotypic ratio refers to the ratio of different physical traits or characteristics that are expressed in offspring resulting from a genetic cross. It describes the observable traits or features that are determined by the genotype (genetic makeup) of an individual.
What are genotypes and phynotypes?
Genotype and phenotype are two fundamental concepts in genetics that describe the genetic makeup and physical appearance of an organism, respectively.
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gregor mendal observed that pea plant traits did not blend in their offspring.This led him to conclude that
Estos alimentos dulces azucarados no solo son malos para tu salud sino que tambien puede ser e___ a menudo se disfrazan con nombres que pueden ser s___
These sweet sugary foods are not only bad for your health but can also be addictive, often disguised with names that can be deceptive.
Consuming high amounts of sugar can lead to various health problems, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and tooth decay. However, besides the health risks, sugar can also be addictive. Research shows that sugar can activate the reward center in the brain and trigger the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. This can lead to cravings and a desire to consume more sugar, similar to the effects of drugs like cocaine.
Moreover, food manufacturers often use different names for sugar in their products, which can be misleading and confusing for consumers. Some common names for sugar include sucrose, fructose, glucose, high-fructose corn syrup, and maltodextrin.
Sugar is not only bad for your health, but it can also be addictive and hidden in many foods under different names.
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Place the following structures in the order that an electrical impulse would travel beginning with the post-synaptic membrane.
1. axon terminals
2. dendrites
3. node of ranvier
4. axon hillock
5. terminal arborization
6. soma
7. internode
Dendrites, Soma, Axon Hillock, Internode, Node of Ranvier, Axon Terminals, and Terminal Arborization are the structures through which an electrical impulse should pass correctly, starting at the post-synaptic membrane.
What is the sequence in which neuronal impulses move?Dendrites are the starting point for nerve impulses as they travel towards the cell body and down the axon. Electrical and chemical impulses from a nerve impulse pass along the neuron.
What happens in what order as a nerve impulse moves down the axon?The action potential has three stages: depolarization, repolarization, and recovery. At an electrical or chemical synapse, a nerve impulse is sent from one cell to another.
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According to the chemiosmotic mechanism, ATP is generated when
A) Electrons are transferred between carrier molecules.
B) A high-energy phosphate group is transferred from an intermediate metabolite to ADP.
C) Chlorophyll liberates an electron.
D) Protons are moved across a membrane.
E) Cells lyse in a hypotonic environment.
According to the chemiosmotic mechanism, ATP is generated when (D) protons are moved across a membrane.
It suggests that ATP synthesis is caused by a gradient of protons established across the inner mitochondrial membrane or the thylakoid membrane in photosynthetic organisms through the redox reactions of the electron transfer chains.
The transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain is coupled with proton translocation across the membrane in the chemiosmotic mechanism. This activity establishes an electrochemical gradient across the membrane with protons building up on one side of the membrane.
To achieve ATP synthesis, this gradient of protons must be restored to equilibrium by moving the protons back to the other side of the membrane. The energy derived from this gradient is then utilized for ATP synthesis.
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Which of the following best describes topsoil?
Answer:
the upper layer of soil
Explanation:
It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs.
emelang
41) The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to. A) protect against animal predation. B) ensure double fertilization. C) form a seed coat.
Answer: form a seed coat.
what component/protein/subunit is present in the holoenzyme but is not present in the core enzyme in prokaryotes?
In prokaryotes, the holoenzyme of RNA polymerase includes a subunit called the sigma factor, which is not present in the core enzyme.
The sigma factor aids RNA polymerase in binding to particular DNA promoter sequences, which is necessary for the start of transcription.
Four subunits make up the core enzyme: two copies of the alpha, one copy of the beta, and one copy of the beta prime. The holoenzyme is created when the sigma factor is combined with the core enzyme. This holoenzyme can recognize and bind to particular DNA sequences and start transcription.
The RNA polymerase in order to start producing RNA requires this element, it helps in proper lengthening of the RNA chain as well.
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It is possible for a cell to make proteins that last for months; hemoglobin in red blood cells is a good example. However, many proteins are not this long-lasting. They may be degraded in days or even hours. What is the advantage of short-lived proteins?
A). Most cells have a short life span.
B). Short-lived proteins enable the cells to adjust (control) gene expression when this is critical to their well-being.
C). Long-lasting proteins are likely to make the cell cancerous.
D). Cells lack the raw materials to make most of the proteins they need.
E). Most proteins are used only once.
The advantage of short-lived proteins is that they enable the cells to adjust (control) gene expression when this is critical to their well-being. The correct option is B.
Proteins are biomolecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acid residues, which play a significant role in most biological processes. Amino acids are connected to each other in a linear chain through peptide bonds in a particular order defined by the genetic code. The sequence of amino acids in a protein defines the structure and functionality of the protein, allowing it to carry out a broad range of functions within the cell or organism. Proteins have many vital functions in the body, such as providing structure, acting as enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions, serving as signalling molecules, and performing various other metabolic, transport, and regulatory functions.Short-lived proteins, unlike long-lived proteins, are responsible for a variety of cellular functions, including the regulation of gene expression, rapid responses to environmental stimuli, and short-term metabolic adjustments, among others. As a result, they assist cells in adapting to their environment, maintaining homeostasis, and avoiding cellular dysfunction caused by the buildup of unwanted molecules.Long-lived proteins, on the other hand, may produce accumulated damage over time, leading to cellular and tissue impairment. Short-lived proteins are highly regulated, and their speedy elimination from the cell is critical for their proper function. Furthermore, short-lived proteins are degraded by the cell's intracellular proteolytic machinery, allowing the cell to quickly remove proteins that are no longer required or have become harmful. Thus, short-lived proteins play a critical role in maintaining cellular health and preventing disease. So, the answer to the given question is option B. Short-lived proteins enable the cells to adjust (control) gene expression when this is critical to their well-being.Learn more about proteins: https://brainly.com/question/884935
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